Stable acidic bird droppings simulant and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a stable acidic bird droppings simulant and a preparation process thereof, and relates to the technical field of power grid anti-pollution flashover protection. According to the stable acidic bird droppings simulant, every 100 g of the bird droppings simulant is prepared from, by weight, 4-6 g of sodium chloride, 8-9 g of uric acid, 11-13 g of flour, 0.8-2 g of xanthan gum, 1-3 g of a compound and the balance water, the compound is a phosphate compound or a citric acid compound, the phosphate compound is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in the mass ratio of (1.5-2.5): (0.5-1.5), and the citric acid compound is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in the mass ratio of (1.5-2.5): (0.5-1.5). The citric acid compound is prepared from citric acid and sodium citrate in a mass ratio of (1.5-2.5): (1.0-1.5). The bird droppings simulant formula can be applied to long-period power transmission line pollution experiments, it is ensured that the pH value of the bird droppings simulant is stable, the comparability and credibility of experimental data are improved, and experimental results can provide important support for long-term protection strategies of power transmission lines under bird droppings pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti - pollution flashover protection for power grids, and particularly to a stable acidic bird droppings mimic and its preparation process. Background Art

[0002] The transmission lines in Inner Mongolia region have been in an environment with long - term dryness and strong wind and sand for a long time. The accumulation of dirt has a significant impact on the insulation performance of transmission lines. Bird droppings can not only cause the risk of pollution flashover in a short time but also accumulate on the surface of insulators for a long time, forming an uneven high - conductivity pollution layer. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in areas with less precipitation and inconvenient cleaning. Over time, the chemical composition of bird droppings will change. For example, uric acid decomposes in the air to form urea and ammonium bicarbonate, resulting in fluctuations in pH value, and then changing the conductance characteristics of the pollution layer. Especially in Inner Mongolia region, due to the large temperature difference between day and night, the chemical changes of bird droppings on insulators are more intense, making its pollution flashover characteristics difficult to predict.

[0003] Experiments have found that the pH value of bird droppings has a significant impact on both the corrosiveness and conductivity of the insulator surface. Generally, freshly excreted bird droppings have a slightly acidic pH value (about 4.5 - 5.5), but as the water evaporates and the components degrade, the pH value may rise to 7 or even higher, changing the electrical characteristics of bird droppings. High - pH bird droppings may not only cause corrosion of the glass glaze layer on the insulator surface but also affect the lifespan of metal components of transmission lines, increasing the maintenance cost. However, most of the existing bird droppings mimics do not consider the long - term stability of pH value. During the experiment, the pH may drift, resulting in inconsistencies in experimental results and affecting the reliability of data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a stable acidic bird droppings mimic and its preparation process to solve the above problems.

[0005] The present invention proposes a bird droppings mimic with a stable pH value. By adopting a new formula, its pH value is stabilized at 5.7, which is close to the true initial pH value of bird droppings, avoiding the influence of pH value change on conductivity and corrosiveness during the experiment, thereby improving the repeatability and reliability of experimental data. In addition, this mimic can be used in long - term pollution accumulation experiments to study the long - term impact of bird droppings on transmission line insulators under different climate conditions and provide reliable data support for the optimization of pollution - flashover - resistant insulating materials.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: A stable acidic bird droppings mimic, which is prepared from raw materials with the following weights per 100 g of the bird droppings mimic: 4 - 6 g of sodium chloride, 8 - 9 g of uric acid, 11 - 13 g of flour, 0.8 - 2 g of xanthan gum, 1 - 3 g of a composite, and the balance of water. The composite is a phosphate composite or a citrate composite. The phosphate composite is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5 - 2.5:0.5 - 1.5. The citrate composite is composed of citric acid and sodium citrate with a mass ratio of 1.5 - 2.5:1.0 - 1.5.

