A capacitance adjustment device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a capacitance adjustment device and method, belonging to the technical field of capacitors. A capacitance adjustment device includes a shell, a fixed electrode sheet, an adjustment shaft, a movable electrode sheet, a circular cavity, a chuck, an open slot, a filling cavity and a mesh; on the one hand, the present invention changes the overlapping area of the movable electrode sheet and the fixed electrode sheet by rotating the adjustment shaft to realize stepless capacity adjustment, and utilizes the elastic engagement between the chuck slot and the teeth of the abutment block to ensure that the movable electrode sheet is reliably locked at any adjustment position, which has the characteristics of flexible adjustment, wide application scenarios and reliable locking. On the other hand, when the adjustment shaft drives the movable electrode sheet to rotate, the chuck rotates synchronously to make the surface mesh dynamically cooperate with the opening area of the shell, so as to realize the adaptive adjustment of the heat dissipation capacity with the heat generation, avoiding the problem of fixed heat dissipation structure, and at the same time, the moisture-proof particles in the filling cavity of the chuck are moisture-proof on demand through the controllably exposed mesh, realizing the coordinated optimization of the dual functions of heat dissipation and moisture-proof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of capacitors, and particularly relates to a capacitance capacity adjustment device and method. Background Art

[0002] In the application field of capacitors, with the continuous improvement of the requirements of electronic devices for high energy density and fast charge and discharge performance, the thermal management problem during the charge and discharge process of capacitors has become increasingly prominent. During the charge and discharge process, heat is inevitably generated on the electrode plates, and the accumulation of heat will significantly affect the migration and storage behavior. These charge carriers, as the key carriers for the charge storage and release of capacitors, their migration and storage efficiency are directly related to the performance of capacitors. Once too much heat accumulates, the migration rate of charge carriers will decrease, and the storage stability will also be affected, thereby leading to problems such as a decrease in the charge and discharge efficiency of capacitors and a reduction in energy density.

[0003] However, the heat dissipation structure design of traditional variable capacitors is usually based on a fixed mode, and the heat dissipation area cannot be adaptively adjusted with the dynamic change of the overlapping area of the electrode plates. In the low-capacity working state of the capacitor, the heat generation of the electrodes is relatively small, but the heat dissipation area remains fixed. This situation leads to heat dissipation redundancy, which not only causes waste of structural space, increases the overall volume and cost of the capacitor, but also may cause the risk of internal condensation due to excessive heat dissipation. The formation of condensed water may damage the insulation performance of the capacitor, reduce its electrical reliability, and even cause the capacitor to short-circuit and fail. In the high-capacity working state, the heat generation of the electrodes increases sharply. At this time, the fixed heat dissipation area cannot effectively match the heat load, and the increase in local temperature will accelerate the aging process of the internal dielectric of the capacitor, causing the electrical performance of the dielectric to gradually decline. This aging phenomenon will ultimately lead to capacitance drift of the capacitor, that is, a deviation between the actual capacitance and the nominal capacitance, and attenuation of the insulation performance, seriously affecting the normal operation and service life of the capacitor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a capacitance capacity adjustment device and method that can overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A capacitance adjustment device includes a housing, and further includes a plurality of fixed electrode plates that are equidistantly arranged in the housing and distributed in a straight line. A regulating shaft is rotatably arranged on the housing, and a moving electrode plate corresponding to each adjacent two fixed electrode plates is installed on the regulating shaft. A first conductive member connected to the fixed electrode plate and a second conductive member connected to the moving electrode plate are respectively arranged in the housing, and a circular cavity is opened in the housing. A chuck that rotates along the inner wall of the circular cavity and can be automatically locked is fixedly connected to the regulating shaft. When the regulating shaft drives the moving electrode plate to rotate and adjust between two adjacent fixed electrode plates, an opening groove communicating between the circular cavity and the inside of the housing is provided on the housing. A filling cavity is provided inside the chuck, and a plurality of mesh holes communicating with the filling cavity are evenly distributed on a part of the surface of the chuck.

