Grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device

Abstract

The invention provides a grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device, and relates to the technical field of stem and leaf separation. The clamping, twisting and conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt, a first annular conveying belt and a second annular conveying belt which rotate reversely at the same speed are arranged below and above one side of the conveying belt respectively, and a conveying crack is formed in the adjacent sides of the first annular conveying belt and the second annular conveying belt; the grading roller brush defoliating mechanism is arranged below the conveying crack; the grading roller brush defoliating mechanism comprises a first defoliating mechanism and a second defoliating mechanism which are sequentially arranged in the conveying direction; and the material collecting mechanism is arranged below the grading roller brush defoliating mechanism. The stalk leaf removing efficiency can be improved, and the leaf removing quality is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of stem - leaf separation, and particularly to a grading roller - brush type stem - leaf separation device. Background Art

[0002] Artemisia selengensis is a characteristic edible vegetable in Nanjing. Its tender stems are the main edible parts. Because of its refreshing taste and delicious flavor, it is deeply loved by people. It can be stir - fried or made into soup. Moreover, Artemisia selengensis is rich in various nutrients and trace elements, having good economic value and prospects. Bagua Zhou in Nanjing is the main base for Artemisia selengensis cultivation. With the increasing market demand, the planting area expands year by year, bringing continuous income to local residents. The main edible part of Artemisia selengensis is the crispy and tender stem. After the harvest of Artemisia selengensis, farmers often hire manual labor to remove the leaves to ensure a higher selling price.

[0003] With the development of technological modernization and population urbanization, the labor cost of manual leaf removal gradually increases and the leaf - removal efficiency is low, which is difficult to meet the production needs of large - area Artemisia selengensis cultivation, restricting the large - scale development of the Artemisia selengensis industry. Farmers are difficult to obtain large profits, and the harvesting season of Artemisia selengensis is strong. The harvested Artemisia selengensis needs to be sold as soon as possible. The manual labor method is difficult to meet the market demand of Artemisia selengensis. Due to the irregular shape and vulnerability of Artemisia selengensis, the difficulty of mechanical leaf removal is relatively large. Currently, Artemisia selengensis leaf - removal devices are very rare and have poor effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above - mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a grading roller - brush type stem - leaf separation device, which can replace manual labor for stem - leaf separation of the stem.

[0005] A grading roller - brush type stem - leaf separation device provided by the present invention includes: A clamping and twisting conveying mechanism; the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism includes a conveyor belt for horizontally feeding, clamping and twisting the stem to be defoliated; a first annular conveyor belt and a second annular conveyor belt rotating in the same speed and opposite directions are respectively arranged below and above one side of the conveyor belt. The adjacent sides of the first annular conveyor belt and the second annular conveyor belt form a conveying gap for clamping the stem and twisting it during the conveying process so that the stem changes from a horizontal state to a vertical state. A grading roller - brush leaf - removal mechanism, arranged below the conveying gap; the grading roller - brush leaf - removal mechanism includes a first leaf - removal mechanism and a second leaf - removal mechanism arranged in sequence along the conveying direction; the first leaf - removal mechanism includes a leaf - removal roller. The rotation axis of the leaf - removal roller is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the stem, and a plurality of comb - brush rods are arranged on the outer peripheral part of the leaf - removal roller; the second leaf - removal mechanism includes two relatively arranged comb - brush rollers. The rotation axes of the comb - brush rollers are parallel to the conveying direction of the stem. The comb - brush rollers include a plurality of mounting shafts with a plurality of flexible spring teeth installed. The plurality of flexible spring teeth on the two comb - brush rollers are respectively one dense and one sparse. The material collecting mechanism is arranged below the grading roller brush leaf removing mechanism and is used for collecting stems and leaves and stalks respectively.

[0006] Preferably, the conveyor belt is provided with a positioning baffle for positioning the stems.

[0007] Preferably, multiple sets of tension wheels are provided on both outer sides of the conveying gap.

[0008] Preferably, the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism also includes a first transport gear, a second transport gear meshing with the first transport gear, an active roller and a lower horizontal roller coaxially arranged with the first transport gear, and a driven roller and an upper horizontal roller coaxially arranged with the second transport gear. The first annular conveyor belt is tensioned on the active roller and the lower horizontal roller, and the second annular conveyor belt is tensioned on the driven roller and the upper horizontal roller. The first transport gear is connected to the first motor through an active transmission shaft, and the second transport gear is meshed with the first transport gear for power reversing transmission, and power transmission is performed through a driven transmission shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the combing and brushing bars are configured to be elliptical, with a number of no more than 16, which are evenly arranged on the defoliating roller, and the spacing between adjacent combing and brushing bars is slightly larger than the width of the conveying gap.

