Vetiveria zizanioides substrate for culturing edible mushrooms for producing shiitake mushrooms by using grass instead of wood

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a vetiver grass substrate for culturing edible mushrooms for producing shiitake mushrooms by using grass instead of wood, which comprises the following components: vetiver grass as a main substrate material; the nutrition additive comprises a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source and a potassium source, the nitrogen source is urea, the phosphorus source is monopotassium phosphate, and the potassium source is potassium sulfate; the antioxidant selects vitamin C and is used for preventing the matrix from oxidative deterioration in the culture process; and the bioactive substance selects a plant growth regulator and is used for promoting growth and differentiation of mushroom hyphae. According to the method, the vetiver grass is moderately pretreated, the particle size of the vetiver grass is controlled to be 1-3 mm, the length of the vetiver grass is controlled to be 2-5 cm, the physical structure of the substrate is remarkably improved, the air permeability and the water retention property are improved, meanwhile, sodium alginate is added as a humectant, the water content of the substrate is controlled to be 65%, and the water retention capacity of the substrate is further enhanced; and a stable humidity environment is provided for the growth of mushroom hyphae.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and particularly to a vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing shiitake mushrooms by substituting wood with grass. Background Art

[0002] In traditional shiitake mushroom cultivation, wood (such as broad-leaved tree sawdust) is the main matrix material. However, with the decreasing forest resources and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, relying too much on wood as the cultivation matrix is no longer sustainable. In addition, the preparation cost of the wood matrix is relatively high, and its decomposition rate is slow, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production. To solve this problem, researchers have begun to explore the possibility of using agricultural waste (such as straw, rice straw, etc.) to replace wood as the shiitake mushroom cultivation matrix. However, there are differences in the physical structure, nutrient composition, and microbial environment between agricultural waste and wood, and direct use often leads to problems such as slow growth of shiitake mushroom mycelium, low yield, and poor quality.

[0003] After retrieval, it is found that when using agricultural waste as the matrix in the prior art, the following technical problems exist: 1. It is difficult to uniformly control the particle size and shape of agricultural waste, resulting in poor air permeability and water retention of the matrix, which affects the growth and differentiation of mycelium.

[0004] 2. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of agricultural waste is usually high, lacking key nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for the growth of shiitake mushrooms, resulting in slow growth of mycelium and low yield. Moreover, agricultural waste may contain a large number of harmful microorganisms that compete with shiitake mushroom mycelium for nutrients and even inhibit the growth of mycelium.