[0007] An appropriate amount of water is added in the formula of the present invention to provide a solvent and control the humidity at the same time; an appropriate amount of sodium chloride better mimics the electrolytes in bird droppings; an appropriate amount of uric acid improves the electrochemical similarity of bird droppings; an appropriate amount of flour increases the viscosity and improves the consistency and film-forming ability of the mimic; an appropriate amount of xanthan gum enhances the viscosity and provides a drawing property; an appropriate amount of phosphate composite / citrate composite better controls the acid stability. With a scientific formula in the whole, the physical and chemical properties of the bird droppings mimic are stable and it is better applied to the research on the anti-fouling flashover protection of the power grid.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the phosphate composite is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the citrate composite is composed of citric acid and sodium citrate with a mass ratio of 1.5:1.0.

[0010] A further technical solution is that a stable acidic bird droppings mimic is prepared from raw materials with the following weight ratios: 72.5 g of water, 4.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.5 g of flour, 1 g of xanthan gum, and 2 g of a phosphate composite. The phosphate composite is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5.

[0011] Furthermore, the preparation process of the stable acidic bird droppings mimic of the present invention includes the following steps: (1) Add water to a container, and the amount of water added is 65% - 75% of the total water consumption in the formula. Add the composite and stir until dissolved to obtain a composite solution. (2) Add sodium chloride and uric acid to the composite solution in step (1) in sequence and continuously stir to obtain a main solution. (3) Take xanthan gum, stir and disperse it in the remaining water in the formula, and add it to the main solution in step (2) and stir evenly. (4) Add flour and stir. (5) Seal and let it stand still.

[0012] A further technical solution is as follows: in step (2), the continuous stirring time is 10 - 20 minutes, and the stirring speed is 300 - 500 rpm.

[0013] A further technical solution is as follows: in step (3), the water temperature for stirring and dispersing is 50 - 60 °C, the stirring and dispersing speed is 800 - 1200 rpm, and the stirring and dispersing time is 5 - 10 minutes.

[0014] A further technical solution is as follows: in step (4), the stirring time is 15 - 25 minutes, and the stirring speed is 1200 - 1800 rpm.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The formula of the bird droppings mimic of the present invention can be applied to long - term transmission line pollution experiments, ensuring the stability of the pH value of the bird droppings mimic, improving the comparability and credibility of experimental data. The experimental results can provide important support for the long - term protection strategy of transmission lines under bird droppings pollution and be better applied to the anti - pollution flash protection of the power grid.

[0016] The bird droppings mimic of the present invention has the following technical breakthroughs: 1). Long - term stability of pH value: The present invention inhibits the degradation of uric acid through phosphate complex / citric acid complex, prevents the change of conductivity caused by pH fluctuation, and improves the reliability of experimental data.

[0017] 2). Suitable for long - term experiments: It can be used to study the long - term corrosion effect of bird droppings pollution on transmission lines and ensure the comparability of experimental data in different batches.

[0018] 3). Improve the storage stability of the mimic: Even after long - term storage, the physical and chemical properties of the mimic can still remain stable, which is suitable for large - scale experimental applications. Specific embodiments

[0019] To better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0022] Example 1 A stable acidic bird droppings mimic is prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratios: 4.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.5 g of flour, 1.0 g of xanthan gum, 2.0 g of complex, and 72.5 g of deionized water. The complex is a phosphate complex, and the phosphate complex is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5.

[0023] The preparation process of the above-mentioned guano mimic includes the following steps: First step: Add 50 g of deionized water and 2.0 g of the composite in a beaker, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a composite solution; Second step: Sequentially add 4.5 g of sodium chloride and 8.5 g of uric acid to the composite solution, continuously stir for 15 minutes, and the stirring speed is 400 rpm to obtain a main solution; Third step: Take 1.0 g of xanthan gum, stir and disperse it in 22.5 g of deionized water (55 °C ± 5 °C) at 1000 rpm for 8 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly; Fourth step: Add 11.5 g of flour and stir at a high speed of 1500 rpm for 20 minutes; Fifth step: Seal and let stand.

[0024] Let the sample stand for 30 days, and measure the pH value multiple times during this period. The results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 pH value detection results of the guano mimic in Example 1

[0025] The results show that when the sample stands for 30 days, the pH value does not change significantly, indicating that the acidic guano mimic in this example is stable and has a good effect.

