Three-way Dislocation Quantity Monitoring Unit, Monitoring Device and Monitoring Method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit, a monitoring device, and a monitoring method, which relate to the technical field of active fault monitoring equipment. The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit includes: a fixing part, an elastic rod, a strain sensor, a receiving module, and a demodulation module. Two fixing parts are provided, and the two fixing parts are respectively used to be fixed in the blocks on both sides of the fault structure surface; six or more elastic rods are provided, and the two ends of the elastic rods are respectively used to be connected to the two fixing parts by ball joints; all elastic rods are provided on at least six different surfaces; the strain sensor is used to detect the strain of each elastic rod; the receiving module is connected to the strain sensor in communication and is used to receive strain information; the demodulation module calculates the relative three-dimensional dislocation of the blocks on both sides of the fault structure surface based on the strain information. The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit provided by the present invention can detect the three-dimensional dislocation of the blocks on both sides of the fault structure surface, thereby improving engineering safety and disaster warning capabilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of active fault monitoring equipment, and in particular to a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit, a monitoring device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] Under the continuous influence of tectonic movement, active faults continuously shift through complex dynamic processes, causing the rock mass within the fault zone to deform or fracture due to fault activity. In fault zones, areas of poor geological stability, monitoring fault displacement is crucial for preventing geological disasters and assessing engineering stability. Under the influence of complex stress fields, the deformation and displacement of individual blocks within a fault zone vary. Existing fault displacement monitoring technologies, however, typically rely on single-point measurements and are unable to fully capture the three-dimensional displacement variations between adjacent blocks within a fault zone. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit, a monitoring device and a monitoring method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve engineering safety and disaster warning capabilities.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit, comprising: a fixing member, an elastic rod, a strain sensor, a receiving module, and a demodulation module. Two fixing members are provided, each of which is fixedly mounted within a block on either side of a fault structural surface; six or more elastic rods are provided, each end of which is spherically connected to the two fixing members; all of the elastic rods are arranged on at least six different surfaces; the strain sensor is used to detect the strain of each elastic rod; the receiving module is communicatively connected to the strain sensor and is used to receive the strain information; and the demodulation module calculates the relative three-dimensional dislocation of the blocks on either side of the fault structural surface based on the strain information.

[0006] Preferably, the strain sensor is an optical fiber strain sensor; the optical fiber strain sensor is laid on the outside of the elastic rod or passed through the inside of the elastic rod along the extension direction of the elastic rod; multiple strain sensors are connected to a main optical fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer, and the main optical fiber is connected to the receiving module.

[0007] Preferably, the rigidity of the fixing member is greater than that of the elastic rod.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing member is annular, and the hinged parts of the fixing member and the elastic rod are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction. The hinged parts on the two fixing members are respectively arranged on two parallel installation planes, and the angles between each elastic rod and the installation plane are consistent.

[0009] Preferably, the demodulation module includes: a coordinate system establishment module: the coordinate system establishment module sets any one of the fixed parts as a stationary ring and the other as a moving ring, constructs a global coordinate system Oxyz with the center of the stationary ring as the origin, and constructs a local coordinate system O1x1y1z1 with the center of the moving ring as the origin;

[0010] Motion constraint modeling module: Based on the geometric relationship between the six elastic rods connecting the stationary ring and the moving ring at both ends, the motion constraint equations for the change in elastic rod length and the position of the moving ring are established;

[0011] Solution module: After fully differentiating the motion constraint equation, the differential equation is solved using the Newton iteration method to obtain the relationship between the strains of the six elastic rods and the position of the moving ring; then, the three-dimensional dislocation of the moving ring is obtained based on the strains of the six elastic rods.

