Hot rod, shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system and using method of preheating system

Abstract

The invention discloses a hot rod, a shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system and a using method of the preheating system. The hot rod, the shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder which are coaxial, an annular cylinder is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, the annular cylinder is axially divided by a first partition plate, and the annular cylinder and the bottom of an annular body are divided into n sealed cavities; each layer of sealing cavity is divided into m independent evaporation chambers by second partition plates which are arranged in the radial direction; the lower ends of the m evaporation pipes are communicated with the evaporation chamber on the lowermost layer, and the upper ends of the m evaporation pipes sequentially penetrate through the other coaxial evaporation chambers in a sealed mode and are connected with the condensation pipe after being gathered; the n sealing cavities working independently are used for being matched with roadway rock stratums of different depths and temperatures, each layer of sealing cavity is divided into m evaporation chambers, the evaporation pipes axially penetrate through the evaporation chambers from bottom to top, it is guaranteed that the n * m evaporation chambers independently work, working media in the evaporation chambers can be independently subjected to terrestrial heat extraction, and the working efficiency is improved. All geothermal energy around the hot bar can be absorbed to the maximum extent, and the heat absorption range is wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mine geothermal utilization, and specifically relates to a heat pipe, a freezing prevention and air flow preheating system for a shaft, and a method for using the preheating system. Background Art

[0002] In winter in the northern region, the temperature is relatively low. If there is water or moisture on the shaft wall in the intake airway, freezing will occur, which will deteriorate the underground climate conditions, bring difficulties to the normal operation of transportation and hoisting machinery and equipment, and seriously threaten safety in production. Therefore, it is necessary to preheat the cold air to avoid freezing of the shaft.

[0003] Currently, the main method to increase the temperature of the intake air flow is boiler heating, that is, using steam or hot water generated by a boiler to heat the air through an air heater, and then mixing the heated air with the cold air and sending it underground. This method requires an additional boiler area to be built.

[0004] In the actual mining process, with the continuous increase of the mining depth, the geothermal temperature also rises continuously. The underground high temperature caused by the geothermal temperature is becoming more and more serious, mainly manifested as the heat dissipation of the surrounding rock itself, the heat convection between the surrounding rock and the air flow, and the heat convection between the surrounding rock and the mine groundwater, resulting in the direct gushing or vaporization gushing of groundwater, causing the temperature to rise. Therefore, the geothermal preheating of using geothermal resources to heat the intake air flow of the mine is a method with low energy consumption, simple construction, and economic and environmental protection.

[0005] However, there are still the following problems in geothermal preheating: 1. The water pipes are arranged in the corresponding underground layer, and heat exchange is directly carried out by contacting with the underground layer through cold water. The heat extraction effect is poor, the thermal efficiency is low, and when encountering rock formations, the pipeline layout cannot be effectively arranged in the rock formations; 2. Since the geothermal temperatures in rock formations at different depths are different, when extracting the internal heat of different rock formations, the extracted heat is different, resulting in unstable temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat pipe, which has a simple and compact structure, can independently extract heat from different depths in the roadway rock formation, has a wide range, and effectively improves the heat exchange efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, a heat pipe of the present invention includes:

[0008] An outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, which are coaxial and form an annular cylinder therebetween. The annular cylinder is axially divided by a first partition, and is divided into n sealed cavities with the bottom of the annular main body;

[0009] Each layer of sealed cavity is divided into m independent evaporation chambers by a radially arranged second partition;

[0010] The upper part of the inner cylinder is a closed structure equipped with a condensing pipe, and the closed structure is respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet;

[0011] The flow guide assembly is arranged inside the inner cylinder and receives the outlet end of the condenser pipe, the number of which is n-1 and corresponds to the first baffle from bottom to top, and the flow guide assembly is used to receive the working medium of endothermic phase change and guide the working medium to the bottom after being filled;

[0012] The side wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a second through hole corresponding to the sealing cavity and used for the flow guide component and the bottom of the inner cylinder to replenish the working medium of the evaporation chamber;

[0013] Evaporation tubes, the number of which is m, each evaporation tube is vertical in axis and the lower end is connected to the evaporation chamber at the bottom layer, and the upper end is sealed and passes through other coaxial evaporation chambers in sequence, and then connected to the condenser tube after being collected;

[0014] Each evaporation tube is provided with an opening for allowing the working medium of each evaporation chamber to enter the interior thereof.

[0015] Furthermore, the flow guide assembly has a liquid storage tank with an annular structure and a liquid outlet pipe located in the middle of the liquid storage tank;

[0016] The upper end of the liquid outlet pipe is provided with an umbrella-shaped mechanism for allowing the working medium to fall into the liquid storage tank along the inclined surface, the middle part is provided with a first through hole for connecting the interior with the liquid storage tank, and the lower end is open.

[0017] Furthermore, each layer of the cavity is divided into m / 2 independent liquid replenishing chambers by the radially arranged second partitions. The liquid replenishing chambers are located between adjacent evaporation chambers in the same layer, and the lower ends are connected to the adjacent evaporation chambers through the third through holes.

[0018] Furthermore, each fluid infusion chamber is provided with a valve assembly;

[0019] The valve assembly comprises a support plate, a piston, and a float;

[0020] The support plate is fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder and forms an open cavity with the outer wall. The piston is slidably located in the open cavity and can seal the second through hole. The floating ball is located above the piston through a connecting rod and has a density less than the working medium.

[0021] The liquid storage tank is provided with an opening communicated with the second through hole.