[0005] 3. During the cultivation process, the organic matter in the matrix is prone to oxidation reaction, resulting in the loss of nutrient components and affecting the growth environment of shiitake mushrooms. In addition, the water retention capacity of agricultural waste is poor, making it difficult to maintain the humidity required during the cultivation process, resulting in limited growth of mycelium. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To make up for the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing shiitake mushrooms by substituting wood with grass, aiming to solve the problems of "poor air permeability and water retention of the matrix and limited growth of mycelium" mentioned in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing shiitake mushrooms by substituting wood with grass, comprising the following components: Vetiver, as the main matrix material; Nutritional additives, including a nitrogen source, a phosphorus source, and a potassium source, wherein the nitrogen source is urea, the phosphorus source is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium source is potassium sulfate; Antioxidant, selecting vitamin C, for preventing the matrix from oxidizing and deteriorating during the cultivation process; Bioactive substances, selecting plant growth regulators, are used to promote the growth and differentiation of Lentinula edodes mycelium; Antibacterial agents, selecting chloramphenicol, are used to inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the substrate; pH regulators, selecting calcium carbonate, are used to adjust the pH value of the substrate to 6.0 - 7.0 to provide the optimal acid-base environment for the growth of Lentinula edodes; Humectants, selecting sodium alginate, are used to enhance the water retention capacity of the substrate and maintain the humidity during the cultivation process; Microbial inoculants, selecting Bacillus subtilis, are used to promote the decomposition of Vetiveria zizanioides and the growth of Lentinula edodes.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The source of the Vetiveria zizanioides is agricultural waste, including but not limited to the residues after farmland harvesting and the waste after garden pruning. The addition ratios of the nutrient additives are as follows: urea is 1% - 3% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.5% - 1.5% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, potassium sulfate is 0.5% - 1.5% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, the addition amount of the antioxidant is 0.1% - 0.3% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, the addition amount of the bioactive substance is 0.01% - 0.05% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, the addition amount of the antibacterial agent is 0.01% - 0.03% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, the addition amount of the pH regulator is 0.5% - 1.0% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, the addition amount of the humectant is 0.2% - 0.5% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides, and the addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 0.05% - 0.1% of the dry weight of Vetiveria zizanioides.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: A preparation method of a Vetiveria zizanioides substrate for cultivating edible fungi for producing Lentinula edodes with grass replacing wood includes the following steps: S1: Pretreat Vetiveria zizanioides The pretreatment includes cutting, crushing and soaking; S2: Mix nutrient additives Mix the pretreated Vetiveria zizanioides with nutrient additives, and the nutrient additives include nitrogen source, phosphorus source and potassium source; S3: Sterilization treatment Perform sterilization treatment on the mixed materials, the sterilization temperature is 121 °C, and the time is 30 minutes; S4: Add antioxidant and antibacterial agent Add antioxidant and antibacterial agent during the sterilization process; S5: Inoculate Lentinula edodes strains Inoculate the sterilized materials with Lentinula edodes strains and conduct cultivation; S6: Spray nutrient solution During the cultivation process, nutrient solution is sprayed regularly. The nutrient solution includes glucose, amino acids, and trace elements. Among them, the concentration of glucose is 1% - 3%, the concentration of amino acids is 0.1% - 0.5%, and the concentration of trace elements is 0.01% - 0.05%. Carbon dioxide is introduced regularly to promote the growth of Lentinula edodes mycelium. In addition, during the cultivation process, an LED light source is used for light regulation, and the light wavelength is 450 - 660 nm to optimize the growth of Lentinula edodes.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: In S1, the vetiver is cut into segments with a length of 2 - 5 cm, crushed to a particle size of 1 - 3 mm, soaked for 12 - 24 hours, and its water content is controlled at 50% - 70%. The inoculation amount of the Lentinula edodes strain is 5% - 10% of the dry weight of the vetiver. The cultivation conditions are set as the temperature is 20 - 25°C, the humidity is 80% - 90%, the light intensity is 500 - 1000 lux, and the cultivation time is 30 - 45 days.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: The introduction amount of carbon dioxide is 0.5% - 1.0% of the cultivation space, and the light time of the LED light source is 12 - 16 hours per day.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: In addition, sound waves are used during the cultivation, and the sound wave frequency range is 20 - 200 Hz, and the sound pressure level is 50 - 70 dB. The sound waves are evenly propagated through the cultivation space, stimulating the mechanoreceptors of Lentinula edodes mycelium cells, activating the signal transduction pathway in the cells, and promoting the differentiation and growth of the mycelium.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: The sound wave device uses a small sound wave generator, including but not limited to piezoelectric transducers, which are evenly distributed in the cultivation space to ensure that the sound waves can cover the entire cultivation area. And the small sound wave generator adjusts the frequency and intensity through an intelligent control system and dynamically adjusts the sound wave parameters according to the cultivation stage.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, through moderate pretreatment of vetiver grass, its particle size is controlled within 1 - 3 mm and its length within 2 - 5 cm, significantly improving the physical structure of the substrate, enhancing air permeability and water retention. At the same time, sodium alginate is added as a moisturizer to control the water content of the substrate at 65%, further enhancing the water retention capacity of the substrate and providing a stable humidity environment for the growth of Lentinula edodes mycelium. Experimental results show that after adopting the above measures, the growth rate of mycelium increases from 2.5 mm / day in the control group to 4.6 mm / day, and the yield of Lentinula edodes increases from 9.0 g / 100g of substrate to 19.5 g / 100g of substrate, effectively solving the problems of unreasonable substrate structure and insufficient moisture retention performance.

