Wheel polygon order detection method, device and system based on laser measurement

Abstract

The invention provides a wheel polygon order detection method, device and system based on laser measurement. The device comprises a left rail side detection unit and a right rail side detection unit, the left rail side detection unit comprises a left rail side bottom plate, a plurality of left rail side sensor fixing seats are arranged in left rail side guide rail sliding grooves in the bottom plate, and laser sensors are installed on the left rail side sensor fixing seats. The left rail side bottom plate is further provided with a plurality of magnetic steel sensors which are the same as the left rail side sensor fixing seats in number and are in one-to-one correspondence with the left rail side sensor fixing seats in position. The right rail side detection unit comprises a right rail side bottom plate, a plurality of right rail side sensor fixing seats are arranged in right rail side guide rail sliding grooves in the bottom plate, and laser sensors with the same number as the laser sensors of the left rail side detection unit are installed on the right rail side sensor fixing seats. According to the method, the radial distance data of the wheel rim is collected, and the multi-sensor cooperative triggering mechanism and the high-precision mathematical modeling algorithm are combined, so that the quick calculation and visual analysis of the polygon order of the wheel are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of train wheel detection, and particularly to a method, device and system for detecting the order of wheel polygons based on laser measurement. Background Art

[0002] During the service of railway vehicles, due to the continuous friction between the wheel and the rail and the periodic vibration of the vehicle itself, the wheel radius shows periodic irregularities along the circumferential direction, which is called wheel polygon. Wheel polygons will reduce the driving stability of the vehicle, damage the acceleration performance and braking performance, and the resulting vehicle bumps and shakes will be directly transmitted to the passengers in the car, seriously affecting the riding comfort of the passengers. In addition, the impact load frequency caused by wheel polygons will increase with the increase of the order of wheel polygons, which not only generates a relatively large high-frequency impact load between the wheel and the rail, but also causes problems such as wheel and track noise and fatigue problems of railway components, seriously threatening the driving safety of railway vehicles.

[0003] At present, the main method for detecting the wheel polygon state in most train maintenance track maintenance sections is ground detection. Ground detection takes a certain amount of time to disassemble, install and measure the wheel set, and is generally only carried out during the fourth-level or fifth-level maintenance. Due to the low detection frequency, equipment and personnel need to be re-prepared for each detection, further increasing the cost. Ground detection requires the removal of the train wheel set, which will affect the normal operation of the train. Especially in the case of busy train operation, ground detection may have a greater impact on train operation.

[0004] For the above reasons, it is very necessary to find an online method for detecting wheel polygon faults. Therefore, how to provide a train wheel polygon detection technology with high precision, high integration, easy installation, low cost, high automation, with the function of measuring wheel polygons and capable of realizing non-stop measurement has become an urgent problem to be solved by researchers in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, device and system for detecting the order of wheel polygons based on laser measurement to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement, which is characterized by comprising a left rail side detection unit and a right rail side detection unit; wherein, the left rail side detection unit includes a left rail side bottom plate, the left rail side bottom plate is provided with a left rail side guide rail chute, a plurality of left rail side sensor fixing seats are arranged in the left rail side guide rail chute, and laser sensors are installed on the left rail side sensor fixing seats; a plurality of magnetic sensors are further arranged on the left rail side bottom plate, and the number of the magnetic sensors is the same as that of the left rail side sensor fixing seats and the positions are in one-to-one correspondence; the right rail side detection unit includes a right rail side bottom plate, the right rail side bottom plate is provided with a right rail side guide rail chute, a plurality of right rail side sensor fixing seats are arranged in the right rail side guide rail chute, and laser sensors are installed on the right rail side sensor fixing seats, and the number of the laser sensors in the left rail side detection unit is the same as that of the laser sensors in the right rail side detection unit.

[0008] Further, in the detection device provided by the present invention, there is also such a feature: a length scale is arranged on the upper surface of the left rail side bottom plate along the left rail side guide rail chute, and a length scale is arranged on the upper surface of the right rail side bottom plate along the right rail side guide rail chute.

[0009] Further, in the detection device provided by the present invention, there is also such a feature: a plurality of grooves for installing magnetic sensors are further opened on the left rail side bottom plate.

