Electron collection device, heat dissipation method and X-ray tube

Abstract

The invention relates to an electron collection device, a heat dissipation method and an X-ray tube, the electron collection device comprises an electron collector, the electron collector is provided with a shell wall, the shell wall comprises an inner shell wall and an outer shell wall, and at least one part of the inner shell wall is used for collecting backscattered electrons; a closed cavity is defined by the shell wall, a non-gaseous phase change medium is arranged in the closed cavity, and the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall; when the back scattering electrons are collected by the inner shell wall, the non-gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the inner shell wall so as to absorb heat of the inner shell wall; when the non-gaseous phase change medium is gasified, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the shell wall, and at least one part of the shell wall is used for exchanging heat with the gaseous phase change medium. Thus, the structure of the heat dissipation flow channel used for being matched with the electron collector in the electron collection device can be simplified, the flow resistance borne by the cooling liquid when the cooling liquid passes through the electron collector is reduced, and therefore the overall heat dissipation capacity of the electron collection device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field related to backscattered electron collection, and particularly relates to an electron collection device, a heat dissipation method, and an X-ray tube. Background Art

[0002] In an electron collection device, an electron collector is assembled between an anode target disc and a cathode head for collecting backscattered electrons that are emitted from the cathode head to the anode target disc and ejected from the anode target disc. The electron collector is disposed at a position between the anode target disc and the cathode head, and the inner shell wall in a vacuum state on the electron collector directly impacts the backscattered electrons to achieve the collection of the backscattered electrons. It can be understood that a large amount of heat is generated when the inner shell wall is impacted by the backscattered electrons. Therefore, it is necessary to dissipate heat from the electron collector. Currently, for the heat dissipation of the electron collector, existing electron collectors usually have heat dissipation channels formed inside the electron collector, and inlets and outlets communicating with the coolant circulating in the electron collection device are provided on the electron collector. In this way, the coolant flowing in the electron collection device can enter and exit the electron collector driven by a radiator, and the heat exchange between the coolant and the electron collector is utilized to ultimately achieve the purpose of dissipating heat from the inner shell wall of the electron collector. However, since the electron collector is disposed between the anode target disc and the cathode head, the space is relatively compact, which makes the design of the heat dissipation channels of the electron collector relatively cramped, resulting in a large flow resistance when the coolant flows through the heat dissipation channels of the electron collector and reducing the flow rate of the coolant. This will reduce the overall flow rate of the coolant when flowing in the electron collection device and reduce the overall heat dissipation capacity of the electron collection device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, it is necessary to provide an electron collection device, a heat dissipation method, and an X-ray tube for solving the above technical problems.

[0004] An electron collection device is applied to an X-ray tube. The electron collection device includes an electron collector, the electron collector having a shell wall, the shell wall including an inner shell wall and an outer shell wall, at least a part of the inner shell wall being used for collecting backscattered electrons;

[0005] The shell wall encloses a sealed chamber, and a non-gaseous phase change medium is disposed in the sealed chamber, and the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall;

[0006] When the inner shell wall collects the backscattered electrons, the non-gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the inner shell wall to absorb the heat of the inner shell wall; when the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall, and at least a part of the outer shell wall is used for heat exchange with the gaseous phase change medium.

[0007] It is understandable that by using a non-gaseous phase change medium disposed in a sealed chamber to exchange heat with the inner shell wall, the non-gaseous phase change medium can take away the heat generated during the collection of backscattered electrons by the inner shell wall. During this process, the non-gaseous phase change medium can vaporize to achieve the purpose of efficiently dissipating heat from the inner shell wall. Then, the gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the outer shell wall and dissipate heat, so that the circulation of the phase change medium within the electron collector shell wall can be realized, enabling the external placement of the heat dissipation flow channel for the coolant on the electron collector. In this way, the structure of the heat dissipation flow channel for supporting the electron collector in the electron collection device can be simplified, and the flow resistance of the coolant passing through the electron collector can be reduced, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation capacity of the electron collection device.