[0015] 2. In the present invention, by adding Bacillus subtilis as a microbial inoculant, the decomposition of vetiver grass is effectively promoted, and the release rate of available nutrients in the substrate is increased. In addition, the ratio of nutrient additives further optimizes the carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrient balance of the substrate, providing sufficient key nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for the growth of Lentinula edodes mycelium. And experimental results show that when the addition amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.075%, the decomposition rate of vetiver grass increases from 60% in the control group to 90%, and the yield of Lentinula edodes increases from 12.0 g / 100g of substrate to 20.0 g / 100g of substrate, effectively solving the problems of unbalanced nutrient components and complex microbial environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a detailed process schematic diagram of the method in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Referring to Figure 1 , an embodiment provided by the present invention: An edible mushroom cultivation vetiver grass substrate for producing Lentinula edodes with grass substituting for wood, comprising the following components: Vetiver grass, as the main substrate material. Specifically, the source of vetiver grass is agricultural waste, including but not limited to residues after farmland harvesting and waste after garden pruning. As the main component of the substrate, vetiver grass has a wide source and is environmentally friendly. Utilizing agricultural waste not only reduces costs but also realizes the recycling of resources; Nutritional additives, including nitrogen source, phosphorus source and potassium source, where the nitrogen source is urea, the phosphorus source is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium source is potassium sulfate. Specifically, the urea is 1% - 3% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.5% - 1.5% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, and the potassium sulfate is 0.5% - 1.5% of the dry weight of vetiver grass. By adding nutritional additives, essential nutrient elements are provided for the growth of Lentinula edodes; Antioxidant, vitamin C is selected. Specifically, the addition amount of the antioxidant is 0.1% - 0.3% of the dry weight of vetiver grass. As an antioxidant, vitamin C can effectively prevent the substrate from deteriorating due to oxidation during cultivation, ensuring the stability of the substrate and the growth environment of Lentinula edodes; Bioactive substance, a plant growth regulator is selected, which is used to promote the growth and differentiation of Lentinula edodes mycelium. Specifically, the addition amount of the bioactive substance is 0.01% - 0.05% of the dry weight of vetiver grass; Antibacterial agent, chloramphenicol is selected, which is used to inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the substrate. Specifically, the addition amount of the antibacterial agent is 0.01% - 0.03% of the dry weight of vetiver grass; pH regulator, calcium carbonate is selected, which is used to adjust the pH value of the substrate to 6.0 - 7.0 to provide the optimal acid-base environment for the growth of Lentinula edodes. Specifically, the addition amount of the pH regulator is 0.5% - 1.0% of the dry weight of vetiver grass; Humectant, sodium alginate is selected, which is used to enhance the water retention capacity of the substrate and maintain the humidity during cultivation. Specifically, the addition amount of the humectant is 0.2% - 0.5% of the dry weight of vetiver grass; Microbial inoculant, Bacillus subtilis is selected, which is used to promote the decomposition of vetiver grass and the growth of Lentinula edodes. Specifically, the addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 0.05% - 0.1% of the dry weight of vetiver grass.

