Sodium borohydride hydrogen production machine and fuel cell coupling integration system

Abstract

The invention discloses a sodium borohydride hydrogen production machine and fuel cell coupling integration system, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen preparation and fuel cells. The problems of environmental pollution and shortage exist in traditional fossil energy, and the coupling integrated system is generated at the right time. A three-dimensional structure high-activity ruthenium-based catalyst with high-specific-surface foamed nickel as a carrier is adopted,-40 DEG C heat-source-free starting hydrogen production is achieved, and the problem of low-temperature off-grid hydrogen supply is solved. In the system, a hydrogen supply module produces hydrogen by reacting solid sodium borohydride tablets with an alcohol solvent and supplies the hydrogen to a fuel cell stack, a power regulation unit accurately regulates and controls the hydrogen production rate and parameters to ensure that power is matched with a load, and an energy storage buffer unit balances power fluctuation. A solid sodium borohydride tablet technology is adopted by an independently researched and developed 50W model machine, so that the device is safe and portable. The system is free of harmful substance emission and noise pollution in the power generation process, the audio frequency of the whole machine is lower than 50 decibels, and an efficient, clean, safe and flexible solution is provided for energy supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field, specifically to a coupled integration system of a sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] The limitations of existing traditional fossil fuels Traditional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas have long been the main global energy sources. However, these energy sources have brought serious environmental problems during their use, such as a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions leading to global warming, and air pollution caused by emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfides, which have caused great harm to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, a coupled system of a sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and a fuel cell is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a coupled system of a sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and a fuel cell to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A coupled integration system of a sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and a fuel cell for generating hydrogen through the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride. The hydrogen generator includes a reaction vessel, a catalyst, a hydrogen generation device, a hydrogen storage tank, and an external interface; a fuel cell for converting hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction; an intelligent control system for real-time monitoring and adjusting the operating states of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell, including parameters such as hydrogen flow rate, purity, reaction temperature, and pressure; an energy storage buffer unit for balancing the fluctuations in the output power of the fuel cell to ensure that the system can stably supply power to the load; a power adjustment unit for adjusting the output power of the fuel cell according to the load demand and controlling the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen generator.

[0005] The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator adopts solid sodium borohydride tablet technology to generate hydrogen through hydrolysis reaction. The solid sodium borohydride tablets are sealed and packaged, and can be taken and added as needed during use.

[0006] The catalyst is a highly active ruthenium-based catalyst that can start hydrogen production without a heat source at -20°C. The catalyst is prepared by solution impregnation reduction method and has a three-dimensional structure, which can significantly improve the hydrogen production efficiency.

[0007] The intelligent control system includes sensors, a controller, and an actuator. The sensors are used to real-time monitor the key parameters of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell. The controller adjusts the operating states of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell according to the monitored data. The actuator is used to execute the instructions of the controller and adjust parameters such as hydrogen flow rate, reaction temperature, and pressure.

[0008] The energy storage buffer unit includes a lithium-ion battery or a supercapacitor, which is used to store excess energy when the output power of the fuel cell is excessive and release energy when the power is insufficient, ensuring the stable operation of the system.

[0009] The power regulation unit realizes precise control of the system output power by adjusting the reaction rate of the hydrogen generator and the load of the fuel cell. The power regulation unit also has the function of real-time monitoring of parameters such as system voltage and current.

[0010] The system also includes a housing, which has the characteristics of waterproof, dustproof and low-temperature resistance, and can work normally in the temperature range of -40°C to 55°C.

[0011] The system also includes an intelligent control panel, and a display screen and operation buttons are provided on the control panel for displaying the system operation status and the user operation interface.

[0012] Prepare a sodium borohydride hydrogen generator, including a reaction vessel, a catalyst, a hydrogen generation device, a hydrogen storage tank and an external interface; assemble a fuel cell, including a membrane electrode assembly, a bipolar plate and an end plate; install an intelligent control system, including sensors, a controller and an actuator; integrate an energy storage buffer unit and a power regulation unit; conduct system testing and optimization to ensure the stable operation of the system under different working conditions.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: adopting a highly active ruthenium-based catalyst with a three-dimensional structure, which can realize heat-source-free hydrogen generation even in a low-temperature environment, effectively solving the problem of difficult startup of traditional hydrogen generation systems in cold regions. Using solid sodium borohydride tablets as reaction raw materials, which are sealed and added as needed, is not only convenient to carry but also greatly improves the safety of the hydrogen generation process, avoiding the leakage and explosion risks of liquid hydrogen storage. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 Frame diagram of a sodium borohydride hydrogen supply fuel cell system; Detailed Embodiments