[0008] In one embodiment, a capillary transport unit is disposed in the sealed chamber;

[0009] Wherein, after the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium reaches the outer shell wall through the capillary transport unit, and makes the gaseous phase change medium in thermal contact with the outer shell wall.

[0010] It is understandable that the capillary transport unit in the sealed chamber is used to realize the circulation of the gaseous phase change medium. In this way, the circulation of the phase change medium in the sealed chamber can be facilitated.

[0011] In one embodiment, the number of the capillary transport units is multiple, and the multiple capillary transport units are independently arranged, and there is at least one reflux gap between the capillary transport units.

[0012] In one embodiment, a first gap is provided between the capillary transport unit and the inner shell wall, and at least a part of the first gap forms a phase change vaporization zone, and when the inner shell wall collects backscattered electrons, the phase change medium undergoes a phase change in the phase change vaporization zone.

[0013] In one embodiment, a second gap is provided between the capillary transport unit and the outer shell wall, and at least a part of the second gap forms a condensation zone, and when the outer shell wall exchanges heat with the gaseous phase change medium, the gaseous phase change medium can become the non-gaseous phase change medium in the condensation zone.

[0014] In one embodiment, the shell wall further includes a circumferential shell wall, and the inner shell wall and the outer shell wall are connected by the circumferential shell wall;

[0015] A third gap is provided between the capillary transport unit and the circumferential shell wall, and at least a part of the third gap forms a reflux zone, enabling the non-gaseous phase change medium that has become to flow back through the reflux zone.

[0016] In one embodiment, the electron collection device further includes heat dissipation fins, which are disposed on at least a part of the outer shell wall of the electron collection electrode, and the heat dissipation fins exchange heat with the gaseous phase change medium through the outer shell wall;

[0017] Wherein, the heat dissipation fins can exchange heat with the coolant of the X-ray tube.

[0018] It can be understood that heat dissipation fins are used to exchange heat with the coolant flowing in the X-ray tube. In this way, the heat dissipation area of the outer shell wall can be increased, and the liquefaction efficiency of the phase change medium after gasification during heat exchange with the outer shell wall can be improved.

[0019] In one embodiment, the phase change medium includes a fluorinated liquid.

[0020] It can be understood that the phase change medium includes a fluorinated liquid, enabling the phase change medium to be locally sourced and having the effect of reducing costs.

[0021] This application also claims protection for a heat dissipation method of an electron collection device, the electron collection device including an electron collection electrode, and the heat dissipation method includes;

[0022] When the inner shell wall of the electron collection electrode collects backscattered electrons, the non-gaseous phase change medium in the sealed chamber formed by the enclosure of the shell wall exchanges heat with the inner shell wall, wherein the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall;

[0023] When the non-gaseous phase change medium is gasified, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall of the electron collection electrode, so that the gaseous phase change medium exchanges heat with at least a part of the outer shell wall.

[0024] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation method further includes:

[0025] When the non-gaseous phase change medium is gasified, the gaseous phase change medium reaches the outer shell wall through the capillary transport unit.

[0026] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation method further includes:

[0027] After the gaseous phase change medium exchanges heat with at least a part of the outer shell wall and becomes a non-gaseous phase change medium, the non-gaseous phase change medium flows back and is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall again.

[0028] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation method further includes:

[0029] When the gaseous phase change medium exchanges heat with at least a portion of the shell wall, the shell wall exchanges heat with the coolant of the X-ray tube through the heat dissipation fins provided on the shell wall, wherein the heat dissipation fins are at least partially immersed in the coolant.

[0030] In one embodiment, the heat dissipation method further includes:

[0031] The heat exchange efficiency between the gaseous phase change medium and the shell wall is controlled by controlling the flow rate of the coolant in the X-ray tube.

