Wire feeding nozzle, layer forming device, and layer forming method

Abstract

At least a portion of the wire supply nozzle (12) is disposed within a range through which the shielding gas (13) passes. The wire supply nozzle (12) has a wire tube section (12a) that is irradiated with heat that melts the wire-shaped shaping material (8) and supplies the shaping material (8) to a processing region to which the shielding gas (13) is supplied. The wire supply nozzle (12) has a plate-shaped protrusion (200) that protrudes downstream from the wire tube section (12a) in the direction in which the shielding gas (13) flows, and the width of the plate-shaped protrusion (200) is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube section (12a).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wire supply nozzle, a laminated manufacturing apparatus, and a laminated manufacturing method for melting a shaping material and performing lamination. Background Art

[0002] In metal additive manufacturing, there are the following methods: a PBF (Powder Bed Fusion) method in which metal powder is laid and a shaping part is irradiated with a laser to melt and solidify the metal powder; and a DED (Directed Energy Deposition) method in which a material is melted, combined, and deposited by concentrated thermal energy. In the DED method, there are the following methods: in order to suppress oxidation of a shaping object that becomes high temperature due to melting, a protective gas such as argon or nitrogen is supplied from a gas nozzle to a processing area, and the shaping object in the processing area is covered with the protective gas, and a method of filling a chamber including the processing area with the protective gas.

[0003] When the protective gas is supplied from above to the processing area, the wire supply nozzle for supplying the shaping material becomes an obstacle, and the shaping object blocked by the wire supply nozzle cannot be covered with the protective gas, reducing the oxidation suppression effect. Patent Document 1 shows a protective gas nozzle for metal shaping, which includes: a wire supply line having an inclination angle for supplying a wire to a processing area; a supply nozzle having a gas supply line with a first gas ejection hole for ejecting the protective gas at an angle less than or equal to the inclination angle; and a split gas supply line having a second gas ejection hole for ejecting the protective gas at an angle different from the first gas ejection hole.

[0004] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 2020 / 213051 Summary of the Invention

[0005] However, in Patent Document 1, a complex and costly structure including a supply nozzle and a split gas supply line is required, and the supply nozzle has a wire supply line and a gas supply line. In addition, in the structure of Patent Document 1, the area where the atmosphere is blocked is small, and when the relative positions of the wire and the shaping object change during shaping, there is also a problem that the entry of the atmosphere into the processing area cannot be sufficiently blocked.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to obtain a wire supply nozzle that can sufficiently block the entry of the atmosphere into the processing area with a simple and low-cost structure.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, at least a part of the wire supply nozzle of the present invention is arranged within the range through which the protective gas passes. The wire supply nozzle has a wire tube portion that is irradiated with heat for melting a wire-shaped shaping material and supplies the shaping material to a processing area where the protective gas is supplied. The wire supply nozzle has a plate-shaped protruding portion that protrudes downstream from the wire tube portion along the direction in which the protective gas flows. The width of the plate-shaped protruding portion is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube portion.

[0008] Effects of the Invention

[0009] According to the wire supply nozzle of the present invention, the following effect can be obtained, that is, the entry of the atmosphere into the processing area can be sufficiently blocked by a simple and low-cost structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a front view showing the structure of the laminated shaping system according to Embodiment 1.

[0011] Figure 2 It is an oblique view showing a structural example of the rotation mechanism of the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0012] Figure 3 It is a front view showing another arrangement example of the wire supply nozzle in the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0013] Figure 4 It is a top view showing another arrangement example of the wire supply nozzle in the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0014] Figure 5 It is a front view showing a structural example in the case where a laser beam is used as a heat source in the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0015] Figure 6 It is a front view showing the structure of the protruding portion in the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0016] Figure 7 It is a side view showing the structures of the wire supply nozzle and the protruding portion in the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0017] Figure 8 It is a front view showing the structure of the first modification example of the protruding portion in the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0018] Figure 9 It is a side view showing the structure of the second modification example of the protruding portion in the laminated shaping device according to Embodiment 1.

[0019] Figure 10It is a side view showing the structure of a third modification example of the convex portion in the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 1.

[0020] Figure 11 It is a top view showing an example of the oxygen concentration distribution on the surface of the deposit in the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 1.

[0021] Figure 12 It is a top view showing an example of the oxygen concentration distribution on the surface of the deposit in a comparative example where the convex portion is not installed on the wire supply nozzle.

[0022] Figure 13 It is a front view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 2.

[0023] Figure 14 It is a side view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 3.

[0024] Figure 15 It is an oblique view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 3.

[0025] Figure 16 It is a side view showing other structures in the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 3.

[0026] Figure 17 It is a front view showing other structures of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 3.

[0027] Figure 18 It is a side view showing other structures of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 3.

[0028] Figure 19 It is a side view showing another other structure in the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 3.

[0029] Figure 20 It is a side view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 4.

[0030] Figure 21 It is a front view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 4.

[0031] Figure 22 It is a front view showing the structure of the first modification example of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 4.

[0032] Figure 23 It is a front view showing the structure of the second modification example of the wire supply nozzle and the convex portion according to Embodiment 4.

[0033] Figure 24 This is a front view showing the state where the convex part having the first shape is mounted on the wire tube part in the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 5.

[0034] Figure 25 This is a front view showing the state where the convex part having the second shape is mounted on the wire tube part in the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 5.

[0035] Figure 26 This is a front view showing the state where the convex part having the third shape is mounted on the wire tube part in the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 5.

[0036] Figure 27 This is a block diagram showing the structure of the machine learning apparatus related to the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 6.

[0037] Figure 28 This is a flowchart showing the learning processing sequence of the machine learning apparatus related to the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 6.

[0038] Figure 29 This is a block diagram showing the structure of the inference apparatus related to the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 6.

[0039] Figure 30 This is a flowchart showing the inference processing sequence of the inference apparatus related to the laminated manufacturing apparatus according to Embodiment 6. Detailed Embodiments

[0040] Next, the wire supply nozzle, the laminated manufacturing apparatus, and the laminated manufacturing method according to the embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0041] Embodiment 1.

[0042] (Explanation of the basic structure of the laminated manufacturing apparatus)

[0043] Figure 1 This is a front view showing the structure of the laminated manufacturing system 1000 according to Embodiment 1. The laminated manufacturing system 1000 includes a machining program generation device 21 and a laminated manufacturing device 100. The laminated manufacturing device 100 is a device having a DED method laminated manufacturing technology. The machining program generation device 21 generates a basic machining program 22 transmitted to the control unit 20.

[0044] The laminated manufacturing device 100 includes a control unit 20, a gas supply device 3, a pipe 4, a processing head 5, a heat source supply port 6, a gas nozzle 7, a shaping material supply unit 11, a convex part 200, a workbench 18, a rotating member 23, and a rotating mechanism 19. The shaping material supply unit 11 includes a rotating motor 9, a wire spool 10, and a wire supply nozzle 12.

