Downhole oil casing laser perforating device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a downhole oil casing laser perforating device, which belongs to the technical field of oil drilling. The device comprises the following steps: obtaining perforating parameter state data, perforating environment state data, beam quality influence data and current perforating state data; generating a perforating parameter state index and a perforating environment state index based on the perforating parameter state data and the perforating environment state data, and obtaining a perforating basic coefficient based on the perforating parameter state index and the perforating environment state index; generating a beam quality influence factor based on the beam quality influence data, and obtaining a perforating synergy coefficient of a current perforating depth and a beam linear velocity in the current perforating state data under the condition of the current beam quality influence factor; constructing a laser intensity adjustment model based on the synergy of the current perforating depth and the beam linear velocity, the perforating basic coefficient and the current laser intensity to generate a laser intensity adjustment value; the present invention can realize deep penetration perforation of oil casing by dynamically regulating laser parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oil drilling, and in particular relates to a downhole oil casing laser perforating device. Background Art

[0002] In oil and gas field development, downhole casing perforation technology is a key link in well completion and production stimulation. Traditional perforating devices mainly rely on mechanical drill bits or perforating guns, but these technologies have significant drawbacks:

[0003] Electric drilling technology: Due to the length limitation of the mechanical drill bit, the drilling depth is usually only tens of millimeters, which is difficult to meet the development needs of deep oil and gas layers; drill sticking accidents are prone to occur during the drilling process, resulting in operation interruption and equipment loss; the aperture adjustment flexibility is poor and depends on the drill bit size.

[0004] Perforating gun technology: Relying on gunpowder blasting, the drilling depth range is limited to 0.8-1.2m, posing explosion safety hazards and environmental pollution risks; the aperture and direction are difficult to accurately control during the blasting process, which can easily damage the casing structure and affect the integrity of the wellbore.

[0005] In addition, existing technologies cannot effectively deal with the interference of complex underground environments (such as high temperature, high pressure, and vibration) on drilling accuracy and stability, and lack dynamic adjustment capabilities, making it difficult to achieve coordinated optimization of deep penetration, high precision and non-contact operations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a downhole oil casing laser perforating device to solve the above problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A downhole oil casing laser perforating device, comprising:

[0008] Data acquisition module, which acquires perforation parameter status data, perforation environment status data, beam quality impact data and current perforation status data;

[0009] The perforation basic analysis module generates a perforation parameter status index and a perforation environment status index based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment status data, and obtains a perforation basic coefficient based on the perforation parameter status index and the perforation environment status index;

[0010] The perforation depth-linear velocity analysis module generates a beam quality impact factor based on the beam quality impact data, and obtains the perforation synergy coefficient of the current perforation depth and beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the current beam quality impact factor.

[0011] The laser intensity adjustment module builds a laser intensity adjustment model based on the synergy of the current perforation depth and beam linear velocity, the perforation basic coefficient, and the current laser intensity to generate a laser intensity adjustment value;

[0012] The perforation parameter status data includes the perforation target aperture, the perforation target depth and the material influencing factor; the perforation environment status data includes temperature and pressure; the beam quality influencing data includes the laser generator temperature fluctuation value, water vapor content and vibration information; the laser generator temperature fluctuation value refers to the difference between the current laser temperature and the average laser temperature within an acquisition cycle.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0014] Further technical solution: The laser intensity adjustment value is generated by:

[0015] Constructing a laser intensity adjustment model based on the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation base coefficient and current laser intensity;

[0016] Importing the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation base coefficient and current laser intensity into the laser intensity adjustment model to output the laser intensity adjustment value;

[0017] Comparing the obtained laser intensity adjustment value with the laser intensity threshold, if the laser intensity adjustment value is within the laser intensity threshold, adjusting the current laser intensity to the laser intensity adjustment value; if the laser intensity adjustment value is not within the laser intensity threshold, adjusting the current laser intensity to the boundary value of the closest laser intensity threshold;

[0018] The laser intensity adjustment model is expressed as:

[0019]

[0020] in, Indicates the laser intensity adjustment value, Indicates the current laser intensity. Indicates the adjustment scale factor, represents the perforation base coefficient, represents the perforation synergy coefficient, Represents the beam quality impact factor.

[0021] Further technical solution: The perforation basic coefficient is obtained as follows:

[0022] The perforation parameter state index obtained based on the perforation parameter state data and the perforation environment state index obtained based on the perforation environment state data are introduced into the constructed perforation basic model to output the perforation basic coefficient. The perforation basic model is expressed as:

[0023]

[0024] in, represents the perforation base coefficient, represents the perforation environment status index, Represents the perforation parameter status index.