[0015] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0016] Embodiment

[0017] Please refer to Figure 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupled integration system for generating hydrogen through the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride. The hydrogen generator includes a reaction vessel, a catalyst, a hydrogen generation device, a hydrogen storage tank and an external interface; the catalyst uses ruthenium-based catalyst supported by high specific surface area nickel foam, which has a three-dimensional structure and can activate the reaction under low temperature conditions, improve the hydrogen production efficiency, and the lowest startup temperature can reach -40°C, adapting to extreme low temperature environments. The hydrogen generation device connects the reaction vessel and the hydrogen storage tank to achieve the guidance, separation and temporary storage of hydrogen. The hydrogen used enters the fuel cell stack through the pipeline system to maintain a stable flow rate. Fuel cell: used to convert hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction; hydrogen is introduced from the hydrogen generation module to the anode side and undergoes an electrochemical reaction with oxygen (which can be directly supplied by air) introduced from the cathode side on the membrane electrode to generate direct current electrical energy, water and heat. This fuel cell stack has the advantages of small size and high power generation efficiency and is suitable for portable power supply scenarios. Intelligent control system: used to monitor and adjust the operating states of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell in real time, including parameters such as hydrogen flow rate, purity, reaction temperature and pressure, etc.; the sensor array collects key parameters of the system operation in real time, such as hydrogen flow rate, purity, reaction chamber temperature, fuel cell stack temperature, voltage, current and pressure information. The controller uses an embedded processing chip and combines an algorithm model to analyze and calculate the collected parameters, and adjusts the hydrogen production and power generation processes in real time to improve the system stability and energy efficiency. Energy storage buffer unit: used to balance the power fluctuations of the fuel cell output to ensure that the system can stably supply power to the load; when the fuel cell generates excess power, the excess electrical energy is stored in the energy storage unit; when the load suddenly increases or the fuel cell instantaneous output is insufficient, the energy storage unit can quickly compensate the output power. This module effectively reduces the performance degradation of the fuel cell caused by frequent power fluctuations and extends the overall service life of the system. Power regulation unit: used to adjust the output power of the fuel cell according to the load demand and control the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen generator. This unit can automatically adjust the working voltage and current of the fuel cell and the reaction rate of the hydrogen generator according to the real-time change signal of the load to keep the whole system operating at the optimal working point.

[0018] Working principle: First, the solid sodium borohydride tablets undergo a hydrolysis reaction with the injected water in the reaction vessel, and high-purity hydrogen is released under the action of a highly active ruthenium-based catalyst. The generated hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen generation device for temporary buffering and voltage stabilization. In the fuel cell, hydrogen releases electrons and protons at the anode, and the electrons are output through the external circuit to form an electric current, thus completing the process of electric energy conversion. The intelligent control system in the system monitors parameters such as hydrogen flow rate, reaction temperature, fuel cell output voltage, and current in real time through sensors, and the controller adjusts the catalytic reaction rate, gas delivery rate, and load matching to achieve efficient and stable operation. The entire system is encapsulated by a structural shell with waterproof, dustproof, and low-temperature resistance properties, and is equipped with an intelligent control panel for human-machine interaction and status display, facilitating users to operate, monitor, and maintain.

[0019] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and a fuel cell coupling integrated system, comprising: Used to generate hydrogen through the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride, the hydrogen generator includes a reaction container, a catalyst, a hydrogen generator, a hydrogen storage tank and an external interface; fuel cell: used to convert hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction; intelligent control system: used to monitor and adjust the operating status of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell in real time, including parameters such as hydrogen flow, purity, reaction temperature and pressure; energy storage buffer unit: used to balance the fluctuation of fuel cell output power to ensure that the system can stably supply power to the load; power regulation unit: used to adjust the output power of the fuel cell according to load demand and control the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen generator.

2. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator adopts solid sodium borohydride tablet technology to generate hydrogen through hydrolysis reaction. The solid sodium borohydride tablet is sealed and can be taken out and added as needed.

3. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst is a highly active ruthenium-based catalyst, which can start hydrogen production at -20°C without a heat source. The catalyst is prepared by a solution impregnation reduction method, has a three-dimensional structure, and can significantly improve hydrogen production efficiency.

4. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control system includes a sensor, a controller and an actuator. The sensor is used to monitor the key parameters of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell in real time. The controller adjusts the operating status of the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell according to the monitoring data. The actuator is used to execute the instructions of the controller and adjust parameters such as hydrogen flow, reaction temperature and pressure.

5. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage buffer unit includes a lithium-ion battery or a supercapacitor, which is used to store excess energy when the fuel cell outputs excess power and release energy when the power is insufficient to ensure stable operation of the system.

6. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power regulating unit achieves precise control of the system output power by regulating the reaction rate of the hydrogen generator and the load of the fuel cell. The power regulating unit also has the function of real-time monitoring of system parameters such as voltage and current.

7. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a housing, which has the characteristics of being waterproof, dustproof and low-temperature resistant and can operate normally within a temperature range of -40°C to 55°C.

8. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes an intelligent control panel, on which a display screen and operation buttons are provided for displaying the system operation status and a user operation interface.

9. The sodium borohydride hydrogen generator and fuel cell coupling integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prepare a sodium borohydride hydrogen generator, including a reaction vessel, catalyst, hydrogen generator, hydrogen storage tank and external interface; assemble a fuel cell, including a membrane electrode assembly, bipolar plates and end plates; install an intelligent control system, including sensors, controllers and actuators; integrate an energy storage buffer unit and a power regulation unit; and perform system testing and optimization to ensure stable operation of the system under different operating conditions.

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