[0022] Furthermore, an inclined baffle assembly is provided at the opening of the evaporating tube;

[0023] The baffle assembly has a first baffle and a second baffle;

[0024] One end of the first baffle is fixed on the outer wall of the evaporation tube, and the other end is inclined downward; one end of the second baffle is fixed on the inner wall of the evaporation tube, and the other end is inclined upward.

[0025] Furthermore, the water inlet is located at the lower end of the sealing structure, and the water outlet is located at the upper end of the sealing structure;

[0026] The volumes of multiple liquid storage tanks for receiving the working medium gradually increase from top to bottom.

[0027] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system, which can achieve temperature stability, avoid inconsistent heat export, and realize the recycling of the cooling medium. The low-temperature air flow is preheated through the preheating component to achieve heat preservation and heating of the shaft and prevent condensate and freezing of the shaft.

[0028] The shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system includes:

[0029] The heat pipe assembly is vertically arranged in multiple roadway rock formations and has multiple heat pipes as described in claim 4 arranged at intervals.

[0030] The water inlet of each heat pipe is connected to the first pipeline, and the water outlet is connected to the second pipeline.

[0031] The main water pipe is connected to the low-temperature water outlet end of the preheating component at one end and to the first pipeline of the lowest-layer roadway rock formation at the other end. The first pipelines of other-layer roadway rock formations are all connected to the main water pipe.

[0032] The heat storage pool collects the qualified hot water in the second pipeline and is connected to the water inlet end of the preheating component through the return water pipeline and the water pump.

[0033] The preheating component is used to heat the cold air flow at the air inlet and transport it to the shaft.

[0034] Further, the second pipeline of each layer of roadway is connected to the liquid inlet of the three-way valve.

[0035] The liquid return port of the three-way valve is connected to the main water pipe through the fourth pipeline, and the liquid outlet is connected to the heat storage pool through the third pipeline.

[0036] A temperature sensor for monitoring the hot water temperature is provided inside the three-way valve.

[0037] After receiving the temperature signal, the controller controls the opening and closing of the liquid return port and the liquid outlet.

[0038] A method for using a shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system specifically includes the following steps:

[0039] a. Vertically insert multiple groups of heat pipe assemblies into the roadway rock formations at different depths. The working medium of multiple heat pipes in each group of heat pipe assemblies undergoes a phase change to extract the internal heat of the rock formation.

[0040] The cooling water is transported from the first pipeline to the water inlet of each heat pipe, heated and then collected from the water outlet into the second pipeline and enters the liquid inlet of the three-way valve.

[0041] b. The temperature sensor in the three-way valve identifies the temperature of the heated medium. When the temperature reaches the set range, the heated water is collected from the liquid outlet of the three-way valve and the third pipeline to the heat storage tank; when the temperature does not reach the set range, the heated water is collected from the liquid return port of the three-way valve and the fourth pipeline to the main water pipe, and is transported to the first pipeline of the next layer of the tunnel rock formation along the main water pipe;

[0042] c. The hot water in the heat storage tank is transported to the ground through a water pump on the return pipe and enters the preheating component to preheat the low-temperature air flow; the medium water after the heat exchange is completed flows into the first pipeline of each tunnel rock formation through the main water pipe again, and is extracted geothermally again through the corresponding heat rod assembly;

[0043] The temperature of the low-temperature airflow preheated by the preheating component is increased and enters the wellbore to insulate and heat the wellbore to prevent condensation and freezing of the wellbore.

[0044] Furthermore, the specific steps of extracting heat from the rock formation by phase change of the working fluid of the heat rod include:

[0045] S1, insert the hot rod vertically into the tunnel rock formation;

[0046] S2, the m evaporation chambers in each sealed cavity in the axial direction extract the heat from the tunnel rock formation, and the corresponding working fluid absorbs heat from the tunnel rock formation and undergoes phase change, from liquid to gas, and is collected in the condenser through the evaporation tubes that pass through the n sealed cavities in the axial direction. The condensed working fluid changes from gas to liquid and flows back to the lower guide assembly;

[0047] The cold water medium enters the closed structure equipped with the condenser from the water inlet, and is discharged from the water outlet after heat exchange;

[0048] S3, the working medium condensed from the condenser first falls into the upper guide assembly, and is received by the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe. The working medium slides along the umbrella surface into the liquid storage tank. When the working medium in the liquid storage tank is stored to a certain height, the working medium overflows from the first through hole, enters the liquid outlet pipe, and is then discharged from the lower end of the liquid outlet pipe to the lower guide assembly;

[0049] The lower layer flow guide component is also received by the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe, overflows from the first through hole, and is discharged to the flow guide component below; and so on, until the working medium is concentrated at the bottom of the inner cylinder;

[0050] S4, when the working fluid in the evaporation chamber is reduced to a certain height, the float in the liquid replenishing chamber connected to the evaporation chamber moves downward, the piston opens the second through hole, and the working fluid in the liquid storage tank in the guide assembly and the working fluid at the bottom of the inner cylinder enter the liquid replenishing chamber from the second through hole to replenish the evaporation chamber until the working fluid in the evaporation chamber reaches a certain height, the float moves upward, and the piston closes the second through hole again.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, in this heat pipe and its usage method, the annular cylinder is axially divided into n independently operating sealed cavities by the first partition to match the roadway rock formations at different depths and temperatures. Each layer of sealed cavity is divided into m evaporation chambers by the second partition, and the evaporation pipes axially pass through the evaporation chambers from bottom to top, ensuring that the n×m evaporation chambers operate independently, and the working fluid in each of them can independently extract geothermal energy, being able to absorb all the geothermal energy around the heat pipe to the greatest extent, with a wider heat absorption range;

