Four-way valve, drainage system and ship

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a four-way valve, a drainage system and a ship. The four-way valve comprises a valve body, a valve element and a valve seat, a valve cavity is formed in the valve body, and four valve ports communicating with the valve cavity are formed in the valve body in the circumferential direction of the valve body; a first channel and a second channel are arranged in the valve element, and the valve element is rotatably arranged in the valve cavity, so that the first channel is connected with two adjacent valve ports, and the second channel is connected with the other two adjacent valve ports; the number of the valve seats is four, each valve seat is correspondingly arranged on the valve port, and each valve seat is matched with the valve element in a sealing mode. Wherein the four valve seats comprise the first valve seats and the second valve seats, the number of the first valve seats is three, a first sealing part is arranged between each first valve seat and the corresponding valve port, and a flow guide gap is formed between the second valve seat and the corresponding valve port. The technical problem that a four-way valve sealing structure is prone to failure is solved, and the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the sealing structure is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of ships, and particularly to a four-way valve, a drainage system, and a ship. Background Art

[0002] During the actual operation of a ship, since the drainage system needs to frequently open and close valves and withstand water pressure changes under different working conditions, the sealing components of the valves are extremely vulnerable to wear. Especially in the case of high-pressure drainage, the sealing structure of traditional valves needs to bear huge pressures, which not only increases the risk of damage to the sealing components but also may lead to sealing failure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a four-way valve, a drainage system, and a ship, which solve the technical problem that the sealing structure of the four-way valve is prone to failure and achieve the technical effect of improving the service life of the sealing structure.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted in this application include: In a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides a four-way valve, including a valve body, a valve core, and a valve seat. A valve cavity is provided inside the valve body. Along the circumferential direction of the valve body, the valve body is provided with four valve ports communicating with the valve cavity; the valve core has a first channel and a second channel inside. The valve core is rotatably arranged in the valve cavity so that the first channel connects two adjacent ones of the four valve ports, and the second channel connects the other two adjacent ones of the four valve ports; there are four valve seats, and each valve seat is correspondingly arranged at the valve port, and each valve seat is in sealing cooperation with the valve core; among them, the four valve seats include a first valve seat and a second valve seat. There are three first valve seats, and a first sealing portion is provided between each first valve seat and the corresponding valve port, and a diversion gap is provided between the second valve seat and the corresponding valve port.

[0005] For the four-way valve proposed in the embodiment of this application, since no sealing structure is provided between the second valve seat and the corresponding valve port and there is a diversion gap between the second valve seat and the corresponding valve port, the fluid flowing through the second valve seat enters the valve cavity, increasing the pressure in the valve cavity. The pressure borne by the first sealing portions at the three first valve seats is the pressure difference between the pressure in the valve cavity and the pressure at the valve port. Since the pressure in the valve cavity increases, the pressure difference at both ends of the first sealing portion decreases. The smaller sealing pressure difference is beneficial to reducing the sealing burden of the first sealing portion, reducing the wear and leakage risks of the first sealing portion, improving the sealing performance and service life of the four-way valve, and also helping to reduce the energy loss of the entire system.

[0006] Optionally, the valve body includes a valve body and a valve cover, the valve body and the valve cover define the valve cavity, along the axial direction of the valve body, the valve body has a first groove, the valve cover has a second groove, the first groove and the second groove are arranged opposite to each other, along the axial direction of the valve body, the valve core has a first axis and a second axis, the first axis is rotatably arranged in the first groove, the second axis is rotatably arranged in the second groove, the four-way valve also includes a valve stem rotatably connected to the valve cover, and the valve stem is connected to the second axis.

[0007] In the above scheme, the valve stem is fixed in the second shaft, and the valve stem only drives the valve core to rotate, thereby reducing the lateral force transmitted to the valve core by the valve core when the valve stem drives the valve core to rotate, reducing the local pressure on the valve stem, and reducing the friction force on the valve stem, thereby reducing the risk of the valve stem being easily damaged and causing failures, and improving the reliability of the switching action of the four-way valve.

[0008] Optionally, a first sleeve is provided between the inner wall of the first groove and the outer circumferential surface of the first shaft, and a second sleeve is provided between the inner wall of the second groove and the outer circumferential surface of the second shaft.

[0009] In the above solution, the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve increase the rigidity of the valve core fixation, and make the first shaft and the second shaft bear force evenly, thereby reducing wear.

[0010] Optionally, the valve cover has a first hole, and the valve stem is rotatably arranged in the first hole, the first hole includes a first section and a second section, the inner diameter of the first section is smaller than the inner diameter of the second section, the first section is closer to the valve core than the second section, a first sealing sleeve is abutted between the inner circumference of the second section and the outer circumference of the valve stem, a third groove is arranged on the outer circumference of the first sealing sleeve, and a fourth groove is arranged on the first sealing sleeve, and the fourth groove passes through the end surface of the first sealing sleeve facing the valve core and the inner circumference of the first sealing sleeve; wherein a first sealing ring is arranged in the third groove, the first sealing ring is pressed against the inner circumference of the second section, and a second sealing ring is arranged in the fourth groove, the second sealing ring is pressed against the valve stem.

[0011] In the above scheme, the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are arranged in the second section to improve the sealing performance between the valve stem and the valve cover, and the fourth groove runs through the inner surface of the first sealing sleeve and the end surface close to the valve core, so that the fourth groove is constructed as a groove with openings on both sides, so that the second sealing ring can be installed as a whole without cutting, which increases the reliability of the second sealing ring, thereby improving the reliability of the second sealing ring and increasing the life of the second sealing ring.

[0012] Optionally, along the axial direction of the valve stem, the fourth groove has a bottom surface, and a first retaining ring is further provided in the fourth groove, and the first retaining ring is provided between the bottom surface and the second sealing ring.

[0013] In the above solution, a first single retaining ring is arranged between the second sealing ring and the bottom surface of the fourth groove, which can reduce the second sealing ring from being squeezed into the position close to the bottom surface of the fourth groove, thereby reducing the damage of the second sealing ring and reducing the mutual abrasion between the valve stem and the first sealing sleeve.

[0014] Optionally, a packing part is further arranged in the second section. The four-way valve further includes a first pressing plate, which is sleeved on the valve stem and fixedly connected to the valve cover. Along the axial direction of the valve stem, the packing part is pressed between the first pressing plate and the first sealing sleeve.