[0032] The present application also claims protection for an X-ray tube, comprising an anode target disk, a cathode head and an electron collecting device, wherein the electron collecting device comprises an electron collecting electrode, wherein the electron collecting electrode is arranged between the anode target disk and the cathode head; the electron collecting electrode has a shell wall, wherein the shell wall comprises an inner shell wall and an outer shell wall, wherein at least a portion of the inner shell wall is used to collect backscattered electrons;

[0033] The shell wall encloses a closed chamber, a non-gaseous phase change medium is arranged in the closed chamber, and the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall;

[0034] When the inner shell wall collects the backscattered electrons, the non-gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the inner shell wall to absorb the heat of the inner shell wall; when the non-gaseous phase change medium is vaporized, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall, and at least a portion of the outer shell wall is used for heat exchange with the gaseous phase change medium.

[0035] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0036] The electron collecting device, heat dissipation method and X-ray tube for which protection is sought in the present application utilize a non-gaseous phase change medium disposed in a sealed chamber to exchange heat with an inner shell wall. The non-gaseous phase change medium can carry away the heat generated by the inner shell wall when collecting backscattered electrons. During this process, the non-gaseous phase change medium can vaporize to achieve efficient heat dissipation of the inner shell wall. Thereafter, the gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the outer shell wall and dissipate heat. This allows the phase change medium to circulate within the shell wall of the electron collecting electrode, so that the heat dissipation channel for the flow of coolant on the electron collecting electrode is externalized. In this way, the structure of the heat dissipation channel for the matching electron collecting electrode in the electron collecting device can be simplified, and the flow resistance encountered by the coolant when passing through the electron collecting electrode can be reduced, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation capacity of the electron collecting device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 Partial cross-sectional view of the electron collector provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 Partial cross-sectional view of the electron collector provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the heat dissipation principle when the electron collector of the present application dissipates heat to the inner shell wall during operation;

[0041] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the circulation of the phase change solution and the phase change gas in the shell wall of the electron collector of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5 Flowchart of the heat dissipation method of the electron collection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Reference numerals: 100, electron collector; 101, sealed chamber; 10, shell wall; 11, inner shell wall; 12, outer shell wall; 13, peripheral shell wall; 20, capillary transport unit; 30, phase change gasification zone; 40, condensation zone; 50, reflux zone; 110, heat dissipation fins. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "provided on" another element, it can be directly provided on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "provided on" another element, it can be directly provided on the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. When an element is considered to be "fixed to" another element, it can be directly fixed to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this invention belongs. The terms used in the description of this invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0047] The electronic collection device claimed in this application is applied to an X-ray tube.

[0048] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the electronic collection device provided by an embodiment of this application includes an electron collection electrode 100. The electron collection electrode 100 has a shell wall 10. The shell wall 10 includes an inner shell wall 11 and an outer shell wall 12. At least a part of the inner shell wall 11 is used for collecting backscattered electrons. A sealed chamber 101 is formed by enclosing the shell wall 10. A non-gaseous phase change medium is arranged in the sealed chamber 101. The non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall 11. When the inner shell wall 11 collects backscattered electrons, the non-gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the inner shell wall 11 to absorb the heat of the inner shell wall 11. When the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall 12. At least a part of the outer shell wall 12 is used for heat exchange with the gaseous phase change medium. Here, when the electron collection electrode 100 uses the inner shell wall 11 to collect backscattered electrons, heat is generated when the backscattered electrons hit the inner shell wall 11, and heat exchange is carried out between the inner shell wall 11 and the phase change medium. At the same time, the non-gaseous phase change medium will vaporize due to absorbing heat and become a gaseous phase change medium. It should be noted that the inner shell wall 11 and the outer shell wall 12 are relative to the electron collection electrode 100, and the electron collection electrode 100 is applied to an X-ray tube. The inner shell wall 11 of the electron collection electrode 100 is specifically inside the tube shell of the X-ray tube and in a vacuum environment, while the part of the outer shell wall 12 that exchanges heat with the gaseous phase change medium is outside the tube shell of the X-ray tube and in a non-vacuum environment.