[0045] The laminated forming apparatus 100 performs laminated forming in which the forming material 8 is melted by the heat source 14 based on the basic processing program 22 generated by the processing program generation device 21, and the melted forming material 8 is attached to the base material 17, the deposit 16, etc. The base material 17 is provided on the rotating mechanism 19, and the deposit 16 is provided on the base material 17. The laminated forming apparatus 100 supplies the forming material 8 to the processing area 15 through the forming material supply unit 11 composed of the rotary motor 9, the wire spool 10, and the wire supply nozzle 12. The wire supply nozzle 12 has a wire tube portion 12a having a tubular shape in which an inner wall and an outer wall are formed concentrically with respect to the central axis. The forming material 8 is wound around the wire spool 10, passes through the inside of the inner wall of the wire tube portion 12a, and the forming material 8 is guided to the processing area 15. The wire spool 10 is rotated by the rotary motor 9, whereby the forming material 8 is supplied to the processing area 15.

[0046] The protective gas 13 is supplied from the gas supply device 3. The protective gas 13 is transported to the gas nozzle 7 via the pipe 4 and is jetted from above to the processing area 15. As the type of the protective gas 13, argon, which is an inert gas, can be cited. In addition to this, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. can be cited.

[0047] The wire supply nozzle 12 is disposed within the range through which the protective gas 13 passes. A protrusion 200 is attached to the wire tube portion 12a of the wire supply nozzle 12. As the material of the forming material 8 supplied from the wire supply nozzle 12, metal and resin can be cited. In addition, the forming material 8 is not limited to wire, and powder material can also be ejected by high-pressure air or the like. As the form of the forming material 8, wire form, powder form, and liquid form can be cited. The protrusion 200 is attached to the wire tube portion 12a and is loaded on the downwind side of the protective gas 13. In addition, the wire tube portion 12a and the protrusion 200 may be an integral part. In this case, if cutting processing is performed, it is difficult to improve the accuracy due to reasons such as distortion of the wire tube portion 12a, and the forming is difficult. Therefore, a component can be manufactured by using a 3D (Three Dimensions) printer. As the material of the protrusion 200, metal materials such as copper, SUS, and Al are cited. Since sputtering generated during forming hardly adheres to the protrusion 200, chromium copper or the like can also be used.

[0048] In Figure 1 this, the X-axis direction corresponds to one direction of the horizontal direction parallel to the plane of the base material 17. The Y-axis direction corresponds to one direction parallel to the plane of the base material 17 and perpendicular to the X-axis direction. The Z-axis direction corresponds to the vertical direction (height direction) perpendicular to the plane of the base material 17.

[0049] Figure 2 is a perspective view showing a structural example of the rotation mechanism 19 of the laminated molding apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. The rotation mechanism 19 rotates the base material 17 and the worktable 18 about the a-axis and the c-axis based on a drive command determined by the control unit 20. The a-axis is perpendicular to the c-axis. If the worktable 18 rotates, the relative angles and positions of the base material 17 and the processing head 5 change. The rotation mechanism 19 may include a rotating member 23 that rotates about the Figure 2 a-axis and c-axis as rotation axes. The worktable 18 can be fixed to the rotating member 23. Further, the rotation mechanism 19 can rotate the rotating member 23 and the worktable 18 based on a drive command. For example, the rotation mechanism 19 can be configured to independently execute the rotation of two rotating members in the rotation direction rc about the c-axis and the rotation direction ra about the a-axis. The orientations of the a-axis and the c-axis can be set to any orientations. For example, the a-axis can be set parallel to the X-axis, and the c-axis can be set parallel to the Z-axis. Additionally, for example, the rotation mechanism 19 can include servo motors that perform the two rotations in the rotation direction ra and the rotation direction rc. By using the rotation mechanism 19, for example, it is possible to perform laminated molding of complex shapes that require a five-axis structure when approaching the processing position. Further, the rotation mechanism 19 may not be provided. For example, a laminated molding system 1000 that is only for the purpose of performing simple molding such as walls and lines does not need to be a laminated molding using a rotation mechanism.

[0050] The machining program generation device 21 may also be a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) device that generates a basic machining program 22 for controlling the laminated molding apparatus 100. The machining program generation device 21 generates the basic machining program 22 based on externally input data such as the lamination height and shape information. If the data is such that the machining program generation device 21 can generate the basic machining program 22, the external data may be in the form of CAD (Computer Aided Design) data or the like.

[0051] In Figure 1 , the orientation of the axis of the wire tube portion 12a of the wire supply nozzle 12 is an acute angle with respect to the plane of the base material 17, but it is not necessarily required to have an acute angle. As long as the molding material 8 can be guided to the processing area 15, for example, the relationship between the orientation of the axis of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the plane of the base material 17 can be perpendicular. In Figure 1 , there is one wire supply nozzle 12, but there may also be multiple wire supply nozzles.

[0052] Figure 3This is a front view showing another arrangement example of the wire supply nozzle 12 in the laminating manufacturing apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 4 This is a top view showing another arrangement example of the wire supply nozzle 12 in the laminating manufacturing apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 3 This is a view of the wire supply nozzle 12 as viewed from the Y-axis direction. Figure 4 This is a view of the wire supply nozzle 12 as viewed from the Z-axis direction. In Figure 3 and Figure 4 A plurality of wire supply nozzles 12 are arranged. Specifically, two wire supply nozzles 12 are arranged such that the tips of the two molding materials 8 have an angle and face each other in the processing area 15. If it is a position where the molding material 8 can be supplied to the processing area 15, the arrangement position of the wire supply nozzle 12 can be any position. Different molding materials 8 can be supplied from the plurality of wire supply nozzles 12 respectively. In this case, it is possible to select and supply the type of molding material 8 desired from the plurality of wire supply nozzles 12. When the molding materials 8 supplied from each wire supply nozzle 12 are the same, the following method can be adopted, that is, the molding material 8 is simultaneously supplied to the processing area 15 and melted by the heat source 14 for lamination. Thus, the supply amount of the molding material 8 per unit time increases, and if the heat source 14 required to melt the molding material 8 can be supplied to the processing area 15, the molding speed can be faster and high-speedization in laminating manufacturing can be achieved. In addition, the wire supply nozzle 12 may have a mechanism capable of rotating around the axis of the wire supply nozzle 12. A servo actuator is cited as the actuator of this mechanism. Since the wire supply nozzle 12 can rotate, it is possible to cope with the direction dependence of the molding of the wire supply nozzle 12, and molding can be performed while facing the direction in which the wire supply nozzle 12 is easily molded.