[0052] Multiple groups of diversion components successively receive and overflow the working fluid. The tower-type reflux structure enables the n sealed cavities in the lower layer to communicate with each other and have an impact, and each layer can act independently. The liquid storage tank can provide sufficient working fluid for the corresponding sealed cavity, effectively avoiding the interruption of the geothermal extraction process caused by insufficient working fluid; in addition, the volumes of the multiple liquid storage tanks for receiving the working fluid gradually increase from top to bottom, avoiding the interruption of geothermal extraction caused by excessive evaporation of the working fluid in the bottom layer due to relatively high geothermal temperature and inability to replenish the liquid in time;

[0053] After the phase change of the working fluid in the evaporation chamber, it is cooled by the condensing pipe and flows back to the liquid storage chamber in the middle of the inner cylinder, then first flows into the liquid replenishing chamber, and flows to the evaporation chambers on both sides through the liquid replenishing chamber for liquid replenishment. This cyclic structure can avoid the disorder phenomenon that occurs when the gaseous working fluid rises and the liquid working fluid descends in the traditional heat pipe, improving the heat exchange efficiency; in addition, the floating ball drives the piston to open and close the second through-hole, realizing the automatic liquid replenishment of the working fluid from the liquid storage tank into the liquid replenishing chamber;

[0054] In this shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system and its usage method, multiple groups of heat pipe components are vertically inserted into the roadway rock formations at different depths. The phase change of the working fluid extracts the heat inside the rock formation. The temperature sensor in the three-way valve identifies the temperature of the heated medium. When the temperature does not reach the set range, it is re-transported to the first pipeline in the next layer to achieve temperature stability and avoid inconsistent heat export;

[0055] The hot water is transported to the ground through the return water pipeline and enters the preheating component to preheat the low-temperature air flow; the medium water after heat exchange flows back into the first pipeline of each roadway rock formation through the main water pipe again, and geothermal energy is extracted again through the corresponding heat pipe component 3, not only realizing the recycling of the cooling medium, but also preheating the low-temperature air flow through the preheating component to achieve heat preservation and heating of the shaft and prevent condensation and freezing of the shaft. Description of the Drawings

[0056] Figure 1 is the front view of the heat pipe in the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 is the top view of the heat pipe in the present invention (ignoring the condensing pipe);

[0058] Figure 3 is the partial sectional view of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder in the present invention;

[0059] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the diversion component in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the valve component in the present invention;

[0061] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a wellbore anti-freezing air flow preheating system in the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-way valve in the present invention;

[0063] In the figure: 1. Main water pipe, 2. First pipeline;

[0064] 3. Heat pipe assembly, 31. Outer cylinder, 32. Inner cylinder, 331. First partition, 332. Second partition; 34. Diversion component, 341. Liquid storage tank, 342. Liquid outlet pipe, 343. First through hole, 344. Second through hole; 35. Evaporation pipe, 351. Baffle assembly, 36. Condensation pipe, 371. Water inlet, 372. Water outlet; 381. Evaporation chamber, 382. Liquid replenishment chamber, 383. Liquid storage chamber; 391. Support plate, 392. Piston, 393. Floating ball;

[0065] 4. Second pipeline;

[0066] 5. Three-way valve, 51. Liquid inlet, 52. Liquid outlet, 53. Liquid return port, 54. Temperature sensor;

[0067] 6. Third pipeline, 7. Fourth pipeline, 8. Pressure sensor, 9. Heat storage pool, 10. Return water pipeline, 11. Water pump, 12. Preheating component, 13. Spiral water pipe, 14. Fan, 15. Check valve, 16. Roadway rock stratum, 17. Water inlet end, 18. Water outlet end. Detailed implementation manners

[0068] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0069] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 shown, this kind of heat pipe includes:

[0070] The outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 32 are coaxial and form an annular column therebetween. The annular column is divided axially by n first baffles 331 and is divided into n sealed cavities with the bottom of the annular body.

[0071] Each sealed cavity is divided into m independent evaporation chambers 381 by radially arranged second partitions 332;

[0072] The upper part of the inner cylinder 32 is a closed structure equipped with a condenser tube 36, and the closed structure is provided with a water inlet 371 and a water outlet 372;

[0073] The flow guide assembly 34 is arranged inside the inner cylinder 32 and receives the outlet end of the condenser tube 36. The number of the flow guide assembly 34 is n-1 and corresponds to the first baffle 331 from bottom to top. The flow guide assembly 34 is used to receive the working medium of the endothermic phase change and guide the working medium to the bottom after being filled.