[0026] Example 2 A stable acidic guano mimic is prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratios: 5.0 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.4 g of flour, 1.2 g of xanthan gum, 2.5 g of the composite, and 71.4 g of deionized water. The composite is a citric acid composite, and the citric acid composite is composed of citric acid and sodium citrate with a mass ratio of 1.5:1.0.

[0027] The preparation process of the above-mentioned guano mimic includes the following steps: First step: Add 50 g of deionized water and 2.5 g of the composite in a beaker, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a composite solution; Second step: Sequentially add 5.0 g of sodium chloride and 8.5 g of uric acid to the composite solution, continuously stir for 15 minutes, and the stirring speed is 400 rpm to obtain a main solution; Third step: Take 1.2 g of xanthan gum, stir and disperse it in 21.4 g of deionized water (55 °C ± 5 °C) at 1000 rpm for 8 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly; Fourth step: Add 11.4 g of flour and stir at a high speed of 1500 rpm for 20 minutes; Fifth step: Seal and let stand.

[0028] Let the sample stand still for 30 days, and measure the pH value multiple times during this period. The results are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Detection Results of pH Value of Guano Simulant in Example 2

[0029] The results show that after the sample stands still for 30 days, the pH value does not change significantly, indicating that the acidic guano simulant in this example has good stability.

[0030] Comparative Example 1 A stable acidic guano simulant is prepared from the following raw materials in the following weight ratios: 5.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 12.0 g of flour, 1.2 g of xanthan gum, and 72.8 g of water.

[0031] The preparation process of the above guano simulant includes the following steps: First step: Add 50 g of deionized water to a beaker; Second step: Add 5.5 g of sodium chloride and 8.5 g of uric acid to the deionized water in sequence, and continuously stir for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 400 rpm to obtain the main solution; Third step: Take 1.2 g of xanthan gum, stir and disperse it at 1000 rpm in 22.8 g of deionized water (55°C ± 5°C) for 8 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly; Fourth step: Add 12.0 g of flour and stir at high speed of 1500 rpm for 20 minutes; Fifth step: Seal and let it stand still.

[0032] Table 3 Detection Results of pH Value of Guano Simulant in Comparative Example 1

[0033] The results show that in Comparative Example 1, no complex was added, and the pH value had changed significantly after one day, indicating that the acidic guano simulant in this comparative example has poor stability.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 Based on Example 1, no complex was added, and the pH value fluctuated significantly after 1 day, indicating that the acidic guano simulant in this comparative example has poor stability.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 Based on Example 1, xanthan gum was replaced with guar gum. The results show that the pH value fluctuated significantly after 3 days.

[0036] Comparative Example 4 Based on Example 1, uric acid was replaced with acetic acid. The results show that the pH value fluctuated significantly after 1 day.

[0037] Comparative Example 5 Based on Example 2, the complex was replaced with sodium acetate and acetic acid with a mass ratio of 1.5:1.0. The results showed that the pH value fluctuated significantly after 10 days.

[0038] Comparative Example 6 Based on Example 1, the complex was composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 0.5:1.5. The results showed that the pH value fluctuated significantly on the 10th day.

[0039] Example 3 The main difference from Example 1 is: adjusting the ratio of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0040] A stable acidic guano mimic is prepared from the following raw materials in weight ratio: 4.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.5 g of flour, 1.0 g of xanthan gum, 2.0 g of complex, 72.5 g of deionized water. The complex is a phosphate complex composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5.

[0041] The preparation process of the above guano mimic includes the following steps: First step: Add 50 g of deionized water to a beaker, add 2.0 g of complex, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a complex solution; Second step: Add 4.5 g of sodium chloride and 8.5 g of uric acid to the complex solution in sequence, and continuously stir for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 400 rpm to obtain a main solution; Third step: Take 1.0 g of xanthan gum, disperse it by stirring at 1000 rpm in 22.5 g of deionized water (55 °C ± 5 °C) for 8 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly; Fourth step: Add 11.5 g of flour and stir at high speed at 1500 rpm for 20 minutes; Fifth step: Seal and let it stand. After standing for 30 days, the pH value did not change significantly and the acidity was stable.