[0012] Preferably, six elastic rods are provided, and the motion constraint equation established by the motion constraint modeling module is as follows:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] Among them, F i (X, ε i ) is the motion constraint equation of the moving ring, X is a six-dimensional vector representing the position of the moving ring, where x , y , z The moving ring is x , y , z The translation components on the three axes, α , β , γ Moving circle surround x , y , z The rotational components of the three axes, ε i (i = 1, 2, ..., 6) are the strains of the six rods, R is the rigid body rotation matrix of the moving ring, A i (i =1, 2, ..., 6) are 6 points on the moving ring, B i (i = 1, 2, ..., 6) are 6 points on the stationary ring;

[0016] According to the implicit function theorem, the effect of the change in the length of the elastic rod on the position of the moving ring is shown as follows:

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] Where l0 is the original length of the rod, l i (i = 1, 2, ..., 6) are the lengths of the six elastic rods after the relative motion occurs; X, L, and F are the six-dimensional vector of the position of the moving ring, the six-dimensional vector of the current lengths of the six elastic rods, and the motion constraint equation of the moving ring, respectively;

[0021] The solution module knows the initial position X0 of the moving ring. When the two rings move relative to each other, the motion path is differentiated and the incremental update is performed using the Newton iteration method as the initial point. The calculation formula of the Newton iteration method is shown as follows:

[0022]

[0023] Where n is the nth step in the differential motion path of the moving ring, and k is the number of iterations of the Newton iteration method;

[0024] The convergence condition is that the motion constraint equation is less than 1 microstrain at the kth iteration, as shown in the following formula:

[0025] .

[0026] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device, comprising the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit as described above, wherein different three-dimensional dislocation monitoring units are respectively arranged in blocks at different fault structural surfaces.

[0027] Preferably, it also includes a catheter, and the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit is fixed in the catheter in sequence along the length direction of the catheter. The catheter carries the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit and is inserted into a borehole pre-drilled in the block and fixed. When the catheter is inserted into the borehole, the outer wall of the catheter is used to form an annular gap with the borehole wall for grouting.

[0028] Preferably, the demodulation module can also calculate the relative three-dimensional dislocation between any two blocks based on the three-dimensional dislocation amounts measured by the multiple three-dimensional dislocation amount monitoring units.

[0029] The present invention also provides a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring method, comprising:

[0030] Preliminary preparation: Determine the depth of the fault structure in the fault zone through cores obtained from drilling and / or high-definition photography in the hole;

[0031] The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device is manufactured as described above: the positions of the fault structural surfaces are marked on the guide tube and holes are opened on both sides for fixing the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit;

[0032] Installation of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device: place the catheter carrying the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit into the borehole; inject grout into the annular gap between the outer wall of the catheter and the borehole wall; after the slurry solidifies, the outer wall of the catheter and the borehole wall form a local fixed structure, thereby allowing each of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring units to form a local fixed structure with the rock mass.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0034] The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit provided by the present invention can detect the three-dimensional dislocation of blocks on both sides of the fault structural surface. The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device provided by the present invention can detect the three-dimensional dislocation of blocks on both sides of the fault structural surface at different positions, thereby improving the coverage of three-dimensional dislocation monitoring. Therefore, the present invention can improve engineering safety and disaster warning capabilities.

[0035] Furthermore, some embodiments of the present invention utilize optical fiber strain sensors to monitor elastic rod strain; and utilize a wavelength division multiplexer and a main optical fiber to transmit strain information to a receiving module in real time. The receiving module then transmits the strain information to a demodulation module for resolution in real time, thereby improving data transmission efficiency and real-time monitoring effects. This is suitable for structural health monitoring and early warning during tunnel construction and operation, thereby enhancing engineering safety and disaster early warning capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the deployment of a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device in a fault borehole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is an overall schematic diagram of the fault drilling and three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device.

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Layout diagram of the ball joint structure on the two fixing parts.

[0041] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fault dislocation before and after.

[0042] In the figure: 100 - fault structure surface; 200 - borehole wall; 300 - tunnel; 400 - block.

[0043] 1-fixing part; 2-elastic rod; 3-ball hinge structure; 4-fixing pin; 5-conduit; 6-temperature compensation optical fiber; 7-main optical fiber; 8-wavelength division multiplexer; 10-three-way misalignment monitoring unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0046] A three-dimensional dislocation, or a change in position in three dimensions, refers to the change in the relative position of one block relative to the other in three dimensions. It has three-axis displacement components and three-axis rotation components.