[0010] Preferably, the inside of the flexible spring teeth is made of rigid material, and the outside is made of flexible material, and the ends of the flexible spring teeth are arranged in a hook shape to better comb and brush both sides of the stems.

[0011] Preferably, the brush roller is fixed on a brush roller support frame, and the brush roller support frame can be slidably sleeved on a mounting frame.

[0012] Preferably, the collecting mechanism comprises a stem and leaf collecting box and a stem and stalk collecting box, the stem and leaf collecting box is placed below the grading roller brush leaf removing mechanism, a discharge plate is provided below the output end of the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism, and the stem and stalk collecting box is placed below the discharge plate.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention adopts a semi-cross belt transmission method to flexibly clamp and transport the stems, realizing a 90° transformation of the stems from a horizontal flat state to a vertical state, ensuring that the stems enter the defoliation stage in a vertical state, improving the defoliation efficiency and ensuring the defoliation quality.

[0014] 2. The present invention adopts a hierarchical defoliation method, and a first and a second defoliation mechanism are provided. The rotation axis of the first defoliation mechanism is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the stalks. The combing rods installed on the roller can perform side-interpenetrating roller brushing defoliation on the stalks, and can straighten the stalks and disperse the stems and leaves to a certain extent during the defoliation process, so that the stems and leaves can better droop, and then complete the roller brushing defoliation, improving the effect and quality of defoliation. The second defoliation mechanism is two relatively arranged combing roller cylinders, whose rotation axes are parallel to the stalk conveying direction. The flexible spring teeth on the combing roller cylinders are arranged crosswise to achieve cross-type combing defoliation, and further defoliate the leaves that have not been successfully detached by the first defoliation mechanism. The number of flexible spring teeth on both sides of the relatively arranged combing roller cylinders is inconsistent. The side with fewer teeth can ensure that the stalks and the leaves between the stalks can be combed and dispersed during the cross-type combing defoliation process to ensure the quality of defoliation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hierarchical roller brushing type stem and leaf separation device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a partial top view of the hierarchical roller brushing type stem and leaf separation device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a left view of the hierarchical roller brushing type stem and leaf separation device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first defoliation mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second defoliation mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Frame; 201. Driving roller; 202. Driven roller; 203. First endless conveyor belt; 204. Second endless conveyor belt; 205. Upper horizontal roller; 206. Lower horizontal roller; 207. Conveyor belt; 208. Tensioning wheel; 209. Tensioning adjustment plate; 210. Positioning baffle; 211. First conveying gear; 212. Second conveying gear; 213. Tensioning support frame; 214. Tensioning screw; 31. First defoliation mechanism; 311. Defoliation roller; 310. Combing rod; 32. Second defoliation mechanism; 320. Mounting shaft; 321. Flexible spring tooth; 322. Mounting frame; 323. Combing roller support frame; 324. Power transmission shaft; 41. Stem and leaf collection box; 42. Stalk collection box; 43. Discharge plate; 51. First motor; 52. Driving transmission shaft; 53. Driven transmission shaft; 56. Second motor; 57. Third motor; 58. Worm and worm gear reducer. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment: As Figures 1 - 5 shown in a hierarchical roller brush type stem and leaf separation device, which includes a frame 1, a clamping and twisting conveying mechanism, a hierarchical roller brush leaf stripping mechanism and an aggregate mechanism. The clamping and twisting conveying mechanism, the hierarchical roller brush leaf stripping mechanism and the aggregate mechanism are respectively fixed on the frame 1. In this embodiment, the conveying direction of the stalk is from right to left.

[0023] The clamping and twisting conveying mechanism includes a conveyor belt 207 for feeding the stalks to be de-leafed into the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism, and a positioning baffle 210 is arranged on one side of the conveyor belt 207 to position the stalks through the positioning baffle 210, so as to ensure that the de-leafing area can interact with the de-leafing mechanism and ensure the de-leafing quality.

[0024] Further, a first annular conveyor belt 203 and a second annular conveyor belt 204 that rotate in the same speed and opposite directions are respectively arranged below and above one side of the conveyor belt 207. The adjacent sides of the first annular conveyor belt 203 and the second annular conveyor belt 204 form a conveying gap, that is, the working surfaces 2a, 2b participate in the clamping and conveying of the stalks. The conveying gap is used to clamp and convey the tips of the incoming stalks and twist them during the conveying process so that the stalks are changed from a horizontal state to a vertical state. The conveyor belt adopts a semi-crossed belt drive method to change the stalks from a horizontal state to a vertical state and enter the leaf stripping stage, simplifying the feeding process of the stalks and ensuring the feeding efficiency of the stalks.