[0074] The side wall of the inner cylinder 32 is provided with a second through hole 344 corresponding to the sealing cavity and used for the flow guide assembly 34 and the bottom of the inner cylinder 32 to replenish the working medium of the evaporation chamber 381;

[0075] Evaporation tubes 35, the number of which is m, each evaporation tube 35 is vertically axially connected to the evaporation chamber 381 at the bottom layer at its lower end, and its upper end is sealed and passes through other evaporation chambers 381 in the same axial direction in sequence, and then connected to the condensation tube 36 after being collected;

[0076] Each evaporation tube 35 is provided with an opening for the working medium of each evaporation chamber 381 to enter the interior thereof;

[0077] Specifically, the upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder 31 and the inner cylinder 32 are closed to prevent the working medium from evaporating and overflowing. The annular body is divided into n sealed cavities by n first baffles 331, that is, n sealed cavities are formed between the first baffle 331 and the bottom of the annular cylinder, and between adjacent first baffles 331;

[0078] The closed structure at the upper part of the inner cylinder 32 is used for cold water heat exchange, and the n sealed cavities are used to be placed in the tunnel rock layer 16 for evaporation, and are divided into m evaporation chambers 381 by the first partition 331. It is explained that each evaporation chamber 381 corresponds to each other in the axial direction, and can be directly sealed and passed through by the evaporation pipe 35. The evaporation chamber 381 is pre-stored with a heat-absorbing phase change working medium, and the inner cylinder 32 also stores the corresponding working medium; m and n are both represented by symbols with a number greater than or equal to 2, and do not represent the alphabetical arrangement order;

[0079] A liquid storage chamber 383 is formed inside the inner cylinder 32. The liquid storage chamber 383 is divided by the flow guide assembly 34, that is, a tower structure is formed. The upper flow guide assembly 34 receives the working fluid and the fluid flows into the lower flow guide assembly 34 after overflowing, until the working fluid is concentrated at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32.

[0080] The number of evaporation tubes 35 is the same as that of the evaporation chambers 381 divided by the sealing cavities on each layer, and they are axially arranged with openings on them through which the working fluid evaporation can enter the interior of the evaporation tubes 35;

[0081] When this kind of heat pipe is in use, it is vertically inserted into the roadway rock stratum 16, and the heat inside the roadway rock stratum 16 is extracted by relying on the working fluid phase change principle of the heat pipe, that is, the working fluid absorbs heat from the roadway rock stratum 16 and undergoes a phase change, changing from a liquid state to a gaseous state, flowing into the upper end of the evaporation tube 35 through the opening on the evaporation tube 35 and entering the condensation section, that is, the condensation tube 36. Correspondingly, the cold water medium enters from the water inlet 371, condenses the working fluid in the condensation tube 36, and the condensed working fluid changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state and flows back to the lower flow guiding component 34, and the cold water medium is discharged from the water outlet 372;

[0082] The annular cylinder is axially divided into n sealing cavities by the first partition 331, that is, the sealing cavities can all work independently to match the roadway rock strata 16 with different depths and temperatures. Each layer of the sealing cavity is divided into m evaporation chambers 381 by the second partition 332, that is, the evaporation chambers 381 are arc-shaped structures, and the evaporation tubes 35 axially pass through the evaporation chambers 381 from bottom to top, ensuring that each evaporation chamber 381 works independently, that is, the working fluid in the n×m evaporation chambers 381 can all independently extract geothermal energy, and can absorb all the geothermal energy around the heat pipe to the greatest extent, and its heat absorption range is wider;

[0083] The flow guiding component 34 can receive the condensed liquid working fluid and provide the working fluid for the evaporation chambers 381, that is, the condensed working fluid gradually enters the flow guiding component 34 downward. When there is too much working fluid in the flow guiding component 34, it will overflow and flow to the lower flow guiding component 34 until it is concentrated at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32; the flow guiding component 34 corresponds to other sealing cavities except the lowermost sealing cavity and provides the working fluid for each evaporation chamber 381. It should be noted that there is no need to set a flow guiding component 34 at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32 for overflow, or a flow guiding component 34 can also be set at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32, but the flow guiding component 34 does not have an overflow function;

[0084] When the working fluid in the evaporation chamber 381 decreases due to phase change, the working fluid in the flow guiding component 34 will replenish the evaporation chamber 381. A valve can be provided at the second through hole 344 so that the working fluid in the flow guiding component 34 and the working fluid at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32 flow to the corresponding sealing cavity to replenish the working fluid for the evaporation chamber 381. Under normal circumstances, the valve is in the closed state. When the working fluid in the evaporation chamber 381 decreases due to phase change, the valve is in the open state.

[0085] As Figure 4 shown, in the preferred solution, the flow guiding component 34 has a liquid storage tank 341 with an annular structure and a liquid outlet pipe 342 located in the middle of the liquid storage tank 341;

[0086] The upper end of the liquid outlet pipe 342 is provided with an umbrella-shaped mechanism for allowing the working fluid to fall into the liquid storage tank 341 along the inclined surface, the middle part is provided with a first through hole 343 for communicating the inside with the liquid storage tank 341, and the lower end is open;

[0087] Specifically, the peripheral side of the liquid storage tank 341 is attached to the inner wall of the inner cylinder 32, near the corresponding first partition 331, and is used for storing the working fluid;

[0088] The position of the first through hole 343 in the middle of the liquid outlet pipe 342 should not be too high to avoid the inability to overflow when the liquid storage tank 341 is full, nor should it be too low to avoid the ineffective storage of the liquid storage tank 341. Preferably, the center of the first through hole 343 is flush with the upper end surface of the liquid storage tank 341;

[0089] Taking the two groups of diversion components 34 below the condenser tube 36 as an example for illustration;

[0090] The working fluid condensed from the condenser tube 36 first falls into the upper layer of the diversion component 34, and the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe 342 receives it. The working fluid slides down along the umbrella surface into the liquid storage tank 341. When the working fluid in the liquid storage tank 341 is stored to a certain height, the working fluid will overflow from the first through hole 343, enter the inside of the liquid outlet pipe 342, and then be discharged from the lower end of the liquid outlet pipe 342 to the lower layer of the diversion component 34;