[0015] In the above solution, the packing part can provide partial pre-tightening force for the valve stem, reduce the sealing torque borne by the valve stem, and when one or both of the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring fail, the packing part can serve as a sealing structure to play a sealing role between the valve stem and the valve cover, providing double guarantee for the valve stem sealing.

[0016] Optionally, the first pressing plate and the valve cover are connected by a fastener. The fastener includes a connected fastening part and an abutting part. The fastening part connects the first pressing plate and the valve cover; the four-way valve further includes a first elastic part, which is sleeved on the fastening part. Along the axial direction of the valve stem, the first elastic part is pressed between the abutting part and the first pressing plate.

[0017] In the above solution, the first elastic part provides a continuous elastic force for the first pressing plate to form elastic loading, thereby forming continuous loading on the packing part and automatically compensating for the change in the sealing specific pressure of the packing part caused by the change in the medium temperature and pressure, reducing the probability of packing part sealing failure.

[0018] Optionally, the valve seat includes a connected valve seat body and a connecting part. A part of the valve seat body is located in the valve port. The connecting part is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body close to the valve core side and is hermetically connected to the valve core; the first sealing part includes a first sealing member and a second sealing member. Both the first sealing member and the second sealing member are arranged between the valve seat body and the inner peripheral surface of the valve port. The first sealing member is closer to the valve core than the second sealing member. A first cavity is formed between the connecting part, the valve seat body and the first sealing member, and the first cavity is in fluid communication with the valve cavity.

[0019] In the above solution, since the first cavity is in fluid communication with the valve cavity, the medium pressure in the first cavity is the same as the medium pressure in the valve cavity. Since the connecting portion is sealingly connected to the valve core, the force-bearing area of the connecting portion on the side close to the valve core for bearing the medium pressure is small, and the force-bearing area of the connecting portion on the side close to the first cavity for receiving the medium pressure is the annular area of the entire connecting portion along the radial direction of the valve seat body. Therefore, the force-bearing area of the connecting portion on the side close to the first cavity for receiving the medium pressure is larger than the force-bearing area of the connecting portion on the side close to the valve core for bearing the medium pressure, so that the force exerted by the medium on the valve seat is always directed towards the valve core, that is, the force exerted by the medium pushes the valve seat to abut against the valve core, thereby forming a seal.

[0020] Optionally, the first sealing portion further includes a plurality of first sealing rings and a plurality of second sealing rings. Part of the plurality of first sealing rings is embedded in the first sealing member and abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body, and the other part of the plurality of first sealing rings is embedded in the second sealing member and abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body. Part of the plurality of second sealing rings is embedded in the first sealing member and abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port, and the other part of the plurality of second sealing rings is embedded in the second sealing member and abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port.

[0021] In the above solution, first sealing rings that abut against the valve seat body are embedded in the inner peripheral surfaces of the first sealing member and the second sealing member, and second sealing rings that abut against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port are embedded in the outer peripheral surfaces of the first sealing member and the second sealing member, thereby improving the sealing reliability between the valve seat body and the valve port.

[0022] Optionally, the first sealing portion further includes a spring sleeve. The spring sleeve is disposed on the side of the inner peripheral surface of the valve port away from the valve core and fixed to the valve body. The first sealing portion further includes a second elastic member and a third elastic member. Along the axial direction of the valve port, the second elastic member abuts between the connecting portion and the first sealing member, and the third elastic member abuts between the second sealing member and the spring sleeve.

[0023] In the above solution, the first sealing member and the second sealing member are pressed between the second elastic member and the third elastic member, so that the valve seat always has elastic pre-tightening forces in two directions along its axial direction, and the valve seat and the valve core are pre-tightened.

[0024] Optionally, along the axial direction of the valve port, a third sealing member is provided between the valve core and the connecting portion. Along the radial direction of the valve port, the maximum diameter of the third sealing member in sealing contact with the valve core is larger than the outer diameter of the valve seat body.

[0025] In the above solution, the maximum diameter of the third seal in contact with and sealing the valve core is greater than the outer diameter of the valve seat body, and the force-receiving area of the connecting portion on the side close to the first cavity under the medium pressure is greater than the force-receiving area of the connecting portion on the side close to the valve core under the medium pressure. Even if the pressure in the valve cavity is greater than the pressure in the valve seat passage, the force exerted by the medium on the side of the connecting portion close to the first cavity is greater than the force exerted by the medium on the valve seat on the side of the connecting portion close to the valve core. Therefore, the valve seat can always maintain a sealed connection state with the valve core, improving the sealing reliability of the four-way valve.

[0026] Optionally, the first seal is provided with a convex portion, and the second seal is provided with a concave portion that cooperates with the convex portion; the first sealing portion further includes a first graphite ring and a second graphite ring. Along the radial direction of the valve seat body, the first graphite ring abuts between the convex portion and the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body, and the second graphite ring abuts between the inner peripheral surface of the valve port and the convex portion.

[0027] In the above solution, the first graphite ring and the second graphite ring are arranged between the first seal and the second seal. When a fire or accidental failure occurs in the first seal ring and the second seal ring, the first graphite ring and the second graphite ring can be used for emergency sealing to ensure that the valve can continue to operate normally.

[0028] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a drainage system, including the four-way valve described in any of the above embodiments.

[0029] The drainage system proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes the four-way valve in the above embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the four-way valve. Moreover, due to the reliable sealing effect of the four-way valve, it can reduce the entry of debris into the valve cavity in the drainage system, thereby enabling the drainage system to maintain normal flow and pressure, ensuring the smooth progress of the drainage process, and reducing system failures caused by poor drainage.

[0030] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a ship, including the drainage system described in the above embodiment.

[0031] The ship proposed in the embodiment of the present application has the beneficial effects of the four-way valve and the drainage system in the above embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a partial sectional view of the four-way valve of the present application; Figure 2 This is a partial sectional view of the four-way valve of this application; Figure 3 It is Figure 1 the sectional view of the M-M section in; Figure 4 It is Figure 1 the enlarged view of area E in; Figure 5 It is Figure 2 the enlarged view of area F in; Figure 6 the enlarged view of area G of this application; Figure 7 It is Figure 1 the sectional view of the Y-Y section in.

[0034]

Explanation of the attached drawing reference numerals

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application or the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects and not to describe a specific order or primary-secondary relationship.

[0037] Referring to "embodiments" in this application means that specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The phrase appears in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.

