Mining method of stope between large-volume filling bodies

Abstract

The invention discloses a mining method of a stope between large-volume filling bodies, which comprises the following steps of: firstly isolating the stope from the large-volume filling bodies through artificial entities, then dividing the stope into a plurality of ore sections along the height direction, sequentially stoping each ore section from bottom to top, and filling after the stoping of each ore section is completed. Solid separating walls are built on the two sides of a stope to be mined in the height direction, the separating walls are located between a large-volume filling body and a mining body to be mined, the whole construction process of the separating walls is located in the stope to be mined, and after the separating walls are formed, in the stoping process of the stope to be mined, the separating walls serve as barriers in rock drilling and blasting construction; continuous disturbance of the stope to be mined is avoided, blasting impact is isolated, movement and deformation of the filling body are limited, and the problem that the filling body mined in the stope adjacent to the large-size filling body loses stability and collapses is fundamentally solved. In addition, the stope has no loss of ore wall resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of mine exploitation and relates to a method for exploiting a stope between large-volume filling bodies. Background Art

[0002] Filling is an important measure to limit the movement and deformation of rock masses and eliminate the hazards of mine ground pressure. Due to its small strength and poor stability, the filling body is prone to damage and instability under mining disturbances. When mining adjacent to large-volume filling bodies, continuous blasting operations are extremely likely to cause the collapse of the filling body, resulting in the filling body collapsing into the mining operation space. This not only poses a serious threat to operating personnel and equipment, but also occupies the operation space, causing the mining to be forced to interrupt, and may even lead to the suspension of mining, resulting in a large amount of mineral resources being unable to be mined and becoming a permanent loss.

[0003] When mining adjacent to large-volume filling bodies, leaving a reserved ore wall to protect the filling body is a commonly used technical measure. However, since the protective wall is formed by stripping from the ore body, it is very difficult to form a relatively regular protective wall during the ore body mining process. If there is a slight deviation in rock drilling or blasting, the protective wall may not be retained, resulting in the collapse of the filling body. On the other hand, from the perspective of resource recovery, the ore wall itself is an ore body and a precious non-renewable resource. Leaving a reserved protective wall means that the resources will not be developed, resulting in resource losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for exploiting a stope between large-volume filling bodies that can both maintain the stability of the filling body and cause no loss of mineral resources.

[0005] The method for exploiting a stope between large-volume filling bodies provided by the present invention first isolates the stope from the large-volume filling body through an artificial entity, and then divides the stope into several ore sections along the height direction, and sequentially extracts each ore section from bottom to top. After each ore section is extracted, filling is carried out immediately.

[0006] When implementing the above method, the steps of isolating the stope from the large-volume filling body through an artificial entity are as follows:

[0007] Step 1: Symmetrically drive a number of horizontal measure headings along the height direction at the junctions of both sides of the stope and the filling body;

[0008] Step 2: Connect the measure headings on both sides respectively, and the connection width is less than the width of the measure heading;

[0009] Step 3: Pour a reinforced concrete wall within the connection width as the artificial entity.

[0010] When implementing the above method, in Step 1, the spacing of the measure headings is 10 - 15 m, and both ends are respectively connected to the external transportation roadway outside the ore body. The first measure heading is located at the lowest part of the stope.

[0011] When the above method is implemented, in step two, the penetration width does not exceed 1 / 2 of the width of the measure roadway.

[0012] When the above method is implemented, in step two, when the measure roadway is penetrated, it is constructed from bottom to top.

[0013] When the above method is implemented, in step three, after the upper and lower adjacent measure roadways are penetrated, a steel bar grid is placed from top to bottom in the penetration section. The joints of the steel bar grids are embedded in each other. After the steel bar grid is placed, a high-strength concrete slurry is poured.

[0014] When the above method is implemented, the height of the steel bar grid is 2 - 3m and the width is 1 - 3m.

[0015] When the above method is implemented, the measure roadways at the corresponding heights on both sides are respectively penetrated to form cutting headings, and the stope ore body is divided into ore sections through the cutting headings.

[0016] When the above method is implemented, when each ore section is mined, blast holes are drilled downward from the cutting heading above it for blasting and ore caving, and a remote-controlled load-haul-dump vehicle shovels out the muck pile to form a mined-out area.

[0017] When the above method is implemented, after the topmost ore section is mined, it is backfilled to the roof. When other ore sections are backfilled, the cutting heading above them is reserved as the ore caving area for the previous ore section.

