Fabricated heating device

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembly type heating device which comprises a plurality of heating assemblies and a plurality of conductive elements, the heating assemblies are horizontally laid, each heating assembly comprises a heat insulation layer and a heat storage layer located above the heat insulation layer, a heating piece and an energy storage piece are arranged in each heat storage layer, and the heating pieces are used for being powered on for heating; the energy storage part is in contact with a part of the heating part, the energy storage part is used for storing heat energy generated by the heating part, a conductive element is arranged between every two adjacent heating assemblies, and the conductive elements are connected with the heating parts of the two adjacent heating assemblies, so that the heating parts of the two adjacent heating assemblies are connected in series. According to the invention, the floor heating structure is modularly designed, a plurality of matched heating components are pre-processed in a factory according to the size of a room, and then the heating components are spliced on site, so that the period of laying the floor heating is shortened. The carbon fiber heating wires of the heating assembly are connected in series through the conductive elements, so that the complexity of power supply is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heating, and particularly to a prefabricated heating device. Background Art

[0002] The houses temporarily built on the construction site are usually temporary buildings used to meet the needs of workers' accommodation, office work, etc. during the construction period. These houses are usually built with materials such as color steel plates and cement movable panel houses. In order to meet the needs of the construction progress of the construction site, the temporary houses usually need to be quickly built. Since they are temporary buildings, it is necessary to consider their easy installation and disassembly, safety and comfort.

[0003] In the related art, the temporarily built houses usually use devices such as electric heaters, electric stoves, and air conditioners for heating. However, these heating methods have problems of high energy consumption and poor environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is made based on the inventor's discovery and recognition of the following facts and problems:

[0005] The inventor considered laying carbon fiber floor heating to provide a heating method that is both clean and environmentally friendly, can ensure the heating effect, and has low operating costs. However, this heating method requires laying carbon fiber floor heating on site, and the laying period is relatively long, which does not meet the requirement of quickly building the temporarily built houses. Moreover, the laid carbon fiber floor heating is difficult to disassemble, move, and is prone to equipment damage and cannot be reused, which goes against the original intention of designing the temporarily built houses.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.

[0007] Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention provides a detachable, modular, and movable prefabricated heating device.

[0008] The prefabricated heating device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0009] A plurality of heating components, the plurality of heating components are horizontally laid, the heating component includes a heat insulation layer and a heat storage layer located above the heat insulation layer, the heat storage layer has a heating element and an energy storage element, the heating element is used for heating by being energized, the energy storage element is in contact with a part of the heating element, and the energy storage element is used for storing the heat energy generated by the heating element;

[0010] A plurality of conductive elements, the conductive elements are arranged between two adjacent heating components, and the conductive element is connected to the heating elements of the two adjacent heating components so that the heating elements of the two adjacent heating components are connected in series.

[0011] In the prefabricated heating device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the floor heating structure is modularly designed, and multiple heating components matching the size of the room are prefabricated in the factory, and then spliced on site, which shortens the laying period of the floor heating. The carbon fiber heating wires of the heating components are connected in series by using a conductive element, thereby reducing the complexity of power supply.

[0012] In some embodiments, a first receiving groove is provided on the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer. The projection of the first receiving groove in the vertical direction is in a continuous S shape, and the heating element is arranged in the first receiving groove along the trend of the first receiving groove.

[0013] In some embodiments, a second receiving groove is further provided on the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer. The second receiving groove is communicated with the first receiving groove, and at least part of the energy storage element is arranged in the second receiving groove.

[0014] In some embodiments, the upper part of the energy storage element is located in the second receiving groove, the lower part of the energy storage element is located in the first receiving groove, and a first groove for clamping the heating element is provided on the lower wall surface of the energy storage element.

[0015] In some embodiments, two docking grooves are provided on the heat storage layer and are arranged opposite to each other. The docking grooves penetrate the heat storage layer in the vertical direction. The two docking grooves are respectively communicated with the two ends of the first receiving groove. Connectors are respectively provided at the two ends of the heating element. A second groove is provided on the upper wall surface of the connector. The connector on any one heating component is connected to the other connector on the heating component adjacent to the side of the connector, so that the second grooves on the two connectors jointly define a conduction groove, and the conductive element is arranged in the conduction groove.