[0049] It can be understood that, by utilizing the non-gaseous phase change medium arranged in the closed chamber 101 to exchange heat with the inner shell wall 11, the non-gaseous phase change medium can take away the heat generated by the inner shell wall 11 when collecting backscattered electrons. In this process, the non-gaseous phase change medium can be vaporized to achieve the purpose of efficient heat dissipation of the inner shell wall 11. Thereafter, the gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the outer shell wall 12 and dissipate heat. In this way, the phase change medium can be circulated in the closed chamber 101 of the electron collector 100, so that the heat dissipation channel for the flow of coolant on the electron collector 100 is externalized. In this way, the structure of the heat dissipation channel for matching the electron collector 100 in the electron collection device can be simplified, and the flow resistance encountered by the coolant when passing through the electron collector 100 can be reduced, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation capacity of the electron collection device.

[0050] It should be noted that the non-gaseous phase change medium utilizes the property of absorbing or releasing heat during phase change to achieve the storage and release of thermal energy. During the energy storage process, the non-gaseous phase change energy storage medium changes from solid to liquid or gaseous, absorbing a large amount of heat; further, the gaseous phase change medium releases thermal energy by releasing heat. Here, the non-gaseous phase change medium can specifically be a fluoride liquid. Of course, in other embodiments, the non-gaseous phase change medium can also be a fluoride solid (such as sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, etc.) and water, or hydrogen fluoride and water, which will not be elaborated here.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a capillary transport unit 20 is provided in the sealed chamber 101; when the non-gaseous phase change medium is vaporized, the gaseous phase change medium reaches the outer shell wall 12 via the capillary transport unit 20, and the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall 12, so that the gaseous phase change medium and the outer shell wall 12 are heat exchanged. In this way, the gaseous phase change medium can flow toward the outer shell wall 12, so that the circulation of the phase change medium in the sealed chamber 101 can be facilitated. Here, if the non-gaseous phase change medium filled into the shell wall 10 is liquid, when the electron collector 100 collects backscattered electrons with the inner shell wall 11, the liquid phase change medium will not submerge the capillary transport unit 20.

[0052] It should be noted that the above-mentioned capillary transport unit 20 can and only allows the gaseous phase change medium to pass through, which can restrict the flow path of the gaseous phase change medium after gasification in the closed chamber 101 and prevent the non-gaseous phase change medium from flowing back. For this purpose, the channel aperture of the capillary transport unit 20 for the gaseous phase change medium after gasification can be set to be small enough. Due to the surface tension of the non-gaseous phase change medium, it cannot enter the channel of the capillary transport unit 20, while the gaseous phase change gas will enter the capillary transport unit 20 due to volume expansion and reach the position of the outer shell wall 12 through the capillary transport unit 20. Of course, the specific structure of the capillary transport unit 20 can adopt the conventional methods of the existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0053] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, the number of the capillary transport units 20 is one, and the capillary transport unit 20 can be specifically arranged at the middle position of the shell wall 10; in other embodiments, the number of the capillary transport units 20 is multiple, and the multiple capillary transport units 20 are independently arranged, and there is at least one reflux gap between the capillary transport units 20, and the reflux gap allows the non-gaseous phase change medium to flow back. It should be noted that the number of the capillary transport units 20 and their arrangement positions in the shell wall 10 can be specifically set according to the use requirements and will not be elaborated here.

[0054] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, there is a first gap between the capillary transport unit 20 and the inner shell wall 11, and at least a part of the first gap forms a phase change gasification zone 30, and when the inner shell wall 11 collects backscattered electrons, the phase change medium undergoes a phase change in the phase change gasification zone 30. That is to say, the non-gaseous phase change medium is specifically gasified in the phase change gasification zone 30.