[0053] The base material 17 can use a material different from the molding material 8. In this case, due to differences in material properties such as the difference in melting point between the base material 17 and the molding material 8 and the absorption rate of the heat source 14, the two may not be joined. In this case, the following method is cited as a countermeasure, that is, the base material 17 is heated in advance by the heat source 14, and the molding material 8 is heated by passing an electric current therethrough so that the melting-in of the base material 17 and the molding material 8 is joined more favorably.

[0054] In Figure 1In [the figure], the heat source supply port 6 is installed in the +Z axis direction when viewed from the base material 17, but its position is not limited. For example, it is a position where the axis of the heat source supply port 6 has an angle not perpendicular to the surface of the base material 17, and the heat source 14 is supplied to the processing area 15. In addition, there may be multiple heat source supply ports 6. In this case, the heat source 14 can be supplied to the processing area 15 simultaneously from multiple heat source supply ports 6, or only one of the multiple heat source supply ports 6 supplies the heat source 14. By having multiple heat source supply ports 6, a high-output heat source 14 can be supplied. In addition, by supplying the heat source 14 to the processing area 15 from different positions of the heat source supply port 6, the heat source 14 does not directly hit the modeling material 8, and the base material 17 and the deposit 16 can be directly heated, and sometimes it becomes easier to fuse between the modeling material 8 and the base material 17.

[0055] It is sufficient that the heat source 14 can heat and melt the modeling material 8, and any method can be used. For example, consider the case of using a laser beam as the heat source 14. Figure 5 It is a front view showing a structural example in the case of using a laser beam as the heat source 14 in the layer stacking modeling apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. The laser beam as the heat source 14 is generated by amplifying light with a laser oscillator 1, passes through an optical cable 2, is supplied to a beam supply nozzle as the heat source supply port 6, and is output to the processing area 15. The wavelength of the laser beam can be arbitrarily changed according to the modeling material 8. For example, when the modeling material 8 is copper, the wavelength of blue laser can be used. As the heat source 14, in addition to the laser beam, the following method can also be considered, that is, by heating the wire supply nozzle 12 with infrared rays or a heater using radiant heat, the temperature of the modeling material 8 is raised to the melting point to melt it. In the method of heating the wire supply nozzle 12, since the heat source supply port 6 is not required, it can be removed.

[0056] (Order of layer stacking modeling)

[0057] The control unit 20 moves the processing head 5 to a position on the base material 17 determined by the basic machining program 22, outputs the heat source 14 to the base material 17, and melts the shaping material 8 supplied from the wire supply nozzle 12 of the processing head 5 to the processing area 15. At this time, the protective gas 13 supplied from the gas supply device 3 is transported to the gas nozzle 7 via the pipe 4 and ejected from the gas nozzle 7 to the upper part of the processing area 15. In addition, while moving the processing head 5, the shaping material 8 is supplied, and the melted shaping material 8 solidifies in a bead shape on the base material 17 due to the surface tension or viscosity of the shaping material 8 and is deposited to generate the deposit 16. The shaping material 8 is melted on the deposit 16 or the base material 17 and repeatedly solidified in a bead shape, thereby continuously forming the deposit 16 into a desired shaped object. The bead-shaped deposit 16 formed by melting the shaping material 8 has its height and width of the bead shape changed due to multiple factors including the material of the shaping material 8, the supply speed, the output of the heat source 14, the speed when moving the processing head 5, or the shape of the deposit 16. Therefore, sensor feedback control can be adopted, that is, the state of the melted shaping material 8 is obtained by a camera or a thermal imager, etc., and based on this information, the control unit 20 changes the speed of the processing head 5 and the output command value of the heat source 14. As the bead shape, a wire bead shape or a spot bead shape is considered.

[0058] If the lamination forming apparatus 100 of the first embodiment can laminate the shaping material 8 into an arbitrary workpiece, lamination forming can be performed, so the forming freedom is large. The surfaces of the base material 17 and the deposit 16 of the workpiece to be laminated do not have to be flat, and can also be curved surfaces that can be laminated. In addition, in the case where lamination cannot be performed in the direction where the shaping material 8 is desired to be laminated due to the influence of gravity or the like, the axis of the rotation mechanism 19 is driven to change the attitude of the base material 17 so that lamination can be performed.

[0059] The lamination forming apparatus 100 generates the deposit 16 as a shaped object by laminating the shaping material 8, but is not only applied to the production of shaped objects, but can also be applied to the use of repairing defects of workpieces. For example, consider the case of repairing a workpiece with a part of the defect. The shaping material 8 of the workpiece is filled in the defect part by the lamination forming apparatus 100. Then, by using grinding or the like on the raised part after repair, it is possible to restore to the shape before the defect.

[0060] (Structure of wire supply nozzle 12, protrusion 200)

[0061] Figure 6 It is a front view showing the structure of the protrusion 200 in the lamination forming apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. Figure 7This is a side view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200 in the laminating manufacturing apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. Figure 6 This is a view of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200 as viewed from the Y-axis direction. Figure 7 This is a view of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200 as viewed from the X-axis direction.

[0062] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, the protrusion 200 is installed below the wire tube portion 12a of the wire supply nozzle 12. In other words, the protrusion 200 protrudes downstream from the wire tube portion 12a in the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows. And, in other words, the protrusion 200 is in the shape of a thin plate that hangs down from a part or the whole of the wire tube portion 12a in the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows so as to be located downstream of the shielding gas 13 ejected from the gas nozzle 7. In Embodiment 1, the direction of the hanging axis W along which the protrusion 200 hangs down from the wire tube portion 12a coincides with the Z-axis direction, which is the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows in Embodiment 1.

[0063] The length by which the protrusion 200 protrudes from the front end portion side of the wire tube portion 12a in the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows is shorter than the length by which it protrudes from the base end portion side of the wire tube portion 12a in the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows. In other words, when viewed from the Y-axis direction, the protrusion 200 has a triangular shape that is long in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, with the lower front side of the wire supply nozzle 12 as one vertex and the lower base side of the wire supply nozzle 12 as one vertex.

[0064] In addition, the width of the protrusion 200 in one of the two directions perpendicular to the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows, that is, the Y-axis direction, is set to be less than or equal to the diameter of the wire supply nozzle 12 so as not to deteriorate the flow of the shielding gas 13. In addition, in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , with respect to the width of the protrusion 200 in the Y-axis direction, it gradually becomes smaller as it goes downstream in the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows, and the rate of change of the width is set to be large.

[0065] The reason for installing the protrusion 200 on the wire supply nozzle 12 is to cover the processing area 15 including the portion directly below the wire tube portion 12a with the shielding gas 13. Therefore, the shape of the protrusion 200 is such that the shielding gas 13 ejected from the gas nozzle 7 flows over the surface of the protrusion 200 and can cover the processing area 15 including the portion directly below the wire supply nozzle 12.