[0047] The following combination Figures 1 to 5 , describing embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] The present invention provides a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10, comprising: a fixing member 1, elastic rods 2, a strain sensor, a receiving module, and a demodulation module. Two fixing members 1 are provided, each of which is fixedly mounted within a block 400 on either side of a fault structural plane 100. Six or more elastic rods 2 are provided, each end of which is spherically connected to the two fixing members 1. All elastic rods 2 are arranged on at least six different surfaces. The strain sensor is used to detect the strain of each elastic rod 2. The receiving module is communicatively connected to the strain sensor and is used to receive strain information. The demodulation module calculates the relative three-dimensional dislocation of the blocks 400 on either side of the fault structural plane 100 based on the strain information.

[0050] In this embodiment of the present invention, since the ends of the elastic rod 2 are indirectly fixedly connected to the blocks 400 on either side of the fault surface 100, any positional changes in the blocks 400 on either side of the fault surface 100 inevitably cause deformation of the elastic rod 2. Therefore, by measuring the strain of the elastic rod 2, the deformation of each rod can be determined. Furthermore, the relative displacement and angular change of the blocks 400 on either side can be calculated based on the geometric relationship between the elastic rod 2 and the two fixing members 1. Therefore, the three-dimensional misalignment monitoring unit 10 provided by the present invention can detect the three-dimensional misalignment of the blocks 400 on either side of the fault surface 100, thereby improving engineering safety and disaster warning capabilities.

[0051] In some embodiments, the strain sensor is a fiber optic strain sensor; the fiber optic strain sensor is installed outside the elastic rod 2 or inserted into the elastic rod 2 along its extension direction. Multiple strain sensors are connected to a main optical fiber 7 via a wavelength division multiplexer 8, and the main optical fiber 7 is connected to a receiving module. In some examples, the elastic rod 2 and the fiber optic strain sensor can be secured together by bonding, bundling, or wrapping with tape. It is understood that the length of the fiber optic strain sensor can be long or short. If the strain of the elastic rod 2 is uniform, a shorter length can be sufficient. If improved monitoring accuracy is required, a fiber optic strain sensor with the same length as the elastic rod 2 can be installed. Of course, for ease of installation, the fiber optic strain sensor can also be slightly shorter than the elastic rod 2.

[0052] This embodiment uses an optical fiber strain sensor to monitor the strain of the elastic rod 2; and uses a wavelength division multiplexer 8 and a main optical fiber 7 to transmit the strain information to a receiving module in real time. The receiving module transmits the strain information to a demodulation module for resolution in real time, thereby improving data transmission efficiency and real-time monitoring effects. It is suitable for structural health monitoring and early warning during tunnel construction and operation.

[0053] The optical fiber strain sensor is preferably a fiber Bragg grating.

[0054] In addition to the optical fiber strain sensor used in the above embodiment, piezoelectric strain sensors, resistance strain gauges, etc. can also be used.

[0055] In some embodiments, the fixing member 1 has a greater rigidity than the elastic rod 2. For example, the fixing member 1 may be made of stainless steel, and the elastic rod 2 may be made of aluminum alloy.

[0056] In this embodiment, it is sufficient to make the elastic rod 2 deform prior to the fixing member 1 , because the present invention only detects the strain information of the elastic rod 2 and reflects the relative displacement between the two blocks 400 only through the strain of the elastic rod 2 .

[0057] In some embodiments, the fixing member 1 is annular, and the hinged portions of the fixing member 1 and the elastic rod 2 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction. The hinged portions on the two fixing members 1 are respectively arranged on two parallel installation planes, and the angles between each elastic rod 2 and the installation plane are consistent.

[0058] This embodiment facilitates routing of cables, such as the main optical fiber 7, in the middle of the annular fixture 1. Furthermore, the elastic rods 2 in this embodiment are based on the parallel platform principle in the mechanical field. According to the degree of freedom calculation method, the mechanism has six degrees of freedom. The six elastic rods 2 are required to measure six motion quantities on one of the fixtures 1, including translational components in the x, y, and z directions, and rotational components α, β, and γ about the x, y, and z axes. The six degrees of freedom of the dynamic fixture 1 need to be uniquely controlled by varying the lengths of the six rods. Therefore, the six rods cannot be coplanar, and for accuracy and simplicity of calculation, the lengths and inclinations of the six rods must be consistent.