[0038] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "coupled", "attached" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] The term "and / or" in this application is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this application generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0040] The term "plurality" as used in this application refers to two or more (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0041] When the ship is sailing, the drainage pump needs to work under high pressure to drain water quickly. At this time, the sealing structure of the valve may be deformed and worn due to excessive pressure, resulting in water leakage. Once the valve seal fails, the valve needs to be disassembled, repaired or the sealing components replaced. This not only requires a large amount of manpower, material resources and time, but may also cause the ship to be unable to operate normally during the repair period, resulting in economic losses.

[0042] In view of this, the present application improves the four-way valve to reduce the pressure borne by the sealing structure and extend the life of the sealing structure.

[0043] In a first aspect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 , an embodiment of the present application provides a four-way valve, including a valve body 1, a valve core 2, and a valve seat 3. A valve cavity is provided in the valve body 1. Along the circumferential direction of the valve body 1, the valve body 1 is provided with four valve ports 10 communicating with the valve cavity; the valve core 2 has a first channel 24 and a second channel 25 therein. The valve core 2 is rotatably arranged in the valve cavity so that the first channel 24 connects two adjacent ones of the four valve ports 10, and the second channel 25 connects the other two adjacent ones of the four valve ports 10; there are four valve seats 3, each valve seat 3 is correspondingly arranged at the valve port 10, and each valve seat 3 is in sealing cooperation with the valve core 2; wherein, the four valve seats 3 include a first valve seat 31 and a second valve seat 32. There are three first valve seats 31, and a first sealing portion 4 is provided between each first valve seat 31 and the corresponding valve port 10. A diversion gap a is provided between the second valve seat 32 and the corresponding valve port 10.

[0044] The four-way valve of the present application has four valve ports 10 and four valve seats 3, and the valve ports 10 and the valve seats 3 are installed in one-to-one correspondence. The four valve ports 10 and the four valve seats 3 are in the same plane. The valve core 2 is arranged in the valve cavity and can rotate in the valve cavity. The first channel 24 in the valve core 2 can communicate with any two adjacent ones of the four valve seats 3, and the second channel 25 communicates with the other two adjacent ones of the four valve seats 3. The four valve seats 3 include three first valve seats 31 and one second valve seat 32. A first sealing portion 4 is provided between the first valve seat 31 and the corresponding valve port 10, and a diversion gap a is provided between the second valve seat 32 and the corresponding valve port 10. That is to say, no first sealing portion 4 is provided between the second valve seat 32 and the valve port 10, the diversion gap a communicates with the valve cavity, and the fluid in the valve port 10 corresponding to the second valve seat 32 can enter the valve cavity through the diversion gap a, so that the pressure in the valve cavity is the same as the pressure in the second valve seat 32. For the first valve seat 31, the pressure borne by the first sealing portion 4 is the pressure difference between the medium pressure in the valve cavity and the medium pressure at the corresponding valve port 10, which is equivalent to reducing the pressure borne by the first sealing portion 4.

[0045] In the four-way valve proposed in the embodiment of the present application, since there is no sealing structure between the second valve seat 32 and the corresponding valve port 10, there is a flow guiding gap a between the second valve seat 32 and the corresponding valve port 10. The fluid flowing through the second valve seat 32 enters the valve cavity, increasing the pressure in the valve cavity. The pressure borne by the first sealing portion 4 at the three first valve seats 31 is the pressure difference between the pressure in the valve cavity and the pressure at the valve port 10. Since the pressure in the valve cavity increases, the pressure difference at both ends of the first sealing portion 4 decreases. The smaller sealing pressure difference is conducive to reducing the sealing burden of the first sealing portion 4, reducing the wear and leakage risks of the first sealing portion 4, improving the sealing performance and service life of the four-way valve, and also helping to reduce the energy loss of the entire system.

[0046] It should be understood that there is no seal between the second valve seat 32 and the corresponding valve port 10. A flow guiding gap a is provided between the second valve seat 32 and the corresponding valve port 10 for flow guiding. It conducts the valve port 10 and the valve cavity, reducing the phenomenon of medium interception in the valve cavity, so that the pressure difference at both ends of the first sealing portion 4 at the three first valve seats 31 is maintained near the pressure difference between the first channel 24 and the second channel 25, reducing the sealing pressure difference borne by the first sealing portion 4. In this way, when the pressure difference at both ends of the first sealing portion 4 is small, the valve switching torque is small, and at the same time, the working life of the valve seat 3 can be improved. The installation position of the second valve seat 32 is not restricted by the installation position and direction of the four-way valve, and does not affect the switching and closing functions of the four valve ports 10.

[0047] Exemplarily, referring to Figure 3 , a second valve seat 32 is provided at the valve port D of the four-way valve, and no first sealing portion 4 is provided at the valve port D. The valve port D is communicated with the valve cavity. Assuming that the fluid medium pressure at the valve port D is 2.5 MPa, then the fluid medium pressure at the valve port A is also 2.5 Mpa. The fluid discharged from the valve port A is pressurized to 5 MPa and then discharged through the valve ports B and C. The fluid medium pressure at the valve ports B and C is 5 MPa. At this time, the fluid medium pressure of the first sealing portion 4 at the valve port A is 0, and the fluid medium pressure of the first sealing portion 4 at the valve ports B and C is 2.5 MPa.

[0048] Optionally, referring to Figures 1 to 3 , the valve body 1 includes a valve body 11 and a valve cover 12. The valve body 11 and the valve cover 12 define a valve cavity. Along the axial direction of the valve body 11, the valve body 11 has a first groove 111, and the valve cover 12 has a second groove 121. The first groove 111 and the second groove 121 are arranged oppositely. Along the axial direction of the valve body 11, the valve core 2 has a first shaft 21 and a second shaft 22. The first shaft 21 is rotatably arranged in the first groove 111, and the second shaft 22 is rotatably arranged in the second groove 121. The four-way valve further includes a valve rod 51 rotatably connected to the valve cover 12, and the valve rod 51 is connected to the second shaft 22.

[0049] The spool 2 includes a spool body 23, a first shaft 21, and a second shaft 22. Along the axial direction of the valve body 11, the first shaft 21 and the second shaft 22 are arranged on opposite sides of the spool body 23. The first shaft 21 is received in the first groove 111, the second shaft 22 is received in the second groove 121, and the valve stem 51 is fixedly connected to the second shaft 22. The valve stem 51 drives the spool 2 to rotate.