[0019] In addition, this embodiment also provides a preparation method of a vetiver grass substrate for cultivating edible fungi for producing Lentinula edodes with grass instead of wood, including the following steps: S1: Pretreat vetiver grass The pretreatment includes cutting, crushing and soaking. Specifically, the vetiver grass is cut into segments with a length of 2 - 5 cm, crushed to a particle size of 1 - 3 mm, soaked for 12 - 24 hours, and its water content is controlled at 50% - 70%. Through cutting, crushing and soaking, the physical structure of vetiver grass is optimized, facilitating subsequent mixing and sterilization treatments, and at the same time controlling the water content to provide a suitable environment for subsequent cultivation; S2: Mix nutritional additives Mix the pretreated vetiver grass with nutritional additives. The nutritional additives include nitrogen source, phosphorus source and potassium source. By mixing the nutritional additives and vetiver grass evenly, it is ensured that Lentinula edodes mycelium can fully absorb the required nutrient elements; S3: Sterilization treatment Sterilize the mixed materials at a temperature of 121°C for 30 minutes. The sterilization process can effectively kill harmful microorganisms in the substrate, providing a sterile environment for the inoculation of Lentinula edodes strains. S4: Add antioxidants and antibacterial agents Add antioxidants and antibacterial agents during the sterilization process. The addition of antioxidants and antibacterial agents can further protect the substrate from oxidation and microbial contamination, ensuring the stability of Lentinula edodes growth. S5: Inoculate Lentinula edodes strains Inoculate the sterilized materials with Lentinula edodes strains and conduct cultivation. Specifically, the inoculation amount of Lentinula edodes strains is 5% - 10% of the dry weight of vetiver grass. Additionally, the cultivation conditions are set as follows: the temperature is 20 - 25°C, the humidity is 80% - 90%, the light intensity is 500 - 1000 lux, and the cultivation time is 30 - 45 days. Moreover, sound waves are used during cultivation, and the sound wave frequency range is 20 - 200 Hz, and the sound pressure level is 50 - 70 dB. The sound waves are evenly propagated through the cultivation space, stimulating the mechanoreceptors of Lentinula edodes hyphal cells, activating the intracellular signal transduction pathway, and promoting the differentiation and growth of hyphae. Further explanation: The sound wave device uses a small sound wave generator, including but not limited to piezoelectric transducers, which are evenly distributed in the cultivation space to ensure that the sound waves can cover the entire cultivation area. And the small sound wave generator adjusts the frequency and intensity through an intelligent control system and dynamically adjusts the sound wave parameters according to the cultivation stage, such as the hyphal expansion stage and the differentiation stage. S6: Spray nutrient solution Regularly spray nutrient solution during cultivation. The nutrient solution includes glucose, amino acids, and trace elements. Among them, the concentration of glucose is 1% - 3%, the concentration of amino acids is 0.1% - 0.5%, and the concentration of trace elements is 0.01% - 0.05%. Regularly introduce carbon dioxide to promote the growth of Lentinula edodes hyphae. Specifically, the amount of carbon dioxide introduced is 0.5% - 1.0% of the cultivation space. Additionally, use an LED light source for light regulation during cultivation. The light time of the LED light source is 12 - 16 hours per day, and the light wavelength is 450 - 660 nm to optimize the growth of Lentinula edodes.

[0020] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example conducts an experiment on the effect of different vetiver grass pretreatment methods on the growth of Lentinula edodes. Specifically, set experimental group A: the cutting length of vetiver grass is 2 cm, the crushing particle size is 1 mm, and soak for 12 hours; experimental group B: the cutting length of vetiver grass is 3 cm, the crushing particle size is 2 mm, and soak for 18 hours; experimental group C: the cutting length of vetiver grass is 5 cm, the crushing particle size is 3 mm, and soak for 24 hours, while the control group selects vetiver grass substrate without pretreatment.

[0021] The preparation method uses the preparation method of Example 1 to process vetiver grass and inoculates it with Lentinula edodes strains. In the cultivation conditions, specifically, the temperature is set at 22 °C, the humidity is set at 85%, the light intensity is set at 750 lux, the cultivation time is set at 35 days, and nutrient solution is regularly sprayed. The content is selected as 2% glucose, 0.3% amino acid, 0.03% trace elements, and 0.8% carbon dioxide is introduced.