[0016] In some embodiments, the conductive element is columnar, the cross-sectional shape of the bottom of the conduction groove is semi-circular arc-shaped, and the peripheral wall of the lower part of the conductive element is attached to the groove wall of the bottom of the conduction groove.

[0017] In some embodiments, the end of the conductive element is hemispherical. A spring piece is provided on the connector and is located in the second groove. The spring piece includes a vertical section, an arc connecting section and an inclined section connected in sequence. The arc connecting section is located below the vertical section and the inclined section. The vertical section is connected to the end of the heating element. The inclined section faces upward and is inclined away from the end of the heating element. The wall surface of the inclined section away from the heating element is in contact with the spherical surface of the conductive element, and the upper end of the inclined section is located above the central axis of the conductive element.

[0018] In some embodiments, a sealing cover is provided on the upper part of the conductive element. The lower wall surface of the sealing cover fits with the upper wall surface of the joint so that the sealing cover seals the notch of the conduction groove. The upper end of the joint has a convex edge extending upward, and a limiting groove is provided on the lower wall surface of the sealing cover. The convex edge is clamped in the limiting groove.

[0019] In some embodiments, the heat insulation layer includes a heat insulation board, a reflective film, and a grounding grid which are distributed in sequence from bottom to top. The lower end of the energy storage member has a convex block extending downward, and the convex block is clamped in the grid of the grounding grid.

[0020] In some embodiments, the heating element is a carbon fiber heating wire, and the heating element includes a carbon fiber heating body, a silicone rubber layer, a cross-linked polyethylene layer, and a PVC sheath which are arranged in sequence from inside to outside. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the heating assembly of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the heating element and the energy storage member of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage member of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 is a first cross-sectional view of the connection part of two adjacent heating assemblies of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 is a second cross-sectional view of the connection part of two adjacent heating assemblies of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 is an exploded view of the connection part of two adjacent heating assemblies of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the conductive element of the assembled heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference Signs:

[0031] Heating assembly 1,

[0032] Thermal insulation layer 11, heat insulation board 111, reflective film 112, grounding grid 113,

[0033] Heat storage layer 12, first accommodation groove 121, second accommodation groove 122, docking groove 123,

[0034] Heating element 13,

[0035] Energy storage component 14, first groove 141, convex block 142,

[0036] Connector 15, second groove 151, conduction groove 152, convex edge 153,

[0037] Elastic piece 16, vertical section 161, arc connecting section 162, inclined section 163,

[0038] Conductive element 2,

[0039] Sealing cover 21, limit groove 211. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0041] The prefabricated heating device according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0042] As Figures 1 to 9 shown, the prefabricated heating device according to the embodiments of the present invention includes: a plurality of heating assemblies 1 and a plurality of conductive elements 2.

[0043] The heating assembly 1 is in a cube shape. A plurality of heating assemblies 1 are used for horizontally laying in a room, and the side walls of two adjacent heating assemblies 1 are in contact with each other so that the plurality of heating assemblies 1 cover the entire room.

[0044] The heating assembly 1 includes a thermal insulation layer 11 and a heat storage layer 12 located above the thermal insulation layer 11. The heat storage layer 12 is provided with a heating element 13 and an energy storage component 14. The heating element 13 is used for heating by being powered on, and the energy storage component 14 is in contact with a part of the heating element 13. The energy storage component 14 is used for storing the heat energy generated by the heating element 13.

[0045] Among them, the thermal insulation layer 11 includes a heat insulation board 111, a reflective film 112, and a grounding grid 113 which are distributed in sequence from bottom to top. That is, the heat insulation board 111 is laid on the ground foundation, the reflective film 112 is attached to the upper wall surface of the heat insulation board 111, and the grounding grid 113 is laid on the reflective film 112. The heat storage layer 12 is made of concrete, and the heat storage layer 12 is arranged on the grounding grid 113 and the reflective film 112.