[0025] Further technical solution: The perforation parameter status index is obtained as follows:

[0026] The target depth in the perforation parameter status data is processed by ratio processing with the perforation limit depth to generate the depth utilization rate, and the target aperture is processed by ratio processing with the minimum aperture of the perforation to generate the aperture processing difficulty factor;

[0027] The square of the depth utilization rate, the logarithm of the aperture processing difficulty factor, and the material influence factor are weighted averaged to obtain the perforation parameter status index.

[0028] A further technical solution is to perform ratio processing on the temperature and pressure in the perforation environment status data with their reference temperature and reference pressure respectively to obtain the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor, and then perform multiplication processing on the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor to obtain the perforation environment status index.

[0029] Further technical solution: The method of generating the beam quality impact factor based on the beam quality impact data is as follows:

[0030] The laser body temperature fluctuation, vibration amplitude and water vapor content in the beam quality impact data are respectively compared with the maximum allowable values of the three to obtain the laser body temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value and water vapor content value;

[0031] The temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value, and water vapor content value are introduced into the constructed beam quality influence model to obtain the beam quality influence factor. The beam quality influence model is expressed as:

[0032]

[0033] in, represents the beam quality influencing factor, Indicates the temperature fluctuation value, Indicates the vibration amplitude value, Indicates the amount of water vapor content.

[0034] Further technical solution: Under the condition of the current beam quality influencing factor, the method for obtaining the current perforation depth and the perforation synergy coefficient of the beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data is as follows:

[0035] The perforation depth at the current laser intensity is compared with the target perforation depth to obtain the perforation depth proximity value, and the beam linear velocity at the current laser intensity is compared with the maximum allowable linear velocity to obtain the velocity efficiency value;

[0036] The perforation synergy coefficient is obtained by multiplying the current perforation depth proximity value, velocity efficiency value, and beam quality influence factor.

[0037] Further technical solution: A downhole oil casing laser perforating device, further comprising a mounting tube and a limiting device, wherein the limiting device is detachably connected to the mounting tube on which the rotating drum is rotatably mounted, and further comprising:

[0038] A laser perforating mechanism, mounted on the rotating drum, for laser perforating;

[0039] A driving mechanism, mounted on the mounting tube, is used to drive the rotating drum to drive the laser perforating mechanism to rotate;

[0040] The pushing mechanism is installed on the mounting tube and is used to push the laser perforating mechanism out of the mounting tube.

[0041] In which, the laser perforating mechanism includes a laser generator and a mounting disk, the mounting disk is slidably matched with the rotating drum, and the mounting disk is evenly provided with slide grooves. The laser generator is detachably connected to a bearing platform slidingly arranged in a slide groove, and the bearing platform is threadedly connected to a first ball screw rotatably mounted on the mounting disk, and the first ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor mounted on the mounting disk. In addition, a counterweight block is slidably arranged in each of the slide grooves, and the counterweight block is threadedly connected to a second ball screw rotatably mounted on the mounting disk, and the second ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the fourth motor embedded in the mounting disk, and a vibration sensor is installed on the mounting disk.

[0042] Further technical solution: The driving mechanism includes a first motor and a first rotating shaft. The output shaft of the first motor embedded in the mounting tube is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft is connected to the rotating drum through a gear pair.

[0043] Further technical solution: The pushing mechanism includes a second motor, a wedge-shaped slider and a second rotating shaft. The output shaft of the second motor embedded in the mounting tube is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal lead screw. The trapezoidal lead screw is rotatably mounted on the mounting tube through a bearing. The trapezoidal lead screw is threadedly connected to the screw barrel fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped slider. The wedge-shaped slider is slidingly matched with the mounting tube. One end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting plate, and the other end of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a push sleeve. The push sleeve is fixedly connected to a push column that slides with a push groove opened on the wedge slider.

[0044] The present invention provides a downhole oil casing laser perforating device, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0045] 1. By establishing a multi-dimensional data fusion model, three key factors, namely target parameters, environmental interference, and equipment status, are incorporated into a unified calculation framework. For example, when vibration interference causes beam deviation, the system dynamically corrects the energy output through the synergy coefficient, while traditional methods can only passively withstand processing errors.

[0046] 2. This application achieves closed-loop control of laser perforation parameters in complex downhole environments, effectively improving perforation depth and aperture accuracy. By dynamically sensing environmental parameters and equipment status, the effects of temperature fluctuations and vibration interference on processing quality are eliminated. By utilizing a multi-source data fusion algorithm, the limitations of traditional single-parameter adjustment methods are overcome, enabling the coordinated optimization of processing objectives, environmental constraints, and equipment status. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the downhole oil casing laser perforation device.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the various components of the downhole oil casing laser perforation device.

[0050] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the pushing mechanism and the driving mechanism of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A.

