Flow state antenna and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a flow state antenna and a design method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of antennas and microwaves. The non-uniform circular ring is formed by loading the flow state materials and the sector ring patches with different inner and outer radius ratios above the dielectric substrate, and the feed dipole is loaded below the dielectric substrate, so that the circularly polarized reconstruction characteristic is realized. The flow state material is contained in a non-metal cylinder container with the upper bottom face and the lower bottom face being in a sector ring shape and is connected with the sector ring patch outside the container through a metal conductor. The antenna has a series of advantages of reconfigurable circular polarization characteristic, wide wave beam, simple structure, low profile and the like, and has wide application prospects in mobile communication, satellite communication, deep space exploration and anti-interference systems, and the radiation characteristic of variable polarization modes is realized by utilizing the characteristic that the fluid state material is flowable. The antenna has a series of advantages of variable polarization characteristics, wide beam, simple structure, low profile and the like, and has wide application prospects in mobile communication, satellite communication, deep space exploration and anti-interference systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fluid antenna and its design method, belonging to the field of antenna and microwave technology. Background Art

[0002] In a mobile communication network, communication devices are gradually developing towards miniaturization, multi-functionality, light weight, etc. Although current traditional antennas can achieve the function of reconfigurable radiation patterns, they need to rely on additional equipment for assistance. The fluid antenna uses non-solid metal to replace the traditional solid conductor, and has the advantages of small volume, light weight, good flexibility, low cost, etc. It can change the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna by dynamically adjusting the shape, position or distribution of the fluid material, which is beneficial to signal reception. The flowable characteristic of the fluid material endows the antenna with high flexibility and reconfigurability, and is suitable for scenarios of multi-band, multi-function or adaptive communication. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a fluid antenna and its design method. The obtained antenna can adjust the position of the fluid material by gravity and achieve the radiation characteristic of variable polarization mode. The antenna has a series of advantages such as simple structure, low profile, wide beam, etc. Without the need for additional equipment control, it can complete the reconstruction of circular polarization characteristics and has broad application prospects in mobile communication, satellite communication and deep space exploration, as well as anti-jamming systems.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: On the one hand, a design method of a fluid antenna is provided, and the method includes: Providing non-overlapping sector-ring patches and non-metal cylindrical containers on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; Providing a feeding dipole below the dielectric substrate and feeding it in a horizontal attachment feeding manner; Loading the fluid material into the non-metal cylindrical container to form a fluid material ring; Symmetrically opening holes at both ends of the non-metal cylindrical container, inserting one end of two metal conductors through the holes into the inner cavity of the non-metal cylindrical container respectively, and connecting the other ends to the sector-ring patches respectively.

[0005] Preferably, the non-metal cylindrical container is a cylindrical structure with sector-ring-shaped upper and lower bottom surfaces, and the non-metal cylindrical container is symmetric about the central axis of the sector-ring patch.

[0006] Preferably, the central angle of the sector-ring patch is set to 90° - 270°.

[0007] Preferably, the inner diameter of the fluid material ring is the same as that of the sector-ring patch, but the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter is different.

[0008] Preferably, the inner diameter of the non-metallic cylindrical container is greater than or equal to 0.15 wavelength, and the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius is greater than or equal to 1:1.5.

[0009] Preferably, the inner diameter of the sector-ring patch is greater than or equal to 0.16 wavelength, the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius is greater than or equal to 1:1.05, and its central angle is set to 90° - 270°.

[0010] Preferably, the fluid material does not fill the non-metallic cylindrical container, and the central angle of the fluid material ring is set to 45° - 170°.

[0011] Preferably, the feeding dipole is composed of two rectangular patches. The length of each rectangular patch is greater than or equal to 0.1 wavelength and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelength, and the width is greater than or equal to 0.02 wavelength and less than or equal to 0.2 wavelength.

[0012] Preferably, the feeding dipole is symmetric about the central axis of the sector-ring patch, and its center coincides with the center of the sector-ring patch.

[0013] On the other hand, a fluid antenna is also provided, and the antenna is obtained by the above-mentioned design method.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical solutions and has the following technical effects: while maintaining a low profile, the present invention loads a non-uniform circular ring composed of a fluid material and a sector-ring patch with the same inner diameter but different ratios of the inner radius to the outer radius above the dielectric substrate, and loads a feeding dipole below the dielectric substrate. The fluid material is contained in a non-metallic cylindrical container with sector-ring upper and lower bottoms, and is connected to a part of the sector-ring patch outside the container using a metal conductor. Without the assistance of additional equipment, the present invention utilizes the flowable characteristics of the fluid material to achieve a radiation characteristic with variable polarization, which can be dynamically adjusted according to different communication environments and requirements to improve communication performance. The antenna has a series of advantages such as reconfigurable circular polarization characteristics, wide beam, simple structure, and low profile, and has broad application prospects in mobile communication, satellite communication and deep space exploration, as well as anti-jamming systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the antenna and the reference coordinates in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional solid of the antenna and the reference coordinates in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is the antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated by the HFSS software for the antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4In an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiation pattern calculated by HFSS software is shown here.