[0050] In the prior art, the valve stem 51 is used as the second shaft 22 of the spool 2. Although the structure is simple, when the valve stem 51 drives the spool 2 to rotate, the valve stem 51 is subjected to a lateral force transmitted from the spool 2 to it, causing the side of the valve stem 51 close to the spool 2 to tilt. The local pressure on the valve stem 51 increases, and the friction is also large. The valve stem 51 is easily damaged and even fails.

[0051] The valve stem 51 is fixed inside the second shaft 22. The valve stem 51 only drives the spool 2 to rotate, reducing the lateral force transmitted from the spool 2 to it when the valve stem 51 drives the spool 2 to rotate, reducing the local pressure on the valve stem 51, reducing the friction force on the valve stem 51, thereby reducing the situation where the valve stem 51 is easily damaged and fails, and improving the reliability of the switching action of the four-way valve.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the four-way valve further includes a driving part 52. The driving part 52 is connected to the valve stem 51. The driving part 52 drives the valve stem 51 to rotate, thereby driving the spool 2 to rotate, so that the spool 2 switches between different positions to achieve the connection or closing of different pipelines. Exemplarily, the total stroke of the spool 2 is 90°. The middle 45° position is the stop position and can be used as the closing position of the four-way valve. The spool 2 is in the 0° position and the 90° position as the opening positions of the four-way valve. The spool 2 can switch freely between the three positions. The time required for the spool 2 to rotate a total stroke of 90° is 5 seconds, and the time required for the valve to rotate a 45° stroke is 3 seconds.

[0053] It should be understood that the switching of the spool 2 between the three positions can be electrically driven, remotely controlled, or electrically operated and manually operated on-site. There is no need to switch between manual and electric. The driving method is a dual-input method of a handle and a motor, and the manual or electric operations do not interfere with each other.

[0054] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a first shaft sleeve 61 is provided between the inner wall of the first groove 111 and the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft 21, and a second shaft sleeve 62 is provided between the inner wall of the second groove 121 and the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft 22.

[0055] A first shaft sleeve 61 is fixed inside the first groove 111. The first shaft 21 is slidably connected to the first shaft sleeve 61. A second shaft sleeve 62 is fixed inside the second groove 121. The second shaft 22 is slidably connected to the second shaft sleeve 62. The first shaft sleeve 61 and the second shaft sleeve 62 increase the rigidity of the fixed spool 2 and make the forces on the first shaft 21 and the second shaft 22 uniform, reducing wear.

[0056] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 , the valve cover 12 has a first hole. The valve stem 51 is rotatably arranged in the first hole. The first hole includes a first section 122 and a second section 123. The inner diameter of the first section 122 is smaller than that of the second section 123. The first section 122 is closer to the spool 2 than the second section 123. A first sealing sleeve 71 is abutted between the inner peripheral surface of the second section 123 and the outer peripheral surface of the valve stem 51. A third groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first sealing sleeve 71. The first sealing sleeve 71 is provided with a fourth groove 75. The fourth groove 75 penetrates the end face of the first sealing sleeve 71 facing the spool 2 and the inner peripheral surface of the first sealing sleeve 71. Wherein, a first sealing ring 72 is provided in the third groove. The first sealing ring 72 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the second section 123. A second sealing ring 73 is provided in the fourth groove 75. The second sealing ring 73 is pressed against the valve stem 51.

[0057] The inner diameter of the first section 122 is smaller than that of the second section 123. A step surface is formed at the connection between the first section 122 and the second section 123. The inner peripheral surface of the first section 122 is abutted against the outer peripheral surface of the valve stem 51. A receiving cavity is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the second section 123 and the outer peripheral surface of the valve stem 51. The first sealing sleeve 71 is arranged in the receiving cavity and abutted against the inner peripheral surface of the second section 123 and the outer peripheral surface of the valve stem 51. A third groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first sealing sleeve 71. A first sealing ring 72 is provided in the third groove. The inner peripheral surface of the first sealing sleeve 71 is provided with a fourth groove 75. And the fourth groove 75 penetrates the end face of the first sealing sleeve 71 facing the spool 2. A second sealing ring 73 is provided in the fourth groove 75. The first sealing ring 72 and the second sealing ring 73 seal the valve stem 51. The fourth groove 75 penetrates the inner surface of the first sealing sleeve 71 and the end face close to the spool 2, so that the fourth groove 75 is configured as a groove with openings on both sides, and thus the second sealing ring 73 can be integrally installed without cutting, increasing the reliability of the second sealing ring 73, thereby improving the reliability of the second sealing ring 73 and extending the service life of the second sealing ring 73.

[0058] Optionally, referring to Figure 6 , along the axial direction of the valve stem 51, the fourth groove 75 has a bottom surface. A first retaining ring 74 is further provided in the fourth groove 75. The first retaining ring 74 is arranged between the bottom surface and the second sealing ring 73.

[0059] When increasing the clearance between the valve stem 51 and the first seal sleeve 71 to reduce mutual abrasion therebetween, a first retaining ring 74 is provided between the bottom surface of the second sealing ring 73 and the fourth groove 75, which can reduce the second sealing ring 73 from being squeezed into a position close to the bottom surface of the fourth groove 75, thereby reducing damage to the second sealing ring 73.

[0060] Optionally, referring to Figure 6 , a packing portion is further provided in the second section 123. The four-way valve further includes a first pressing plate 83. The first pressing plate 83 is sleeved on the valve stem 51 and fixedly connected to the valve cover 12. Along the axial direction of the valve stem 51, the packing portion is pressed between the first pressing plate 83 and the first seal sleeve 71.

[0061] A double-sealing structure of the first sealing ring 72, the second sealing ring 73 and the packing portion is adopted in the second section 123 to improve the sealing reliability of the valve stem 51. Under normal circumstances, the sealing of the valve stem 51 is achieved by the first sealing ring 72 and the second sealing ring 73. The packing portion can provide partial pre-tightening force for the valve stem 51, reduce the sealing torque borne by the valve stem 51, and when one or both of the first sealing ring 72 and the second sealing ring 73 fail, the packing portion can serve as a sealing structure to play a sealing role between the valve stem 51 and the valve cover 12, providing double guarantee for the sealing of the valve stem 51.

[0062] Specifically, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the packing portion includes a packing gland 81 and graphite packing 82. The graphite packing 82 abuts against the first seal sleeve 71, and the packing gland 81 presses the graphite packing 82. Optionally, the graphite packing 82 is flexible graphite. High-purity flexible graphite packing 82 has excellent properties such as good resilience, self-lubrication, corrosion resistance, small friction coefficient, and long service life, which can better guarantee the sealing function of the packing portion.