[0052] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Mounting tube; 2. Limiting device; 3. Rotating drum; 4. Driving mechanism; 401. First motor; 402. First rotating shaft; 403. Gear pair; 5. Pushing mechanism; 501. Second motor; 502. Trapezoidal screw; 503. Screw drum; 504. Wedge-shaped slider; 505. Push sleeve; 506. Second rotating shaft; 6. Laser perforating mechanism; 601. Laser generator; 602. Mounting plate; 603. Third motor; 604. First ball screw; 605. Support platform; 606. Fourth motor; 607. Second ball screw; 608. Counterweight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0054] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Currently, downhole casing and tubing perforation relies primarily on two traditional technologies: mechanical drill bits and perforating guns. Mechanical drill bits, limited by their physical length, cannot achieve deep penetration and pose a risk of sticking. Perforating guns rely on explosive blasting, which presents safety risks and poor aperture control accuracy. Neither technology can dynamically adapt to complex downhole environments. For example, during operations in high-temperature, high-pressure well sections, traditional methods, unable to sense changes in environmental parameters in real time, can result in perforation depths deviating from design requirements, while vibration interference can cause irregular apertures.

[0057] To address these issues, the R&D team analyzed and discovered that the core contradiction lies in the lack of a dynamic, coordinated control mechanism for multi-dimensional parameters. First, they observed that laser energy output stability directly affects perforation quality, but they had not established a quantitative correlation between beam quality and environmental interference. Secondly, they discovered that existing parameter adjustments only consider a single variable, failing to integrate target parameters, environmental parameters, and equipment status parameters. Based on this, they proposed building a multi-source data fusion model to achieve precise energy control through dynamic calculation of processing coefficients.

[0058] See also Figure 1 , provided in one embodiment of the present invention, is a downhole oil casing laser perforating device, comprising:

[0059] Data acquisition module, which acquires perforation parameter status data, perforation environment status data, beam quality impact data and current perforation status data;

[0060] The perforation basic analysis module generates a perforation parameter status index and a perforation environment status index based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment status data, and obtains a perforation basic coefficient based on the perforation parameter status index and the perforation environment status index;

[0061] The perforation depth-linear velocity analysis module generates a beam quality impact factor based on the beam quality impact data, and obtains the perforation synergy coefficient of the current perforation depth and beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the current beam quality impact factor.

[0062] The laser intensity adjustment module builds a laser intensity adjustment model based on the synergy of the current perforation depth and beam linear velocity, the perforation basic coefficient and the current laser intensity to generate a laser intensity adjustment value.

[0063] Preferably, the perforation parameter status data includes the perforation target aperture, the perforation target depth and the material influencing factor; the perforation environment status data includes temperature and pressure; the beam quality influencing data includes the laser generator temperature fluctuation value, water vapor content and vibration information; the laser generator temperature fluctuation value refers to the difference between the current laser temperature and the average laser temperature within an acquisition cycle.

[0064] Among them, the perforation parameter state index is used to quantify the matching degree between the target processing requirements and the material properties. Specifically, the depth utilization rate can be calculated by the ratio of the target depth to the limit depth, and the processing difficulty can be calculated by combining the ratio of the target aperture to the minimum aperture, so as to achieve adaptive control of casings of different materials.

[0065] The perforation environmental state index constructs an environmental constraint model through temperature and pressure parameters. Specifically, it can normalize real-time data with baseline values to reflect the impact of high temperature and high pressure on energy transmission efficiency.

[0066] The beam quality influencing factors construct a dynamic interference assessment model through laser temperature fluctuations, water vapor content and vibration amplitude. For example, the measured values of each parameter are compared with the allowable threshold to achieve real-time diagnosis of the equipment's operating status.

[0067] The perforation synergy coefficient is used to evaluate the degree of match between the current processing progress and the equipment status. Specifically, it ensures the stability of the processing process by coupling the proximity of the actual perforation depth to the target value and the ratio of the linear speed to the maximum allowable value.

[0068] Specifically, the method first collects four types of key data through a sensor network: processing target parameters, environmental parameters, equipment status parameters, and real-time processing parameters. The perforation basic coefficient is generated by fusing the target parameters with the environmental parameters. For example, the material properties and the target aperture depth are weighted and calculated, and the influence coefficient of temperature and pressure on processing efficiency is combined. The beam quality influencing factor establishes a quantitative relationship between the equipment status and the beam quality by analyzing the laser operation stability parameters. The synergy coefficient dynamically compares the current processing depth and line speed with the target value, and evaluates the processing deviation in combination with the equipment status. Finally, by establishing a laser intensity adjustment model, the basic coefficient, synergy coefficient and current energy parameters are jointly calculated to output the optimized laser intensity value. For example, when the beam quality decreases due to a high temperature environment, the system automatically increases the energy output to compensate for the efficiency loss, and adjusts the line speed according to the real-time perforation depth to maintain processing stability.