[0055] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in some embodiments, there is a second gap between the capillary transport unit 20 and the outer shell wall 12, and at least a part of the second gap forms a condensation zone 40, and when the outer shell wall 12 exchanges heat with the gaseous phase change medium, the gaseous phase change medium can become a non-gaseous phase change medium in the condensation zone 40. That is to say, the gaseous phase change medium specifically becomes a non-gaseous phase change medium in the condensation zone 40.

[0056] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the shell wall 10 further includes a circumferential shell wall 13. The inner shell wall 11 and the outer shell wall 12 are connected by the circumferential shell wall 13. There is a third gap between the capillary transport unit 20 and the circumferential shell wall 13. At least a part of the third gap forms a reflux zone 50, enabling the phase change medium that has become non-gaseous to flow back through the reflux zone 50. That is to say, the phase change medium that has become non-gaseous in the condensation zone 40 can flow back to the phase change vaporization zone 30 via the reflux zone 50. It should be noted that the third gap includes a left gap formed with the left side of the circumferential shell wall 13, and / or a right gap formed with the right side of the circumferential shell wall 13. That is, in this embodiment, the reflux zone 50 can be provided on the left side, the right side, or both sides of the circumferential shell wall 13.

[0057] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the electron collection device further includes heat dissipation fins 110. The heat dissipation fins 110 are provided on at least a part of the outer shell wall 12 of the electron collection electrode 100. The heat dissipation fins 110 exchange heat with the gaseous phase change medium through the outer shell wall 12. Among them, the heat dissipation fins 110 can exchange heat with the coolant of the X-ray tube, which can increase the heat dissipation area when the outer shell wall 12 exchanges heat with the gaseous phase change medium. Thus, the heat exchange efficiency when the outer shell wall 12 exchanges heat with the gaseous phase change medium can be improved, enabling the gaseous phase change medium to be timely changed into a non-gaseous phase change medium by the outer shell wall 12. It should be noted that the heat dissipation fins 110 can be specifically immersed in the coolant, so that during the process of the coolant flowing through the electron collection electrode 100, effective heat exchange can be achieved between the coolant and the heat dissipation fins 110, and the heat of the heat dissipation fins 110 can be taken away by the coolant (water or oil) of the X-ray tube. This can improve the cooling effect of the coolant on the outer shell wall 12, enabling the outer shell wall 12 to timely liquefy the vaporized phase change gas.

[0058] In this embodiment, the number of the heat dissipation fins 110 is multiple groups. The multiple groups of heat dissipation fins 110 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer shell wall 12, enabling the coolant to flow through the gap between two adjacent groups of heat dissipation fins 110, which can reduce the flow resistance when the coolant passes through the electron collection electrode 100. Among them, each group of heat dissipation fins 110 includes multiple heat dissipation fins 110. The multiple heat dissipation fins 110 are arranged at intervals in sequence along the flow direction of the coolant on the outer shell wall 12, which can also increase the heat contact area when the outer shell wall 12 exchanges heat with the coolant and improve the cooling effect of the coolant on the outer shell wall 12 when passing through the electron collection electrode 100. Of course, in other embodiments, the multiple heat dissipation fins 110 can also be only arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer shell wall 12, or only arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the coolant outside the outer shell wall 12, which will not be elaborated here.

[0059] It should be noted that the thermal contact described in the electronic collection device of the present application specifically refers to a situation where two substances only allow heat exchange with each other, without allowing force or electromagnetic interactions, and of course, it is impossible for mass exchange to occur. In the present application, at least a part of the shell wall 10 includes a partition structure disposed within the sealed chamber 101. Specifically, for example, the inner shell wall 11 includes a partition structure disposed within the sealed chamber 101, or the outer shell wall 12 includes a partition structure disposed within the sealed chamber 101. The above-mentioned partition structure includes, for example, an anti-corrosion layer plate or an anti-corrosion coating for preventing chemical reactions with the phase change medium. The phase change medium can also conduct heat to the inner shell wall 11 or the outer shell wall 12 of the shell wall 10 through the partition structure (such as an anti-corrosion layer plate or an anti-corrosion coating) of the shell wall 10 to achieve thermal contact.