[0063] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , the first pressing plate 83 and the valve cover 12 are connected by a fastener 84. The fastener 84 includes a connected fastening portion 841 and an abutting portion 842. The fastening portion 841 connects the first pressing plate 83 and the valve cover 12. The four-way valve further includes a first elastic member 85. The first elastic member 85 is sleeved on the fastening portion 841. Along the axial direction of the valve stem 51, the first elastic member 85 is pressed between the abutting portion 842 and the first pressing plate 83.

[0064] The fastening part 841 and the abutting part 842 can be an integral structure or in threaded fit. For example, the fastening part 841 is a stud and the abutting part 842 is a nut. The first elastic member 85 is sleeved on the fastening part 841, and both ends of the first elastic member 85 respectively abut against the first pressing plate 83 and the abutting part 842. The first elastic member 85 provides a continuous elastic acting force for the first pressing plate 83 to form elastic loading, thereby continuously loading the packing part and automatically compensating for the change in the packing part sealing specific pressure caused by the change in the medium temperature and pressure, reducing the probability of packing part sealing failure.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, a groove is provided on the side of the first pressing plate 83 away from the valve cover 12. The first elastic member 85 is received in the groove and abuts between the abutting part 842 and the bottom surface of the groove of the first pressing plate 83. Among them, the first elastic member 85 can be a disc spring group. Optionally, a disc spring pad is further provided between the abutting part 842 and the first elastic member 85 to make the force on the first elastic member 85 uniform.

[0066] Circumferentially along the valve stem 51, a plurality of first elastic members 85 are provided. The plurality of first elastic members 85 are spaced apart around the valve stem 51 to form uniform and continuous elastic loading on the packing part.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, one end of the valve stem 51 close to the valve core 2 has a convex part. A stepped groove is formed on the second shaft 22 of the valve core 2. The stepped groove includes a third section and a fourth section. The third section is closer to the valve cover 12. The inner diameter of the third section is larger than that of the fourth section and forms a stepped surface. At least part of the convex part extends into the stepped groove and is fixedly connected to the second shaft 22. Among them, axially along the valve stem 51, the convex part has a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely. The first surface abuts against the stepped surface in the stepped groove, and the second surface abuts against the valve cover 12. Preferably, a tetrafluoroethylene gasket is provided between the second surface and the valve cover 12. The tetrafluoroethylene gasket between the valve stem 51 and the valve cover 12 can play a role in reducing friction when the valve stem 51 rotates and can also play an emergency sealing role.

[0068] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 5 , the valve seat 3 includes a connected valve seat body 33 and a connecting part 34. Part of the valve seat body 33 is located in the valve port 10. The connecting part 34 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body 33 close to the valve core 2 and is hermetically connected to the valve core 2; the first sealing part 4 includes a first sealing member 41 and a second sealing member 42. Both the first sealing member 41 and the second sealing member 42 are provided between the valve seat body 33 and the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10. The first sealing member 41 is closer to the valve core 2 than the second sealing member 42. A first cavity 35 is constructed between the connecting part 34, the valve seat body 33 and the first sealing member 41. The first cavity 35 is in fluid communication with the valve cavity.

[0069] A first seal 41 and a second seal 42 are arranged between the valve seat body 33 and the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10. The first seal 41 and the second seal 42 can be sealed separately and backup each other, improving the sealing reliability.

[0070] Among them, a part of the valve seat body 33 is located inside the valve port 10 and a part is located inside the valve cavity. The first seal 41 is close to the valve core 2, and a first cavity 35 is formed between the connecting portion 34, the valve seat body 33 and the first seal 41. The first cavity 35 is in fluid communication with the valve cavity. That is to say, the end face of the first seal 41 close to the valve core 2 is in communication with the valve cavity, and the pressure received by the end face of the first seal 41 close to the valve core 2 is the same as the medium pressure in the valve cavity. The end face on the side of the second seal 42 away from the valve core 2 is located inside the valve port 10, and the pressure received by the end face on the side of the second seal 42 away from the valve core 2 is the same as the medium pressure in the valve seat 3. The actual pressures received by the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are the difference between the medium pressure in the valve seat 3 and the medium pressure in the valve cavity, and the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 tend to move left and right. In addition, since the first cavity 35 is in fluid communication with the valve cavity, the medium pressure in the first cavity 35 is the same as the medium pressure in the valve cavity. For the valve seat 3, the medium pressure received by the valve seat 3 is equal to the pressure difference between the medium pressure on the side of the connecting portion 34 close to the valve core 2 and the medium pressure on the side of the connecting portion 34 close to the first cavity 35. Since the connecting portion 34 is hermetically connected to the valve core 2, the force-bearing area of the connecting portion 34 on the side close to the valve core 2 for bearing the medium pressure is small, and the force-bearing area of the connecting portion 34 on the side close to the first cavity 35 for receiving the medium pressure is the annular area of the entire connecting portion 34 along the radial direction of the valve seat body 33. Therefore, the force-bearing area of the connecting portion 34 on the side close to the first cavity 35 for receiving the medium pressure is larger than the force-bearing area of the connecting portion 34 on the side close to the valve core 2 for bearing the medium pressure.

[0071] When the medium pressure in the channel of the valve seat 3 is greater than the medium pressure in the valve cavity, the pressure difference of the medium on both sides of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 pushes the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 towards the valve core 2. The first seal 41 and the second seal 42 press against the valve seat 3 and tighten it towards the valve core 2, so that a sealed state is maintained between the valve core 2 and the valve seat 3. When the pressure in the valve cavity is greater than the pressure in the channel of the valve seat 3, the pressure difference of the medium on both sides of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 pushes the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 towards the direction away from the valve core 2, that is, the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 tend to move away from the valve seat 3. However, for the valve seat 3 itself, the medium force received by the valve seat 3 is the pressure difference between the medium pressure received on the side of the connecting portion 34 close to the first cavity 35 and the medium pressure borne on the side of the connecting portion 34 close to the valve core 2. Since the force-receiving area of the connecting portion 34 receiving the medium pressure on the side close to the first cavity 35 is larger than the force-receiving area of the connecting portion 34 bearing the medium pressure on the side close to the valve core 2, therefore, the medium pressure received by the connecting portion 34 on the side close to the first cavity 35 is greater than the medium pressure borne by the connecting portion 34 on the side close to the valve core 2. That is to say, the force exerted by the medium on the valve seat 3 is towards the valve core 2, that is, the force exerted by the medium pushes the valve seat 3 into contact with the valve core 2, thereby forming a seal.