[0010] Further, in the detection device provided by the present invention, there is also such a feature: when detecting the wheel, the left rail side bottom plate and the right rail side bottom plate are located above the sleeper, and the left rail side bottom plate and the right rail side bottom plate are respectively abutted against the inner side surfaces of the rail bottoms of the left and right rails.

[0011] Further, in the detection device provided by the present invention, there is also such a feature: the left rail side sensor fixing seats and the right rail side sensor fixing seats are arranged in a left-right symmetric distribution with respect to the track center line.

[0012] The present invention provides a wheel polygon order detection method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step S1: Install the wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement as described in any one of claims 1 to 5 on the track. The n laser sensors of the left rail side detection unit and the n laser sensors of the right rail side detection unit are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the track, forming n groups of laser sensors. Each pair of laser sensor groups is triggered to work by the corresponding magnetic sensor, and the distance L between adjacent laser sensors on the same side satisfies:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, r is the nominal radius of the wheel;

[0016] Step S2: When the train wheel passes by, the magnetic steel sensor triggers the corresponding laser sensor group to collect the radial distance data y from the wheel flange to the laser sensor i (i = 1, 2, ..., n);

[0017] Step S3: Construct the original data coordinate system, where the abscissa represents the position of the laser sensor, the abscissa is x i =(i - 1)L, and the ordinate is y i , (i = 1, 2, ..., n);

[0018] Step S4: The wheel flange distance measured by the i-th laser sensor is y i , and the corresponding radial deviation is:

[0019] Δr i = D - y i , (i = 1, 2, …, n),

[0020] In the formula, D is the theoretical wheel flange distance;

[0021] From the abscissa x i and the radial deviation Δr i , a continuous curve of wheel circumference - wheel flange radial deviation is fitted. The abscissa of this fitted curve is represented as x, and the ordinate is represented as y;

[0022] Step S5: Convert the abscissa x of the fitted curve into the wheel rotation angle θ in polar coordinates, satisfying:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, C represents the wheel circumference,

[0025] The radius ρ corresponding to the polar coordinate angle θ satisfies:

[0026] ρ = r + 1000y,

[0027] In the formula, r is the nominal radius of the wheel, and y is the ordinate of the fitted curve,

[0028] Generate a wheel contour map in polar coordinates according to the polar coordinate angle θ and the radius ρ;

[0029] Step S6: Obtain the radial deviation data at each angular position of the wheel and perform spectral analysis.

[0030] Furthermore, in the detection method provided by the present invention, there is also such a feature: the calibration formula for the theoretical wheel flange distance D is:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, To calibrate the average ranging values of all n groups of sensors when the wheel passes by.

[0033] Furthermore, in the detection method provided by the present invention, there is also such a feature: n = 12, that is, both the left rail side detection unit and the right rail side detection unit are provided with 12 laser sensors, constituting n groups of laser sensors.

[0034] Furthermore, in the detection method provided by the present invention, there is also such a feature: Step S6 specifically includes:

[0035] Step S6-1: Read the radial deviation data of each angular position of the wheel;

[0036] Step S6-2: Perform Fourier transform on the wheel radial deviation data to obtain amplitudes of different orders, and generate a wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram;

[0037] Step S6-3: According to the Fourier transform result, simulate the waveform corresponding to the wheel polygon deviation, and generate a wheel angle and radial deviation diagram.

[0038] Furthermore, in the detection method provided by the present invention, it is characterized by further including: Step S7: Visually display the wheel contour diagram, the wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram, and the wheel angle and radial deviation diagram.

[0039] The present invention provides a system for implementing the above detection method, which is characterized by including: a data acquisition module for acquiring the radial distance y of the acquisition data of the laser sensor i ; a data preprocessing module for preprocessing the acquired acquisition data and calculating the theoretical flange distance D through a calibration formula; a curve fitting module for fitting the wheel circumference - flange radial deviation continuous curve; an angle mapping module for converting the abscissa x of the fitting curve into the wheel rotation angle θ in polar coordinates; a spectrum analysis module for performing Fourier transform analysis and polygon deviation simulation; a visualization module for generating the wheel contour diagram, the wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram, and the wheel angle and radial deviation diagram according to the output results of the angle mapping module and the spectrum analysis module, and performing visual display.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0041] 1. The wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement of the present invention is easy to install, has low cost, and high efficiency. The laser sensors are installed in the guide rail chutes of the bottom plate, and the magnetic steel sensors are installed in the grooves of the bottom plate. The bottom plate is installed inside the rail and above the sleeper, and the installation of the whole device is very convenient. In addition, the device has a simple structure and low cost, but the measurement efficiency of laser detection is high, and it can detect the train wheels without stopping the train.