[0060] In the present application, when the inner shell wall 11 includes a partition structure disposed within the sealed chamber 101, the first gap between the capillary transport unit 20 and the inner shell wall 11 is equal to the gap between the capillary transport unit 20 and the partition structure of the inner shell wall 11. It can be understood that if at least a part of the inner shell wall 11 is provided with a partition structure, at least a part of the first gap is defined by the capillary transport unit 20 and the partition structure of the inner shell wall 11. Additionally, the second gap between the capillary transport unit 20 and the outer shell wall 12, and the third gap between the capillary transport unit 20 and the peripheral shell wall 13 are the same as the situation of the inner shell wall 11 and will not be elaborated further.

[0061] As Figure 5 shown, the present application also provides a heat dissipation method for an electronic collection device. The electronic collection device includes an electron collection electrode 100. This heat dissipation method includes:

[0062] When the inner shell wall 11 of the electron collection electrode 100 collects backscattered electrons, a non-gaseous phase change medium within the sealed chamber 101 formed by enclosing the shell wall 10 exchanges heat with the inner shell wall 11, where the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall 11;

[0063] When the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall 12 of the electron collection electrode 100, causing the gaseous phase change medium to exchange heat with at least a part of the outer shell wall 12.

[0064] In some embodiments, this heat dissipation method further includes:

[0065] When the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium reaches the outer shell wall 12 through the capillary transport unit 20.

[0066] In some embodiments, this heat dissipation method further includes:

[0067] The gaseous phase change medium becomes a non-gaseous phase change medium after heat exchange with at least a part of the outer shell wall 12, and the non-gaseous phase change medium flows back and comes into thermal contact with the inner shell wall 11 again.

[0068] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation method further includes:

[0069] When the gaseous phase change medium exchanges heat with at least a part of the outer shell wall 12, the outer shell wall 12 exchanges heat with the coolant of the X-ray tube (not shown in the figure) through the heat dissipation fins 110 provided on the outer shell wall 12, wherein at least a part of the heat dissipation fins 110 is immersed in the coolant.

[0070] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation method further includes:

[0071] By controlling the flow rate of the coolant in the X-ray tube, the heat exchange efficiency between the gaseous phase change medium and the outer shell wall 12 is controlled.

[0072] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shown, when the electron collector 100 of the present application is working, a large amount of heat is generated when the backscattered electrons strike the inner shell wall 11. The inner shell wall 11 exchanges heat with the phase change medium placed in the phase change vaporization zone 30 to vaporize the phase change medium and turn it into a gaseous phase change medium. At the same time, effective heat dissipation of the inner shell wall 11 can be achieved; the gaseous phase change medium will carry the heat into the capillary transport unit 20 and flow through the capillary transport unit 20 into the condensation zone 40, so that the gaseous phase change medium exchanges heat with the outer shell wall 12 and liquefies the vaporized phase change medium back into a liquid state. At the same time, the heat absorbed by the outer shell wall 12 from the gaseous phase change medium can be transferred to the coolant through the heat dissipation fins 110; then, the liquid phase change medium will flow into the reflux zone 50 and will flow back into the phase change vaporization zone 30 again under the guidance of the reflux zone 50, and the circulation flow of the phase change medium in the sealed chamber 101 of the electron collector 100 is realized. During this process, effective heat dissipation of the inner shell wall 11 for collecting backscattered electrons on the electron collector 100 can be achieved.

[0073] In addition, the present application further provides an X-ray tube, which includes an anode target disc (not shown in the figure), a cathode head (not shown in the figure), and an electron collection device. The electron collection device includes an electron collector 100, and the electron collector 100 is disposed at a position between the anode target disc and the cathode head; the electron collector 100 has a shell wall 10, and the shell wall 10 includes an inner shell wall 11 and an outer shell wall 12, and at least a part of the inner shell wall 11 is used for collecting backscattered electrons; a sealed chamber 101 is formed by enclosing the shell wall 10, and a non-gaseous phase change medium is disposed in the sealed chamber 101, and the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall 11; when the inner shell wall 11 collects backscattered electrons, the non-gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the inner shell wall 11 to absorb the heat of the inner shell wall 11; when the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall 12, and at least a part of the outer shell wall 12 is used for heat exchange with the gaseous phase change medium.