[0006] Preferably, the first conductive member includes a first conductive plate fixedly connected between the fixed electrode plate and the inner wall of the housing, and a first electrode post extending to the outside of the housing is installed on the first conductive plate. The second conductive member includes a second conductive plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing and fitting the surface of the moving electrode plate, and a second electrode post extending to the outside of the housing is installed on the second conductive plate.

[0007] Preferably, a driving part is installed at one end of the regulating shaft. When the driving part is a manual structure, it includes a rotating block fixedly connected to one end of the regulating shaft, and a plurality of driving surfaces are provided on the rotating block.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of card slots distributed in a circumferential manner are provided on the surface of the chuck, and a plurality of limiting slots distributed in a circumferential manner are provided on the inner wall of the circular cavity. A resisting block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting slot, a limiting spring is fixedly connected between the resisting block and the inner wall of the limiting slot, and a tooth engaging with the card slot is fixedly connected to the surface of the resisting block facing the chuck.

[0009] Preferably, the opening groove is semi-circular, and the area of the mesh holes distributed on the surface of the chuck is equal to the port area of the opening groove.

[0010] Preferably, under the communication of the opening groove, a shielding area and an opening area are respectively formed inside the circular cavity. When the moving electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate do not overlap, the shielding area inside the circular cavity completely covers some of the mesh holes provided on the surface of the chuck, and the sealed part of the surface of the chuck seals the opening area.

[0011] Preferably, when the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate gradually increases, some of the mesh holes provided on the surface of the chuck gradually move out of the shielding area and gradually correspond to the opening area.

[0012] Preferably, when the moving electrode plate completely overlaps with the fixed electrode plate, all the partial mesh holes formed on the surface of the chuck correspond to the opening area.

[0013] Preferably, an annular rotating groove corresponding to the inside of the filling cavity is formed on the adjusting shaft, an adapting rotating ring is attached to the inner wall of the annular rotating groove, and a plurality of partition plates which are circumferentially distributed and are all attached to the inner wall of the filling cavity are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for adjusting capacitance, including:

[0015] Step S1: Driving the moving electrode plate to rotate by rotating the adjusting shaft to change the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate;

[0016] Step S2: During the adjustment process, the chuck rotates along with the adjusting shaft, and the mesh holes on the surface of the chuck form a dynamic fit with the opening grooves on the housing. According to the change of the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate, the heat dissipation capacity is adjusted adaptively. Meanwhile, the moisture-proof particles in the filling cavity of the chuck are moisture-proof as needed through the controllably exposed mesh holes;

[0017] Step S3: When the required capacitance is reached, the chuck cooperates with the locking mechanism in the circular cavity to achieve automatic positioning and complete the capacity adjustment.

[0018] After adopting the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0019] For the present invention, on the one hand, the capacity is adjusted steplessly by rotating the adjusting shaft to change the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate. The elastic meshing of the chuck clamping groove and the abutting block tooth ensures that the moving electrode plate is reliably locked at any adjusted position, featuring flexible adjustment, wide applicable scenarios, and reliable locking;

[0020] On the other hand, when the adjusting shaft drives the moving electrode plate to rotate to change the overlapping area with the fixed electrode plate, the chuck will rotate synchronously, so that the mesh holes on its surface form a dynamic fit with the opening area of the housing, realizing the adaptive adjustment of the heat dissipation capacity according to the heat generation amount, avoiding the problem that the fixed heat dissipation structure has excessive heat dissipation area at low capacity, resulting in waste of structural space, while at high capacity, the heat dissipation area is insufficient, leading to overheating risk, which may cause material aging or performance attenuation. Meanwhile, during the process of the chuck realizing the locking and heat dissipation functions, the moisture-proof particles in the filling cavity of the chuck can be moisture-proof as needed through the controllably exposed mesh holes. During the high humidity risk period, the mesh holes are completely open, and the moisture-proof particles can fully play their roles to provide the strongest moisture-proof protection. During the low risk period, the mesh holes are closed proportionally, which can automatically reduce the ineffective volatilization of the moisture-proof agent and extend its replacement cycle. This design not only protects the electrodes from oxidation but also extends the service life of the moisture-proof agent, realizing the coordinated optimization of the dual functions of heat dissipation and moisture protection. Description of the Drawings