[0059] Additionally, the six spherical hinge structures 3 on one fixture 1 are designated B1-B6, while the projections of the spherical hinge structures 3 on the other fixture 1 are designated A1-A6, indicated by dashed lines. Spherical hinge structures 3 with the same subscript number are connected via the same elastic rod 2. For example, A1 and B1 are connected by the same elastic rod 2. Alternatively, a single elastic rod 2 has two ends, A1 and B1. This allows the elastic rod 2 to connect the spherical hinge structures 3 on the two fixtures 1 at an angle, providing tension and compression in six non-coplanar axial directions.

[0060] In some examples, this embodiment can also pass a temperature compensation optical fiber 6 through the middle of the annular fixing member 1. The temperature compensation optical fiber 6 is communicatively connected to the main optical fiber 7. The strain information detected by the temperature compensation optical fiber 6 is not affected by the position changes of the blocks 400 on both sides. Under ideal conditions, the temperature compensation optical fiber 6 is only affected by the ambient temperature. The temperature compensation optical fiber 6 is also a fiber Bragg grating. The temperature compensation optical fiber 6 can be used to correct the strain information of the fiber Bragg grating on the elastic rod 2, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy.

[0061] In some embodiments, the demodulation module includes: a coordinate system establishment module: the coordinate system establishment module sets any one of the fixed parts 1 as a stationary ring and the other as a moving ring, constructs a global coordinate system Oxyz with the center of the stationary ring as the origin, and constructs a local coordinate system O1x1y1z1 with the center of the moving ring as the origin;

[0062] Motion constraint modeling module: Based on the geometric relationship between the six elastic rods 2 connecting the static ring and the dynamic ring at both ends, the motion constraint equation of the elastic rod 2 length change and the dynamic ring posture is established;

[0063] Solution module: After fully differentiating the motion constraint equation, the differential equation is solved using the Newton iteration method to obtain the relationship between the strains of the six elastic rods 2 and the position of the moving ring; then, the three-dimensional dislocation of the moving ring is obtained based on the strains of the six elastic rods 2.

[0064] Specifically, six elastic rods 2 are provided, and the motion constraint equation established by the motion constraint modeling module is shown as follows:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Among them, F i (X, ε i ) is the motion constraint equation of the moving ring, X is a six-dimensional vector representing the position of the moving ring, where x , y , z The moving ring is x , y , z The translation components on the three axes, α , β , γ Moving circle surround x , y , z The rotational components of the three axes, ε i (i = 1, 2, ..., 6) are the strains of the six rods, R is the rigid body rotation matrix of the moving ring, A i (i =1, 2, ..., 6) are 6 points on the moving ring, B i (i = 1, 2, ..., 6) are 6 points on the stationary ring;

[0068] According to the implicit function theorem, the effect of the change in the length of the elastic rod 2 on the position of the moving ring is shown as follows:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Where l0 is the original length of the rod, l i (i = 1, 2, ..., 6) is the length of the six elastic rods 2 after the relative motion occurs; X, L, and F are the six-dimensional vector of the position of the moving ring, the six-dimensional vector of the current lengths of the six elastic rods 2, and the motion constraint equation of the moving ring, respectively;

[0073] The solution module knows the initial position X0 of the moving ring. When the two rings move relative to each other, the motion path is differentiated and the incremental update is performed using the Newton iteration method as the initial point. The calculation formula of the Newton iteration method is shown as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Where n is the nth step in the differential motion path of the moving ring, and k is the number of iterations of the Newton iteration method;

[0076] The convergence condition is that the motion constraint equation is less than 1 microstrain at the kth iteration, as shown in the following formula:

[0077] .

[0078] This embodiment provides a specific method for calculating the amount of three-dimensional dislocation.

[0079] The above embodiment provides a specific number of elastic rods 2. At least six elastic rods 2 are required to measure three translational and three rotational components. More than six elastic rods 2 will cause the system's kinematic equations to be overdetermined. Redundant rods complicate the inverse kinematic equations, potentially requiring additional numerical methods or optimization algorithms to solve, increasing the computational burden. Therefore, the purpose of using six elastic rods 2 in the above embodiment of the present invention is to enable measurement of three translational and three rotational components while simplifying the algorithm or computational difficulty. It is understood that, without regard to computational or installation difficulty, the number of elastic rods 2 may be greater than six, for example, eight elastic rods 2.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] An embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device, comprising the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 in the above embodiment, wherein different three-dimensional dislocation monitoring units 10 are respectively arranged in the block 400 at different fault structural planes 100 .