[0066] Figure 8 This is a front view showing the structure of the first modification of the protrusion 200 in the laminating manufacturing apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. InFigure 6 , 7 In 7 , the lower part of the protruding portion 200 is parallel to the base material 17, but Figure 8 the protruding portion 200 of Figure 8 has a triangular shape in which the lower part is not parallel to the base material 17. As long as the shielding gas 13 ejected from the gas nozzle 7 flows along the surface shape of the protruding portion 200, the shape of the protruding portion 200 may be such that the processing area 15 can be covered by the shielding gas 13 with its effect.

[0067] Figure 9 is a side view showing the structure of a second modification example of the protruding portion 200 in the layered manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. Figure 10 is a side view showing the structure of a third modification example of the protruding portion 200 in the layered manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. Figure 6 , 7 the protruding portion 200 of 7 is symmetrical about the XZ plane, but it may not be symmetrical. For example, as shown in Figure 9 , it may be a shape that is asymmetrical about the left and right, such that one surface of the protruding portion 200 is a flat surface and the other surface is a curved surface. In addition, as shown in Figure 7 , the width of the protruding portion 200 in the Y-axis direction does not need to gradually decrease as it progresses downstream in the direction of the flow of the shielding gas 13, and there may be a portion with the same width. For example, as shown in Figure 10 , a flat plate-shaped protruding portion 200 having a thickness smaller than the outer diameter of the wire supply nozzle 12 may be installed.

[0068] Figure 11 is a top view showing an example of the oxygen concentration distribution 208 on the surface of the deposit 16 in the layered manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment. Figure 12 is a top view showing an example of the oxygen concentration distribution 210 on the surface of the deposit 16 in a comparative example in which the protruding portion 200 is not installed on the wire supply nozzle 12. In the case of Figure 11 , although not shown, the protruding portion 200 is installed on the wire supply nozzle 12. From the comparison between Figure 11 and Figure 12 , it can be seen that by installing the protruding portion 200, the oxygen concentration in the portion below the wire tube portion 12a can be reduced. In the case where the protruding portion 200 is not provided, when the shielding gas 13 is ejected from the gas nozzle 7 toward the processing area 15, the wire tube portion 12a becomes an obstacle, and there is an area in the processing area 15 that is not covered by the shielding gas 13. By installing the protruding portion 200, the shielding gas 13 flows along the surface of the protruding portion 200, and in the processing area 15, it is possible to cover also the area that would not be covered by the shielding gas 13 in the case where the protruding portion 200 is not provided, and the oxidation inhibition effect of the deposit 16 in the processing area 15 can be improved.

[0069] As described above, according to Embodiment 1, there is a plate-like convex portion 200 that protrudes downstream from the wire tube portion 12a in the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows, and has a width less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube portion 12a. Therefore, the shielding gas 13 ejected from the gas nozzle 7 flows over the surface of the convex portion 200, and the processing area 15 including the portion directly below the wire supply nozzle 12 can be covered by the shielding gas 13. Thus, the entry of the atmosphere into the processing area 15 can be sufficiently blocked with a simple and low-cost structure. In addition, regarding the width of the convex portion 200 in the Y-axis direction, it gradually decreases as it travels downstream in the direction of the flow of the shielding gas 13, and the rate of change of the width is set large. Therefore, the shaping area blocked by the wire tube portion 12a can be efficiently covered by the shielding gas.

[0070] Embodiment 2.

[0071] Figure 13 It is a front view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the convex portion 200 according to Embodiment 2. In Embodiment 2, the surface of the convex portion 200 is subjected to uneven processing, and a plurality of recesses, that is, pits 201, are provided on the surface of the convex portion 200. Other structures in Embodiment 2 are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and repeated descriptions are omitted. As the shape in which the pits 201 are recessed, arc-shaped, conical, trapezoidal, etc. are conceivable. The number, shape, and size of the pits 201 are set to appropriate values according to the flow velocity of the shielding gas 13 flowing over the surface of the convex portion 200 and the size of the convex portion 200. For example, the outer diameter of the pits 201 is 1 / 10 of the axial length of the wire tube portion 12a, the recessed shape is arc-shaped, the depth is 1 / 2 of the outer diameter of the pits 201, and the distance between the centers of the pits 201 is 3 / 2 of the outer diameter of the pits 201.

[0072] The pits 201 on the surface of the convex portion 200 cause the shielding gas 13 flowing over the surface of the convex portion 200 to be turbulent, and the flow velocity near the surface is not easily decelerated. Thus, the shielding gas 13 is not easily peeled off from the surface. In order to obtain the effect of the pits 201, it is preferable that the flow velocity of the shielding gas 13 is the velocity of laminar flow. Depending on the size and shape of the convex portion 200 or the type and flow velocity of the shielding gas 13, the number, size, and shape of the appropriate pits 201 that cause the peeling of the flow of the shielding gas 13 to be on the leeward side compared to the convex portion 200 change. Therefore, it is sufficient to use the convex portion 200 having appropriate sizes and shapes of the pits 201 according to the situation. As one method of obtaining an appropriate convex portion 200, a method of investigating the peeling positions of various convex portions 200 is cited. In order to investigate the peeling positions, various methods are considered, for example, visualization of the flow achieved by the schlieren method is cited.

[0073] As described above, according to Embodiment 2, the pits 201 are provided on the surface of the convex portion 200, and thus the following effects are obtained on the basis of the effects of Embodiment 1. That is, compared with the case where the pits 201 do not exist, the position where the shielding gas 13 peels off from the surface of the convex portion 200 is more downstream, and thus in the processing region 15 directly below the wire supply nozzle 12, the shielding gas 13 can be more reliably covered, and the anti-oxidation effect of the deposit 16 of the workpiece is improved.

[0074] Embodiment 3.

[0075] Figure 14 It is a side view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the convex portion 200 according to Embodiment 3. Figure 15 It is a perspective view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the convex portion 200 according to Embodiment 3. In Embodiment 3, a joint portion 202 is provided for rotating the convex portion 200 about the axis of the wire tube portion 12a. Thus, in Embodiment 3, even if the flow direction of the shielding gas 13 ejected from the gas nozzle 7 changes, the oxidation inhibition effect can be maintained. Other structures in Embodiment 3 are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and repeated descriptions are omitted.