[0046] The heating element 13 is a carbon fiber heating wire, which includes a carbon fiber heating body, a silicone rubber layer, a cross-linked polyethylene layer, and a PVC sheath arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The carbon fiber heating body is composed of JJN carbon fiber heating wires. The silicone rubber layer has a temperature resistance of 305 °C, the cross-linked polyethylene layer has a temperature resistance of 205 °C, and the PVC sheath has a temperature resistance of 105 °C.

[0047] It can be understood that the principle of the carbon fiber heating wire is to utilize electricity to generate heat through the activity and oscillation of carbon fiber molecules to perform Brownian motion. The carbon fiber heating wire is powered by new energy electricity such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power, solar energy, or valley electricity, so as to provide an efficient, environmentally friendly, and healthy heating method for temporarily built houses.

[0048] The energy storage component 14 is composed of a low-temperature energy storage (heat) body formed by mixing and encapsulating hydrated inorganic salts into a tubular or sheet shape, etc., and is integrated with the heat storage layer 12. Its working principle is: heating is carried out during the "valley electricity" period at night, and the energy storage body absorbs and stores heat through the "solid-liquid" phase change conversion. Heating stops during the "peak electricity" period during the day, and the energy storage component 14 slowly releases heat through the "liquid-solid" phase change process for heating, which can make full use of the "peak-valley" electricity price difference to achieve off-peak operation and greatly reduce the operating cost.

[0049] A conductive element 2 is provided between two adjacent heating components 1. The conductive element 2 is connected to the heating elements 13 of the two adjacent heating components 1, so that the heating elements 13 of the two adjacent heating components 1 are connected in series. For example, the conductive element 2 is made of a conductive material such as metal, graphite, or metal compound, so as to facilitate the energization of the series-connected heating elements 13.

[0050] In the prefabricated heating device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the floor heating structure is modularly designed, and a plurality of heating components 1 that are prefabricated to match the size of the room in the factory are directly spliced on site, which shortens the cycle of laying the floor heating. The conductive element 2 is used to realize the series connection between the carbon fiber heating wires of the heating components 1. It is not necessary for each heating component 1 to be connected to the power supply. Only the two heating components 1 at the front end and the last end of each row need to be connected to the power supply, thereby reducing the complexity of power supply.

[0051] In some embodiments, as Figures 2 to 4 shown, a first receiving groove 121 is provided on the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer 12. The projection of the first receiving groove 121 in the vertical direction is in a continuous S shape, and the heating element 13 is arranged in the first receiving groove 121 along the trend of the first receiving groove 121.

[0052] It can be understood that the first receiving grooves 121 are evenly distributed on the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer 12, so that the heating element 13 can radiate heat evenly. Moreover, both ends of the first receiving groove 121 are located in the middle of the side walls adjacent to the heat storage layer 12, so as to improve the overall aesthetics of the floor heating after laying and the stability of the connection between the heating components 1.

[0053] Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, the first receiving groove 121 includes first bending segments at both ends thereof and a plurality of alternately connected straight segments and second bending segments. The first bending segments are connected to the straight segments, the projection of the first bending segments in the vertical direction is in a quarter circular arc shape, and the projection of the second bending segments in the vertical direction is in a semi-circular arc shape.

[0054] In some embodiments, as Figures 3 to 5 shown, a second receiving groove 122 is further provided on the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer 12. The second receiving groove 122 is communicated with the first receiving groove 121, and at least a part of the energy storage member 14 is arranged in the second receiving groove 122. For example, the energy storage member 14 is entirely located in the second receiving groove 122, and the energy storage member 14 is adjacent to or in contact with the heating member 13.

[0055] Preferably, the upper part of the energy storage member 14 is located in the second receiving groove 122, the lower part of the energy storage member 14 is located in the first receiving groove 121, and a first groove 141 for clamping the heating member 13 is provided on the lower wall surface of the energy storage member 14.

[0056] Specifically, the second receiving groove 122 is in an inverted T shape. The second receiving groove 122 includes a horizontal segment and a vertical segment 161. The horizontal segment of the second receiving groove 122 has an intersecting part with the straight segment of the first receiving groove 121, and the vertical segment 161 of the second receiving groove 122 is communicated with the straight segment of the first receiving groove 121. The peripheral wall of the upper part of the heating member 13 is attached to the groove wall of the second groove 151 to improve the stability of the connection between the heating member 13 and the energy storage member 14.