[0042] Example 4 The main difference from Example 2 is: adjusting the ratio of citric acid and sodium citrate.

[0043] A stable acidic guano mimic is prepared from the following raw materials in weight ratio: 5.0 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.4 g of flour, 1.2 g of xanthan gum, 2.5 g of complex, 71.4 g of deionized water. The complex is a citric acid complex composed of citric acid and sodium citrate with a mass ratio of 2.5:1.5.

[0044] The preparation process of the above guano mimic includes the following steps: Step 1: Add 50 g of deionized water and 2.5 g of the complex in a beaker, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a complex solution. Step 2: Sequentially add 5.0 g of sodium chloride and 8.5 g of uric acid to the complex solution, continuously stir for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 400 rpm to obtain a main solution. Step 3: Take 1.2 g of xanthan gum, disperse it in 21.4 g of deionized water (55 °C ± 5 °C) by stirring at 1000 rpm for 8 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly. Step 4: Add 11.4 g of flour and stir at a high speed of 1500 rpm for 20 minutes. Step 5: Seal and let it stand. After standing for 30 days, the pH value has no significant change and the acidity is stable.

[0045] Example 5 The main difference from Example 1 is: adjusting the dosage of each raw material.

[0046] A stable acidic guano mimic is prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratios: 4.0 g of sodium chloride, 9.0 g of uric acid, 11.0 g of flour, 0.8 g of xanthan gum, 3.0 g of the complex, and 72.2 g of deionized water. The complex is a phosphate complex, and the phosphate complex is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5.

[0047] The preparation process of the above guano mimic includes the following steps: Step 1: Add 50 g of deionized water and 3.0 g of the complex in a beaker, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a complex solution. Step 2: Sequentially add 4.0 g of sodium chloride and 9.0 g of uric acid to the complex solution, continuously stir for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 400 rpm to obtain a main solution. Step 3: Take 0.8 g of xanthan gum, disperse it in 22.2 g of deionized water (55 °C ± 5 °C) by stirring at 1000 rpm for 8 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly. Step 4: Add 11.0 g of flour and stir at a high speed of 1500 rpm for 20 minutes. Step 5: Seal and let it stand. After standing for 30 days, the pH value has no significant change and the acidity is stable.

[0048] Example 6 The main difference from Example 1 is: adjusting the dosage of each raw material.

[0049] A stable acidic guano mimic, prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratios: 6.0 g of sodium chloride, 8.0 g of uric acid, 13.0 g of flour, 2.0 g of xanthan gum, 1.0 g of a complex, and 70.0 g of deionized water. The complex is a phosphate complex composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5.

[0050] The preparation process of the above guano mimic includes the following steps: First step: Add 50 g of deionized water to a beaker, add 1.0 g of the complex, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a complex solution. Second step: Sequentially add 6.0 g of sodium chloride and 8.0 g of uric acid to the complex solution, continuously stir for 15 minutes at a stirring speed of 400 rpm to obtain a main solution. Third step: Take 2.0 g of xanthan gum, disperse it by stirring at 1000 rpm for 8 minutes in 20.0 g of deionized water (55 °C ± 5 °C) to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly. Fourth step: Add 13.0 g of flour and stir at a high speed of 1500 rpm for 20 minutes. Fifth step: Seal and let it stand. After standing for 30 days, the pH value does not change significantly and the acidity is stable.

[0051] Example 7 The main difference from Example 1 is: adjusting the preparation process parameters.

[0052] A stable acidic guano mimic, prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratios: 4.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.5 g of flour, 1.0 g of xanthan gum, 2.0 g of a complex, and 72.5 g of deionized water. The complex is a phosphate complex composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5.