[0076] The joint portion 202 is mounted on the outer peripheral portion of the wire tube portion 12a and rotates about the axis of the wire tube portion 12a as shown by the arrow K. The convex portion 200 is fixed to the rotating joint portion 202. The joint portion 202 rotates in such a manner that the vertical axis W of the convex portion 200 coincides with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. The joint portion 202 can be either a passive joint without an actuator or an active joint with an actuator. In the case of a passive joint, it rotates in such a manner that the vertical axis W of the convex portion 200 coincides with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. In the case of an active joint, the convex portion 200 is rotationally driven in such a manner that the actuator mounted on the joint portion 202 of the wire supply nozzle 12 coincides with the flow direction of the shielding gas 13. As the actuator of the active joint, a motor is cited.

[0077] When the joint part 202 is a passive joint, the joint part 202 is rotated passively in such a way that the hanging axis W faces the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows. As a result, the shielding gas 13 flows along the convex part 200 and can flow on the surface of the convex part 200 without peeling off. Therefore, compared with the case where the wire supply nozzle 12 and the convex part 200 are fixed without the joint part 202, the processing area 15 located under the wire supply nozzle 12 can be more reliably shielded by the shielding gas 13, and the anti-oxidation effect of the deposit 16 as the workpiece is improved. If the disorder of the flow of the shielding gas 13 is large and the convex part 200 cannot follow the flow of the shielding gas 13, a lubricant such as lubricating oil can be applied to the joint part 202. By applying the lubricant, the frictional resistance of the joint part 202 is reduced, and it is easier to follow the flow of the shielding gas 13. In addition, when the convex part 200 is lightweight and the orientation of the convex part 200 changes significantly due to the change in the flow of the shielding gas 13, an elastic body such as a coil spring can be installed in the joint part 202. By installing the elastic body in the joint part 202, the convex part 200 does not respond sensitively to the negligible change in the flow of the shielding gas 13, and interference is suppressed.

[0078] Figure 16 It is a side view showing other structures in the laminating manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the third embodiment. Figure 16 It is a structural example when the joint part 202 is an active joint. The wind direction sensor 207 is provided on the upwind side of the flow of the shielding gas 13 when observed from the convex part 200. In this structure, the wind direction sensor 207 detects the direction of the flow of the shielding gas 13 in the convex part 200, and the joint part 202 is rotationally driven in such a way that the direction of the hanging axis W of the convex part 200 coincides with the detected direction of the flow of the shielding gas 13. Therefore, the shielding gas 13 flows along the convex part 200 and can flow on the surface of the convex part 200 without peeling off. If the direction of the flow of the shielding gas 13 in the convex part 200 can be detected, the arrangement position of the wind direction sensor 207 can be any position.

[0079] Figure 17 It is a front view showing other structures of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the convex part 200 according to the third embodiment. Figure 18 It is a side view showing other structures of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the convex part 200 according to the third embodiment. Figure 19 It is a side view showing another other structure in the laminating manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the third embodiment. In Figure 17 、 18In FIGS. 19, the protruding portion 200 is divided into a plurality of protruding portions 200a to 200e, and the joint portion 202 is divided into a plurality of joint portions 202a to 202e. Each of the protruding portions 200a to 200e can rotate independently through each of the joint portions 202a to 202e.

[0080] Each of the joint portions 202a to 202e can be either a passive joint or an active joint. As Figure 17 , 18 shown, when each of the joint portions 202a to 202e is a passive joint, each of the protruding portions 200a to 200e rotates independently in a manner along the direction of the protective gas 13 flowing out from the gas nozzle 7. As Figure 19 shown, when each of the joint portions 202a to 202e is an active joint, independent wind direction sensors 207a to 207e are respectively provided on the upper parts of the divided protruding portions 200a to 200e, and the flow direction of the protective gas 13 is detected by each of the wind direction sensors 207a to 207e. Each of the protruding portions 200a to 200e rotates corresponding to each of the detected flow directions of the protective gas 13. According to this structure, compared with the case where the protruding portion 200 is not divided, each of the protruding portions 200a to 200e can rotate corresponding to the more local flow of the protective gas 13, so that more of the protective gas 13 can flow along the surfaces of each of the protruding portions 200a to 200e, and the oxidation inhibition effect of the deposit 16 as the workpiece can be further improved.

[0081] As described above, according to Embodiment 4, the joint portion 202 is provided to rotate in such a manner that the hanging axis W of the protruding portion 200 is consistent with the flow direction of the protective gas 13. Therefore, even if the flow direction of the protective gas 13 changes, the protective gas 13 can be wound around the back side of the wire tube portion 12a, and the anti-oxidation effect of the deposit 16 of the workpiece is further improved.

[0082] Embodiment 4.

[0083] Figure 20 is a side view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protruding portion 200 according to Embodiment 4. Figure 21 is a front view showing the structure of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protruding portion 200 according to Embodiment 4. In Embodiment 4, a structure for suppressing the temperature rise of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protruding portion 200 caused by the heat generated by the heat source 14, the reflected heat, and the sputtering occurring during shaping is added. Other structures in Embodiment 4 are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and repeated descriptions are omitted.

[0084] In Embodiment 4, a flow path 203 through which a refrigerant 204 flows is provided inside the protruding portion 200. The flow path 203 has a flow inlet 205 through which the refrigerant 204 enters the inside of the protruding portion 200 and a flow outlet 206 through which the refrigerant flows out from the protruding portion 200 to the outside. The refrigerant 204 enters from the flow inlet 205, passes through the flow path 203, and flows out from the flow outlet 206 to the outside of the protruding portion 200. Figure 20 , 21 The shape of the flow path 203 shown is such that the flow inlet 205 and the flow outlet 206 are circular, and the shape scans between them, but it is not necessarily limited to the structure described above.

[0085] Figure 22 is a front view showing the structure of a first modified example of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protruding portion 200 according to Embodiment 4. Figure 23 is a front view showing the structure of a second modified example of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protruding portion 200 according to Embodiment 4. In Figure 22 the first modified example shown, the flow path 203 is serpentinely bent so that the refrigerant 204 flows widely inside the protruding portion 200. The cross-sectional shape of the flow path 203 may not be uniform, and it is sufficient that the refrigerant 204 flows through the flow path 203. As in the protruding portion 200 of Figure 22 , the shape of the flow path 203 is complex, and in order to produce a shape that is difficult to produce by cutting or casting, by using a shaping device such as a 3D printer, it is possible to produce the protruding portion 200 having the flow path 203 with a complex shape.

[0086] In Figure 20 , 21 , 22, one flow path 203 having a flow inlet 205 and a flow outlet 206 is provided in the protruding portion 200, but a plurality of flow paths 203 may also be provided. In the second modified example shown in Figure 23 , the protruding portion 200 has two different flow paths 203 each having a separate flow inlet 205 and a flow outlet 206. By providing a plurality of flow inlets 205 and flow outlets 206, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the refrigerant 204 passing through the inside of the protruding portion 200, and an improvement in the cooling effect of the protruding portion 200 is foreseen. Examples of the refrigerant 204 include water, oil, Freon, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc. The flow path 203 is not only provided inside the protruding portion 200, but may also be provided inside the wire tube portion 12a. As a result, it is also possible to supply the refrigerant 204 to the inside of the wire tube portion 12a, and not only the protruding portion 200 but also the wire supply nozzle 12 can be cooled.