[0018] In the present invention, by building solid isolation walls on both sides in the height direction of the stope to be mined, the isolation walls are located between the large-volume filling body and the ore body to be mined. The entire construction process of the isolation walls is located within the stope to be mined. After the isolation walls are formed, during the mining process of the stope to be mined, the rock drilling and blasting construction are both blocked by the isolation walls, which not only avoids the continuous disturbance of the stope to be mined and isolates the blasting impact, but also restricts the movement and deformation of the filling body, fundamentally solving the problem of the instability and collapse of the filling body in the mining of the stope adjacent to the large-volume filling body. In addition, there is no loss of ore wall resources in the stope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of measure roadways in a stope in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1a is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of A - A in

[0021] Figures 2a - 2d It is a schematic diagram of the forming process of the artificial isolation wall.

[0022] Figure 2e It is a schematic diagram after the artificial isolation wall is formed.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of dividing the stope into ore sections by penetrating the measure roadways on both sides of the stope to form cutting headings.

[0024] Figures 4a - 4c It is a schematic diagram of the ore block mining process.

[0025] Details of the serial numbers in the figure:

[0026] 1 - Stope to be mined; 2 - Mass filling body; 3 - Measure roadway;

[0027] 4 - External orebody transportation roadway; 5 - First-stage injection well; 6 - First-stage isolation wall;

[0028] 7 - Overall isolation wall; 8 - Cutting level; 9 - Blasthole. Specific implementation method

[0029] For the mining method of the stope between mass filling bodies provided by the present invention, the general concept is as follows: First, isolate the stope from the mass filling body through an artificial solid, then divide the stope into several ore blocks along the height direction, mine each ore block in sequence from bottom to top, and perform filling after the mining of each ore block is completed.

[0030] In this embodiment, an isolation wall made of artificial reinforced concrete is used as the solid isolation.

[0031] The specific process of isolating the stope 1 to be mined from the mass filling body 2 through an artificial solid in this embodiment is as follows:

[0032] As Figure 1 shown, first determine the measure roadways 3 at the lowest and highest positions of the stope 1 to be mined respectively, and then evenly divide the stope height at intervals of 10 - 15 m to determine the number of intermediate measure roadways.

[0033] As Figure 1a shown, the measure roadway 3 is constructed starting from the external orebody transportation roadway 4 until the transportation roadway on the other side of the orebody. That is, both ends of the measure roadway 3 are connected to the external orebody transportation roadway 4.

[0034] The (width) × (height) of the measure roadway is (5 m × 3 m) - (6 m × 5 m).

[0035] Select the equipment for through construction: raise boring machine.

[0036] Determine the through width: half of the width of the measure roadway.

[0037] As Figures 2a - 2d shown, during construction, isolate one section after penetrating one section to support the exposed side wall of the filling body in a timely manner.

[0038] The specific construction process of forming the isolation wall is as follows:

[0039] (1) The raise borer enters the second measure roadway 3 from the ore body external haulage roadway 4 and drives upward (changed from drilling downward) according to the specified width. When the first measure roadway is penetrated, the first section of the grouting shaft 5 is formed, and its depth is the sum of the height of the measure roadway and the spacing between measure roadways.

[0040] (2) The raise borer enters the ore body external haulage roadway 4.

[0041] (3) Place the steel bar grid into the first section of the grouting shaft. At the same time, make the upper, lower, left, and right splicing joints between the steel bar grids embed into each other to form an integral whole. For the convenience of fabrication and placement construction, the height of the steel bar grid is 2 - 3m, and the width is 1 - 3m.

[0042] (4) Set the blocking baffle on the outside of the steel bar grid corresponding to the lowest measure roadway.

[0043] (5) Pour the concrete slurry from top to bottom and form the first section of the isolation wall 6 after curing.

[0044] (7) Repeat the above process until the highest measure roadway is penetrated and the last section of the isolation wall is grouted. The height of the last section of the isolation wall is the sum of the spacing between measure roadways and the heights of two measure roadways, and the height of other sections of the isolation wall is the sum of the height of one measure roadway and the height of the measure roadway. That is, the last section of the isolation wall needs to be filled up to the top, and other sections of the isolation wall are filled to the bottom surface of the measure roadway corresponding to the upper end of the penetrated section.

[0045] After the overall isolation wall 7 is formed on both sides of the stope to be mined, the width of each measure roadway 3 remains half, as Figure 2e shown.

[0046] After the overall isolation wall is cured, the construction equipment enters the measure roadway from the ore body external haulage roadway 4 and constructs and penetrates from the measure roadways 3 on both sides at the same height in opposite directions to form the cutting drift 8, dividing the stope height into four ore blocks as Figure 3 shown.

[0047] The ore body is mined in the way of from bottom to top, and the specific process is as follows:

[0048] As Figure 4a shown, when mining the first ore block, drill blast holes 9 downward from the cutting drift above this ore block for blasting and ore caving, and the cutting drift below this ore block serves as the ore caving space. The remote-controlled load-haul-dump machine shovels out the muck pile to form a mined-out area.