[0072] In other words, regardless of whether the medium pressure in the valve cavity is high or the medium pressure in the channel of the valve seat 3 is high, it is the medium force that pushes the valve seat 3 towards the valve core 2 to achieve the double-sided seal between the valve seat 3 and the valve core 2.

[0073] Optionally, referring to Figure 5 , the first sealing portion 4 further includes a plurality of first sealing rings 43 and a plurality of second sealing rings 44. A part of the plurality of first sealing rings 43 is embedded in the first seal 41 and abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body 33, and another part of the plurality of first sealing rings 43 is embedded in the second seal 42 and abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body 33. A part of the plurality of second sealing rings 44 is embedded in the first seal 41 and abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10, and another part of the plurality of second sealing rings 44 is embedded in the second seal 42 and abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10.

[0074] Since the actual pressure received by the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 is the difference between the medium pressure in the valve seat 3 and the medium pressure in the valve cavity, the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 tend to move left and right. To ensure the sealing reliability between the valve seat body 33 and the valve port 10, the first sealing rings 43 abutting against the valve seat body 33 are embedded in the inner peripheral surfaces of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42, and the second sealing rings 44 abutting against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10 are embedded in the outer peripheral surfaces of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42.

[0075] Optionally, referring to Figure 5, a convex portion 411 is provided on the first seal 41, and a concave portion cooperating with the convex portion 411 is provided on the second seal 42; the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are snap-fitted through the convex portion 411 and the concave portion. The first sealing portion 4 further includes a first graphite ring 45 and a second graphite ring 46. Along the radial direction of the valve seat body 33, the first graphite ring 45 abuts between the convex portion 411 and the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body 33, and the second graphite ring 46 abuts between the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10 and the convex portion 411. Specifically, along the axial direction of the valve seat body 33, the size of the convex portion 411 is larger than that of the concave portion. A second graphite ring 46 is provided on the side of the convex portion 411 close to the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10, and a first graphite ring 45 is provided on the side of the convex portion 411 close to the valve seat body 33. The first graphite ring 45 and the second graphite ring 46 are arranged between the first seal 41 and the second seal 42. When the first sealing ring 43 and the second sealing ring 44 have a fire or accidental failure, the first graphite ring 45 and the second graphite ring 46 can be used for emergency sealing to ensure that the valve can continue to work normally.

[0076] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 5 , the first sealing portion 4 further includes a spring sleeve 47. The spring sleeve 47 is arranged on the side of the inner peripheral surface of the valve port 10 away from the valve core 2 and is fixed to the valve body 11; the first sealing portion 4 further includes a second elastic member 48 and a third elastic member 49. Along the axial direction of the valve port 10, the second elastic member 48 abuts between the connecting portion 34 and the first seal 41, and the third elastic member 49 abuts between the second seal 42 and the spring sleeve 47.

[0077] The first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are pressed between the second elastic member 48 and the third elastic member 49, so that the valve seat 3 always has an elastic pre-tightening force in two directions along its axial direction, and the valve seat 3 and the valve core 2 are pre-tightened. The establishment of the initial sealing specific pressure of the valve seat 3 depends on the spring force after pre-compression of the second elastic member 48 and the third elastic member 49. Even in the case of a very small pressure difference, it can ensure that there is sufficient sealing specific pressure between the valve seat and the valve core.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, along the axial direction of the valve seat body 33, a force transmission ring 91 is further provided between the valve seat body 33 and the spring sleeve 47. The force transmission ring 91 abuts between the second seal 42 and the third elastic member 49. Some portions of the force transmission ring 91 facing the second seal 42 are provided with convex blocks, and the second seal 42 has grooves cooperating with the convex blocks. The force transmission ring 91 can uniformly transmit the elastic force of the third elastic member 49 to the second seal 42. The force generated by the third elastic member 49 acts on the second seal 42 through the force transmission ring 91 in a dispersed manner, avoiding excessive local stress on the second seal 42 due to the concentration of force, so that the second seal 42 can more evenly bear the acting force of the third elastic member 49 and ensure the stability of the sealing effect.

[0079] In a specific embodiment, a second spring sleeve is also provided at the valve port 10 corresponding to the second valve seat 32. A second force - transmitting ring is provided between the second spring sleeve and the second valve seat 32, and a fourth elastic member is provided between the second force - transmitting ring and the second spring sleeve. A connecting member is sleeved outside the valve seat body 33. Along the radial direction of the valve seat body 33, a diversion gap a is formed between the valve seat body 33 and the connecting member. A fifth elastic member is provided between the connecting member and the connecting portion 34. The fourth elastic member and the fifth elastic member apply a pre - tightening force to the second valve seat 32, so that the second valve seat 32 presses tightly against the sphere.

[0080] Optionally, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 5 , along the axial direction of the valve port 10, a third seal 92 is provided between the valve core 2 and the connecting portion 34; along the radial direction of the valve port 10, the maximum diameter of the contact - sealing between the third seal 92 and the valve core 2 is greater than the outer diameter of the valve seat body 33. Among them, since the contact - sealing between the third seal 92 and the valve core 2 can be line - sealing or surface - sealing, when the contact - sealing between the third seal 92 and the valve core 2 is line - sealing, the sealing ring of the contact - sealing between the third seal 92 and the valve core 2 is the sealing diameter; when the contact - sealing between the third seal 92 and the valve core 2 is surface - sealing, the outer diameter of the contact surface is the maximum diameter of the contact - sealing between the third seal 92 and the valve core 2.

[0081] Since the connecting portion 34 is sealingly connected to the valve core 2, if the maximum diameter of the contact - sealing between the third seal 92 and the valve core 2 is greater than the outer diameter of the valve seat body 33 corresponding in the first cavity 35, then the force - bearing area of the connecting portion 34 close to the valve core 2 side under the medium pressure is small, while the force - bearing area of the connecting portion 34 close to the first cavity 35 side under the medium pressure is the entire annular area of the connecting portion 34 along the radial direction of the valve seat body 33. Therefore, the force - bearing area of the connecting portion 34 close to the first cavity 35 side under the medium pressure is greater than the force - bearing area of the connecting portion 34 close to the valve core 2 side under the medium pressure. Even if the pressure in the valve cavity is greater than the pressure in the valve seat 3 passage, the force exerted by the medium on the connecting portion 34 close to the first cavity 35 side is greater than the force exerted by the medium on the valve seat 3 by the connecting portion 34 close to the valve core 2 side. Therefore, the valve seat 3 can always maintain the state of being sealingly connected to the valve core 2, improving the sealing reliability of the four - way valve.