[0074] In the present application, the electron collector 100 is disposed facing the cathode head, or the electron collector 100 is disposed facing the anode target disc. The electron collector 100 may have only one end open, and the opening is formed by the inner shell wall 11 of the electron collector 100. The inner shell wall 11 is disposed in the vacuum environment of the X-ray tube, and the outer shell wall 12 is disposed in the non-vacuum environment. One end of the opening may be close to the cathode head or close to the anode target disc. The electron collector 100 may also have two ends open, and the two ends open are formed by the inner shell wall 11 of the electron collector 100. The inner shell wall 11 is disposed in the vacuum environment of the X-ray tube and is used for collecting backscattered electrons. The size of the opening at one end may be larger than the size of the opening at the other end. The larger opening of the electron collector 100 may be close to the cathode head or close to the anode target disc.

[0075] It can be understood that when the electron collector 100 is disposed facing the cathode head, the electron collector 100 provides an electric field force for the backscattered electrons through the potential difference formed between the potential of the cathode head and the electron collector 100 to force the backscattered electrons to bombard the inner shell wall 11 of the electron collector 100, which will save the beam segment length of the backscattered electrons; while when the electron collector 100 is disposed facing the anode target disc, the electron collector 100 disposed facing the anode target disc collects the backscattered electrons by surrounding the focus of the anode target disc, which makes the collection ability of the electron collector 100 stronger.

[0076] In summary, for the electron collector 100 of the present application, the non-gaseous phase change medium disposed in the sealed chamber 101 is used for heat exchange with the inner shell wall 11. The non-gaseous phase change medium can take away the heat generated during the collection of backscattered electrons by the inner shell wall 11. During this process, the non-gaseous phase change medium can be vaporized to achieve the purpose of efficiently dissipating heat from the inner shell wall 11. Then, the gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the outer shell wall 12 and dissipate heat. In this way, the circulation of the phase change medium within the shell wall 10 of the electron collector 100 can be realized, so that the heat dissipation flow channel for the coolant to flow on the electron collector 100 is disposed outside. Thus, the structure of the heat dissipation flow channel for supporting the electron collector 100 in the electron collection device can be simplified, and the flow resistance of the coolant passing through the electron collector 100 can be reduced, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation capacity of the electron collection device.

[0077] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope described in this specification.

[0078] Those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. As long as appropriate changes and variations are made to the above embodiments within the scope of the essential spirit of the present invention, they fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. An electron collection device is applied to an X-ray tube, and is characterized in that, The electron collection device includes an electron collector (100), the electron collector (100) having a housing wall (10), the housing wall (10) including an inner housing wall (11) and an outer housing wall (12), at least a part of the inner housing wall (11) being configured to collect backscattered electrons; The housing wall (10) encloses a sealed chamber (101), a non-gaseous phase change medium being disposed within the sealed chamber (101), the non-gaseous phase change medium being in thermal contact with the inner housing wall (11); When the inner housing wall (11) collects the backscattered electrons, the non-gaseous phase change medium is capable of exchanging heat with the inner housing wall (11) to absorb the heat of the inner housing wall (11); when the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer housing wall (12), at least a part of the outer housing wall (12) being configured to exchange heat with the gaseous phase change medium.

2. The electron collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A capillary transport unit (20) is disposed within the sealed chamber (101); Wherein, when the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium reaches the outer housing wall (12) via the capillary transport unit (20), and the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer housing wall (12).

3. The electron collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of the capillary transport units (20) is plural, the plural capillary transport units (20) being independently disposed, and there being at least one reflux gap between the capillary transport units (20).