[0082] The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device provided by the present invention can detect the three-dimensional dislocation of the blocks 400 on both sides of the fault structure surface 100 at different positions, thereby improving the coverage of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring.

[0083] Since this embodiment includes the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 in the first embodiment, this embodiment includes all the advantages described in the first embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0084] In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention further include a catheter 5, and the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 is fixed in the catheter 5 in sequence along the length direction of the catheter 5. The catheter 5 carries the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 and is inserted into and fixed in a borehole pre-drilled in the block 400. When the catheter 5 is inserted into the borehole, the outer wall of the catheter 5 is used to form an annular gap for grouting with the borehole wall 200.

[0085] This embodiment uses one conduit 5 to integrate all three-dimensional misalignment monitoring units 10, which makes it easy to install all three-dimensional misalignment monitoring units in the borehole of the formation at one time. The specific implementation method is shown in Example 3.

[0086] In addition, this embodiment can cover structural surfaces at different depths in the fault zone, achieve continuous distributed monitoring, and possess high-precision three-dimensional displacement monitoring capabilities, thereby improving engineering safety and disaster early warning capabilities.

[0087] In some embodiments, the demodulation module can further calculate the relative three-way dislocation between any two blocks 400 according to the three-way dislocations measured by the plurality of three-way dislocation monitoring units 10 .

[0088] This embodiment achieves the purpose of calculating the relative three-dimensional dislocation between any two blocks 400. It can be understood that the any two blocks 400 can be two adjacent blocks 400 or two non-adjacent blocks 400.

[0089] In some embodiments, the multiple strain sensors in all three-way misalignment monitoring units 10 are connected to the same main optical fiber 7 via a wavelength division multiplexer 8 .

[0090] Specific implementation examples Figure 2 As shown, a borehole is drilled on the wall of the tunnel 300, and the borehole passes through multiple fault structural surfaces 100. Then, a three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 is set at each fault structural surface 100, and the two fixing parts 1 of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 are respectively fixed in the blocks 400 on both sides.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring three-dimensional dislocation, comprising:

[0093] Preliminary preparations: Determine the depth of the fault structure surface 100 in the fault zone in the borehole by using cores obtained from the borehole and / or high-definition photography inside the borehole;

[0094] Production of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device: Mark the position of each fault structure surface 100 on the guide tube 5 and make holes on both sides to fix the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10;

[0095] Installation of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device: place the catheter 5 carrying the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 into the borehole; grouting is performed into the annular gap between the outer wall of the catheter 5 and the borehole wall 200; after the slurry solidifies, the outer wall of the catheter 5 and the borehole wall 200 form a local fixed structure, thereby allowing each three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit 10 to form a local fixed structure with the rock mass.

[0096] In some embodiments, the annular fixing member 1 is anchored to the conduit 5 by a fixing pin 4. In some examples, since the ultimate goal is to anchor the fixing member 1 in the rock block 400, one end of the fixing pin 4 is passed through the fixing member 1 and the conduit 5, and the other end extends from the outer wall of the conduit 5 into the annular gap. In this way, after grouting, the fixing pin 4 can be anchored by the solidified slurry, thereby enhancing the connection stability between the fixing member 1 and the block 400, so that the displacement change of the block 400 can be accurately reflected on the fixing member 1, and the fixing member 1 then accurately drives the elastic rod 2 to deform, ultimately achieving the purpose of improving the monitoring accuracy.