[0042] 2. In the detection system of the present invention, the measuring device has high measuring accuracy and high integration, and the entire system has a high degree of automation. It can perform detection without affecting the normal operation of the train, can detect multiple trains, and the train only needs to pass through once to measure all the wheel polygon parameters. The system responds quickly, can seamlessly connect to the train maintenance and wheel turning processes, significantly improves the efficiency of the measurement work, and optimizes the maintenance and operation efficiency of the train.

[0043] 3. In the detection method of the present invention, the collected data is optimized. By arranging sensors at equal angular intervals, the sampling points evenly cover the wheel circumference; contour reconstruction is performed to fit the discrete ranging data into a continuous wheel circumference - radial deviation curve and convert it into a contour deviation function in polar coordinates; spectrum analysis and polygon component identification are used to accurately extract the polygon components of different orders and their wave depths. This algorithm is intelligent analysis and simple calculation, and combines visualization technology to intuitively display the frequency domain characteristics and waveform simulation results, realizing the rapid diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of wheel polygons. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a left rail side detection unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a partial enlarged view at A.

[0047] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a right rail side detection unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 5 is Figure 4 a partial enlarged view at B.

[0049] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a left rail side laser sensor device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a right rail side laser sensor device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic steel sensor device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 9 is a wheel polygon profile diagram in polar coordinates in an embodiment of the present invention, where the blue dashed line represents the profile of a standard wheel without polygon defects, and the red solid line represents the wheel polygon profile.

[0053] Figure 10 It is the wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, where the abscissa represents the polygon order and the ordinate represents the wave depth corresponding to the polygon order.

[0054] Figure 11 It is the wheel angle and radial deviation diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, where the abscissa represents the wheel angle and the ordinate represents the radial deviation corresponding to each angular position of the wheel.

[0055] Reference signs: wheel set 1; rail 2; sleeper 3; left rail side detection unit 4; right rail side detection unit 5; left rail side bottom plate 6; right rail side bottom plate 7; laser sensor 4a; left rail side sensor fixing seat 4b; bolt 4c; laser sensor 5a; right rail side sensor fixing seat 5b; bolt 5c; magnetic sensor 4e; bolt 4f; magnetic sensor devices 413 - 424; left rail side laser sensor devices 401 - 412; right rail side laser sensor devices 501 - 512. Detailed implementation manners

[0056] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following embodiments will specifically elaborate on the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0057] See Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement, and the device includes a left rail side detection unit 4 and a right rail side detection unit 5.

[0058] See Figure 2 , the left rail side detection unit 4 includes a left rail side bottom plate 6 and 12 left rail side laser sensor devices 401 - 412 and 12 magnetic sensor devices 413 - 424 installed on the left rail side bottom plate.

[0059] The left rail side bottom plate 6 is provided with a left rail side guide rail chute. A length scale is arranged on the upper surface of the left rail side bottom plate 6 along the left rail side guide rail chute. See Figure 3 and Figure 6 , the left rail side laser sensor device is composed of a laser sensor 4a, a left rail side sensor fixing seat 4b, and a bolt 4c. An installation groove for the laser sensor is provided at the upper end of the left rail side sensor fixing seat 4b, and the laser sensor 4a is installed therein. The lower end of the left rail side sensor fixing seat 4b has a slider structure matching the shape of the left rail side guide rail chute. The left rail side sensor fixing seat 4b is located in the left rail side guide rail chute to form a slidable connection, and after the position is determined, it is locked and fixed by the bolt 4c to prevent it from sliding.