4. The electron collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first gap is provided between the capillary transport unit (20) and the inner housing wall (11), at least a part of the first gap forming a phase change vaporization region (30), and when the inner housing wall (11) collects backscattered electrons, the phase change medium undergoes a phase change within the phase change vaporization region (30).

5. The electron collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A second gap is provided between the capillary transport unit (20) and the outer housing wall (12), at least a part of the second gap forming a condensation region (40), and when the outer housing wall (12) exchanges heat with the gaseous phase change medium, the gaseous phase change medium is capable of becoming the non-gaseous phase change medium within the condensation region (40).

6. The electron collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing wall (10) further includes a peripheral housing wall (13), the inner housing wall (11) and the outer housing wall (12) being connected by the peripheral housing wall (13); A third gap is provided between the capillary transport unit (20) and the peripheral housing wall (13), at least a part of the third gap forming a reflux region (50), enabling the non-gaseous phase change medium that has become such to reflux through the reflux region (50).

7. The electron collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electron collection device further includes heat dissipation fins (110), the heat dissipation fins (110) being disposed on at least a part of the outer housing wall (12) of the electron collector (100), the heat dissipation fins (110) exchanging heat with the gaseous phase change medium through the outer housing wall (12); Wherein, the heat dissipation fins (110) are capable of exchanging heat with the coolant of the X-ray tube.

8. The electron collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change medium includes a fluorinated liquid.

9. A heat dissipation method for an electron collection device, characterized in that, The electron collection device includes an electron collector (100), and the heat dissipation method includes; When the inner shell wall (11) of the electron collector (100) collects backscattered electrons, a non-gaseous phase change medium within the sealed chamber (101) formed by enclosing with the shell wall (10) exchanges heat with the inner shell wall (11), wherein the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall (11). When the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall (12) of the electron collector (100), causing the gaseous phase change medium to exchange heat with at least a portion of the outer shell wall (12).

10. The heat dissipation method for an electron collection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heat dissipation method further includes: When the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium reaches the outer shell wall (12) through the capillary transport unit (20).

11. The heat dissipation method for an electron collection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heat dissipation method further includes: After the gaseous phase change medium exchanges heat with at least a portion of the outer shell wall (12) and becomes a non-gaseous phase change medium, the non-gaseous phase change medium flows back and comes into thermal contact with the inner shell wall (11) again.

12. The heat dissipation method for an electron collection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heat dissipation method further includes: When the gaseous phase change medium exchanges heat with at least a portion of the outer shell wall (12), the outer shell wall (12) exchanges heat with the coolant of the X-ray tube through heat dissipation fins (110) provided on the outer shell wall (12), wherein at least a portion of the heat dissipation fins (110) is immersed in the coolant.

13. The heat dissipation method for an electron collection device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The heat dissipation method further includes: By controlling the flow rate of the coolant in the X-ray tube, the heat exchange efficiency between the gaseous phase change medium and the outer shell wall (12) is controlled.

14. An X-ray tube, characterized in that, Comprising an anode target disc, a cathode head, and an electron collection device, the electron collection device includes an electron collector (100), and the electron collector (100) is disposed at a position between the anode target disc and the cathode head; the electron collector (100) has a shell wall (10), the shell wall (10) includes an inner shell wall (11) and an outer shell wall (12), and at least a portion of the inner shell wall (11) is used for collecting backscattered electrons. The shell wall (10) encloses to form a sealed chamber (101), and a non-gaseous phase change medium is disposed within the sealed chamber (101), and the non-gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the inner shell wall (11). When the inner shell wall (11) collects the backscattered electrons, the non-gaseous phase change medium can exchange heat with the inner shell wall (11) to absorb the heat of the inner shell wall (11); when the non-gaseous phase change medium vaporizes, the gaseous phase change medium is in thermal contact with the outer shell wall (12), and at least a portion of the outer shell wall (12) is used for exchanging heat with the gaseous phase change medium.

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