Wind and light storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage and optimal scheduling method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power generation and energy storage of a power system, and discloses a wind-solar-energy-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage and an optimal scheduling method. The system comprises a wind power plant, a photovoltaic power station, a storage battery energy storage power station, a waste mine pumped storage power station, an inverter and a related contact device, the wind power plant and the photovoltaic power station convert wind energy and solar energy into electric energy, after the electric energy is converted into alternating current through an inverter, the alternating current and electric energy of the storage battery energy storage power station and the abandoned mine pumped storage power station are connected into a power grid through a bus, a transformer and other devices, and an external power grid serves as a standby power source. And an intelligent monitoring and management unit is also configured and is used for monitoring the operation states of the power generation units and the energy storage units in real time and carrying out data analysis and prediction so as to provide a decision basis for optimal scheduling. The storage battery energy storage power station in the system is used as power type energy storage and has the advantages of being high in response speed and high in power density.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system generation and energy storage, and particularly relates to a wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage and an optimal scheduling method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of the global demand for clean energy, the proportion of renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy in power supply has gradually increased. However, wind energy and solar energy have significant randomness and volatility, and their power generation is greatly affected by natural conditions such as wind speed and light intensity, which brings great challenges to the stable operation of the power grid. For example, when the wind speed suddenly changes or the sunlight is blocked by clouds, the output power of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations will change sharply, which may lead to problems such as power grid voltage fluctuations and frequency instability.

[0003] To alleviate these problems, energy storage technology has been introduced into the wind-solar power generation system. Traditional single energy storage methods, such as battery energy storage, although have a fast response speed, but have disadvantages such as limited capacity, high cost and short life; pumped-storage energy storage, although has the advantages of large capacity, low cost and long discharge duration, is significantly limited by geographical location. There are a large number of abandoned mines in our country, and their rich underground space and water resources provide the possibility for the transformation of small pumped-storage power stations. Combining power-type energy storage (such as batteries) with energy-type energy storage (such as abandoned mine pumped-storage) to form hybrid energy storage can integrate the advantages of both and improve the sustainability and reliability of power supply. However, the current research on the optimal scheduling of this hybrid energy storage and wind-solar power generation combined system still needs to be improved.

[0004] The existing related technologies have deficiencies in dealing with the uncertainty of wind-solar power generation and the efficient utilization of energy storage systems. Some studies only focus on the optimal configuration of energy storage capacity and ignore the coordinated scheduling strategies between different energy storage devices; there are also some studies that do not fully consider various constraints in actual operation when establishing the optimal scheduling model, resulting in limited practicality of the model. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a combined power generation system and an optimal scheduling method that can effectively integrate the advantages of wind-solar resources and hybrid energy storage and realize the economic and reliable operation of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage of the present invention mainly consists of a wind farm, a photovoltaic power station, a battery energy storage power station, an abandoned mine pumped-storage power station, an inverter and related connection devices. The wind farm and the photovoltaic power station are responsible for converting wind energy and solar energy into electrical energy. The output direct current is converted into alternating current by the inverter and then, together with the electrical energy of the battery energy storage power station and the abandoned mine pumped-storage power station, is connected to the power grid through devices such as busbars and transformers. At the same time, the system uses the external power grid as a backup power source to ensure the stability of power supply.

[0006] In the system, the battery energy storage power station, as a power-type energy storage, features a fast response speed and high power density, and is mainly used to suppress the short-term fluctuations of the power generated by wind and solar power when connected to the grid; the abandoned mine pumped storage power station, as an energy-type energy storage, with its advantages of large capacity and long discharge duration, is used to compensate for the intermittency of the output of wind and solar power. The two work together to achieve the dual balance of energy and power within the system. In addition, the system is also equipped with an intelligent monitoring and management unit, which monitors the operating status of each power generation unit and energy storage unit in real time, including parameters such as power output, energy storage capacity, and equipment temperature, and conducts data analysis and prediction based on the monitored data to provide a decision-making basis for optimized scheduling.