[0019] Figure 5 In an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiation axial ratio diagram calculated by HFSS software is shown here.

[0020] Wherein, 1 is the dielectric substrate, 2 is a non-metallic cylindrical container with fan-shaped ring upper and lower bottoms, 3 is the fluid material, 4 is the fan-shaped ring patch, 5 and 5' are two rectangular patches constituting the feeding dipole, 6 and 6' are the metal conductors at both ends of the non-metallic cylindrical container, and 7 is the central axis of the fan-shaped ring patch. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] The following will describe in detail the implementation manners of the present invention. The examples of the implementation manners are shown in the drawings. The implementation manners described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0022] Those skilled in the art of the present technology can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used here have the same meaning as the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with an idealized or overly formal meaning unless defined as here.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings: The fluid antenna designed by the present invention is composed of a dielectric substrate 1, a non-metallic cylindrical container 2, a feeding dipole, and a non-uniform circular ring. The geometric structure of the non-metallic cylindrical container 2 is a cylinder with fan-shaped ring upper and lower bottoms. The non-uniform circular ring is composed of a fluid material ring and a fan-shaped ring patch 4 with the same inner diameter but different inner and outer radius ratios. The fluid material ring is formed by the fluid material 3 contained in the non-metallic cylindrical container. Symmetrical holes are opened at both ends of the non-metallic cylindrical container 2, and metal conductors are used to connect the fluid material with the fan-shaped ring patch 4 outside the non-metallic cylindrical container 2 to form a non-uniform circular ring. The feeding dipole 5 is loaded below the dielectric substrate 1 and is fed by a horizontal attachment feeding method.

[0024] The fluid material 3 in the present invention includes all flowable fluid materials, such as plasma fluid, thermosensitive fluid material, liquid fluid material, mixed-state fluid material, etc.

[0025] Such as Figure 1 and 2As shown, in one embodiment, a circular FR4 dielectric substrate 1 is adopted in this embodiment, with a relative dielectric constant of 2.65 and a radius of 32 mm; the inner diameter of the non-metallic cylindrical container 2 is 19 mm, the outer diameter is 29 mm, the ratio of the inner and outer radii is equal to 1:1.5, the height is 2.5 mm, and its central angle is 180°; the wall thickness of the non-metallic cylindrical container 2 is 1 mm; the inner diameter of the fan-shaped ring patch 4 is 20 mm, the outer diameter is 21 mm, the ratio of the inner and outer radii is equal to 1:1.05, and its central angle is 180°. At this time, the fan-shaped ring patch 4 is a semi-circular ring structure; and both the non-metallic cylindrical container 2 and the semi-circular ring structure are loaded above the circular dielectric substrate 1; a certain amount of liquid metal is used as the fluid material 3 and is contained in the non-metallic cylindrical container 2, with an inner diameter of 20 mm, an outer diameter of 28 mm, and a height of 1 mm; the feeding dipole is composed of two rectangular patches 5, 5', which are loaded below the dielectric substrate. The length of each rectangular patch is 16 mm and the width is 6 mm, and they are symmetric about the central axis of the semi-circular ring structure.

[0026] In this embodiment, the liquid metal can flow to different positions in the non-metallic cylindrical container, corresponding to different radiation states. When the liquid metal completely flows to one end of the non-metallic cylindrical container 2, its central angle is 130°. The state of the liquid metal in contact with the +x axial metal conductor 6 is denoted as state 1, and the state of the liquid metal in contact with the -x axial metal conductor 6' is denoted as state 2.

[0027] The various characteristics of the antenna obtained by simulating and calculating with HFSS software: Figure 3 is the antenna reflection coefficient characteristic of this embodiment calculated by HFSS software. The black solid line and the gray dashed line respectively represent the reflection coefficients when the liquid metal is used as the fluid material 3 and is in contact with the +x axial metal conductor 6 and the -x axial metal conductor 6'. When the fluid material 3 is in contact with metal conductors at different positions, the antenna reflection coefficient results are basically the same, and the impedance bandwidth covers the frequency band from 2.38 GHz to 2.63 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 9.98%.