[0069] Compared to existing technologies, traditional mechanical drill bits control processing depth solely through mechanical structure and are unable to dynamically adjust energy parameters. Perforating guns use a fixed charge to control blasting energy, lacking the ability to respond to environmental disturbances. This solution establishes a multidimensional data fusion model, incorporating three key factors—target parameters, environmental disturbances, and equipment status—into a unified calculation framework. For example, when vibration interference causes beam deviation, the system dynamically adjusts energy output using a synergy coefficient. Traditional methods, however, can only passively accommodate processing errors.

[0070] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves closed-loop control of laser perforation parameters in complex downhole environments, effectively improving perforation depth and aperture accuracy. By dynamically sensing environmental parameters and equipment status, the effects of temperature fluctuations and vibration interference on processing quality are eliminated. By utilizing a multi-source data fusion algorithm, the limitations of traditional single-parameter adjustment methods are overcome, achieving coordinated optimization of processing objectives, environmental constraints, and equipment status.

[0071] Preferably, the perforation base coefficient is obtained as follows:

[0072] The target depth in the perforation parameter status data is processed by ratio processing with the perforation limit depth to generate the depth utilization rate, and the target aperture is processed by ratio processing with the minimum aperture of the perforation to generate the aperture processing difficulty factor;

[0073] The square of the depth utilization rate, the logarithm of the aperture processing difficulty factor, and the material influence factor are weighted averaged to obtain the perforation parameter status index;

[0074] Ratio processing is performed on the temperature and pressure in the perforation environment state data with their reference temperature and reference pressure respectively to obtain the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor, and the product of the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor is performed to obtain the perforation environment state index;

[0075] The perforation parameter state index and the perforation environment state index are imported into the constructed perforation basic model to output the perforation basic coefficient. The perforation basic model is expressed as:

[0076]

[0077] in, represents the perforation base coefficient, represents the perforation environment status index, Represents the perforation parameter status index.

[0078] Specifically, when calculating the perforation base coefficient, the perforation parameter state index is first multiplied by the environmental index. This step strengthens the nonlinear coupling between the parameter and environmental factors. For example, when the target depth approaches the limit value, the parameter state index increases significantly. At this time, if the ambient temperature rises abnormally, the multiplication operation will amplify the negative effect of the environmental index. The product value is then ratioed with the sum of the two values. This step establishes a dynamic balance mechanism. When both the parameter and environmental indices are at high values, the ratio operation can suppress calculation deviations under extreme working conditions; when one index is at a low value, the ratio operation can retain the dominant influence of the other index. This calculation mechanism allows, in deep hole processing scenarios under high temperature and high pressure environments, to reflect the combined effects of material processing difficulty and environmental constraints while avoiding coefficient distortion caused by single parameter anomalies.

[0079] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods typically use linear superposition or fixed weight allocation to process parameters and environmental factors, which cannot accurately reflect the dynamic coupling relationship between the two. For example, when performing deep hole machining in a high-temperature environment, existing technologies may calculate the temperature influence coefficient and depth influence coefficient separately and simply add them together, resulting in the nonlinear characteristics of the interaction between material thermal deformation and machining stress in actual working conditions being ignored. This solution captures the synergistic effects of parameters and environmental factors through multiplication operations and realizes the dynamic allocation of influence weights through ratio operations, so that the basic coefficients can accurately represent the actual machining state under the complex interaction of multiple variables underground.

[0080] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of coefficient calculation error caused by the dynamic coupling of parameters and environmental factors in complex downhole environments, and improves the accuracy of the characterization of the perforation basic coefficient for actual working conditions. This solution uses a mathematical model to dynamically balance the interaction between parameters and environmental factors, so that under complex conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and vibration interference, it can still accurately evaluate the processing conditions, providing a reliable basis for subsequent laser intensity adjustment. In specific application scenarios, when the hardness of the oil casing material increases abnormally and the downhole temperature changes suddenly, the model can automatically enhance the coupling calculation weight of material factors and environmental factors to avoid the adjustment lag problem caused by the dominance of a single parameter.

[0081] Preferably, the beam quality impact factor is generated according to the beam quality impact data in the following manner:

[0082] The laser body temperature fluctuation, vibration amplitude and water vapor content in the beam quality impact data are respectively compared with the maximum allowable values of the three to obtain the laser body temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value and water vapor content value, wherein the laser body temperature fluctuation value refers to the ratio of the current temperature fluctuation of the laser to the maximum allowable temperature fluctuation range. This parameter is used to reflect the degree of influence of temperature anomaly on laser stability. The vibration amplitude value refers to the ratio of the vibration sensor measurement value to the maximum allowable vibration amplitude. Specifically, it can be achieved by using an accelerometer to collect vibration data and perform normalization processing. This parameter is used to quantify the offset effect of mechanical vibration on the beam transmission path. The water vapor content value refers to the ratio of the ambient water vapor concentration to the maximum allowable water content. Specifically, it can be achieved by using a humidity sensor to monitor in real time and calculate the relative saturation. This parameter is used to characterize the scattering and attenuation effect of water vapor on laser energy.