[0025] Further, a plurality of groups of tension wheels 208 are arranged on both outer sides of the conveying gap to clamp the stalks during the entire leaf stripping process to prevent them from falling off. The tension wheels 208 are floatingly tensioned through the tensioning screws 214 installed on the side to adapt to stalks of different sizes. The tension wheels 208 and the tensioning screws 214 are fixedly installed on the frame 1 through the tensioning support frames 213.

[0026] Furthermore, the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism also includes a first transport gear 211, a second transport gear 212 meshing with the first transport gear 211, an active roller 201 and a lower horizontal roller 206 coaxially arranged with the first transport gear 211, a driven roller 202 and an upper horizontal roller 205 coaxially arranged with the second transport gear 212, the first annular conveyor belt 203 is tensioned on the active roller 201 and the lower horizontal roller 206, the second annular conveyor belt 204 is tensioned on the driven roller 202 and the upper horizontal roller 205, the first transport gear 211 is transmission-connected to the first motor 51 through the active transmission shaft 52, the second transport gear 212 is meshed with the first transport gear 211 for power reversing transmission, and power transmission is performed through the driven transmission shaft 53.

[0027] The first transport gear 211 drives the active roller 201 to rotate, thereby driving the first annular conveyor belt 203 to move; the second transport gear 212 drives the driven roller 202 to rotate, thereby driving the second annular conveyor belt 204 to move, and the rotation direction of the active roller 201 is opposite to that of the driven roller 202; and the axial directions of the active roller 201 and the driven roller 202 are perpendicular to the conveying direction of the stems.

[0028] Furthermore, in order to ensure the smooth transportation of the stalks, at least two lower horizontal rollers 206 are installed on the frame 1, and at least two lower horizontal rollers 206 are tensioned by a conveyor belt 207. The stalks are transported for a distance through the conveyor belt 207 and fed into the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism. Tension adjustment plates 209 are provided at both ends of the lower horizontal roller 206 to adjust the tension of the first endless conveyor belt 203, and the same is true for both ends of the upper horizontal roller 205.

[0029] The width of the first circular conveyor belt 203 and the second circular conveyor belt 204 is 80 mm, and a medium-density ordinary sponge layer is attached to the clamping side surface to avoid damaging the stems and provide a certain movable space for the stem clamping.

[0030] Furthermore, the hierarchical roller brush leaf stripping mechanism is arranged below the conveying gap and includes a first leaf stripping mechanism 31 and a second leaf stripping mechanism 32 arranged in sequence along the conveying direction. Among them, the first leaf stripping mechanism 31 includes a leaf stripping roller 311 that rotates, and its rotation axis is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the stalks. It is directly driven by the second motor 56. A plurality of oval comb brush rods 310 are evenly arranged on the circumference of the leaf stripping roller 311. The first leaf stripping mechanism 31 rotates clockwise to roller brush the leaf stalks on both sides of the vertically placed stalks. At the same time, it can loosen the leaves and stems and straighten the stalks, thereby ensuring the drooping state of the leaves and stems and laying a foundation for further comb brushing later. During this roller brushing process, the leaf stalks are subjected to a downward impact force, and a certain degree of leaf and stem separation will occur. However, for the leaf stalks parallel to the comb brush rods 310, roller brush leaf stripping cannot be completed, and further leaf stripping needs to be carried out by the relatively arranged comb brush rollers behind.

[0031] Furthermore, the second leaf stripping mechanism 32 includes two relatively arranged comb brush rollers. The rotation axes of the comb brush rollers are parallel to the conveying direction of the stalks. The comb brush drum includes multiple mounting shafts 320 for mounting a plurality of flexible spring teeth 321. The multiple mounting shafts 320 are connected to the worm and gear reducer 58 and the third motor 57 through the power transmission shaft 324 to achieve drive. The flexible spring teeth 321 are installed and fixed to the mounting shafts 320 through bolts and nuts, and the multiple flexible spring teeth 321 on the two comb brush rollers are respectively arranged in a dense and a sparse manner. Among them, the flexible spring teeth 321 are composed of a rigid material and a flexible material. The internal rigid material provides a certain stiffness for it, so that the flexible spring teeth can have a certain impact effect. The outer side uses a flexible material to greatly avoid damage to the stalks. The flexible spring teeth 321 on the adjacent sides of the two comb brush rollers are arranged in a staggered manner. The rotation of the flexible spring teeth 321 can complete the comb brushing of the leaves in the drooping state, act on the leaves that have not been successfully stripped by the first leaf stripping mechanism 31 but are drooping, and complete the secondary roller brush leaf stripping.

[0032] Furthermore, in order to better roller brush the leaves, the ends of the flexible spring teeth 321 are set in a hook shape.