[0007] Specifically, on the one hand, the present invention provides a wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage, including a wind farm, a photovoltaic power station, a battery energy storage power station, an abandoned mine pumped storage power station, an inverter, and related connection devices; the wind farm and the photovoltaic power station convert wind energy and solar energy into electrical energy, which is converted into alternating current by the inverter and then, together with the electrical energy of the battery energy storage power station and the abandoned mine pumped storage power station, is connected to the grid through devices such as busbars and transformers, and the external grid serves as a backup power source; an intelligent monitoring and management unit is also configured to monitor the operating status of each power generation unit and energy storage unit in real time and conduct data analysis and prediction to provide a decision-making basis for optimized scheduling.

[0008] Preferably, the output power model of the wind farm is:

[0009]

[0010] where P wt is the output power (MW) of the wind farm, P r is the rated power (MW) of the wind farm, v is the real-time wind speed (m / s), v on , v r , v off are the cut-in wind speed, rated wind speed, and cut-out wind speed (m / s) respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the output power model of the photovoltaic power station is:

[0012]

[0013] where P pv is the output power of the photovoltaic power station, P T is the rated output power of the photovoltaic power station under standard conditions, R T is the actual solar radiation intensity (W / h), R STC is the solar radiation intensity under standard test conditions, k is the power temperature coefficient, T C is the actual working temperature (°C), T STC is the working temperature under standard test conditions.

[0014] Preferably, the output model of the battery energy storage power station includes charging and discharging states:

[0015] During charging: During discharging: Where S SOC(t) is the state of charge of the battery energy storage power station at the end of the time period, is the charging and discharging power (MW) of the battery energy storage power station at the time, η1 and η2 are the charging and power generation efficiencies of the battery, and E be is the rated capacity (MW·h) of the battery, and Δt = 1 (the scheduling period is 1h).

[0016] Preferably, the output model of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station includes pumping and power generation conditions:

[0017] During the pumping condition:

[0018] During the power generation condition:

[0019] Where ρ is the water density (1.0×10 3 kg / m 3 ), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8m / s 2 ), ΔQ c is the pump flow rate (m 3 ), ΔQ d is the water flow rate of the water turbine generator set (m 3 ), Δh is the change in the water column height (m), η3 is the charging efficiency, and η4 is the power generation efficiency.

[0020] The second aspect of the present invention provides an optimization scheduling method for the combined power generation system described above, and the method includes the following steps:

[0021] Establish an optimization scheduling model with the lowest total system operating cost as the objective, and the objective function is:

[0022] minF = C OM + C qt + C buy - C sell

[0023] Where F is the total system operating cost (yuan), C OM is the operation and maintenance cost, C qt is the equipment start-stop cost, C buy is the power purchase cost, and C sell is the power sales revenue;

[0024] The expression for the operation and maintenance cost is:

[0025]

[0026] The expression for the start - stop cost of the device is:

[0027] The expression for the electricity purchase cost is:

[0028] The expression for the electricity sales revenue is:

[0029] At the same time, the following constraint conditions are satisfied:

[0030] Power balance constraint:

[0031] Wind and photovoltaic power output constraints:

[0032] Battery operation constraints:

[0033] Charge - discharge power constraints:

[0034] Remaining capacity constraints:

[0035] Abandoned mine pumped - storage power station operation constraints:

[0036] Power constraints:

[0037] Storage capacity constraints:

[0038] Battery charge - discharge cycle constraints:

[0039] Abandoned mine pumped - storage unit start - stop cycle constraints:

[0040] Transmission power constraints of the connection line with the power grid:

[0041] Among them, T is the number of typical intra - day time periods, P load (t) is the load demand power at time t, P TL(t) is the exchange power of the combined power generation system and the power grid connection line at time t, are the maximum predicted power outputs of the wind farm and the photovoltaic power station respectively, is the maximum power of the battery energy storage power station, are the minimum and maximum remaining capacities of the battery energy storage power station respectively, is the minimum power generation of the abandoned mine pumped - storage power station, is the maximum power generation of the abandoned mine pumped - storage power station, is the minimum pumping power, is the maximum pumping power, is the minimum volume of the upper reservoir of the abandoned mine pumped-storage power station (m 3 ), is the maximum volume of the upper reservoir, is the minimum volume of the lower reservoir, is the maximum volume of the lower reservoir, N be is the maximum number of charge-discharge conversions restricting the battery, N ps is the maximum number of starts and stops restricting the abandoned mine pumped-storage unit, is the maximum power allowed to be exchanged by the system's connection line with the power grid;

[0042] The combined entropy weight rank sum ratio method is used to evaluate the optimal dispatching results, specifically including:

[0043] Data standardization processing for positive indicators:

[0044] Data standardization processing for negative indicators:

[0045] Calculate the proportion matrix of the i-th model under the j-th indicator:

[0046] Calculate the entropy value of the j-th indicator:

[0047] Calculate the entropy weight (i.e., weight) of the j-th indicator:

[0048] Perform consistency processing and ranking on the indicators to obtain the rank matrix

[0049] Calculate the weighted R RSR of each evaluation object:

[0050] By comparing the magnitudes of wR RSR , comprehensively rank and evaluate different models;

[0051] Using the above optimal dispatching model and evaluation method, optimize the dispatching of the combined power generation system to achieve the economic and reliable operation of the system.

[0052] Preferably, the dispatching strategy of the combined power generation system is as follows:

[0053] When the wind and photovoltaic power generation supply is greater than the load demand, use the battery energy storage power station and the abandoned mine pumped-storage power station to store the excess electric energy. If there is still surplus after the hybrid energy storage system reaches its rated capacity, sell it to the power grid. The power sold to the power grid at time t is:

[0054] P sell (t) = P pv (t) + Pwt (t)-P ps (t)-P be (t)-P load (t)

[0055] When the wind power and photovoltaic power generation are not sufficient to meet the load demand, the energy storage system is selected to discharge or power is purchased from the power grid based on time-of-use electricity prices; when the electricity price is at the peak time (c(t) ≥ c h ), first, the battery energy storage power station and the pumped-storage power station in abandoned mines are selected to discharge. If the load demand still cannot be met after discharging, power is purchased from the power grid to supply the load; when the electricity price is at the valley or flat time (c(t) < c h ), power is directly purchased from the power grid, and the electricity stored in the hybrid energy storage is reserved as backup power for the next moment;

[0056] At peak-time electricity prices, the power expression for purchasing electricity from the power grid at time t is:

[0057] P buy (t) = P load (t) - [P pv (t) + P wt (t) + P ps (t) + P bc (t)]

[0058] At valley and flat electricity prices, the power expression for purchasing electricity from the power grid at time t is:

[0059] P buy (t) = P load (t) - [P pv (t) + P wt (t)]

[0060] Among them, c(t) is the electricity price at time t, and c h is the peak-time electricity price. Specific implementation manners

[0061] The following details the specific implementation manners of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific implementation manners described herein are only for explaining and illustrating the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0062] The wind-solar-storage integrated power generation system based on hybrid energy storage described in the present invention includes a wind farm, a photovoltaic power station, a battery energy storage power station, an abandoned mine pumped storage power station, an inverter, and related connection devices; the wind farm and the photovoltaic power station convert wind energy and solar energy into electrical energy, and after being converted into alternating current by the inverter, together with the electrical energy of the battery energy storage power station and the abandoned mine pumped storage power station, are connected to the power grid through devices such as busbars and transformers, and the external power grid serves as a backup power source; an intelligent monitoring and management unit is also configured to monitor the operating status of each power generation unit and energy storage unit in real time, and perform data analysis and prediction to provide a decision-making basis for optimized scheduling.

[0063] In some embodiments, the output power model of the wind farm is:

[0064]

[0065] Wherein, P wt is the output power (MW) of the wind farm, P r is the rated power (MW) of the wind farm, v is the real-time wind speed (m / s), v on , v r , v off are the cut-in wind speed, rated wind speed and cut-out wind speed (m / s) respectively.