[0021] In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a capacitance adjustment device proposed by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 of the present invention Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first explosive connection structure between the moving electrode plate and the housing in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 of the present invention Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the second explosive connection structure between the moving electrode plate and the housing in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 of the present invention Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional connection structure diagram between the chuck and the housing in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 of the present invention Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the explosive connection structure between the chuck and the housing in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 of the present invention Figure 4 is a schematic connection structure diagram between the chuck and the abutting block in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 of the present invention Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first connection structure between the chuck and the shielding area in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 of the present invention Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the second connection structure between the chuck and the shielding area in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 of the present invention Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the third connection structure between the chuck and the shielding area in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 of the present invention Figure 6 is a schematic top cross-sectional structure diagram of the chuck in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 of the present invention Figure 10 is a schematic exploded connection structure diagram between the rotating ring and the adjusting shaft in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a capacitance adjustment device proposed by the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. housing; 2. fixed electrode plate; 3. adjusting shaft; 31. moving electrode plate; 32. circular cavity; 33. chuck; 331. card slot; 332. limit slot; 333. abutting block; 334. limit spring; 335. card teeth; 34. opening slot; 35. filling cavity; 36. mesh hole; 37. rotating block; 38. driving surface; 39. shielding area; 310. opening area; 311. annular rotating groove; 312. rotating ring; 313. partition plate; 4. first conductive plate; 41. first electrode post; 5. second conductive plate; 51. second electrode post. Detailed implementation mode

[0035] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description in the specification.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms such as "having", "including" and "comprising" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or their combinations.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-4 and Figure 12 , a capacitance capacity adjusting device, including a housing 1, and further including a plurality of fixed electrode plates 2 arranged at equal intervals in the housing 1 and distributed in a straight line. An adjusting shaft 3 is rotatably arranged on the housing 1. A moving electrode plate 31 corresponding to each adjacent two fixed electrode plates 2 is installed on the adjusting shaft 3. A first conductive member connected to the fixed electrode plate 2 and a second conductive member connected to the moving electrode plate 31 are respectively arranged in the housing 1. The first conductive member includes a first conductive plate 4 fixedly connected between the fixed electrode plate 2 and the inner wall of the housing 1. A first electrode post 41 extending to the outside of the housing 1 is installed on the first conductive plate 4. The second conductive member includes a second conductive plate 5 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 1 and fitting on the surface of the moving electrode plate 31. A second electrode post 51 extending to the outside of the housing 1 is installed on the second conductive plate 5.

[0039] In the above technical solution, during use, the rotation of the adjustment shaft 3 drives the movable electrode plate 31 to rotate, changing the overlapping area between it and the fixed and arranged fixed electrode plates 2, thereby adjusting the effective action area between the electrodes. Since the movable electrode plate 31 is electrically connected to the second electrode post 51 through the second conductive plate 5, and the fixed electrode plate 2 is electrically connected to the first electrode post 41 through the first conductive plate 4, when connected to a circuit, the capacitance formed between the fixed electrode plate 2 and the movable electrode plate 31 is dynamically adjusted with the change of the overlapping area. This design realizes stepless adjustment of the capacitance. The user only needs to rotate the adjustment shaft 3 to flexibly control the capacitance value, meeting the real-time requirements of different circuits.

[0040] Referring to Figures 1-3 and Figures 5-7 , for the convenience of operating the rotation of the adjustment shaft 3, a driving part is installed at one end of the adjustment shaft 3, and manual or automatic adjustment methods can be flexibly selected.

[0041] When the manual adjustment method is adopted, the driving part includes a rotating block 37 fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment shaft 3. A pair of horizontal driving surfaces 38 are provided on the rotating block 37, which is convenient for manual force application to rotate, facilitating manual operation. The structure is simple and reliable, and is suitable for low-frequency and low-cost scenarios such as teaching demonstrations.