[0060] A plurality of grooves for installing magnetic sensors are also provided on the left rail side bottom plate 6. See Figure 3 andFigure 8 , the magnet steel sensor device consists of a magnet steel sensor 4e and two bolts 4f. The magnet steel sensor 4e is installed in a groove, and the shape of its housing is adapted to the shape of the groove. See Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the position of the magnet steel sensor 4e corresponds one by one to the position of the left rail side sensor fixing seat 4b.

[0061] See Figure 4 , the right rail side detection unit 5 includes a right rail side bottom plate 7 and twelve right rail side laser sensor devices 501 - 512 installed on the right rail side bottom plate.

[0062] The right rail side bottom plate 7 is provided with a right rail side guide rail chute. The upper surface of the right rail side bottom plate 7 is provided with a length scale along the right rail side guide rail chute. The right rail side laser sensor device and the left rail side laser sensor device are symmetric structures left and right. See Figure 4 and Figure 7 , the right rail side laser sensor device consists of a laser sensor 5a, a right rail side sensor fixing seat 5b, and a bolt 5c. The upper end of the right rail side sensor fixing seat 5b is provided with an installation groove for the laser sensor, and the laser sensor 5a is installed therein. The lower end of the right rail side sensor fixing seat 5b has a slider structure that matches the shape of the right rail side guide rail chute. The right rail side sensor fixing seat 5b is located in the right rail side guide rail chute to form a slidable connection. After the position is determined, it is locked and fixed by the bolt 5c so that it no longer slides.

[0063] The situation of the wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement in this embodiment during wheel detection is as shown in Figure 1 , the left rail side bottom plate 6 and the right rail side bottom plate 7 are located above the sleeper 3, and the left rail side bottom plate 6 and the right rail side bottom plate 7 are respectively abutted against the inner sides of the rail soles of the left and right rails 2. The left rail side sensor fixing seat and the right rail side sensor fixing seat are arranged symmetrically left and right with respect to the track center line.

[0064] This embodiment also provides a method for detecting the wheel polygon order, including the following steps:

[0065] Step S1: Install the detection device

[0066] Install the above-mentioned wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement on the track, where the twelve laser sensors of the left rail side detection unit and the twelve laser sensors of the right rail side detection unit are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the track, constituting twelve groups of laser sensors.

[0067] The distance L between adjacent laser sensors on the same side satisfies:

[0068]

[0069] Wherein, r is the nominal radius of the wheel.

[0070] Each pair of laser sensor groups is triggered to work by the corresponding magnetic steel sensor. When the magnetic steel sensor senses that the wheel passes by, the induced signal output by it serves as the working signal to trigger the laser sensor.

[0071] Step S2: Data acquisition

[0072] When the train wheel passes by, the magnetic steel sensor triggers the corresponding laser sensor group to collect data. The specific situation is as follows:

[0073] S2-1: When the first magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the first group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0074] S2-2: When the second magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the second group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0075] S2-3: When the third magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the third group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0076] S2-4: When the fourth magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the fourth group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0077] S2-5: When the fifth magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the fifth group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0078] S2-6: When the sixth magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the sixth group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0079] S2-7: When the seventh magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the seventh group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0080] S2-8: When the eighth magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the eighth group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0081] S2-9: When the ninth magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the ninth group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0082] S2-10: When the tenth magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the tenth group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0083] S2-11: When the eleventh magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the eleventh group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0084] S2-12: When the twelfth magnetic steel sensor detects the train wheel, the twelfth group of laser sensors starts to measure the distance from the sensor itself to the wheel flange.

[0085] The radial distance data of the wheel flange to the laser sensor is represented as y i (i = 1, 2,..., 12). The radial distance data y i here refers to the data of one side, and the data collection method of the other side is the same, so it will not be described repeatedly.

[0086] Step S3: Data preprocessing

[0087] Calibrate the theoretical wheel flange distance D through a standard wheel (without polygon defects). The calibration formula is:

[0088]

[0089] In the formula, is the average distance measurement of all 12 groups of sensors when the calibration wheel passes by.

[0090] Step S4: Curve fitting

[0091] Construct the original data coordinate system, with the abscissa being x i =(i - 1)L. The abscissa represents the position of the laser sensor, and the ordinate is y i , (i = 1, 2,..., 12), a total of 12 points.