[0057] Furthermore, there are a plurality of energy storage members 14 and a plurality of second receiving grooves 122, and the plurality of energy storage members 14 and the plurality of second receiving grooves 122 correspond to each other one by one, so as to improve the energy storage effect.

[0058] In some embodiments, as Figures 2 to 8 shown, two docking grooves 123 are provided on the heat storage layer 12 and are oppositely arranged. The docking grooves 123 penetrate the heat storage layer 12 in the vertical direction, and the two docking grooves 123 are respectively communicated with both ends of the first receiving groove 121. Connectors 15 are respectively provided at both ends of the heating member 13, and a second groove 151 is provided on the upper wall surface of the connector 15. The connector 15 on any one heating assembly 1 is connected to another connector 15 on the heating assembly 1 adjacent to the side of this connector 15, so that the second grooves 151 on the two connectors 15 jointly define a conduction groove 152, and the conductive element 2 is arranged in the conduction groove 152.

[0059] It can be understood that, compared with the design in which the joint 15 protrudes from the heat storage layer 12, the joint 15 of the heating element 13 in the embodiment of the present invention is designed in the docking groove 123 of the heat storage layer 12. After the heating components 1 are connected to each other, the integrity and aesthetics after splicing of the plurality of heating components 1 can be ensured by filling a rubber plug at the notch of the docking groove 123.

[0060] In some embodiments, as Figures 6 to 9 shown, the conductive element 2 is columnar, the cross-sectional shape of the bottom of the conduction groove 152 is semi-circular arc-shaped, and the peripheral wall of the lower part of the conductive element 2 is attached to the groove wall of the bottom of the conduction groove 152, so that the conductive element 2 is clamped in the conduction groove 152, thereby improving the connection stability.

[0061] In some embodiments, as Figures 6 to 9 shown, the end of the conductive element 2 is hemispherical, and the length of the conductive element 2 is less than the length of the conduction groove 152. A spring piece 16 (copper piece) located in the second groove 151 is provided on the joint 15, and the end of the conductive element 2 is connected to the end of the heating element 13 through the spring piece 16. That is to say, spring pieces 16 are respectively provided at both ends of the conduction groove 152, so that the two spring pieces 16 clamp the conductive element 2 to ensure the stability of power-on.

[0062] Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, the spring piece 16 includes a vertical section 161, an arc-shaped connecting section 162 and an inclined section 163 connected in sequence. The arc-shaped connecting section 162 is located below the vertical section 161 and the inclined section 163. The vertical section 161 is connected to the end of the heating element 13. The inclined section 163 faces upward and is inclined away from the end of the heating element 13. The wall surface of the inclined section 163 away from the heating element 13 contacts the spherical surface of the conductive element 2, and the upper end of the inclined section 163 is located above the central axis of the conductive element 2.

[0063] It can be understood that after the conductive element 2 is installed in the conduction groove 152, the two spring pieces 16 apply a force inclined downward to the conductive element 2, further improving the installation stability of the conductive element 2.

[0064] In some embodiments, as Figures 6 to 9 shown, a sealing cover 21 is provided on the upper part of the conductive element 2, and the lower wall surface of the sealing cover 21 is attached to the upper wall surface of the joint 15, so that the sealing cover 21 seals the notch of the conduction groove 152.

[0065] Among them, the sealing cover 21 is made of insulating material (for example, rubber). The sealing cover 21 seals the conductive element 2 in the conduction groove 152 to avoid the problem of electric leakage. And, the conductive element 2 and the sealing cover 21 can be connected by bonding to form an integral body, so as to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the conductive element 2.

[0066] Furthermore, asFigures 6 to 9 As shown, the upper end of the joint 15 has a flange 153 extending upward, and a limiting groove 211 is provided on the lower wall surface of the sealing cover 21. The flange 153 is clamped in the limiting groove 211, thereby improving the sealing performance.