[0042] When the automatic adjustment method is adopted, the driving part is a servo motor installed on the housing 1, and its output end is fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment shaft 3. During operation, the rotation of the adjustment shaft 3 is precisely controlled by the control system to realize automatic adjustment of the capacitance. It is suitable for high-precision and high-frequency adjustment requirements such as industrial automation and smart grids. The two modes can be flexibly selected according to the complexity, precision requirements, and cost budget of the actual application scenario, meeting different usage requirements.

[0043] Referring to Figures 2-6 , to realize the automatic locking of the movable electrode plate 31 after manual adjustment, a circular cavity 32 is provided in the housing 1 of this device. A chuck 33 that rotates along the inner wall of the circular cavity 32 and can be automatically locked is fixedly connected to the adjustment shaft 3. A plurality of card slots 331 distributed in a circumferential manner are provided on the surface of the chuck 33. A plurality of limiting slots 332 distributed in a circumferential manner are provided on the inner wall of the circular cavity 32. A contact block 333 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting slot 332. A limiting spring 334 is fixedly connected between the contact block 333 and the inner wall of the limiting slot 332. A tooth 335 that fits with the card slot 331 is fixedly connected to the surface of the contact block 333 facing the chuck 33. When the user rotates the adjustment shaft 3, the chuck 33 rotates accordingly. The card slot 331 on the chuck 33 and the tooth 335 on the contact block 333 form elastic engagement under the action of the limiting spring 334. This design ensures that the movable electrode plate 31 can be reliably locked at any adjusted position.

[0044] Embodiment 2: Referring to Figures 3-9, on the basis of the above-mentioned first embodiment, considering that the larger the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate 31 and the fixed electrode plate 2, the larger the capacitance value, it indicates that the heat generated when the moving electrode plate 31 and the fixed electrode plate 2 work in the housing 1 will also increase, and vice versa. If a fixed heat dissipation structure is directly opened on the housing 1, it will cause the heat dissipation amount and the heat generation amount to not match. Because when the capacity is low, the heat dissipation area is excessive, resulting in waste of structural space, while when the capacity is high, the heat dissipation area is insufficient, leading to an overheating risk, which may cause material aging or performance attenuation. Therefore, based on this problem in this embodiment, when the adjusting shaft 3 drives the moving electrode plate 31 to rotate and adjust between two adjacent fixed electrode plates 2, the housing 1 is provided with an opening groove 34 communicating between the circular cavity 32 and the inside of the housing 1. The opening groove 34 is semi-circular. The inside of the chuck 33 is provided with a filling cavity 35. Part of the surface of the chuck 33 is evenly distributed with mesh holes 36 communicating with the filling cavity 35. The area where the mesh holes 36 are distributed on the surface of the chuck 33 is equal to the port area of the opening groove 34. Inside the circular cavity 32, under the communication of the opening groove 34, there are respectively formed a shielding area 39 and an opening area 310.

[0045] Specifically, when the moving electrode plate 31 does not overlap with the fixed electrode plate 2, the shielding area 39 inside the circular cavity 32 completely covers some of the mesh holes 36 opened on the surface of the chuck 33, and the sealed part of the surface of the chuck 33 blocks the opening area 310, as Figure 7 shown. When the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate 31 and the fixed electrode plate 2 gradually increases, some of the mesh holes 36 opened on the surface of the chuck 33 gradually move out of the shielding area 39 and gradually correspond to the opening area 310, as Figure 8 shown. When the moving electrode plate 31 completely overlaps with the fixed electrode plate 2, some of the mesh holes 36 opened on the surface of the chuck 33 all correspond to the opening area 310, as Figure 9 shown. That is to say, when the adjusting shaft 3 drives the moving electrode plate 31 to rotate and change the overlapping area with the fixed electrode plate 2, the chuck 33 rotates synchronously, so that the mesh holes 36 on its surface form a dynamic cooperation with the opening area 310 on the housing 1. In the low-capacity state, the mesh holes 36 are mainly covered by the shielding area 39, reducing unnecessary heat dissipation openings. As the capacity increases, the mesh holes 36 gradually align with the opening area 310, and the heat dissipation area increases linearly. When the maximum capacity is reached, the mesh holes 36 are completely exposed to achieve the maximum heat dissipation efficiency. This adaptive heat dissipation design ensures that the heat dissipation ability is always proportional to the heat generation amount, perfectly matching the heat dissipation requirements in different working states, avoiding the waste of heat dissipation resources under low load, and ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency under high load, fundamentally solving the contradiction problem of "excessive heat dissipation at low capacity and insufficient heat dissipation at high capacity" existing in the fixed heat dissipation structure.