[0066] In some embodiments, the output power model of the photovoltaic power station is:

[0067]

[0068] Wherein, P pv is the output power of the photovoltaic power station, P T is the rated output power of the photovoltaic power station under standard conditions, R T is the actual solar radiation intensity (W / h), R STC is the solar radiation intensity under standard test conditions, k is the power temperature coefficient, T C is the actual working temperature (°C), T STC is the working temperature under standard test conditions.

[0069] In some embodiments, the output power model of the battery energy storage power station includes charging and discharging states:

[0070] During charging:

[0071] During discharging:

[0072] Wherein, S SOC(t) is the state of charge of the battery energy storage power station at the end of the moment, is the charging and discharging power (MW) of the battery energy storage power station at a certain moment, η1 and η2 are the charging and power generation efficiencies of the battery, and E be is the rated capacity (MW·h) of the battery, and Δt = 1 (the scheduling period is 1 h).

[0073] In some embodiments, the output model of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station includes pumping and power generation conditions:

[0074] During the pumping condition:

[0075] During the power generation condition:

[0076] Among them, ρ is the water density (1.0×10 3 kg / m 3 ), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m / s 2 ), ΔQ c is the pump flow rate (m 3 ), ΔQ d is the water flow rate of the hydro-generator set (m 3 ), Δh is the change in the water column height (m), η3 is the charging efficiency, and η4 is the power generation efficiency.

[0077] The present invention also provides an optimal scheduling method for the combined power generation system described above. The method includes the following steps:

[0078] Establish an optimal scheduling model with the lowest total operating cost of the system as the goal. The objective function is:

[0079] minF = C OM + C qt + C buy - C sell

[0080] Among them, F is the total operating cost of the system (yuan), C OM is the operation and maintenance cost, C qt is the equipment start-stop cost, C buy is the power purchase cost, C sell is the power selling income;

[0081] The expression of the operation and maintenance cost is:

[0082]

[0083] The expression of the equipment start-stop cost is:

[0084] The expression of the power purchase cost is:

[0085] The expression of the power selling income is:

[0086] Meet the following constraints simultaneously:

[0087] Power balance constraint:

[0088] Wind and solar power output constraint:

[0089] Battery operation constraint:

[0090] Charge and discharge power constraint:

[0091] Remaining capacity constraint:

[0092] Abandoned mine pumped storage power station operation constraint:

[0093] Power constraint:

[0094] Storage capacity constraint:

[0095] Battery charge and discharge cycle constraint:

[0096] Abandoned mine pumped storage unit start-stop cycle constraint:

[0097] Transmission power constraint of the connection line with the power grid:

[0098] Among them, T is the number of typical intra-day time periods, P load (t) is the load demand power at time t, P TL(t) is the exchange power of the combined power generation system and the power grid connection line at time t, are the maximum predicted power outputs of the wind farm and the photovoltaic power station respectively, is the maximum power of the battery energy storage power station, are the minimum and maximum remaining capacities of the battery energy storage power station respectively, is the minimum power generation of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station, is the maximum power generation of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station, is the minimum pumping power, is the maximum pumping power, is the minimum volume of the upper reservoir of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station (m 3 ), is the maximum volume of the upper reservoir, is the minimum volume of the lower reservoir, is the maximum volume of the lower reservoir, N be is the maximum number of times to limit the battery charge and discharge conversion, N psTo limit the maximum number of start - stops of the pumped - storage unit in abandoned mines, is the maximum power that the connection line between the system and the power grid allows to be exchanged;

[0099] The combined entropy - weight rank - sum ratio method is used to evaluate the optimal dispatching results, specifically including:

[0100] Data standardization for positive indicators:

[0101] Data standardization for negative indicators:

[0102] Calculate the proportion matrix of the \(i\) - th model under the \(j\) - th indicator:

[0103] Calculate the entropy value of the \(j\) - th indicator:

[0104] Calculate the entropy weight (i.e., weight) of the \(j\) - th indicator:

[0105] Carry out consistency processing and ranking on the indicators to obtain the rank matrix

[0106] Calculate the weighted \(R\) of each evaluation object RSR :

[0107] By comparing the magnitudes of \(wR\) RSR carry out comprehensive ranking and evaluation on different models;

[0108] Using the above - mentioned optimal dispatching model and evaluation method, optimize the dispatching of the combined power generation system to achieve the economic and reliable operation of the system.