[0091] Similarly, the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe 342 in the lower layer of the diversion component 34 receives it. When the working fluid in the liquid storage tank 341 is stored to a certain height, the working fluid will overflow from the first through hole 343 and be discharged to the lower diversion component 34 below; and so on until the working fluid is concentrated at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32;

[0092] Multiple groups of diversion components 34 receive and overflow the working fluid in turn. This tower-type reflux structure enables the lower n sealed cavities to communicate with each other, and each layer can act independently. The liquid storage tank 341 can provide sufficient working fluid for the corresponding sealed cavity, effectively avoiding the interruption of the geothermal extraction process caused by insufficient working fluid;

[0093] In addition, preferably, the volumes of the multiple liquid storage tanks 341 for receiving the working fluid gradually increase from top to bottom;

[0094] In the actual roadway rock formation 16, the geothermal temperature is relatively higher and the evaporation is more obvious towards the bottom. Therefore, the volumes of the multiple liquid storage tanks 341 increase from top to bottom. A relatively large amount of working fluid can quickly overflow in the upper layer of the diversion component 34 and be concentrated at the bottom end of the inner cylinder 32, avoiding excessive evaporation of the working fluid in the bottom layer and the inability to replenish the liquid in time, resulting in the interruption of geothermal extraction.

[0095] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3As shown, in the preferred solution, each layer of the cavity is divided into m / 2 independent liquid replenishing chambers 382 by the second partition plate 332 arranged radially. The liquid replenishing chambers 382 are located between adjacent evaporation chambers 381 of the same layer, and the lower ends are communicated with the adjacent evaporation chambers 381 through the third through holes.

[0096] Specifically, the diversion assembly 34 performs liquid replenishing treatment on the liquid replenishing chambers 382. The liquid replenishing chambers 382 are directly communicated with the adjacent evaporation chambers 381 to form a communicating vessel structure. Setting the liquid replenishing chambers 382 enables the working fluid to reach an appropriate state on the one hand, ensuring the uniformity of the working fluid, fully absorbing heat without wasting materials, and on the other hand, being used to connect the working fluid evaporation chamber 381 and the liquid storage tank 341 of the diversion assembly 34, avoiding the disorder and blockage phenomenon during efficient heat exchange.

[0097] Illustrated by an embodiment, the first partition plate 331 divides the annular cylinder into 4 sealed cavities. Each sealed cavity is divided into 4 evaporation chambers 381 and 2 liquid replenishing chambers 382 by the second partition plate 332.

[0098] The liquid replenishing chambers 382 are symmetrically arranged on both sides, that is, each liquid replenishing chamber 382 provides liquid replenishing working fluid for 2 evaporation chambers 381.

[0099] As Figure 2 shown, taking the working fluid flow direction of a single-layer sealed cavity as an example, after the phase change of the working fluid in the evaporation chamber 381, it is cooled by the condensing pipe 36 and flows back into the liquid storage chamber 383 in the middle of the inner cylinder 32, that is, it is received through the corresponding liquid storage tank 341. When the working fluid in the evaporation chamber 381 decreases to a certain extent, the working fluid in the liquid storage tank 341 first flows into the liquid replenishing chamber 382, and then flows to the evaporation chambers 381 on both sides through the liquid replenishing chamber 382 for liquid replenishment.

[0100] This cyclic structure can avoid the disorder phenomenon caused by the upward movement of the gaseous working fluid and the downward movement of the liquid working fluid in the traditional heat pipe, and the external working fluid evaporation enters the internal spiral pipe through the condensing pipe 36 for condensation, and then flows back to the liquid replenishing chambers 382 of each layer through the diversion assembly 34 of the tower-type reflux structure to form a small cycle, improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0101] As Figure 5 shown, further, a valve assembly is provided in each liquid replenishing chamber 382.

[0102] The valve assembly has a support plate 391, a piston 392, and a floating ball 393.

[0103] The support plate 391 is fixed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 32 and forms an open cavity with the outer wall. The piston 392 slides in the open cavity and can seal the second through hole 344. The floating ball 393 is located above the piston 392 through a connecting rod and has a density less than that of the working fluid.

[0104] An opening communicating with the second through hole 344 is provided on the liquid storage tank 341.

[0105] Specifically, under normal conditions, there is a certain amount of working fluid in the liquid replenishing chamber 382 and the evaporation chamber 381. The floating ball 393 drives the piston 392 to close the piston 392 against the second through hole 344. When the working fluid absorbs heat from the rock formation and undergoes a phase change, the floating ball 393 moves downward. At this time, the piston 392 opens the second through hole 344, and the working fluid in the diversion assembly 34 will enter the liquid replenishing chamber 382 from the liquid storage tank 341 and supplement the evaporation chamber 381 through the liquid replenishing chamber 382, achieving the effect of automatic liquid replenishment. Similarly, the working fluid at the lowermost end of the inner cylinder 32 will also enter the lowermost liquid replenishing chamber 382 through the corresponding second through hole 344 to replenish the evaporation chamber 381.

[0106] It should be noted that the position of the diversion assembly 34 is higher than that of the corresponding first partition 331, aiming to prevent the liquid level of the working fluid in the liquid replenishing chamber 382 from being higher than the height of the working fluid in the liquid storage tank 341 and unable to replenish the liquid after the piston 392 is opened.

[0107] As Figure 1 shown, further, an inclined baffle assembly 351 is provided at the opening of the evaporation tube 35.