[0092] In actual detection, the wheel flange distance measured by the i-th laser sensor is y i , and the corresponding radial deviation is:

[0093] Δr i = D - y i , (i = 1, 2,…, 12),

[0094] From the abscissa x i and the radial deviation Δr i , using the cubic spline interpolation method for fitting, convert the original laser ranging data into a sequence of radial deviations of the wheel circumferential profile, and obtain the wheel perimeter - radial deviation curve. The abscissa of this continuous curve is x, and the ordinate is y.

[0095] Step S5: Angle mapping

[0096] Convert the abscissa x of the fitted curve into the wheel rotation angle θ in polar coordinates, satisfying:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula, C represents the wheel circumference,

[0099] The radius ρ corresponding to the polar coordinate angle θ satisfies:

[0100] ρ = r + 1000y,

[0101] In the formula, r is the nominal radius of the wheel, and y is the ordinate of the fitting curve.

[0102] Generate a wheel contour map in polar coordinates based on the polar coordinate angle θ and the radius ρ. In the wheel contour map, the sensor data is arranged at equal angular intervals. The position of the i-th sensor corresponds to the circumferential angle of the wheel as: (unit: radian). Convert the abscissa x of the fitting curve into the wheel rotation angle θ in polar coordinates. The radius corresponding to the polar coordinate angle is ρ, and y is the ordinate of the fitting curve. For the polar coordinate wheel contour map obtained in this embodiment, see Figure 9 .

[0103] Step S6: Spectrum analysis

[0104] Step S6-1: Read the radial deviation data at each angular position of the wheel.

[0105] Step S6-2: Perform Fourier transform FFT on the wheel radial deviation data to obtain the amplitudes of different orders (frequency components), and generate a wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram. See Figure 10 .

[0106] Step S6-3: According to the Fourier transform result, simulate the waveform corresponding to the wheel polygon deviation and plot it as a wheel angle and radial deviation diagram. See Figure 11 , and this diagram shows the radial displacement change caused by the polygon deviation during the rotation of the wheel, which helps to analyze the polygon deviation characteristics of the wheel.

[0107] Step S7: Visualize and display the wheel contour map, the wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram, and the wheel angle and radial deviation diagram.

[0108] The above steps are only for the analysis of the unilateral laser data, and the obtained wheel contour map, the wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram, and the wheel angle and radial deviation diagram are also the corresponding analysis data of one wheel on this side. The analysis of the polygon order detection data of the other side wheel is the same as this and will not be elaborated here. If it is necessary to detect multiple wheels, repeating the above steps can achieve it.

[0109] This embodiment also provides a system for implementing the above-mentioned method for detecting the polygon order of a wheel. The system includes the following computer logic function modules: a data acquisition module, a data preprocessing module, a curve fitting module, an angle mapping module, a spectrum analysis module, and a visualization module. The data acquisition module is used to obtain the radial distance y of the acquisition data of the laser sensor i . The data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the acquired data and calculate the theoretical rim distance D through a calibration formula. The curve fitting module is used to fit the continuous curve of the wheel circumference-rim radial deviation. The angle mapping module is used to convert the abscissa x of the fitted curve into the wheel rotation angle θ in polar coordinates. The spectrum analysis module is used to perform Fourier transform analysis and polygon deviation simulation. The visualization module generates a wheel contour map, a wheel polygon order and wave depth map, and a wheel angle and radial deviation map according to the output results of the angle mapping module and the spectrum analysis module, and performs visual display.

[0110] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement, characterized in that: include: a left rail side detection unit and a right rail side detection unit; Wherein, the left rail side detection unit comprises a left rail side bottom plate, the left rail side bottom plate is provided with a left rail side guide rail slot, a plurality of left rail side sensor fixing seats are arranged in the left rail side guide rail slot, and a laser sensor is installed on the left rail side sensor fixing seat; A plurality of magnetic steel sensors are also arranged on the bottom plate on the left rail side, the number of the magnetic steel sensors is the same as the number of the sensor fixing seats on the left rail side and the positions are opposite to each other; The right rail side detection unit includes a right rail side bottom plate, the right rail side bottom plate is provided with a right rail side guide groove, a plurality of right rail side sensor fixing seats are arranged in the right rail side guide groove, a laser sensor is installed on the right rail side sensor fixing seat, and the number of laser sensors of the left rail side detection unit is the same as that of the right rail side detection unit.