[0033] Furthermore, since the annular conveyor belt is arranged in a semi-crossed form, in order to avoid cross interference, the number of the comb brush rods 310 is limited. The number is no more than 16, and they are evenly arranged on the leaf stripping roller 311. The distance between adjacent comb brush rods 310 is slightly larger than the width of the conveying gap, ensuring that the comb brush rods 310 can have a certain impact on the connection between the leaf stalks and the stalks, and achieving more efficient leaf removal. The specific number of the flexible spring teeth 321 is not limited, and the number of the flexible spring teeth 321 can be adjusted according to different requirements. Moreover, the rotation speed of the leaf stripping mechanism is adjustable to meet the requirements of different working conditions.

[0034] Further, the carding roller is fixed on the carding roller support frame 323, and the carding roller support frame 323 is slidably sleeved on the mounting frame 322. The carding roller support frame 323 can adjust the distance between the two carding rollers to adapt to different working conditions. The stalks after defoliation are output from the output ends of the driving roller 201 and the driven roller 202.

[0035] Further, the collecting mechanism includes a leaf and stem collecting box 41 and a stalk collecting box 42. The leaf and stem collecting box 41 is placed below the grading roller brush defoliation mechanism. A downwardly inclined parallelogram-shaped discharge plate 43 is arranged below the output end of the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism. The stalk collecting box 42 is placed below the discharge plate 43 to complete the independent collection of leaves and stems and stalks. Among them, the parallelogram-shaped discharge plate 43 can, to a certain extent, ensure that the stalks can change from vertical to horizontal after leaving the conveyor belt, so as to reduce the framing and sorting process.

[0036] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent solutions made by using the content of the specification of the present invention, directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are equally within the scope of the patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graded roller brush type stem and leaf separation device, characterized in that: include: A clamping and twisting conveying mechanism; the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt, which is used to feed the stems to be defoliated horizontally into the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism; a first annular conveying belt and a second annular conveying belt are respectively arranged below and above one side of the conveying belt, rotating in opposite directions at the same speed; adjacent sides of the first annular conveying belt and the second annular conveying belt form a conveying gap, which is used to clamp the stems, and twist the stems during the conveying process so that the stems are transformed from a horizontal state to a vertical state; A grading roller brush defoliation mechanism is arranged below the conveying gap; the grading roller brush defoliation mechanism comprises a first defoliation mechanism and a second defoliation mechanism arranged in sequence along the conveying direction; the first defoliation mechanism comprises a defoliation roller, the rotation axis of the defoliation roller is perpendicular to the conveying direction of the stems, and a plurality of combing brush rods are arranged on the outer periphery of the defoliation roller; the second defoliation mechanism comprises two combing brush rollers arranged oppositely, the rotation axis of the combing brush rollers is parallel to the conveying direction of the stems, the combing brush rollers comprise a plurality of mounting shafts equipped with a plurality of flexible spring teeth, and the plurality of flexible spring teeth on the two combing brush rollers are respectively one dense and one sparse; The material collecting mechanism is arranged below the grading roller brush leaf removing mechanism and is used for collecting stems and leaves and stalks respectively.

2. The grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveyor belt is provided with a positioning baffle for positioning the stems.

3. The grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A plurality of tension wheels are arranged on both outer sides of the conveying gap.

4. The grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The clamping and twisting conveying mechanism also includes a first transport gear, a second transport gear meshing with the first transport gear, an active roller and a lower horizontal roller coaxially arranged with the first transport gear, and a driven roller and an upper horizontal roller coaxially arranged with the second transport gear. The first annular conveyor belt is tensioned on the active roller and the lower horizontal roller, and the second annular conveyor belt is tensioned on the driven roller and the upper horizontal roller. The first transport gear is connected to the first motor through an active transmission shaft, and the second transport gear is meshed with the first transport gear for power reversing transmission, and power transmission is performed through a driven transmission shaft.

5. The grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The combing and brushing bars are configured in an elliptical shape, with a number of no more than 16, and are evenly arranged on the defoliating roller, with the spacing between adjacent combing and brushing bars being slightly larger than the width of the conveying gap.

6. The grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inside of the flexible spring tooth is made of a rigid material, and the outside is made of a flexible material. The end of the flexible spring tooth is set to be hook-shaped.

7. The grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The brush roller is fixed on a brush roller support frame, and the brush roller support frame can be slidably sleeved on a mounting frame.

8. The grading roller brush type stem and leaf separation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The material collection mechanism includes a stem and leaf collection box and a stem collection box, the stem and leaf collection box is placed below the grading roller brush leaf removal mechanism, a discharge plate is provided below the output end of the clamping and twisting conveying mechanism, and the stem collection box is placed below the discharge plate.

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