[0022] The following experimental results are obtained: Conclusion: Group B showed the best mycelial growth rate, Lentinula edodes yield and differentiation rate during the experiment, indicating that a moderate pretreatment method can significantly improve the growth effect of Lentinula edodes; Example 3: Based on Example 1, this example conducts an experiment on the effect of different addition amounts of humectants on the growth of Lentinula edodes. Specifically, experimental group D: sodium alginate 0.2%; experimental group E: sodium alginate 0.35%; and experimental group F: sodium alginate 0.5% are respectively set, while the control group uses vetiver grass substrate without adding humectant.

[0023] The preparation method is still in accordance with the preparation method in Example 1, and the humectants of the experimental group and the control group are respectively added. After sterilization treatment, Lentinula edodes strains are inoculated. In the cultivation conditions, the temperature is set at 22 °C, the humidity is set at 85%, the light intensity is set at 750 lux, the cultivation time is 35 days, the content is selected as 2% glucose, 0.3% amino acid, 0.03% trace elements, and 0.8% carbon dioxide is introduced.

[0024] The experimental results are as follows: Experimental results: Experimental group E controlled the water content of the substrate at 65% and showed the best mycelial growth rate and Lentinula edodes yield, indicating that a moderate addition amount of humectant can effectively improve the water retention capacity of the substrate and promote the growth of Lentinula edodes.

[0025] Example 4, based on Example 1, this example conducts an experiment on the effect of different addition amounts of microbial inoculants on the growth of Lentinula edodes. Specifically, experimental group G: Bacillus subtilis 0.05; experimental group H: Bacillus subtilis 0.075; and experimental group I: Bacillus subtilis 0.1% are respectively set, while the control group uses vetiver grass substrate without adding microbial inoculant.

[0026] The preparation method uses the preparation method of Example 1 to process vetiver grass, and microbial inoculants of the experimental group and the control group are added respectively. In the culture conditions, specifically, the temperature is set at 22 °C, the humidity is set at 85%, the light intensity is set at 750 lux, the culture time is set at 35 days, and nutrient solution is sprayed regularly. The content is selected as 2% glucose, 0.3% amino acids, 0.03% trace elements, and 0.8% carbon dioxide is introduced.

[0027] The experimental results are as follows: Experimental results: The experimental group H showed the best mycelial growth rate, lentinula edodes yield and vetiver grass decomposition rate, indicating that an appropriate amount of microbial inoculant can effectively promote the decomposition of vetiver grass and the growth of lentinula edodes.

[0028] Through the above experiments, the conclusion is drawn that a moderate vetiver grass pretreatment method can significantly improve the growth effect of lentinula edodes. When the addition amount of the moisturizer is 0.35% and the water content of the substrate is controlled at 65%, the best mycelial growth rate and lentinula edodes yield are shown. In addition, when the addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 0.075%, it can effectively promote the decomposition of vetiver grass and the growth of lentinula edodes. Thus, it is known that the comprehensive effect of moderate vetiver grass pretreatment, 0.35% addition amount of the moisturizer and 0.075% addition amount of the microbial inoculant is the best.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An imperata cylindrica substrate for cultivating edible fungi for producing lentinula edodes by substituting grass for wood, characterized in that, It includes the following components: Vetiver grass, as the main substrate material; Nutritional additives, including nitrogen source, phosphorus source and potassium source, where the nitrogen source is urea, the phosphorus source is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the potassium source is potassium sulfate; Antioxidant, vitamin C is selected to prevent the substrate from oxidizing and deteriorating during cultivation; Bioactive substance, a plant growth regulator is selected to promote the growth and differentiation of Lentinula edodes mycelium; Antibacterial agent, chloramphenicol is selected to inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the substrate; pH regulator, calcium carbonate is selected to adjust the pH value of the substrate to 6.0 - 7.0 to provide the optimal acid-base environment for the growth of Lentinula edodes; Humectant, sodium alginate is selected to enhance the water retention capacity of the substrate and maintain the humidity during cultivation; Microbial inoculant, Bacillus subtilis is selected to promote the decomposition of vetiver grass and the growth of Lentinula edodes.