[0046] Meanwhile, the moisture-proof particles in the filling cavity 35 achieve moisture-proof on demand through the controllably exposed mesh holes 36. When the moving electrode plate 31 completely overlaps with the fixed electrode plate 2, the mesh holes 36 are all open, and the moisture-proof particles are completely exposed to cope with the maximum humidity risk. When the moving electrode plate 31 partially overlaps with the fixed electrode plate 2, the mesh holes 36 are exposed proportionally. For example, 50% overlap corresponds to 50% exposed area. When the mesh holes 36 are completely closed, the moisture-proof particles are not consumed. This design ensures the strongest moisture-proof protection during high-humidity risk periods, automatically reduces the ineffective volatilization of the moisture-proof agent during low-risk periods, extends the replacement cycle, prolongs the service life of the moisture-proof agent while protecting the electrodes from oxidation, and realizes the coordinated optimization of the dual functions of heat dissipation and moisture-proof.

[0047] It should be particularly noted that when the moving electrode plate 31 does not overlap with the fixed electrode plate 2, the shielding area 39 inside the circular cavity 32 completely covers some of the mesh holes 36 opened on the surface of the chuck 33, and the sealed part of the surface of the chuck 33 blocks the opening area 310, as Figure 7 shown. This design not only effectively prevents dust from entering the mesh holes 36 when in the unused state, but also avoids the ineffective consumption of the moisture-proof particles in the filling cavity 35.

[0048] When the moving electrode plate 31 completely overlaps with the fixed electrode plate 2, some of the mesh holes 36 opened on the surface of the chuck 33 all correspond to the opening area 310. This design not only achieves the maximum heat dissipation efficiency, but also facilitates the cleaning of the exposed mesh holes 36. At the same time, the part of the chuck 33 corresponding to the mesh holes 36 can be designed as a detachable panel, which is convenient for users to replace the moisture-proof particles in the filling cavity 35.

[0049] Embodiment 3: Referring to Figure 10 and Figure 11 , on the basis of the above Embodiment 2, further, an annular rotating groove 311 corresponding to the inside of the filling cavity 35 is opened on the adjusting shaft 3. The inner wall of the annular rotating groove 311 is fitted with a matching rotating ring 312. The surface of the rotating ring 312 is fixedly connected with a plurality of partition plates 313 distributed in a circumferential manner and all fitting with the inner wall of the filling cavity 35, dividing the original moisture-proof particles filled in the filling cavity 35 into multiple independent intervals. In this way, when the adjusting shaft 3 drives the chuck 33 to rotate, the rotating ring 312 rotates synchronously along the annular rotating groove 311 on the adjusting shaft 3, so that the partition plates 313 push the moisture-proof particles to be evenly distributed, ensuring that there are always sufficient moisture-proof particles in the area corresponding to the mesh holes 36, effectively preventing the particles from aggregating towards the edge of the cavity due to rotational centrifugal force, avoiding insufficient particles in the area of the mesh holes 36, and maximizing the moisture-proof effect.

[0050] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and there is no restriction on the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art of the present invention can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes by using the technical content prompted above within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A capacitance adjustment device, comprising: a housing (1), characterized in that it further comprises: a plurality of fixed electrode plates (2) arranged equidistantly and linearly in the housing (1), an adjustment shaft (3) is rotatably arranged on the housing (1), and a moving electrode plate (31) corresponding to each adjacent two fixed electrode plates (2) is installed on the adjustment shaft (3), and a first conductive member connected to the fixed electrode plate (2) and a second conductive member connected to the moving electrode plate (31) are respectively arranged in the housing (1); and a circular cavity (32) opened in the housing (1), a chuck (33) fixedly connected to the adjustment shaft (3) and rotating along the inner wall of the circular cavity (32) and capable of automatic locking; When the adjustment shaft (3) drives the moving electrode plate (31) to rotate and adjust between two adjacent fixed electrode plates (2), an opening groove (34) communicating between the circular cavity (32) and the inside of the housing (1) is provided on the housing (1), a filling cavity (35) is provided inside the chuck (33), and a plurality of mesh holes (36) communicating with the filling cavity (35) are evenly distributed on a part of the surface of the chuck (33).