[0049] As Figure 4b shown, when backfilling, retain the cutting drift above this ore block as the ore caving space for the second ore block.

[0050] The mining and backfilling of the second and third ore blocks are the same as those of the first ore block.

[0051] When the fourth mining section is mined, since the fourth mining section is the last mining section of the stope, there are cutting lanes above and below the mining section, such as Figure 4c Therefore, the cutting level tunnel above needs to be filled during filling, that is, this mining section needs to be top-filled.

[0052] In summary, this embodiment first distributes the measure tunnels symmetrically on both sides of the height direction of the mining area, then connects the measure tunnels up and down to form a grouting well section, makes a steel mesh and lowers it into the grouting well, and pours slurry to consolidate to form a high-strength grouting wall section, and finally forms a reinforced concrete integral isolation wall. Then, the reserved half-width measure tunnel is used to excavate in opposite directions to form a cutting tunnel, and the mining body to be mined is divided into independent mining sections. At the same time, the cutting tunnel is used as the rock drilling and blasting operation space, and the mining section is blasted and mined. After mining, it is filled to the bottom plate position of the cutting tunnel, and the blasting and dropping space of the upper mining section is reserved.

[0053] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0054] By building solid isolation walls on both sides of the mining site in the height direction, the isolation walls are located between the large-volume filling body and the mining body to be mined, and the entire construction process of the isolation walls is located in the mining site to be mined. After the isolation walls are formed, the rock drilling and blasting construction in the mining site to be mined will be protected by the isolation walls. It not only avoids continuous disturbance of the mining site to be mined and isolates the impact of blasting, but also limits the movement and deformation of the filling body, fundamentally solving the problem of instability and collapse of the filling body in the mining site adjacent to the large-volume filling body.

[0055] A "one tunnel for multiple uses" model was created to carry out mining in the mining area to be mined. First, the mining area to be mined was divided into several mining sections by constructing a cutting tunnel using the skylight tunnel, and mining was carried out in units of mining sections. Secondly, the half-width tunnel was used to enter and exit the mining area to shovel and transport the blasted ore, and the tunnel became the mine exit channel. Finally, the half-width skylight tunnel was still used to set up filling pipes to fill the goaf.

[0056] "One tunnel for multiple uses" has greatly reduced the amount of mining work and improved the efficiency of ore mining. The "one tunnel for multiple uses" method is used to achieve mining and filling in different mining sections. Before mining, the high-strength cast-in-place wall is supported laterally by the ore body, and after mining, the high-strength cast-in-place wall is supported laterally by the filling body, which effectively ensures the stability of the high-strength cast-in-place wall. More importantly, after the high-strength cast-in-place wall is constructed, the blasting impact of the mining section is isolated, and blastholes can be arranged at the boundary of each mining section without retaining the retaining wall. In this way, all resources in the mining area to be mined can be recovered, truly realizing loss-free mining.

Claims

1. A method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies, characterized in that: The method first sets an artificial entity to isolate the mining area from the large volume filling body, then divides the mining area into several mining sections along the height direction, and mines each mining section in sequence from bottom to top. After each mining section is completed, filling is carried out.

2. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for artificial physical isolation of the stope from the bulk fill are as follows: Step 1: excavate several horizontal tunnels symmetrically along the height direction at the junction of the two sides of the stope and the filling body; Step 2: penetrate the measure lanes on both sides respectively, and the penetration width is smaller than the measure lane width; Step 3: Cast reinforced concrete walls within the penetration width as artificial entities.

3. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In step one, the spacing between the measure tunnels is 10-15m, and both ends are connected to the external ore transport tunnels. The first measure tunnel is located at the lowest point of the mining area.

4. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, the through width shall not exceed 1 / 2 of the width of the measure tunnel.

5. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, when the measure tunnel is through, construction is carried out from bottom to top.

6. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, after the upper and lower adjacent measure tunnels are connected, steel mesh frames are placed in the through section from top to bottom, and the joints of the steel mesh frames are embedded in each other. After the steel mesh frames are placed, high-strength concrete slurry is poured.

7. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies according to claim 6, characterized in that: The height of the steel mesh frame is 2-3m, and the width is 1-3m.

8. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measure tunnels at corresponding heights on both sides are connected to form cutting tunnels, and the ore body in the mining area is divided into mining sections through the cutting tunnels.

9. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: When each mining section is mined, blast holes are constructed downward from the cutting level above it to blast the ore down, and remote-controlled scrapers are used to shovel out the blast pile to form a goaf.

10. The method for mining a stope between large-volume filling bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The highest mining section is mined and then top-filled. When other mining sections are filled, the cutting level tunnel above them is retained as the ore landing area for the previous mining section.

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