[0028] Figure 4 is the antenna radiation pattern of this embodiment calculated by HFSS software. The black solid line and the gray solid line respectively represent the left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization radiation patterns when the frequency is 2.45 GHz and the fluid material 3 is in contact with the +x axial metal conductor 6. In the +z axial direction, the main circular polarization radiation mode is right-handed circular polarization; the black dashed line and the gray dashed line respectively represent the left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization radiation patterns when the frequency is 2.45 GHz and the fluid material 3 is in contact with the -xWhen contacting the metal conductor 6' in the axial direction, the left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization radiation patterns, at +z the axial direction, the main circular polarization radiation mode is left-handed circular polarization. Thus, it can be seen that the antenna realizes the +z circular polarization characteristic with variable axial direction through the fluidity of the fluid material 3.

[0029] Figure 5 is the radiation axial ratio diagram of the antenna of this embodiment calculated by HFSS software. The black solid line represents the radiation axial ratio diagram when the fluid material 3 contacts the +x metal conductor 6 in the axial direction, and the gray solid line represents the radiation axial ratio diagram when the fluid material 3 contacts the -x metal conductor 6' in the axial direction. According to the results, it can be seen that when the fluid material 3 contacts the metal conductors at different positions, the antenna can realize the 3dB circular polarization radiation characteristic in the frequency band of 2.35GHz - 2.60GHz. Combining Figure 3 the reflection coefficient characteristic of the antenna of this embodiment, the antenna of this embodiment can realize the 3dB circular polarization radiation characteristic in the frequency band of 2.38GHz - 2.60GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 8.84%.

[0030] In summary, a fluid antenna proposed by the present invention realizes the circular polarization reconstruction characteristic by loading a fluid material 3 and a sector ring patch 4 with different ratios of inner and outer radii above the dielectric substrate 1, and loading a feeding dipole 5 below the dielectric substrate 1. The fluid material 3 is contained in a non-metal cylindrical container 2 with sector ring-shaped upper and lower bottom surfaces, and is connected to the sector ring patch 4 outside the container through a metal conductor. Utilizing the fluidity of the fluid material 3 to realize the circular polarization radiation characteristics of different rotation directions, it can be dynamically adjusted according to different communication environments and requirements to improve communication performance. This antenna has a series of advantages such as reconfigurable circular polarization characteristics, wide beam, simple structure, and low profile, and has broad application prospects in mobile communication, satellite communication and deep space exploration, as well as anti-jamming systems.

[0031] The above is only the specific implementation manner in the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any transformation or replacement that can be understood and conceived by those familiar with the technology within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing a flow antenna, characterized in that: The method comprises: Disposing non-overlapping fan ring patches (4) and non-metallic column containers (2) on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate (1); A feeding dipole is arranged below the dielectric substrate (1), and feeding is performed by adopting a horizontal attachment feeding method; The fluid material (3) is contained in a non-metallic cylindrical container (2) to form a fluid material ring; Holes are symmetrically opened at both ends of the non-metallic cylindrical container (2); one end of two metal conductors (6, 6') respectively penetrates through the openings and extends into the inner cavity of the non-metallic cylindrical container (2); and the other ends are respectively connected to the fan ring patch (4).

2. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-metallic column container (2) is a column structure with upper and lower bottom surfaces both in the shape of a fan ring, and the non-metallic column container (2) is symmetrical about the central axis (7) of the fan ring patch (4).

3. The design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central angle of the fan ring patch (4) is set to 90°-270°.

4. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameters of the fluid material ring and the fan ring patch (4) are the same, but the ratios of the inner and outer diameters are different.

5. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the non-metallic cylindrical container (2) is greater than or equal to 0.15 wavelengths, the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius is greater than or equal to 1:1.5, and the central angle is set to 90°-270°.

6. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the sector ring patch (4) is greater than or equal to 0.16 wavelengths, and the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius is greater than or equal to 1:1.

05.

7. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid material does not fill the non-metallic cylindrical container (2), and the center angle of the fluid material ring is set to 45°-170°.

8. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding dipole is composed of two rectangular patches (5, 5'), each of which has a length greater than or equal to 0.1 wavelength and less than or equal to 0.25 wavelength, and a width greater than or equal to 0.02 wavelength and less than or equal to 0.1 wavelength.

9. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding dipole is symmetrical about the central axis (7) of the fan ring patch (4), and the center thereof coincides with the center of the circle of the fan ring patch (4).

10. A flow antenna, characterized in that: The antenna is obtained by the design method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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