[0083] The temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value, and water vapor content value are introduced into the constructed beam quality influence model to obtain the beam quality influence factor. The beam quality influence model is expressed as:

[0084]

[0085] in, represents the beam quality influencing factor, Indicates the temperature fluctuation value, Indicates the vibration amplitude value, Indicates the amount of water vapor content.

[0086] Specifically, by multiplying the temperature fluctuation value, the vibration amplitude value, and the water vapor content value, the sensitivity to beam quality when a single parameter exceeds the standard can be enhanced.

[0087] Compared to existing technologies, traditional approaches lack a model linking beam quality and environmental parameters and rely solely on static control via empirical thresholds. For example, perforating gun technology cannot detect the attenuation of blast energy due to temperature fluctuations, and electroperforating technology fails to consider the impact of moisture on drill bit cooling efficiency. However, this solution, by collecting real-time temperature, vibration, and moisture data and constructing a dynamic quantitative model, can accurately identify the dominant factors contributing to beam quality degradation. Based on this mathematical model, it outputs adjustment instructions, enabling active compensation for environmental interference.

[0088] Through the above technical solution, the present application can evaluate the degree to which the beam quality is affected by environmental interference in real time in a high-temperature and high-pressure underground environment. For example, when the laser is displaced due to vibration, the laser intensity can be promptly increased to offset the energy loss through quantitative calculation of the vibration amplitude value. For beam scattering caused by a sudden increase in water vapor concentration, the system can automatically adjust the laser output power according to the dynamic changes in the water vapor content value to maintain the processing accuracy of the perforation depth and aperture. This solution effectively solves the problem of beam stability control in complex environments and avoids perforation interruption or casing damage caused by the exceeding of a single environmental parameter.

[0089] Preferably, the method for obtaining the current perforation depth and the perforation synergy coefficient of the beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the condition of the current beam quality influencing factor is:

[0090] The perforation depth at the current laser intensity is compared with the target perforation depth to obtain the perforation depth proximity value, and the beam linear velocity at the current laser intensity is compared with the maximum allowable linear velocity to obtain the velocity efficiency value;

[0091] The perforation synergy coefficient is obtained by multiplying the current perforation depth proximity value, velocity efficiency value, and beam quality influence factor.

[0092] The current perforation synergy coefficient refers to the degree of matching between the current perforation depth and the beam linear velocity. It can be calculated by multiplying the ratio of the current depth to the target depth by the linear velocity efficiency value and then by the beam quality influence factor ( , represents the perforation synergy coefficient, Indicates the current perforation depth, Indicates the target perforation depth, Indicates the current beam linear velocity, Indicates the maximum allowable line speed, Indicates line speed efficiency, Indicates the beam quality influencing factor and the current drilling synergy coefficient Through depth achievement rate (perforation depth closeness value ), speed efficiency ( ) and the beam quality factor ( ) coupling, reflecting the degree of match between the machining state and the ideal target in real time, and is used to characterize the coordination of dynamic parameters during the machining process. The perforation base coefficient is a comprehensive indicator of material properties and environmental parameters. Specifically, it is calculated by multiplying the perforation parameter state index and the perforation environment state index and then calculating the ratio of their sum. It is used to quantify the stability of basic process conditions.

[0093] Through the above technical solution, this application can achieve precise dynamic control of laser intensity under complex working conditions underground, effectively suppressing fluctuations in processing quality caused by sudden changes in environmental parameters. Through the exponential adjustment mechanism of multi-factor coupling, the matching of beam movement speed is optimized while ensuring the perforation depth, avoiding casing damage caused by excessive energy input. The threshold boundary forced limitation strategy is adopted to maintain the physical rationality of parameter adjustment and prevent the risk of equipment over-limit operation, solving the technical problems of traditional methods in adjusting hysteresis and overshoot in complex environments.

[0094] Preferably, the laser intensity adjustment value is generated in the following manner:

[0095] Constructing a laser intensity adjustment model based on the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation base coefficient and current laser intensity;

[0096] Importing the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation base coefficient and current laser intensity into the laser intensity adjustment model to output the laser intensity adjustment value;

[0097] Comparing the obtained laser intensity adjustment value with the laser intensity threshold, if the laser intensity adjustment value is within the laser intensity threshold, adjusting the current laser intensity to the laser intensity adjustment value; if the laser intensity adjustment value is not within the laser intensity threshold, adjusting the current laser intensity to the boundary value of the closest laser intensity threshold;

[0098] The laser intensity adjustment model is expressed as:

[0099]

[0100] in, Indicates the laser intensity adjustment value, Indicates the current laser intensity. Indicates the adjustment scale factor, represents the perforation base coefficient, represents the perforation synergy coefficient, Represents the beam quality impact factor.