[0108] The baffle assembly 351 has a first baffle and a second baffle.

[0109] One end of the first baffle is fixed to the outer wall of the evaporation tube 35 and the other end is inclined downward; one end of the second baffle is fixed to the inner wall of the evaporation tube 35 and the other end is inclined upward.

[0110] Specifically, a baffle assembly 351 is provided on the evaporation tube 35 corresponding to each evaporation chamber 381.

[0111] The first baffle facilitates the working fluid in the corresponding evaporation chamber 381 to quickly enter the evaporation tube 35 when heated and enter the condensation tube 36 upward from the evaporation tube 35.

[0112] The second baffle is used to prevent the vaporized working fluid in the evaporation tube 35 from flowing downward.

[0113] Further, the water inlet 371 is located at the lower end of the sealing structure, and the water outlet 372 is located at the upper end of the sealing structure.

[0114] The condensation tube 36 is of a double - helix structure.

[0115] When this heat rod is in use, it specifically includes the following steps:

[0116] S1, vertically insert the heat rod into the roadway rock formation 16.

[0117] In S2, m evaporation chambers 381 in each sealed cavity in the axial direction extract heat from the roadway rock formation 16 inside. Accordingly, the working fluid absorbs heat from the roadway rock formation 16 and undergoes a phase change, turning from a liquid state to a gaseous state. It is collected in the condensation pipe 36 through the evaporation pipes 35 that axially pass through n sealed cavities. The condensed working fluid changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then flows back to the lower diversion assembly 34;

[0118] The cold water medium enters the closed structure equipped with the condensation pipe 36 from the water inlet 371, and is discharged from the water outlet 372 after heat exchange;

[0119] In S3, the working fluid condensed from the condensation pipe 36 first falls into the upper diversion assembly 34, and is received by the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe 342. The working fluid slides down along the umbrella surface into the liquid storage tank 341. When the working fluid in the liquid storage tank 341 stores to a certain height, the working fluid will overflow from the first through hole 343, enter the inside of the liquid outlet pipe 342, and then be discharged from the lower end of the liquid outlet pipe 342 to the lower diversion assembly 34;

[0120] The lower diversion assembly 34 is also received by the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe 342, overflows from the first through hole 343, and is discharged to the lower diversion assembly 34 below; and so on, until the working fluid is concentrated at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32;

[0121] In S4, when the working fluid in the evaporation chamber 381 decreases to a certain height, the floating ball 393 in the liquid replenishing chamber 382 communicated with the evaporation chamber 381 moves downward, and the piston 392 opens the second through hole 344. The working fluid in the liquid storage tank 341 of the diversion assembly 34 and the working fluid at the bottom of the inner cylinder 32 enter the liquid replenishing chamber 382 from the second through hole 344 correspondingly to replenish the evaporation chamber 381 until the working fluid in the evaporation chamber 381 reaches a certain height, and the floating ball 393 moves upward, and the piston 392 closes the second through hole 344 again.

[0122] As Figure 6 shown, a shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system includes:

[0123] The heat pipe assembly 3 is vertically arranged in a plurality of roadway rock formations 16 and has a plurality of the above-mentioned heat pipes arranged at intervals;

[0124] The water inlet 371 of each heat pipe is connected to the first pipeline 2, and the water outlet 372 is connected to the second pipeline 4;

[0125] The main water pipe 1 has one end connected to the low-temperature water outlet end 18 of the preheating component 12 and the other end connected to the first pipeline 2 of the lowermost roadway rock formation 16, and the first pipelines 2 of the other roadway rock formations 16 are all connected to the main water pipe 1;

[0126] The heat storage pool 9 collects the qualified hot water in the second pipeline 4 and is connected to the water inlet end 17 of the preheating component 12 through the return water pipeline 10 and the water pump 11;

[0127] A preheating component 12 for heating the cold air flow at the air inlet and delivering it to the shaft;

[0128] As Figure 7 shown, in the preferred solution, the second pipeline 4 of each roadway is connected to the liquid inlet 51 of the three-way valve 5;

[0129] The liquid return port 53 of the three-way valve 5 is connected to the main water pipe 1 through the fourth pipeline 7, and the liquid outlet 52 is connected to the heat storage tank 9 through the third pipeline 6;

[0130] A temperature sensor 54 for monitoring the hot water temperature is provided inside the three-way valve 5;

[0131] After receiving the temperature signal, the controller controls the opening and closing of the liquid return port 53 and the liquid outlet 52;

[0132] Specifically, the heat pipe assembly 3 is located in the rock stratum 16 of each roadway;

[0133] The main water pipe 1 extends downward and can provide a cooling medium (water) for each first pipeline 2. A check valve 15 can be provided thereon to prevent the heated water in the fourth pipeline 7 from flowing back into the corresponding first pipeline 2; the fourth pipeline 7 of the upper layer can also be directly communicated with the first pipeline 2 of the lower layer;

[0134] A pressure sensor 8 for sensing the water flow can be provided between the fourth pipeline 7 and the main water pipe 1;

[0135] When the shaft anti-freezing air flow preheating system is in use, it specifically includes the following steps:

[0136] S1, vertically inserting multiple groups of heat pipe assemblies 3 into the rock strata 16 of different depths in the roadway. In each group of heat pipe assemblies 3, the working medium of multiple heat pipes undergoes a phase change to extract the internal heat of the rock stratum;