[0087] The heat source 14 emitted from the heat source supply port 6 is reflected by the deposit 16 and the base material 17, or the sputtering and reflected heat generated when the heat source 14 is output to the shaping material 8 directly hits the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200, thereby increasing the temperature of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200. The refrigerant 204 flows in the flow path 203 provided inside the protrusion 200, and thus the thermal energy of the protrusion 200 flows in the refrigerant 204. The refrigerant 204 flows to the outside of the protrusion 200, and can discharge the thermal energy of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200 to the outside, suppressing the temperature rise of each part. The temperature rise can be suppressed, thereby suppressing the distortion of the wire supply nozzle 12 caused by heat, the poor supply of the shaping material 8 caused by heat, and the melting of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200. In addition, as Figures 17 to 19 shown, when the protrusion 200 is divided into a plurality of protrusions 200a to 200e, the flow path 203 through which the refrigerant 204 flows may be formed in each of the protrusions 200a to 200e.

[0088] As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the flow path 203 through which the refrigerant 204 flows is provided inside the protrusion 200, so that the temperature rise of each part caused by the generated heat and sputtering can be suppressed. Thereby, the distortion of the wire supply nozzle 12 caused by heat, the poor supply of the shaping material 8 caused by heat, the melting of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the protrusion 200, etc. can be suppressed.

[0089] Embodiment 5.

[0090] In the fifth embodiment, a plurality of protrusions 200 having different shapes can be replaced in accordance with the change in the angle between the wire tube portion 12a and the base material 17. Figure 24 FIG. is a front view showing a state in which the protrusion 200p having the first shape is attached to the wire tube portion 12a in the laminating shaping apparatus 100 according to the fifth embodiment. Figure 25 FIG. is a front view showing a state in which the protrusion 200q having the second shape is attached to the wire tube portion 12a in the laminating shaping apparatus 100 according to the fifth embodiment. Figure 26 FIG. is a front view showing a state in which the protrusion 200r having the third shape is attached to the wire tube portion 12a in the laminating shaping apparatus 100 according to the fifth embodiment.

[0091] Figure 24 、 25As shown in Fig. 26, the protruding portions 200p, 200q, and 200r have a triangular shape, and the lengths of the two sides (the length in the X-axis direction and the length in the Z-axis direction) sandwiching one side along the central axis in the triangular wire tube portion 12a are different from each other. Also, the distances from the vertices on the front-end side of the triangular wire tube portion 12a to the base material 17 are equal for the protruding portions 200p, 200q, and 200r. A plurality of these protruding portions 200p, 200q, and 200r with different shapes are prepared, and corresponding to the angle formed by the wire tube portion 12a and the base material 17, a replacement operation is performed in such a way that the lower part of one of the protruding portions 200p, 200q, and 200r facing the base material 17 becomes parallel to the base material 17 and is connected to the wire tube portion 12a. The protruding portion 200 can be replaced corresponding to the change in the angle between the wire tube portion 12a and the base material 17. Thus, in order to cover the processing area 15 directly below the wire supply nozzle 12 with the shielding gas 13, an appropriate protruding portion 200p, 200q, or 200r can be selected.

[0092] The positions where the protruding portions 200p, 200q, and 200r are installed are not limited to the front-end points of the wire tube portion 12a. For example, the vertices of the protruding portions 200p, 200q, and 200r can extend from the front-end points of the wire tube portion 12a toward the front-end points of the wire serving as the shaping material 8. As a method for connecting the wire tube portion 12a and the protruding portions 200p, 200q, and 200r, replacement can be performed, and any method is acceptable as long as the connecting material does not melt without being detached from the shaping and so on. As the connecting material, magnets, heat-resistant adhesives, and physical fitting are considered.

[0093] In order to automatically change the angle formed by the wire tube portion 12a and the base material 17, the wire supply nozzle 12 can be driven by a servo, thereby changing the angle formed by the wire tube portion 12a and the base material 17. Additionally, when changing this angle, if there is no large-angle change, it will not affect the change in the oxygen inhibition effect, so the protruding portion 200 does not need to be replaced.

[0094] The replacement of the protruding portion 200 is not limited to when the angle formed by the axis orientation of the wire tube portion 12a and the plane of the base material 17 changes. For example, corresponding to the shape of the deposit 16 as the workpiece or the flow rate of the shielding gas 13 ejected from the gas nozzle 7, etc., the shapes suitable for covering the processing area 15 with the shielding gas 13 are different. Therefore, in the case where the shape of the deposit 16 as the workpiece or the flow rate of the shielding gas 13 ejected from the gas nozzle 7 changes, by replacing it with an appropriate protruding portion 200p, 200q, or 200r, an improvement in the oxidation inhibition effect of the processing area 15 can be achieved.

[0095] As described above, according to Embodiment 5, corresponding to the change in the angle between the wire tube portion 12a and the base material 17, one of the plurality of protruding portions 200 having different shapes is selected. Therefore, it is possible to select the protrusion corresponding to the inclination of the wire tube portion 12a, and the oxidation inhibition effect of the processing region 15 can be further improved.

[0096] Embodiment 6.

[0097] Figure 27 FIG. is a block diagram showing the structure of the machine learning device 40 related to the layered manufacturing device 100 according to Embodiment 6. The machine learning device 40 includes a data acquisition unit 41 as a first data acquisition unit and a model generation unit 42.

[0098] The data acquisition unit 41 acquires the attitude of the protruding portion 200 that can be actively moved around the axis of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the direction in which the protective gas 13 flows acquired by the wind direction sensor 207 as learning data. The model generation unit 42 learns the attitude of the protruding portion 200 in the flowing direction of the protective gas 13 based on the learning data including the attitude of the protruding portion 200 that can be actively moved around the axis of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the direction in which the protective gas 13 flows acquired by the wind direction sensor 207. That is, a trained model for inferring the attitude of the protruding portion 200 in the flowing direction of the protective gas 13 acquired by the wind direction sensor 207 is generated.

[0099] The learning algorithm used by the model generation unit 42 can use known algorithms such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. As an example, the case of applying reinforcement learning is described. In reinforcement learning, an agent (acting entity) in a certain environment observes the current state (parameters of the environment) and determines the action to be taken. The environment changes dynamically through the actions of the agent, and a reward is given to the agent corresponding to the change in the environment. The agent repeats this action and learns the action policy that can obtain the most rewards through a series of actions. As a representative method of reinforcement learning, Q-learning and TD-learning are known. For example, in the case of Q-learning, the general update formula of the action value function Q(s, a) is represented by Equation (1).