[0101] Specifically, the current perforation synergy coefficient characterizes the matching degree between processing efficiency and target state, and the perforation basic coefficient is a comprehensive indicator of material properties and environmental parameters, reflecting the stability of basic process conditions. The larger it is, the further the actual efficiency deviates from the target, and the power needs to be increased. When the load increases, the power increases proportionally to overcome complex working conditions. When it decreases, the denominator decreases and the power increases to offset the energy loss. The laser intensity adjustment model realizes adaptive control of laser power through multi-parameter dynamic coupling.

[0102] Compared with existing technologies, traditional laser intensity control often uses a single-parameter feedback mechanism, such as linear proportional adjustment based solely on perforation depth error, which is unable to handle the multi-parameter coupling relationship downhole. This solution constructs an adjustment model that incorporates multi-dimensional influencing factors, capable of synchronously responding to the combined influence of material properties, environmental disturbances, and equipment status, while maintaining adjustment accuracy under high temperature and high pressure conditions. While existing technologies often use fixed upper limits for threshold settings, this solution employs dynamic boundary constraints, ensuring equipment safety while maximizing adjustment space.

[0103] Through the above-mentioned technical solution, this application can achieve precise dynamic control of laser intensity under complex downhole working conditions, effectively suppressing fluctuations in processing quality caused by sudden changes in environmental parameters. Through a multi-factor coupled adjustment mechanism, the matching of beam movement speed is optimized while ensuring perforation depth, avoiding casing damage caused by excessive energy input. The use of a threshold boundary forced limitation strategy not only maintains the physical rationality of parameter adjustment, but also prevents the risk of equipment operating beyond its limits, solving the technical difficulties of traditional methods in adjusting hysteresis and overshoot in complex environments.

[0104] See also Figures 2 to 5 A downhole oil casing laser perforating device includes a mounting pipe 1 and a limiting device 2, wherein the limiting device 2 is detachably connected to the mounting pipe 1 on which a rotating drum 3 is rotatably mounted, and further includes:

[0105] A laser perforating mechanism 6 is mounted on the drum 3 and is used for laser perforating;

[0106] The driving mechanism 4 is mounted on the mounting tube 1 and is used to drive the rotating drum 3 to drive the laser perforating mechanism 6 to rotate;

[0107] The pushing mechanism 5 is installed on the mounting tube 1 and is used to push the laser perforating mechanism 6 out of the mounting tube 1 .

[0108] Among them, the laser perforating mechanism 6 includes a laser generator 601 and a mounting disk 602, the mounting disk 602 is slidably matched with the rotating drum 3, and the mounting disk 602 is evenly provided with slide grooves (not marked in the figure), the laser generator 601 is detachably connected to a bearing platform 605 slidingly arranged in a slide groove, the bearing platform 605 is threadedly connected to a first ball screw 604 rotatably mounted on the mounting disk 602, the first ball screw 604 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor 603 mounted on the mounting disk 602, and a counterweight 608 is slidably provided in the other slide grooves, the counterweight 608 is threadedly connected to a second ball screw 607 rotatably mounted on the mounting disk 602, the second ball screw 607 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the fourth motor 606 embedded in the mounting disk 602, and the mounting disk 602 is installed with The vibration sensor (not shown in the figure) is configured to use the third motor 603 to drive the first ball screw 604 to rotate. The first ball screw 604 drives the carrier 605 to drive the laser generator 601 to perform linear motion, thereby adjusting the aperture of the laser generator 601. The drive mechanism 4 drives the mounting plate 602 to rotate. At this time, the vibration sensor can detect the vibration of the mounting plate 602. If the vibration amplitude of the mounting plate 602 exceeds a preset vibration amplitude threshold, the fourth motor 606 is started to drive the second ball screw 607 to drive the counterweight block 608 to perform linear motion, adjust the position of the counterweight block 608, and then adjust the center of gravity of the mounting plate 602 rotation, so that the vibration amplitude of the mounting plate 602 is within the vibration amplitude threshold, thereby preventing the vibration amplitude of the laser generator 601 from exceeding the threshold during perforation and affecting the perforation quality.

[0109] Among them, the driving mechanism 4 includes a first motor 401 and a first rotating shaft 402. The output shaft of the first motor 401 embedded in the mounting tube 1 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 402. The first rotating shaft 402 is connected to the rotating drum 3 through a gear pair 403. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the first motor 401 to drive the first rotating shaft 402 to rotate, and the first rotating shaft 402 synchronously drives the rotating drum 3 to rotate through the gear pair 403, thereby driving the mounting plate 602 to drive the laser generator 601 to rotate around the central axis of the mounting plate 602, thereby achieving the technical effect of driving the laser generator 601 to rotate around the central axis of the mounting plate 602 to perforate the object to be perforated.