[0137] The cooling water is transported from the first pipeline 2 to the water inlet 371 of each heat pipe, heated and then gathered from the water outlet 372 into the second pipeline 4, and enters the liquid inlet 51 of the three-way valve 5;

[0138] Specifically, this heat pipe can adapt to different geothermal resources and different working conditions. Its length structure and number of layers can be set according to different working conditions. It can be shortened for small-area geothermal extraction or lengthened for large-area multi-layer geothermal exploitation. The working medium in the evaporation chamber 381 and the capacity of the liquid storage tank 341 inside it can be allocated according to its own position. When extracting geothermal energy in a deeper area, the capacity of the upper structure can be reduced and the capacity of the lower structure can be increased to make it meet the environmental characteristics;

[0139] S2. The temperature sensor 54 in the three-way valve 5 identifies the temperature of the heated medium. When the temperature reaches the set range, the heated water converges from the liquid outlet 52 of the three-way valve 5 and the third pipeline 6 into the heat storage pool 9; when the temperature does not reach the set range, the heated water converges from the liquid return port 53 of the three-way valve 5 and the fourth pipeline 7 into the main water pipe 1, and is transported to the first pipeline 2 of the roadway rock formation 16 on the next floor along with the main water pipe 1;

[0140] Specifically, the three-way valve 5 can be used to converge or return the heated water, avoiding the extraction of water with a temperature that does not reach the set range. That is, the geothermal temperatures of the roadway rock formations 16 at different levels are different, and there are differences in the extracted heat liquids; the unqualified water converging into the heat storage pool 9 will cause temperature instability and reduce the preheating effect;

[0141] S3. The hot water in the heat storage pool 9 is transported to the ground through the water pump 11 on the return water pipeline 10 and enters the preheating component 12 to preheat the low-temperature air flow; the medium water after heat exchange flows back into the first pipeline 2 of each roadway rock formation 16 through the main water pipe 1 again, and geothermal heat is extracted again through the corresponding heat rod assembly 3;

[0142] The low-temperature air flow is preheated by the preheating component 12 to increase its temperature. The preheated air flow enters the shaft to insulate and heat the shaft, preventing the shaft from condensing water and freezing.

[0143] Specifically, there are multiple spiral water pipes 13 in the preheating component 12. Its water inlet end 17 is connected to the return water pipeline 10, and its water outlet end 18 is connected to the main water pipe 1. The cold air flow at the air inlet exchanges heat with the hot water medium in the spiral water pipe 13. The cold air flow is heated and then enters the shaft to insulate and heat the shaft. In addition, a fan 14 can be provided on the preheating component 12 to increase the air flow speed.

[0144] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat rod, characterized in that: include: The outer cylinder (31) and the inner cylinder (32) are coaxial and form an annular column therebetween. The annular column is divided in the axial direction by a first partition (331) and is divided into n sealed cavities together with the bottom of the annular body. Each sealed cavity is divided into m independent evaporation chambers (381) by radially arranged second partitions (332); The upper part of the inner cylinder (32) is a closed structure equipped with a condenser (36), and the closed structure is respectively provided with a water inlet (371) and a water outlet (372); A flow guide assembly (34) is arranged inside the inner cylinder (32) and receives the outlet end of the condenser tube (36), the number of which is n-1 and corresponds to the first baffle (331) from bottom to top. The flow guide assembly (34) is used to receive the working medium that absorbs heat and changes phase, and to guide the working medium downward after being filled; A second through hole (344) corresponding to the sealed cavity and used for the flow guide component (34) and the bottom of the inner cylinder (32) to replenish the working fluid of the evaporation chamber (381) is provided on the side wall of the inner cylinder (32); Evaporation tubes (35), the number of which is m, each evaporation tube (35) is axially vertical and the lower end is connected to the lowest evaporation chamber (381), the upper end is sealed and passes through other coaxial evaporation chambers (381) in sequence, and is connected to the condensation tube (36) after being collected; Each evaporation tube (35) is provided with an opening for allowing the working medium of each evaporation chamber (381) to enter the interior thereof.

2. A heat rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide component (34) comprises a liquid storage tank (341) of an annular structure and a liquid outlet pipe (342) located in the middle of the liquid storage tank (341); The upper end of the liquid outlet pipe (342) is provided with an umbrella-shaped mechanism for allowing the working medium to fall into the liquid storage tank (341) along the inclined surface, the middle part is provided with a first through hole (343) for communicating the interior with the liquid storage tank (341), and the lower end is open.

3. A heat rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each layer of the cavity is divided into m / 2 independent liquid replenishing chambers (382) by a radially arranged second partition plate (332). The liquid replenishing chamber (382) is located between adjacent evaporation chambers (381) on the same layer, and the lower end is connected to the adjacent evaporation chamber (381) through a third through hole.

4. A heat rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each fluid replenishment chamber (382) is provided with a valve assembly; The valve assembly comprises a support plate (391), a piston (392), and a floating ball (393); The support plate (391) is fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder (32) and forms an open cavity with the outer wall. The piston (392) is slidably located in the open cavity and can seal the second through hole (344). The floating ball (393) is located above the piston (392) through a connecting rod and has a density less than that of the working medium. The liquid storage tank (341) is provided with an opening which is in communication with the second through hole (344).

5. A heat rod according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: An obliquely arranged baffle assembly (351) is provided at the opening of the evaporation tube (35); The baffle assembly (351) has a first baffle and a second baffle; One end of the first baffle is fixed to the outer wall of the evaporation tube (35), and the other end is inclined downward; one end of the second baffle is fixed to the inner wall of the evaporation tube (35), and the other end is inclined upward.