[0053] The preparation process of the above guano mimic includes the following steps: First step: Add 50 g of deionized water to a beaker, add 2.0 g of the complex, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a complex solution. Second step: Sequentially add 4.5 g of sodium chloride and 8.5 g of uric acid to the complex solution, continuously stir for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 500 rpm to obtain a main solution. Third step: Take 1.0 g of xanthan gum, disperse it by stirring at 800 rpm for 10 minutes in 22.5 g of deionized water (55 °C ± 5 °C) to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly. Fourth step: Add 11.5 g of flour and stir at a high speed of 1200 rpm for 25 minutes. Step 5: Seal and let it stand still for 30 days. There is no significant change in the pH value, and the acidity is stable.

[0054] Example 8 The main difference from Example 1 is: adjusting the preparation process parameters.

[0055] A stable acidic guano mimic is prepared from raw materials in the following weight ratios: 4.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.5 g of flour, 1.0 g of xanthan gum, 2.0 g of a complex, and 72.5 g of deionized water. The complex is a phosphate complex, and the phosphate complex is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.5.

[0056] The preparation process of the above guano mimic includes the following steps: Step 1: Add 50 g of deionized water to a beaker, add 2.0 g of the complex, and stir until completely dissolved to obtain a complex solution; Step 2: Add 4.5 g of sodium chloride and 8.5 g of uric acid to the complex solution in sequence, and continuously stir for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 300 rpm to obtain a main solution; Step 3: Take 1.0 g of xanthan gum, disperse it in 22.5 g of deionized water (55°C ± 5°C) at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes to form a uniform dispersion, and then slowly add it to the main solution and stir evenly; Step 4: Add 11.5 g of flour and stir at a high speed of 1800 rpm for 15 minutes; Step 5: Seal and let it stand still for 30 days. There is no significant change in the pH value, and the acidity is stable.

[0057] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stable acidic guano mimic, characterized in that, Every 100 g of the bird droppings mimic is prepared from raw materials with the following weights: 4 - 6 g of sodium chloride, 8 - 9 g of uric acid, 11 - 13 g of flour, 0.8 - 2 g of xanthan gum, 1 - 3 g of a complex, and the balance of water. The complex is a phosphate complex or a citrate complex. The phosphate complex is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5 - 2.5:0.5 - 1.

5. The citrate complex is composed of citric acid and sodium citrate with a mass ratio of 1.5 - 2.5:1.0 - 1.

5.

2. The stable acidic guano mimic according to claim 1, wherein The phosphate complex is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5:0.

5.

3. The stable acidic guano mimetic according to claim 1, characterized in that, The citrate complex is composed of citric acid and sodium citrate with a mass ratio of 1.5:

1.

4. The stable acidic guano analog according to claim 1, wherein It is prepared from raw materials with the following weight ratios: 72.5 g of water, 4.5 g of sodium chloride, 8.5 g of uric acid, 11.5 g of flour, 1 g of xanthan gum, and 2 g of a phosphate complex. The phosphate complex is composed of sodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass ratio of 1.5:0.

5.

5. The preparation process of the stable acidic guano analog according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Add water to a container, add the complex, and stir until dissolved to obtain a complex solution. (2) Sequentially add sodium chloride and uric acid to the complex solution in step (1), and continuously stir to obtain a main solution. (3) Take xanthan gum, stir and disperse it in water, and add it to the main solution in step (2) and stir evenly. (4) Add flour and stir. (5) Seal and let it stand.

6. The preparation process of the stable acidic guano mimic according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (2), the continuous stirring time is 10 - 20 minutes, and the stirring speed is 300 - 500 rpm.

7. The preparation process of the stable acidic guano analog according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (3), the water temperature for the stirring and dispersion is 50 - 60 °C.

8. The preparation process of the stable acidic guano analog according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that, In step (3), the stirring and dispersion speed is 800 - 1200 rpm, and the stirring and dispersion time is 5 - 10 minutes.

9. The preparation process of the stable acidic guano analog according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (4), the stirring time is 15 - 25 minutes, and the stirring speed is 1200 - 1800 rpm.

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