[0100]

Equation 1

[0101]

[0102] In Equation (1), s t represents the state of the environment at time t, a tDenote the action at time t. Through action a t , the state changes to s t+1 . r t+1 Denote the reward obtained through the change of its state, γ denote the discount rate, and α denote the learning coefficient. In addition, γ is set in the range of 0 < γ ≤ 1, and α is set in the range of 0 < α ≤ 1. The attitude of the convex portion 200 that can be actively moved around the axis of the wire supply nozzle 12 becomes action a t , and the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows obtained by the wind direction sensor 207 becomes state s t , and learn the best action a t in the state st at time t.

[0103] The update formula represented by Equation (1) is that if the action value Q of the action a t+1 with the highest Q value at time t + 1 is greater than the action value Q of the action a t executed at time t, then increase the action value Q, and in the opposite case, decrease the action value Q. In other words, update the action value function Q(s, a) so that the action value Q of the action a t at time t approaches the best action value Q at time t + 1. Thus, the best action value in a certain environment is continuously propagated as the action value in the previous environment in sequence.

[0104] As described above, in the case of generating a trained model through reinforcement learning, the model generation unit 42 has a reward calculation unit 43 and a function update unit 44.

[0105] The reward calculation unit 43 calculates the reward r based on the oxygen content of the shaped object. Set the calculation method such that if the oxygen content of the shaped object is low, the reward r is increased.

[0106] The function update unit 44 updates the function for determining the attitude of the convex portion 200 in the direction of the flow of the shielding gas 13 according to the reward r calculated by the reward calculation unit 43, and outputs it to the trained model storage unit 50. For example, in the case of Q-learning, use the action value function Q(s t , a t ) represented by Equation (1) as the function for calculating the attitude of the convex portion 200 corresponding to the flow direction of the shielding gas 13.

[0107] Repeat the above learning. The trained model storage unit 50 stores the action value function Q(s t , a t ), that is, the trained model, updated by the function update unit 44.

[0108] Next, use Figure 28The learning process of the machine learning device 40 will be described. Figure 28 It is a flowchart showing the learning process sequence of the machine learning device 40 related to the layered manufacturing device 100 according to Embodiment 6.

[0109] In step S1, the data acquisition unit 41 acquires, as learning data, the attitude of the protruding portion 200 that can move actively around the axis of the wire supply nozzle 12 and the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows acquired by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0110] In step S2, the model generation unit 42 determines whether to increase or decrease the reward r based on the oxygen content of the formed object. It determines whether to increase or decrease the reward based on a predetermined D reward criterion (a collective term for D1 and D2).

[0111] When it is determined that the reward r is to be increased, the reward calculation unit 43 increases the reward r in step S3. For example, when the oxygen content is the D1 reward increase criterion, the reward r is increased (for example, a reward of "1" is given). On the other hand, when it is determined that the reward r is to be decreased, the reward calculation unit 43 decreases the reward r in step S4. For example, when the oxygen content is the D2 reward decrease criterion, the reward r is decreased (for example, a reward of "-1" is given).

[0112] In step S5, the function update unit 44 updates the action value function Q(s t , a t ) represented by Equation (1) stored in the trained model storage unit 50 based on the reward r calculated by the reward calculation unit 43.

[0113] The machine learning device 40 repeatedly executes the processes from step S1 to step S5 above, and stores the generated action value function Q(s t , a t ) as a trained model in the trained model storage unit 50.

[0114] The machine learning device 40 according to Embodiment 6 stores the trained model in the trained model storage unit 50 provided outside the machine learning device 40, but the trained model storage unit 50 may also be provided inside the machine learning device 40.

[0115] Figure 29 It is a block diagram showing the structure of the inference device 51 related to the layered manufacturing device 100 according to Embodiment 6. The inference device 51 includes a data acquisition unit 52 and an inference unit 53 as the second data acquisition unit.

[0116] The data acquisition unit 52 acquires the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows acquired by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0117] The inference unit 53 uses the trained model stored in the trained model storage unit 50 to infer the attitude of the convex portion 200 corresponding to the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows acquired by the data acquisition unit 52. That is, by inputting the detection value of the wind direction sensor 207 acquired by the data acquisition unit 52, i.e., the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows, into the trained model, it is possible to infer the attitude of the convex portion 200 suitable for the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows acquired by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0118] In addition, in the sixth embodiment, a case is described in which a trained model obtained by learning using the model generation unit 42 related to the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 is used, and the attitude of the convex portion 200 corresponding to the input state is output. However, it is also possible to obtain a trained model from another additive manufacturing apparatus and output the attitude of the convex portion 200 corresponding to the input state based on the trained model.

[0119] Next, Figure 30 the operation of the inference device 51 will be described. Figure 30 FIG. is a flowchart showing the inference processing sequence of the inference device 51 related to the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the sixth embodiment.

[0120] In step S10, the data acquisition unit 52 acquires the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows detected by the wind direction sensor 207.

[0121] In step S11, the inference unit 53 inputs the direction in which the shielding gas 13 flows acquired by the wind direction sensor 207 into the trained model stored in the trained model storage unit 50, and obtains the attitude of the convex portion 200 corresponding to the input flow direction.

[0122] In step S12, the inference unit 53 outputs the obtained attitude of the convex portion 200 to the control unit 20 of the additive manufacturing apparatus 100.

[0123] In step S13, the control unit 20 of the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 controls the attitude of the convex portion 200 so as to be the attitude of the input convex portion 200.

[0124] In addition, in the sixth embodiment, a case is described in which reinforcement learning is applied to the learning algorithm used in the inference unit 53, but it is not limited thereto. Regarding the learning algorithm, in addition to reinforcement learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or semi-supervised learning can also be applied.

[0125] In addition, as the learning algorithm used in the model generation unit 42, deep learning that learns the extraction of feature amounts themselves can also be used, and machine learning can be performed according to other known methods, such as neural networks, genetic programming, functional logic programming, support vector machines, and the like.

[0126] In addition, the machine learning device 40 and the inference device 51 may also be devices that are connected to the laminated manufacturing device 100 via a network and are separate from the laminated manufacturing device 100. Additionally, the machine learning device 40 and the inference device 51 may be built into the laminated manufacturing device 100. Moreover, the machine learning device 40 and the inference device 51 may exist on a cloud server.