[0109] In some embodiments, the dispatching strategy of the combined power generation system is as follows:

[0110] When the wind and photovoltaic power generation supply is greater than the load demand, use the battery energy storage power station and the abandoned - mine pumped - storage power station to store the excess electric energy. If there is still a surplus after the hybrid energy storage system reaches its rated capacity, sell it to the power grid. The power sold to the power grid at time \(t\) is:

[0111] \(P\) sell (t) = \(P\) pb (t)+ \(P\) wt (t)- \(P\) ps (t)- \(P\) be (t)- \(P\) load (t)

[0112] When the wind and photovoltaic power generation are insufficient to meet the load demand, based on the time - of - use electricity price, select the energy storage system to discharge or purchase electricity from the power grid; when the electricity price is at the peak time (\(c(t)\geq c\) h) When the demand is high, the battery energy storage power station and the abandoned mine pumped storage power station are selected for discharging first. If the load demand still cannot be met after discharging, power is purchased from the power grid to supply the load; during valley and flat electricity prices (c(t) < c h ), power is directly purchased from the power grid, and the electricity stored in the hybrid energy storage is reserved as backup power for the next moment;

[0113] During peak electricity price, the power expression for purchasing power from the power grid at time t is:

[0114] P buy (t) = P load (t) - [P pv (t) + P wt (t) + P ps (t) + P bc (t)]

[0115] During valley and flat electricity prices, the power expression for purchasing power from the power grid at time t is:

[0116] P buy (t) = P load (t)[P pv (t) + P wt (t)]

[0117] Among them, c(t) is the electricity price at time t, and c h is the peak electricity price.

[0118] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept scope of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including any other suitable combination of each technical feature. These simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage, characterized in that: It includes wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, battery energy storage power stations, abandoned mine pumped storage power stations, inverters and related communication devices; the wind farms and photovoltaic power stations convert wind energy and solar energy into electrical energy, which is converted into alternating current by inverters, and then connected to the power grid through busbars, transformers and other devices together with the electric energy of battery energy storage power stations and abandoned mine pumped storage power stations, with the external power grid serving as a backup power source; it is also equipped with an intelligent monitoring and management unit for real-time monitoring of the operating status of each power generation unit and energy storage unit, and for data analysis and prediction, to provide a decision-making basis for optimized scheduling.

2. The wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wind farm output model is: Among them, P wt is the output power of the wind farm (MW), P r is the rated power of the wind farm (MW), v is the real-time wind speed (m / s), v on 、v r 、v off They are starting wind speed, rated wind speed and shutdown wind speed (m / s) respectively.

3. The wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The output model of the photovoltaic power station is: Among them, P pv is the output power of the photovoltaic power station, P T is the rated output power of the photovoltaic power station under standard conditions, R T is the actual solar radiation intensity (W / h), R STC is the solar radiation intensity under standard test conditions, k is the power temperature coefficient, T C is the actual working temperature (℃), T STC It is the operating temperature under standard test conditions.

4. The wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The output model of the battery energy storage power station includes charging and discharging states: When charging: When discharging: Among them, S SOC(t) is the charge state of the battery energy storage power station at the end of time, is the charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage station at time (MW), η1 and η2 are the charging and power generation efficiency of the battery, and E be is the rated capacity of the battery (MW·h), Δt=1 (the scheduling period is 1h).