2. The capacitance adjusting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first conductive member includes a first conductive plate (4) fixedly connected between the fixed electrode plate (2) and the inner wall of the housing (1), and a first electrode post (41) extending to the outside of the housing (1) is installed on the first conductive plate (4), and the second conductive member includes a second conductive plate (5) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (1) and fitting on the surface of the moving electrode plate (31), and a second electrode post (51) extending to the outside of the housing (1) is installed on the second conductive plate (5).

3. The capacitance adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the adjustment shaft (3) is provided with a driving part. When the driving part is a manual structure, it includes a rotating block (37) fixedly connected to one end of the adjustment shaft (3), and a plurality of driving surfaces (38) are provided on the rotating block (37).

4. A capacitance adjusting device according to claim 3, characterized in that A plurality of card slots (331) distributed in a circumferential manner are provided on the surface of the chuck (33), a plurality of limiting slots (332) distributed in a circumferential manner are provided on the inner wall of the circular cavity (32), a resisting block (333) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting slot (332), a limiting spring (334) is fixedly connected between the resisting block (333) and the inner wall of the limiting slot (332), and a tooth (335) fitting with the card slot (331) is fixedly connected to one side of the resisting block (333) facing the chuck (33).

5. A capacitance adjustment device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that The opening groove (34) is semi-circular, and the area of the mesh holes (36) distributed on the surface of the chuck (33) is equal to the port area of the opening groove (34).

6. The capacitance adjusting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Under the communication of the opening groove (34), a shielding area (39) and an opening area (310) are respectively formed inside the circular cavity (32). When the moving electrode plate (31) does not overlap with the fixed electrode plate (2), the shielding area (39) inside the circular cavity (32) completely covers some of the mesh holes (36) provided on the surface of the chuck (33), and the sealed part of the surface of the chuck (33) seals the opening area (310).

7. A capacitance adjustment device according to claim 6, wherein, When the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate (31) and the fixed electrode plate (2) gradually increases, some of the mesh holes (36) formed on the surface of the chuck (33) gradually move out of the shielding area (39) and gradually correspond to the opening area (310).

8. A capacitance adjustment device according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the moving electrode plate (31) completely overlaps with the fixed electrode plate (2), all of the mesh holes (36) formed on the surface of the chuck (33) correspond to the opening area (310).

9. The capacitance adjusting device according to claim 8, characterized in that, An annular rotating groove (311) corresponding to the inside of the filling cavity (35) is formed on the adjusting shaft (3). The inner wall of the annular rotating groove (311) is attached to a matching rotating ring (312). A plurality of partition plates (313) are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating ring (312), are distributed in a circular pattern, and are all attached to the inner wall of the filling cavity (35).

10. A method for adjusting capacitance, applied to a capacitance adjustment device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Comprising: Step S1: Rotate the adjusting shaft (3) to drive the moving electrode plate (31) to rotate, and change the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate (31) and the fixed electrode plate (2). Step S2: During the adjustment process, the chuck (33) rotates with the adjusting shaft (3). The mesh holes (36) on the surface of the chuck (33) and the opening groove (34) on the housing (1) form a dynamic fit. According to the change in the overlapping area between the moving electrode plate (31) and the fixed electrode plate (2), the heat dissipation capacity is adjusted adaptively. At the same time, the moisture-proof particles in the filling cavity (35) of the chuck (33) are moisture-proof as needed through the controllably exposed mesh holes (36). Step S3: When the required capacitance is reached, the chuck (33) cooperates with the locking mechanism in the circular cavity (32) to achieve automatic positioning and complete the capacity adjustment.

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