[0110] The pushing mechanism 5 includes a second motor 501, a wedge-shaped slider 504 and a second rotating shaft 506. The output shaft of the second motor 501 embedded in the mounting tube 1 is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal screw 502. The trapezoidal screw 502 is rotatably mounted on the mounting tube 1 through a bearing (not shown in the figure). The trapezoidal screw 502 is threadedly connected to the screw barrel 503 fixedly connected to the wedge-shaped slider 504. The wedge-shaped slider 504 is slidably matched with the mounting tube 1. One end of the second rotating shaft 506 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 602, and the other end of the second rotating shaft 506 is rotatably connected to the push sleeve 5 05, the push sleeve 505 is fixedly connected to a push column (not marked in the figure) that slides with the push groove (not marked in the figure) provided on the wedge-shaped slider 504, the second motor 501 pushes the trapezoidal screw 502 to rotate, the trapezoidal screw 502 pushes the screw barrel 503 to drive the wedge-shaped slider 504 to perform linear motion, the wedge-shaped slider 504 pushes the push column through the push groove to drive the push sleeve 505 to push the second rotating shaft 506 to perform linear motion, the second rotating shaft 506 pushes the mounting plate 602 to slide along the rotating drum 3, thereby achieving the technical effect of pushing the laser generator 601 out of the mounting tube 1 close to the object to be perforated.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present invention, the laser generator 601 is pushed out of the mounting tube 1 by the pushing mechanism 5 and then approaches the object to be perforated. The first ball screw 604 is driven to rotate by the third motor 603. The first ball screw 604 drives the carrier 605 to drive the laser generator 601 to perform linear motion, thereby adjusting the aperture of the laser generator 601 perforation. At this time, the driving mechanism 4 is started to drive the rotating drum 3 to rotate. At this time, the vibration of the mounting plate 602 can be detected by the vibration sensor. If the vibration amplitude of the mounting plate 602 exceeds the preset vibration amplitude threshold, , the fourth motor 606 is started to push the second ball screw 607 to drive the counterweight 608 to perform linear motion, and the position of the counterweight 608 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the center of gravity of the mounting plate 602, so that the vibration amplitude of the mounting plate 602 is within the vibration amplitude threshold, thereby preventing the vibration amplitude of the laser generator 601 from exceeding the threshold and affecting the perforation quality during perforation. Finally, the laser generator 601 is turned on to perform laser perforation on the object to be perforated, and the laser intensity of the laser generator 601 is dynamically adjusted using the above-mentioned downhole oil casing laser perforation device.

[0112] Compared with existing technologies, traditional mechanical drill bits are limited by their fixed counterweight structure, making them unable to maintain dynamic balance when adjusting the perforation position. However, this solution, through a combination of symmetrical slides and dynamically adjustable counterweights, allows for real-time adjustment of the counterweight even after changing the position of the laser generator 601, maintaining rotational stability. Existing perforating gun devices lack an axial adjustment mechanism, and the perforation depth is limited by the explosive energy of the gunpowder. This solution achieves axial displacement control through a push mechanism 5, combined with rotational positioning to achieve three-dimensional spatial adjustment capabilities, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-direction processing. Compared to laser equipment using integral counterweights, this solution uses the coordinated adjustment of separate counterweights and the laser generator to reduce structural weight while ensuring dynamic balance, making it suitable for confined underground working spaces.

[0113] This technical solution achieves stable positioning of the laser perforating device in high-temperature, high-pressure environments, and dynamic balancing eliminates the effects of mechanical vibration on machining accuracy. A multi-dimensional motion adjustment mechanism supports coordinated control of circumferential positioning and axial propulsion, meeting the machining requirements of various apertures, depths, and shapes. A detachable connection facilitates rapid replacement of the laser source and maintenance of key components, enhancing the device's adaptability in complex wellbore conditions. A closed-loop control mechanism combining vibration monitoring and dynamic balancing effectively reduces positioning deviations caused by environmental interference, ensuring the machining accuracy of non-contact deep-penetration perforations.

[0114] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0115] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A downhole oil casing laser perforating device, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module, which acquires perforation parameter status data, perforation environment status data, beam quality impact data and current perforation status data; The perforation basic analysis module generates a perforation parameter status index and a perforation environment status index based on the perforation parameter status data and the perforation environment status data, and obtains a perforation basic coefficient based on the perforation parameter status index and the perforation environment status index; The perforation depth-linear velocity analysis module generates a beam quality impact factor based on the beam quality impact data, and obtains the perforation synergy coefficient of the current perforation depth and beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the current beam quality impact factor. The laser intensity adjustment module builds a laser intensity adjustment model based on the synergy of the current perforation depth and beam linear velocity, the perforation basic coefficient, and the current laser intensity to generate a laser intensity adjustment value; The perforation parameter status data includes the perforation target aperture, the perforation target depth and the material influencing factor; the perforation environment status data includes temperature and pressure; the beam quality influencing data includes the laser generator temperature fluctuation value, water vapor content and vibration information; the laser generator temperature fluctuation value refers to the difference between the current laser temperature and the average laser temperature within an acquisition cycle.

2. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser intensity adjustment value is generated as follows: Constructing a laser intensity adjustment model based on the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation base coefficient and current laser intensity; Importing the current perforation synergy coefficient, perforation base coefficient and current laser intensity into the laser intensity adjustment model to output the laser intensity adjustment value; Comparing the obtained laser intensity adjustment value with the laser intensity threshold, if the laser intensity adjustment value is within the laser intensity threshold, adjusting the current laser intensity to the laser intensity adjustment value; if the laser intensity adjustment value is not within the laser intensity threshold, adjusting the current laser intensity to the boundary value of the closest laser intensity threshold; The laser intensity adjustment model is expressed as: in, Indicates the laser intensity adjustment value, Indicates the current laser intensity. Indicates the adjustment scale factor, represents the perforation base coefficient, represents the perforation synergy coefficient, Represents the beam quality impact factor.

3. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The perforation basic coefficient is obtained as follows: The perforation parameter state index obtained based on the perforation parameter state data and the perforation environment state index obtained based on the perforation environment state data are introduced into the constructed perforation basic model to output the perforation basic coefficient. The perforation basic model is expressed as: in, represents the perforation base coefficient, represents the perforation environment status index, Represents the perforation parameter status index.

4. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The perforation parameter status index is obtained as follows: The target depth in the perforation parameter status data is processed by ratio processing with the perforation limit depth to generate the depth utilization rate, and the target aperture is processed by ratio processing with the minimum aperture of the perforation to generate the aperture processing difficulty factor; The square of the depth utilization rate, the logarithm of the aperture processing difficulty factor, and the material influence factor are weighted averaged to obtain the perforation parameter status index.

5. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature and pressure in the perforation environment status data are respectively ratioed with their reference temperature and reference pressure to obtain the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor, and the temperature difficulty factor and the pressure difficulty factor are multiplied to obtain the perforation environment status index.

6. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method of generating the beam quality impact factor based on the beam quality impact data is as follows: The laser body temperature fluctuation, vibration amplitude and water vapor content in the beam quality impact data are respectively compared with the maximum allowable values of the three to obtain the laser body temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value and water vapor content value; The temperature fluctuation value, vibration amplitude value, and water vapor content value are introduced into the constructed beam quality influence model to obtain the beam quality influence factor. The beam quality influence model is expressed as: in, represents the beam quality influencing factor, Indicates the temperature fluctuation value, Indicates the vibration amplitude value, Indicates the amount of water vapor content.

7. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the current perforation depth and the perforation synergy coefficient of the beam linear velocity in the current perforation state data under the current beam quality influencing factor is: The perforation depth at the current laser intensity is compared with the target perforation depth to obtain the perforation depth proximity value, and the beam linear velocity at the current laser intensity is compared with the maximum allowable linear velocity to obtain the velocity efficiency value; The perforation synergy coefficient is obtained by multiplying the current perforation depth proximity value, velocity efficiency value, and beam quality influence factor.

8. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also includes a mounting tube and a limiting device, wherein the limiting device is detachably connected to the mounting tube on which the rotating drum is rotatably mounted, and further includes: A laser perforating mechanism, mounted on the rotating drum, for laser perforating; A driving mechanism, mounted on the mounting tube, is used to drive the rotating drum to drive the laser perforating mechanism to rotate; A pushing mechanism is installed on the mounting tube and is used to push the laser perforating mechanism out of the mounting tube; In which, the laser perforating mechanism includes a laser generator and a mounting disk, the mounting disk is slidably matched with the rotating drum, and the mounting disk is evenly provided with slide grooves. The laser generator is detachably connected to a bearing platform slidingly arranged in a slide groove, and the bearing platform is threadedly connected to a first ball screw rotatably mounted on the mounting disk, and the first ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor mounted on the mounting disk. In addition, a counterweight block is slidably arranged in each of the slide grooves, and the counterweight block is threadedly connected to a second ball screw rotatably mounted on the mounting disk, and the second ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the fourth motor embedded in the mounting disk, and a vibration sensor is installed on the mounting disk.

9. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a first motor and a first rotating shaft. The output shaft of the first motor embedded in the mounting tube is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft is transmission-connected to the rotating drum via a gear pair.

10. The downhole oil casing laser perforating device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pushing mechanism includes a second motor, a wedge-shaped slider and a second rotating shaft. The output shaft of the second motor embedded in the mounting tube is fixedly connected to the trapezoidal lead screw. The trapezoidal lead screw is rotatably mounted on the mounting tube through a bearing. The trapezoidal lead screw is threadedly connected to a screw barrel fixedly connected to the wedge slider. The wedge slider slides with the mounting tube. One end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The other end of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a push sleeve. The push sleeve is fixedly connected to a push column that slides with a push groove opened on the wedge slider.

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