[0127] Furthermore, the model generation unit 42 can use the learning data obtained from multiple laminated manufacturing devices 100 to learn the posture of the protruding portion 200 in the input state. In addition, the model generation unit 42 can also obtain learning data from multiple laminated manufacturing devices 100 used in the same area, and can also use the learning data collected from multiple laminated manufacturing devices 100 that operate independently in different areas to learn the posture of the protruding portion 200 in the input state. Additionally, it is possible to add the laminated manufacturing device 100 that collects the learning data to the object or remove it from the object midway. Also, the machine learning device 40 after learning the posture of the protruding portion 200 in the input state with respect to a certain laminated manufacturing device 100 can be applied to other laminated manufacturing devices 100, and relearning can be performed with respect to the posture of the protruding portion 200 in the input state with respect to other laminated manufacturing devices 100 for updating.

[0128] The structure shown in the above embodiments represents a part of the content of the present invention, and can also be combined with other known technologies, and can be appropriately combined within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention, or a part of the structure can be omitted or changed.

[0129] Explanation of reference numerals

[0130] 1 Laser oscillator, 2 Optical cable, 3 Gas supply device, 4 Pipe, 5 Processing head, 6 Heat source supply port, 7 Gas nozzle, 8 Modeling material, 9 Rotation motor, 10 Wire spool, 11 Modeling material supply section, 12 Wire supply nozzle, 12a Wire pipe section, 13 Protection gas, 14 Heat source, 15 Processing area, 16 Deposit, 17 Substrate material, 18 Workbench, 19 Rotation mechanism, 20 Control section, 21 NC program generation device, 22 Basic NC program, 23 Rotating component, 40 Machine learning device, 41, 52 Data acquisition section, 42 Model generation section, 43 Reward calculation section, 44 Function update section, 50 Trained model storage section, 51 Inference device, 53 Inference section, 100 Laminated manufacturing device, 200, 200a to 200e, 200p to 200r Protrusion, 201 Dimple, 202, 202a to 202e Joint section, 203 Flow path, 204 Refrigerant, 205 Inlet, 206 Outlet, 207, 207a to 207e Wind direction sensor, 208, 210 Oxygen concentration distribution, 1000 Laminated manufacturing system, W Hanging axis.

Claims

1. A wire supply nozzle, at least a part of which is disposed within the range through which the protective gas passes. The wire supply nozzle has a wire tube portion that is irradiated with heat for melting a wire-shaped modeling material and supplies the modeling material to a processing area supplied with the protective gas. The wire supply nozzle is characterized in that it has a plate-shaped protrusion that protrudes downstream from the wire tube portion along the direction in which the protective gas flows. The width of the plate-shaped protrusion is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube portion.

2. The wire supply nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the protrusion becomes smaller as it advances downstream from the wire tube portion toward the protective gas.

3. The wire supply nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wire tube portion is disposed obliquely with respect to a base material on which a shaped object is disposed, and the length by which the protrusion protrudes from the front end portion side of the wire tube portion toward the direction in which the protective gas flows is shorter than the length by which the protrusion protrudes from the base end portion side of the wire tube portion toward the direction in which the protective gas flows.

4. The wire supply nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that the protrusion has a triangular shape.

5. The wire supply nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a plurality of concave portions are provided on the surface of the protrusion.

6. The wire supply nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the protrusion can rotate around the central axis of the wire tube portion with respect to the wire tube portion.

7. The wire supply nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that the protrusion is divided into a plurality of parts, and each of the divided protrusions can independently rotate around the central axis of the wire tube portion.

8. The wire supply nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the protrusion has a flow path through which a refrigerant flows.

9. A laminated manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, It has: a heat source supply portion that irradiates heat for melting a wire-shaped modeling material to the processing area; a gas supply portion that supplies a protective gas from above to the processing area; and a modeling material supply portion that has a wire supply nozzle. The wire supply nozzle has a wire tube portion at least a part of which is disposed within the range through which the protective gas passes. The modeling material supply portion supplies the modeling material to the processing area, has a plate-shaped protrusion that protrudes from the wire tube portion toward the direction in which the protective gas flows, and the width of the plate-shaped protrusion is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube portion.

10. The laminated modeling apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the width of the protrusion becomes smaller as it advances downstream from the wire tube portion toward the protective gas.

11. The laminated modeling apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the wire tube portion is disposed obliquely with respect to a base material on which a shaped object is disposed, and the length by which the protrusion protrudes from the front end portion side of the wire tube portion toward the direction in which the protective gas flows is shorter than the length by which the protrusion protrudes from the base end portion side of the wire tube portion toward the direction in which the protective gas flows.

12. The stacked forming device according to claim 11, wherein: The protruding portion is triangular in shape.

13. The stacked forming device according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein: A plurality of concave portions are provided on the surface of the protruding portion.

14. The stacked forming device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein: The protruding portion can rotate around the central axis of the wire tube portion with respect to the wire tube portion.

15. The stacked forming device according to claim 14, wherein: The protruding portion is divided into a plurality of parts, and each of the divided protruding portions can independently rotate around the central axis of the wire tube portion.

16. The stacked forming device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein: It has: A wind direction sensor that detects the wind direction of the shielding gas at the surface of the protruding portion; A machine learning device having a first data acquisition unit that acquires learning data including the detection value of the wind direction sensor and the posture of the protruding portion that rotates around the central axis of the wire tube portion, and a model generation unit that uses the learning data to generate a trained model for inferring the posture of the protruding portion corresponding to the detection value of the wind direction sensor based on the detection value of the wind direction sensor; And An inference device having a second data acquisition unit that acquires the detection value of the wind direction sensor, and an inference unit that uses the trained model to output the posture of the protruding portion corresponding to the detection value of the wind direction sensor acquired by the second data acquisition unit, Based on the posture of the protruding portion output from the inference device, rotation control of the posture of the protruding portion is performed.

17. The stacked forming device according to any one of claims 9 to 16, wherein: The protruding portion has a flow path through which a refrigerant flows.

18. A laminated manufacturing method, characterized in that, It has the following steps: In the range through which the shielding gas passes, at least a part of a wire supply nozzle having a wire tube portion and a plate-shaped protruding portion that protrudes from the wire tube portion in the direction in which the shielding gas flows and has a width less than or equal to the outer diameter of the wire tube portion is arranged, and a forming material is supplied to the processing area through the wire supply nozzle; Heat for melting the wire-shaped forming material is irradiated to the processing area; and The shielding gas is supplied from above to the processing area.

19. The stacked forming method according to claim 18, wherein: The protruding portion is triangular in shape, It further has the following steps: Prepare a plurality of the protruding portions in which the lengths of two sides sandwiching one side along the central axis of the triangular wire tube portion are different from each other, and the distances from the vertex on the front end side of the triangular wire tube portion to the base material on which the formed object is arranged are equal; and In response to a change in the angle between the wire tube portion and the base material, one of the plurality of protruding portions is selected so that the side of the triangle opposite to the base material is parallel to the base material and connected to the wire tube portion.

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