[0067] Optionally, as Figures 6 to 9 shown, there are two flanges 153 on each joint 15, and the two flanges 153 are respectively located on both sides of the second groove 151. There are also two limiting grooves 211 on the sealing cover 21. Thus, by respectively fitting the two flanges 153 in the corresponding limiting grooves 211, not only can the sealing effect be achieved, but also the docking of the two joints 15 can be made more stable.

[0068] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, the lower end of the energy storage member 14 has a convex block 142 extending downward, and the convex block 142 is clamped in the grid of the grounding grid 113, further improving the assembly stability of the energy storage member 14.

[0069] Optionally, as Figure 5 shown, there are multiple convex blocks 142, and the multiple convex blocks 142 are distributed on the energy storage member 14 corresponding to the spacing of the grids of the grounding grid 113.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0071] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0072] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or defined, terms such as "installed", "connected", "joined", "fixed", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communicable with each other; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0073] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified or defined, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0074] In the present invention, terms such as "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0075] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the above embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembled heating device, characterized in that, Comprising: A plurality of heating components, the plurality of heating components are horizontally laid, the heating component includes a heat insulation layer and a heat storage layer located above the heat insulation layer, the heat storage layer is provided with a heating element and a heat storage element, the heating element is used for generating heat when electrified, the heat storage element is in contact with a part of the heating element, and the heat storage element is used for storing the heat energy generated by the heating element; A plurality of conductive elements, the conductive elements are arranged between adjacent two of the heating components, and the conductive elements are connected to the heating elements of the adjacent two of the heating components so that the heating elements of the adjacent two of the heating components are connected in series.

2. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 1, wherein, A first receiving groove is provided on the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer, and the projection of the first receiving groove in the vertical direction is in a continuous S shape, and the heating element is arranged in the first receiving groove along the trend of the first receiving groove.

3. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that A second receiving groove is further provided on the lower wall surface of the heat storage layer, the second receiving groove is communicated with the first receiving groove, and at least a part of the heat storage element is arranged in the second receiving groove.

4. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper part of the heat storage element is located in the second receiving groove, the lower part of the heat storage element is located in the first receiving groove, and a first groove for clamping the heating element is provided on the lower wall surface of the heat storage element.

5. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 2, wherein Two docking grooves are provided on the heat storage layer and are arranged oppositely, the docking grooves penetrate through the heat storage layer in the vertical direction, the two docking grooves are respectively communicated with two ends of the first receiving groove, joints are respectively provided at two ends of the heating element, a second groove is provided on the upper wall surface of the joint, a joint on any one of the heating components is connected to another joint on the heating component adjacent to the joint, so that the second grooves on the two joints jointly define a conduction groove, and the conductive element is arranged in the conduction groove.

6. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 5, wherein The conductive element is columnar, the cross-sectional shape of the bottom of the conduction groove is semi-circular, and the peripheral wall of the lower part of the conductive element is attached to the groove wall of the bottom of the conduction groove.

7. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The end of the conductive element is hemispherical, an elastic sheet is provided on the joint and is located in the second groove, the elastic sheet includes a vertical section, an arc connecting section and an inclined section which are connected in sequence, the arc connecting section is located below the vertical section and the inclined section, the vertical section is connected to the end of the heating element, the inclined section faces upwards and is inclined away from the end of the heating element, the wall surface of the inclined section away from the heating element is in contact with the spherical surface of the conductive element, and the upper end of the inclined section is located above the central axis of the conductive element.

8. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 5, characterized in that A sealing cover is provided on the upper part of the conductive element, the lower wall surface of the sealing cover is attached to the upper wall surface of the joint so that the sealing cover seals the notch of the conduction groove, the upper end of the joint has a convex edge extending upwards, and a limiting groove is provided on the lower wall surface of the sealing cover, and the convex edge is clamped in the limiting groove.

9. The prefabricated heating device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat insulation layer includes a heat insulation board, a reflective film and a grounding grid which are distributed in sequence from bottom to top, and the lower end of the heat storage element has a convex block extending downwards, and the convex block is clamped in the grid of the grounding grid.

10. The prefabricated heating device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The heating element is a carbon fiber heating wire, and the heating element includes a carbon fiber heating body, a silicone rubber layer, a cross-linked polyethylene layer and a PVC sheath which are arranged in sequence from inside to outside.

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