6. A heat rod according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The water inlet (371) is located at the lower end of the sealing structure, and the water outlet (372) is located at the upper end of the sealing structure; The volumes of the multiple liquid storage tanks (341) receiving the working fluid gradually increase from top to bottom.

7. The shaft antifreeze wind flow preheating system is characterized by: include: A heat rod assembly (3) vertically arranged in a plurality of tunnel rock layers (16), comprising a plurality of heat rods as claimed in claim 4 arranged at intervals; The water inlet (371) of each heat rod is connected to the first pipeline (2), and the water outlet (372) is connected to the second pipeline (4); A main water pipe (1), one end of which is connected to the low-temperature water outlet (18) of the preheating component (12), and the other end of which is connected to the first pipeline (2) of the lowest tunnel rock layer (16), and the first pipelines (2) of other tunnel rock layers (16) are all connected to the main water pipe (1); The heat storage tank (9) collects hot water that meets the temperature standard in the second pipeline (4) and is connected to the water inlet end (17) of the preheating component (12) through a return water pipeline (10) and a water pump (11); The preheating component (12) is used to heat the cold air flow at the air inlet and transport it to the wellbore.

8. The shaft antifreeze wind flow preheating system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second pipeline (4) of each lane is connected to the liquid inlet (51) of the three-way valve (5); The liquid return port (53) of the three-way valve (5) is connected to the main water pipe (1) through the fourth pipeline (7), and the liquid outlet (52) is connected to the heat storage tank (9) through the third pipeline (6); A temperature sensor (54) for monitoring the temperature of hot water is provided inside the three-way valve (5); After receiving the temperature signal, the controller controls the opening and closing of the liquid return port (53) and the liquid outlet port (52).

9. A method for using the shaft antifreeze airflow preheating system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific steps include: a. The plurality of sets of heat rod assemblies (3) are vertically inserted in the tunnel rock formation (16) at different depths, and the working fluid of the plurality of heat rods in each set of heat rod assemblies (3) undergoes phase change to extract heat from the rock formation; Cooling water is transported from the first pipeline (2) to the water inlet (371) of each heat rod, and after being heated, is collected from the water outlet (372) into the second pipeline (4), and enters the liquid inlet (51) of the three-way valve (5); b. The temperature sensor (54) in the three-way valve (5) identifies the temperature of the heated medium. When the temperature reaches the set range, the heated water is collected from the liquid outlet (52) of the three-way valve (5) and the third pipeline (6) to the heat storage tank (9); when the temperature does not reach the set range, the heated water is collected from the liquid return port (53) of the three-way valve (5) and the fourth pipeline (7) to the main water pipe (1), and is transported to the first pipeline (2) of the next layer of the tunnel rock layer (16) along the main water pipe (1); c. The hot water in the heat storage tank (9) is transported to the ground through the water return pipe (10) and the water pump (11), and enters the preheating component (12) to preheat the low-temperature air flow; after the heat exchange is completed, the medium water flows again into the first pipeline (2) of each tunnel rock layer (16) through the main water pipe (1), and is again extracted from the ground through the corresponding heat rod assembly (3); The temperature of the low-temperature airflow preheated by the preheating component (12) is increased and enters the wellbore to heat and insulate the wellbore, thereby preventing condensation and freezing of the wellbore.

10. The method for using the shaft antifreeze airflow preheating system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific steps of extracting heat from the rock formation by phase change of the working fluid of the heat rod include: S1, vertically inserting the hot rod into the tunnel rock layer (16); S2, the m evaporation chambers (381) in each sealed cavity in the axial direction extract heat from the tunnel rock layer (16), and the corresponding working fluid absorbs heat from the tunnel rock layer (16) and undergoes a phase change, from liquid to gas, and is collected in the condensation pipe (36) through the evaporation pipe (35) that passes through the n sealed cavities in the axial direction. The condensed working fluid changes from gas to liquid and flows back to the lower guide assembly (34); The cold water medium enters the closed structure equipped with the condenser (36) from the water inlet (371), and is discharged from the water outlet (372) after heat exchange; S3, the working medium condensed from the condenser (36) first falls into the upper guide assembly (34), and is received by the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe (342), and the working medium slides along the umbrella surface into the liquid storage tank (341). When the working medium in the liquid storage tank (341) is stored to a certain height, the working medium overflows from the first through hole (343), enters the inside of the liquid outlet pipe (342), and is then discharged from the lower end of the liquid outlet pipe (342) to the lower guide assembly (34); The lower layer flow guide component (34) is also received by the umbrella-shaped structure at the upper end of the liquid outlet pipe (342), overflows from the first through hole (343), and is discharged to the lower flow guide component (34); and so on and so forth, until the working medium is concentrated at the bottom of the inner cylinder (32); S4, when the working fluid in the evaporation chamber (381) is reduced to a certain height, the float (393) in the liquid replenishing chamber (382) connected to the evaporation chamber (381) moves downward, the piston (392) opens the second through hole (344), and the working fluid in the liquid storage tank (341) in the guide assembly (34) and the working fluid at the bottom of the inner cylinder (32) enter the liquid replenishing chamber (382) from the second through hole (344) to replenish the evaporation chamber (381) until the working fluid in the evaporation chamber (381) reaches a certain height, the float (393) moves upward, and the piston (392) closes the second through hole (344) again.

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