[0082] A seal ring pressing ring 93 is provided outside the connecting portion 34 and the third seal 92. After the third seal 92 is embedded in the connecting portion 34 of the valve seat 3, it is pressed tightly by the seal ring pressing ring 93. In this way, the third seal 92 can be better wrapped, which can not only prevent the third seal 92 from coming out and causing sealing failure, but also enable the third seal 92 to withstand a higher pressure difference and can better maintain the seal in case of abnormal conditions. The third seal 92 is made of a specially customized reinforced PTFE material, which can effectively improve the strength and toughness of the third seal 92, thereby increasing the switching life of the valve.

[0083] Reference Figure 7 A mechanical limit mechanism is provided at the connection between the valve cover 12 and the driving part 52 to prevent the switching action position of the first channel 24 and the second channel 25 of the valve core 2 from exceeding the limit. The mechanical limit structure is arranged between the valve cover 12 and the valve rod 51. A limit block 95 is installed on the valve rod 51, and a limit boss 94 is provided on the valve cover 12. The limit block 95 makes a rotary motion between the two limit bosses 94. The two stop positions of the limit boss 94 and the limit block 95 are about 3-5° apart. During the actual switching action, the limit block 95 does not contact the limit boss 94, which is realized by controlling the position of the limit block 95 by the position sensor of the electric head. The mechanical limit is an insurance function to prevent the stroke of the electric drive device from exceeding the limit.

[0084] In the flow channel design of the valve core 2, the number of interfaces in the first channel 24 and the second channel 25 is minimized as much as possible, and the sizes of the first channel 24 and the second channel 25 are reduced to reduce the pressure loss and the noise source. In the flow channel design of the valve core 2, the two 90° flow channels are transitioned by a bend with a larger arc radius, reducing the flow resistance of the two flow channels in the right-angle direction. The valve has a large flow capacity in a small space.

[0085] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a drainage system, including the four-way valve described in any of the above embodiments.

[0086] The drainage system proposed by the embodiment of the present application includes the four-way valve in the above embodiment, and has the beneficial effects of the four-way valve. And because the four-way valve has a reliable sealing effect, it can reduce the entry of sundries into the valve cavity in the drainage system, so that the drainage system can maintain normal flow and pressure, ensure the smooth progress of the drainage process, and reduce system failures caused by poor drainage.

[0087] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a ship, including the drainage system described in the above embodiment.

[0088] The ship proposed by the embodiment of the present application has the beneficial effects of the four-way valve and the drainage system in the above embodiment. The reliable sealing performance can ensure that there is no water leakage when the valve is in the closed state, reduce the entry of water into the ship interior due to the leakage of the drainage system, and thus protect the equipment, instruments and structure of the ship from being eroded and damaged by water, and ensure the safe operation of the ship. In addition, the buoyancy of the ship is also closely related to its drainage system. The valve with good sealing can accurately control the drainage, prevent accidental drainage or water leakage from causing changes in the buoyancy of the ship, keep the ship in a stable floating state, and reduce dangerous situations such as the ship tilting and sinking due to abnormal buoyancy.

[0089] In this application, to reduce the weight of the valve body 11, the valve body 11 is made of a casting after hot isostatic pressing, with the material being ZTi60. The connecting flange uses a GB / T 9113 standard integral flange. The valve core 2 uses a double L-shaped double-channel valve core 2. The first channel and the second channel are in the same plane as the four valve ports 10, with the material being ZTi60, and it is subjected to hot isostatic pressing and surface nitriding treatment to increase wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The four valve ports 10 and the flanges connected to the pipeline are symmetrically arranged. A drain port is provided at the bottom of the valve body 11, which can be used for drainage when there is dirt or sand accumulation in the valve cavity.

[0090] The surface of the valve core 2 is nitrided, with a hardness ≥ 700HV. After the surface is polished, it has excellent properties such as corrosion resistance and wear resistance.

[0091] The valve cover 12 is made of a titanium alloy forging TA31. The seal between the valve cover 12 and the valve body 11 adopts a double-seal structure of an O-ring and a spiral wound gasket to prevent external leakage. The valve stem 51 is made of a titanium alloy material TC4, with surface nitriding treatment to increase wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The seal of the valve stem 51 adopts a double-seal structure of an O-ring + graphite packing to prevent external leakage. The valve body 11 and the valve cover 12 are connected by studs. The stud material is TC4, which has the characteristics of corrosion resistance and high strength and can meet the stress limit requirements of various working conditions. The nut is prevented from loosening by using a double-ear stop washer, which can ensure that the nut will not loosen and fail due to vibration, swaying, or impact under the working and test conditions of the valve.

[0092] The pre-tightening seal of the valve seat 3 adopts a spring-loaded structure. The sealing system of the valve seat 3 consists of the valve seat 3, the first seal 41, the second seal 42, the third seal 92, the third elastic member 49, the second elastic member 48, the spring sleeve 47, the force-transmitting ring 91, the first sealing ring 43, the second sealing ring 44, etc. The first sealing ring 43 and the second sealing ring 44 are O-rings, the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are sealing sleeves, the second elastic member 48 and the third elastic member 49 are springs, and the third seal 92 is a sealing ring. The third seal 92 abuts against the valve core 2 to form a sealing ring for the seal between the valve seat 3 and the valve core 2, and the diameter of this sealing ring is the sealing diameter for the seal between the valve seat 3 and the valve core 2. The spring provides a pre-tightening force for the pre-seal between the valve seat 3, the third seal 92 and the valve core 2. The seal between the valve seat 3 and the valve core 2 adopts a double-directional seal structure. A sealing sleeve is provided between the valve seat 3 and the valve body 11 to provide a sealing function between the valve seat 3 and the valve body 11. O-rings are sleeved on both the inner and outer circles of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 to improve the reliability of the seal. The establishment of the initial sealing specific pressure of the valve seat 3 can rely on the third elastic member 49 installed in the spring sleeve 47 on the side of the valve seat 3 away from the valve core 2. The third elastic member 49 is pre-compressed to form a spring force, which can ensure sufficient sealing specific pressure even under extremely small pressure differences. The first sealing sleeve 71 and the second sealing sleeve tend to move in a piston-like manner under the action of the medium pressure in the valve cavity, the medium pressure in the valve seat 3, and the elastic forces of the second elastic member 48 and the third elastic member 49, and can move along the axis direction of the valve seat 3 to push the valve seat 3 towards the valve core 2 to achieve the sealing function. By using two separately separated first seals 41 and second seals 42, since the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body 33, as long as the inner diameters of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are controlled to be smaller than the sealing diameter between the valve seat 3 and the valve core 2, and the outer diameters of the first seal 41 and the second seal 42 are larger than the sealing diameter between the valve seat 3 and the valve core 2, the force-bearing area of the side of the valve seat 3 close to the first cavity 35 under the action of the medium pressure can be made larger than the force-bearing area of the connecting portion 34 close to the valve core 2 under the action of the medium pressure, so that the medium pressure received by the valve seat 3 will push the valve seat 3 towards the valve core 2 and form sufficient sealing specific pressure to complete the sealing function.