2. The wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The upper surface of the left rail side bottom plate is provided with length scales along the left rail side guide rail slide groove, and the upper surface of the right rail side bottom plate is provided with length scales along the right rail side guide rail slide groove.

3. The wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The left rail side bottom plate is also provided with a plurality of grooves for installing the magnetic steel sensor.

4. The wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, During wheel detection, the left rail side bottom plate and the right rail side bottom plate are located above the sleeper, and the left rail side bottom plate and the right rail side bottom plate are respectively abutted against the inner side surfaces of the rail bottoms of the left and right rails.

5. The wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement according to claim 4, characterized in that: in, The left rail side sensor fixing seat and the right rail side sensor fixing seat are arranged in a left-right symmetrical distribution with respect to the rail center line.

6. A wheel polygon order detection method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Installing the wheel polygon order detection device based on laser measurement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 on the track, the n laser sensors of the left track side detection unit and the n laser sensors of the right track side detection unit are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the track to form n groups of laser sensors, each pair of laser sensor groups is triggered to work by the corresponding magnetic steel sensor, and the spacing L between adjacent laser sensors on the same side satisfies: Where r is the nominal radius of the wheel; Step S2: When the train wheel passes by, the magnetic steel sensor triggers the corresponding laser sensor group to collect radial distance data y from the wheel rim to the laser sensor i (i=1,2,...,n); Step S3: Construct the original data coordinate system, where the horizontal axis represents the position of the laser sensor and the horizontal axis is x i =(i-1)L, the ordinate is y i , (i=1,2,...,n); Step S4: The wheel rim distance measured by the i-th laser sensor is y i , the corresponding radial deviation is: Δr i =D-y i ,(i=1,2,…,n), Where D is the theoretical wheel rim distance; From the horizontal coordinate x i and radial deviation Δr i , a continuous curve of wheel circumference-rim radial deviation is obtained by fitting, the abscissa of the fitting curve is represented by x, and the ordinate is represented by y; Step S5: Convert the horizontal coordinate x of the fitting curve into the wheel rotation angle θ in polar coordinates, satisfying: Where C is the wheel circumference, The radius ρ corresponding to the polar coordinate angle θ satisfies: ρ=r+1000y, Where r is the nominal radius of the wheel, y is the ordinate of the fitting curve, Generate a wheel profile in polar coordinates according to the polar coordinate angle θ and the radius ρ; Step S6: Obtain radial deviation data at each angular position of the wheel and perform spectrum analysis.

7. The wheel polygon order detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, The calibration formula of the theoretical wheel flange distance D is: In the formula, is the mean distance measurement of all n groups of sensors when the calibrated wheel passes.

8. The wheel polygon order detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, Step S6 specifically includes: Step S6-1: reading radial deviation data of each angular position of the wheel; Step S6-2: Perform Fourier transform on the wheel radial deviation data to obtain amplitudes of different orders, and generate wheel polygon order and wave depth map; Step S6-3: According to the Fourier transform result, the waveform corresponding to the wheel polygon deviation is simulated to generate a wheel angle and radial deviation diagram.

9. The wheel polygon order detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that Also includes: Step S7: Visually display the wheel profile map, wheel polygon order and wave depth map, and wheel angle and radial deviation map.

10. A wheel polygon order detection system, used to implement the wheel polygon order detection method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module is used to obtain the radial distance y of the collected data of the laser sensor. i ; A data preprocessing module is used to preprocess the acquired data and calculate the theoretical wheel rim distance D through a calibration formula; Curve fitting module, used for fitting the wheel circumference-wheel rim radial deviation continuous curve; An angle mapping module, used to convert the horizontal coordinate x of the fitting curve into the wheel rotation angle θ in polar coordinates; Spectral analysis module for Fourier transform analysis and polygon deviation simulation; The visualization module generates a wheel profile diagram, a wheel polygon order and wave depth diagram, a wheel angle and radial deviation diagram according to the output results of the angle mapping module and the output results of the spectrum analysis module, and displays them visually.

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