2. The vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing Lentinula edodes by substituting grass for wood according to claim 1, characterized in that: The source of the vetiver grass is agricultural waste, including but not limited to the residues after farmland harvesting and the waste after garden pruning. The addition ratios of the nutritional additives are as follows: urea is 1% - 3% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.5% - 1.5% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, potassium sulfate is 0.5% - 1.5% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, the addition amount of the antioxidant is 0.1% - 0.3% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, the addition amount of the bioactive substance is 0.01% - 0.05% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, the addition amount of the antibacterial agent is 0.01% - 0.03% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, the addition amount of the pH regulator is 0.5% - 1.0% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, the addition amount of the humectant is 0.2% - 0.5% of the dry weight of vetiver grass, and the addition amount of the microbial inoculant is 0.05% - 0.1% of the dry weight of vetiver grass.

3. A method for preparing a vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing Lentinula edodes by substituting wood with grass, which comprises any one of the claims 1-2, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Pretreat vetiver grass The pretreatment includes cutting, crushing and soaking; S2: Mix nutritional additives Mix the pretreated vetiver grass with nutritional additives, and the nutritional additives include nitrogen source, phosphorus source and potassium source; S3: Sterilization treatment Perform sterilization treatment on the mixed material, the sterilization temperature is 121°C, and the time is 30 minutes; S4: Add antioxidant and antibacterial agent Add antioxidant and antibacterial agent during the sterilization process; S5: Inoculate Lentinula edodes strains Inoculate the sterilized material with Lentinula edodes strains and conduct cultivation; S6: Spray nutrient solution Regularly spray nutrient solution during cultivation. The nutrient solution includes glucose, amino acids and trace elements, where the concentration of glucose is 1% - 3%, the concentration of amino acids is 0.1% - 0.5%, and the concentration of trace elements is 0.01% - 0.05%. Regularly introduce carbon dioxide to promote the growth of Lentinula edodes mycelium. In addition, use an LED light source for light regulation during cultivation, and the light wavelength is 450 - 660nm to optimize the growth of Lentinula edodes.

4. The preparation method of the vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing Lentinula edodes by substituting grass for wood according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S1, the vetiver is cut into segments with a length of 2 - 5 cm, crushed to a particle size of 1 - 3 mm, soaked for 12 - 24 hours, and its water content is controlled at 50% - 70%. The inoculation amount of the Lentinula edodes strain is 5% - 10% of the dry weight of the vetiver. The culture conditions are set as follows: the temperature is 20 - 25 °C, the humidity is 80% - 90%, the light intensity is 500 - 1000 lux, and the culture time is 30 - 45 days.

5. The preparation method of the vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing Lentinula edodes by substituting grass for wood according to claim 3, characterized in that: The amount of carbon dioxide introduced is 0.5% - 1.0% of the culture space, and the light time of the LED light source is 12 - 16 hours per day.

6. The preparation method of the vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing Lentinula edodes by substituting grass for wood according to claim 3, characterized in that: In addition, sound waves are used in the culture, and the frequency range of the sound waves is 20 - 200 Hz, and the sound pressure level is 50 - 70 dB. The sound waves are evenly propagated through the culture space, stimulating the mechanoreceptors of the Lentinula edodes hyphal cells, activating the signal transduction pathway in the cells, and promoting the differentiation and growth of the hyphae.

7. The preparation method of the vetiver matrix for edible mushroom cultivation for producing Lentinula edodes by substituting grass for wood according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sound wave device uses a small sound wave generator, including but not limited to piezoelectric transducers, which are evenly distributed in the culture space to ensure that the sound waves can cover the entire culture area. And the small sound wave generator adjusts the frequency and intensity through an intelligent control system and dynamically adjusts the sound wave parameters according to the culture stage.

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