[0093] It should also be noted that the term "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent in such process, method, commodity or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device including the said element.

[0094] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other, and the key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and reference can be made to the corresponding part of the method embodiment for the relevant content.

[0095] The above description is only for the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

[0096] Although the embodiments of the present application are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A four-way valve, characterized in that, Comprising: A valve body, within which a valve chamber is provided. Along the circumferential direction of the valve body, the valve body is provided with four valve ports communicating with the valve chamber; A valve core, within which a first channel and a second channel are provided. The valve core is rotatably arranged in the valve chamber so that the first channel connects two adjacent ones of the four valve ports, and the second channel connects the other two adjacent ones of the four valve ports; Valve seats, there are four valve seats, each valve seat is correspondingly arranged at the valve port, and each valve seat is in sealing cooperation with the valve core; Among them, the four valve seats include a first valve seat and a second valve seat. There are three first valve seats, and a first sealing portion is provided between each first valve seat and the corresponding valve port. A diversion gap is provided between the second valve seat and the corresponding valve port.

2. The four-way valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body includes a valve body and a valve cover, and the valve body and the valve cover define the valve chamber. Along the axial direction of the valve body, the valve body has a first groove, and the valve cover has a second groove. The first groove and the second groove are arranged oppositely. Along the axial direction of the valve body, the valve core has a first shaft and a second shaft. The first shaft is rotatably arranged in the first groove, and the second shaft is rotatably arranged in the second groove. The four-way valve further includes a valve rod rotatably connected to the valve cover, and the valve rod is connected to the second shaft.

3. The four-way valve according to claim 2, wherein A first shaft sleeve is provided between the inner wall of the first groove and the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft, and a second shaft sleeve is provided between the inner wall of the second groove and the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft.

4. The four-way valve according to claim 2, characterized in that, The valve cover has a first hole, and the valve rod is rotatably arranged in the first hole. The first hole includes a first section and a second section. The inner diameter of the first section is smaller than that of the second section. The first section is closer to the valve core than the second section. A first sealing sleeve is abutted between the inner peripheral surface of the second section and the outer peripheral surface of the valve rod. A third groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first sealing sleeve, and a fourth groove is provided on the first sealing sleeve. The fourth groove penetrates the end surface of the first sealing sleeve facing the valve core and the inner peripheral surface of the first sealing sleeve; Among them, a first sealing ring is provided in the third groove, and the first sealing ring is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the second section. A second sealing ring is provided in the fourth groove, and the second sealing ring is pressed against the valve rod.

5. The four-way valve according to claim 4, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the valve rod, the fourth groove has a bottom surface, and a first retaining ring is further provided in the fourth groove. The first retaining ring is arranged between the bottom surface and the second sealing ring.

6. The four-way valve according to claim 4, characterized in that, A packing portion is further provided in the second section. The four-way valve further includes a first pressing plate. The first pressing plate is sleeved on the valve rod and fixedly connected to the valve cover. Along the axial direction of the valve rod, the packing portion is pressed between the first pressing plate and the first sealing sleeve.

7. The four-way valve according to claim 6, wherein, The first pressing plate and the valve cover are connected by a fastener. The fastener includes a connected fastening portion and an abutting portion. The fastening portion connects the first pressing plate and the valve cover; The four-way valve further includes a first elastic member. The first elastic member is sleeved on the fastening portion. Along the axial direction of the valve rod, the first elastic member is pressed between the abutting portion and the first pressing plate.

8. The four-way valve according to claim 2, wherein, The valve seat includes a connected valve seat body and a connecting portion. A part of the valve seat body is located within the valve port. The connecting portion is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body on the side close to the valve core and is sealingly connected to the valve core. The first sealing portion includes a first seal and a second seal. Both the first seal and the second seal are provided between the valve seat body and the inner peripheral surface of the valve port. The first seal is closer to the valve core than the second seal. A first cavity is formed between the connecting portion, the valve seat body, and the first seal, and the first cavity is in fluid communication with the valve cavity.

9. The four-way valve according to claim 8, wherein The first sealing portion further includes a plurality of first sealing rings and a plurality of second sealing rings. A part of the plurality of first sealing rings is embedded in the first seal and abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body. Another part of the plurality of first sealing rings is embedded in the second seal and abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body. A part of the plurality of second sealing rings is embedded in the first seal and abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port. Another part of the plurality of second sealing rings is embedded in the second seal and abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the valve port.

10. The four-way valve according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first sealing portion further includes a spring sleeve. The spring sleeve is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the valve port on the side away from the valve core and is fixed to the valve body. The first sealing portion further includes a second elastic member and a third elastic member. Along the axial direction of the valve port, the second elastic member abuts between the connecting portion and the first seal, and the third elastic member abuts between the second seal and the spring sleeve.

11. The four-way valve according to claim 8, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the valve port, a third seal is provided between the valve core and the connecting portion. The maximum diameter of the third seal in sealing contact with the valve core is greater than the outer diameter of the valve seat body.

12. The four-way valve according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first seal is provided with a convex portion, and the second seal is provided with a concave portion that cooperates with the convex portion. The first sealing portion further includes a first graphite ring and a second graphite ring. Along the radial direction of the valve seat body, the first graphite ring abuts between the convex portion and the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat body, and the second graphite ring abuts between the inner peripheral surface of the valve port and the convex portion.

13. A drainage system, characterized in that, A four-way valve according to any one of claims 1-12.

14. A ship, characterized in that, A drainage system according to claim 13.

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