[0097] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present invention. At the same time, those skilled in the art will find that the specific implementation methods and application scopes may vary based on the concept of the present invention. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit, characterized by: include: Two fixing members are provided, and the two fixing members are respectively used to fix the blocks on both sides of the fault structure surface; Six or more elastic rods are provided, and both ends of the elastic rods are respectively connected to the two fixing members for ball hinges; all the elastic rods are provided on at least six different surfaces; a strain sensor, the strain sensor being used to detect the strain of each of the elastic rods; a receiving module, communicatively connected to the strain sensor and configured to receive strain information; a demodulation module for calculating the relative three-dimensional dislocation of the blocks on both sides of the fault structural surface based on the strain information; the fixing member is annular, and the hinged portions of the fixing member and the elastic rod are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, and the hinged portions on the two fixing members are respectively arranged on two parallel installation planes, and the angles between the elastic rods and the installation planes are consistent; the demodulation module includes: a coordinate system establishment module: the coordinate system establishment module sets any one of the fixing members as a stationary ring and the other as a moving ring, constructs a global coordinate system Oxyz with the center of the stationary ring as the origin, and constructs a local coordinate system O1x1y1z1 with the center of the moving ring as the origin; Motion constraint modeling module: Based on the geometric relationship between the six elastic rods connecting the stationary ring and the moving ring at both ends, the motion constraint equations for the change in elastic rod length and the position of the moving ring are established; Solution module: After fully differentiating the motion constraint equation, the differential equation is solved using the Newton iteration method to obtain the relationship between the strains of the six elastic rods and the position of the moving ring; then, the three-dimensional dislocation of the moving ring is obtained based on the strains of the six elastic rods. There are six elastic rods, and the motion constraint equation established by the motion constraint modeling module is shown as follows: Among them, F i (X, ε i ) is the motion constraint equation of the moving ring, X is a six-dimensional vector representing the position of the moving ring, where x , y , z The moving ring is x , y , z The translation components on the three axes, α , β , γ Moving circle surround x , y , z The rotational components of the three axes, ε i is the strain of the six rods, R is the rigid body rotation matrix of the moving ring, A i are 6 points on the moving ring, B i are 6 points on the stationary ring; According to the implicit function theorem, the effect of the change in the length of the elastic rod on the position of the moving ring is shown as follows: Where l0 is the original length of the rod, l i is the length of the six elastic rods after the relative motion occurs; X, L, and F are the six-dimensional vector of the position of the moving ring, the six-dimensional vector of the current lengths of the six elastic rods, and the motion constraint equation of the moving ring, respectively; The solution module knows the initial position X0 of the moving ring. When the two rings move relative to each other, the motion path is differentiated and the incremental update is performed using the Newton iteration method as the initial point. The calculation formula of the Newton iteration method is shown as follows: Where n is the nth step in the differential motion path of the moving ring, and k is the number of iterations of the Newton iteration method; The convergence condition is that the motion constraint equation is less than 1 microstrain at the kth iteration, as shown in the following formula: All the above i are any integers from 1 to 6, and the six integers from 1 to 6 correspond to the six elastic rods respectively.

2. The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strain sensor is an optical fiber strain sensor; the optical fiber strain sensor is laid outside the elastic rod or passed through the inside of the elastic rod along the extension direction of the elastic rod; multiple strain sensors are connected to a main optical fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer, and the main optical fiber is connected to the receiving module.

3. The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigidity of the fixing member is greater than that of the elastic rod.

4. A three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of three-dimensional dislocation monitoring units according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and different three-dimensional dislocation monitoring units are respectively arranged in blocks at different fault structural surfaces.

5. The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a catheter, and the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit is fixed in the catheter in sequence along the length direction of the catheter. The catheter carries the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit and is inserted into a borehole pre-drilled in the block and fixed. When the catheter is inserted into the borehole, the outer wall of the catheter is used to form an annular gap with the borehole wall for grouting.

6. The three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The demodulation module can also calculate the relative three-dimensional dislocation between any two blocks based on the three-dimensional dislocation measured by the multiple three-dimensional dislocation monitoring units.

7. A method for monitoring three-dimensional dislocation, characterized by: include: Preliminary preparation: Determine the depth of the fault structure in the fault zone through cores obtained from drilling and / or high-definition photography in the hole; The manufacturing method of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device according to any one of claims 4 to 6 is as follows: marking the position of each fault structure surface on the catheter and opening holes on both sides for fixing the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit; Installation of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring device: place the catheter carrying the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring unit into the borehole; inject grout into the annular gap between the outer wall of the catheter and the borehole wall; after the slurry solidifies, the outer wall of the catheter and the borehole wall form a local fixed structure, thereby allowing each of the three-dimensional dislocation monitoring units to form a local fixed structure with the rock mass.

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