5. The wind-solar-storage combined power generation system based on hybrid energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The output model of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station includes pumping and power generation conditions: During pumping operation: During power generation: Where ρ is the water density (1.0×10 3 kg / m 3 ), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m / s 2 ), ΔQ c is the pump flow rate (m 3 ), ΔQ d is the water flow rate of the turbine generator set (m 3 ), Δh is the change in water column height (m), η3 is the charging efficiency, and η4 is the power generation efficiency.

6. An optimization scheduling method based on the combined power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: An optimal scheduling model is established with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the system. The objective function is: minF-C OM +C qt +C buy -C sell Among them, F is the total operating cost of the system (yuan), C OM is the operation and maintenance cost, C qt is the equipment start-up and shutdown cost, C buy is the electricity purchase cost, C sell For the revenue from electricity sales; The operation and maintenance cost expression is: The equipment start-stop cost expression is: The expression of electricity purchase cost is: The revenue expression of electricity sales is: At the same time, the following constraints are met: Power balance constraints: Wind and solar power output constraints: Battery operation constraints: Charge and discharge power constraints: Remaining capacity constraint: Operation constraints of abandoned mine pumped storage power stations: Power Constraints: Storage capacity constraints: Battery charge and discharge times constraints: Constraints on the start and stop times of pumped storage units in abandoned mines: Transmission power constraints of the tie line between the power grid and the power grid: Where T is the number of time periods in a typical day, P load (t) is the load power demand at the moment, P TL(t) To exchange power between the joint power generation system and the grid tie line at all times, are the maximum predicted outputs of wind farms and photovoltaic power stations, is the maximum power of the battery energy storage power station, are the minimum and maximum remaining capacities of the battery energy storage power station, is the minimum power generation capacity of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station, is the maximum power generation capacity of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station, is the minimum pumping power, is the maximum pumping power, is the minimum volume of the upper reservoir of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station (m 3 ), is the maximum volume of the upper reservoir, is the minimum volume of the lower reservoir, is the maximum volume of the lower reservoir, N be To limit the maximum number of battery charge and discharge conversions, N ps In order to limit the maximum number of starts and stops of abandoned mine pumped storage units, The maximum power allowed to be exchanged between the system and the grid tie line; The combined entropy weight rank sum ratio method is used to evaluate the optimization scheduling results, including: Positive indicators of data standardization: Data standardization processes negative indicators: Calculate the weight matrix of the model under the index: Calculate the entropy value of the index: Calculate the entropy weight (i.e. weight) of the index: The indicators are uniformly processed and ranked to obtain the rank matrix Calculate the weighted R of each evaluation object RSR : By comparing wR RSR The size of different models is comprehensively ranked and evaluated; The above-mentioned optimization scheduling model and evaluation method are used to optimize the scheduling of the combined power generation system to achieve economical and reliable operation of the system.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The combined power generation system dispatching strategy is as follows: When the supply of wind and photovoltaic power generation exceeds the load demand, the battery energy storage power station and the abandoned mine pumped storage power station are used to store excess electricity. If there is still surplus after the hybrid energy storage system reaches the rated capacity, it will be sold to the power grid. The power sold to the power grid at time t is: P sell (t)=P pv (t)+P wt (t)-P ps (t)-P be (t)-P load (t) When wind and photovoltaic power generation are insufficient to meet load demand, the energy storage system is selected to discharge or purchase electricity from the grid based on the time-of-use electricity price; when the peak electricity price (c(t) ≥ c h ), the battery energy storage power station and abandoned mine pumped storage power station are first selected for discharge. If the load demand cannot be met after discharge, electricity is purchased from the power grid to supply the load; valley and flat electricity prices (c(t)<c h ) when the power is directly purchased from the grid, and the power stored in the hybrid energy storage is retained as backup power for the next moment; When the peak electricity price is used, the power expression for purchasing electricity from the power grid at any time is: P buy (t)=P load (t)-[P pv (t)+P wt (t)+P ps (t)+P bc (t)] When the electricity price is valley or flat, the power expression of electricity purchased from the grid at time t is: P buy (t)=P load (t)-[P pv (t)+P wt (t)] Among them, c(t) is the electricity price at time t, c h Peak electricity price.

Images