A soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device, which belongs to the technical field of soil and water loss monitoring equipment. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device includes a sampling tube and a sampling rod, and also includes: a depth detector for detecting the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface; a support portion is provided with a long first through groove, and the sampling rod is provided with a groove along the length direction of the sampling rod; a first slider can slide in the groove along the length direction of the groove; a driving mechanism is used to drive the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider; a controller controls the action of the driving mechanism according to the rigidity of the sampling rod, the flow rate of the river, the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube, until the sampling tube is directly below the first slider. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device of the present invention can offset the horizontal offset of the sampling tube caused by the pressure of the river on the sampling tube and the sampling rod, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water loss monitoring equipment, and in particular to a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device. Background Art

[0002] With global climate change and intensified human activities, soil erosion has become a core threat to ecological security. Runoff sediment monitoring is a key component of soil and water conservation efforts, and the accuracy of its data directly impacts the development of watershed management plans. Runoff sediment monitoring often requires sampling. The presence of runoff sediment at the bottom of the runoff can accurately analyze the extent of soil erosion within the basin.

[0003] Sampling surface runoff, or the sediment at the riverbed, requires sediment sampling equipment. Existing sediment sampling equipment typically consists of a sampling rod and a sampling tube. The rod is used to insert the sampling tube into the riverbed, thereby sampling the sediment. Generally, higher river flow velocities lead to more severe soil erosion within the basin. However, sampling equipment typically operates in rivers with high flow rates. This presents several challenges. For example, in rivers with velocities ≥ 3 m / s, using a 20 cm diameter sampling tube can subject the sampling rod to a force exceeding 200 N, exceeding the load-bearing limit of ordinary aluminum alloys (yield strength 110 MPa), causing the rod to bend. In a case study, data from the Tongguan Hydrological Station on the Yellow River in 2023 showed that conventional sampling rods experienced a maximum deformation of 12 cm during peak flood season, resulting in significant deviations in the sampling position. Excessive deviation in the sampling position will cause distortion in sediment analysis, directly affecting the accuracy of erosion modulus calculations, and thus affecting the accuracy of subsequent soil and water loss monitoring and analysis results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device that can offset the horizontal offset of the sampling tube caused by river pressure, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube.

[0005] The present invention provides a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device, comprising a sampling tube and a sampling rod, wherein the sampling tube is connected to the lower end of the sampling rod, and further comprising:

[0006] The detection unit includes a depth detector and a water flow velocity detector. The depth detector is provided at the bottom end of the sampling tube and is used to detect the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface. The water flow velocity detector is used to detect the water flow velocity of the river.

[0007] The support portion floats on the river surface, the support portion is provided with a first elongated through-slot, the sampling rod passes through the first through-slot, a first slider is provided on the inner wall of the first through-slot, and the sampling rod is provided with a groove along the length direction of the sampling rod; the first slider is slidably connected in the groove;

[0008] a driving mechanism, disposed on the supporting portion, connected to the sampling rod, and configured to drive the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider;

[0009] A controller is connected to the depth detector and the driving mechanism. The controller calculates the deformation of the sampling rod based on the stiffness of the sampling rod, the water flow velocity, the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube. Then, the controller calculates the offset of the sampling tube along the river flow direction based on the deformation of the sampling rod. The controller controls the operation of the driving mechanism based on the offset to drive the sampling rod and the sampling tube to rotate until the sampling tube rotates to directly below the first slider.

[0010] Preferably, the support portion is connected with a vertical connecting hole, a turntable is rotatably connected in the connecting hole, the first through slot and the driving mechanism are both provided on the turntable, a guide plate is provided at the lower end of the turntable, the plane where the guide plate is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through slot, the guide plate is inserted into the river surface, and the guide plate can drive the turntable to rotate under the drive of the river until the length direction of the first through slot is parallel to the flow direction of the river.

[0011] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a driving block and a screw rod, a bracket is provided on the turntable, the driving block is slidably connected to the bracket, a second through groove and a threaded hole are provided on the driving block, the second through groove is arranged parallel to the first through groove, a second slider is provided on the inner wall of the second through groove, the second slider is slidably connected to the groove along the length direction of the groove, the second slider can drive the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider through the groove, the screw rod is rotatably connected to the bracket, the screw rod is arranged parallel to the first through groove, and the screw rod is connected to the threaded hole on the driving block.

[0012] Preferably, the water flow velocity detector includes a first flow velocity sensor, which is provided on the sampling tube and is used to detect the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube. The screw rod is connected to a power device, and the controller is connected to the first flow velocity sensor and the power device. The controller controls the action of the power device according to the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube, the stiffness of the sampling rod, the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube, so as to drive the sampling rod to rotate so that the sampling tube is directly below the first slider.

[0013] Preferably, the water flow velocity detector also includes a second flow velocity sensor, which is arranged on the guide plate. The second flow velocity sensor is used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. The controller controls the action of the power device according to the water flow velocity at the river surface, the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube, the stiffness of the sampling rod, the depth of the sampling tube inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube, so as to drive the sampling rod to rotate so that the sampling tube is directly below the first slider.

[0014] Preferably, a telescopic mechanism is provided on the turntable, and the telescopic mechanism is connected to the first slider. The telescopic mechanism is used to drive the first slider to move along the radial direction of the sampling rod, thereby clamping the sampling rod and the first slider.

[0015] Preferably, the driving block is connected to a counterweight block. When the river is stationary and the sampling rod is in a vertical state, the center of gravity of the counterweight block is at the axis of the sampling rod. When the driving block drives the sampling rod to rotate, thereby driving the sampling tube to move toward one end of the first through slot, the driving block drives the counterweight block to move toward the other end of the first through slot. The counterweight block is used to prevent the support part from deflecting.

[0016] Preferably, the support portion is a disc-shaped structure.

[0017] Preferably, the support portion is made of a honeycomb panel.

[0018] Preferably, the sampling rod and the sampling tube are detachably connected.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device of the present invention can calculate the deformation of the sampling rod according to the stiffness of the sampling rod, the pressure on the sampling rod, the pressure on the sampling tube and the length of the sampling rod inserted into the river surface, thereby calculating the offset of the sampling tube in the horizontal direction. The controller controls the action of the driving mechanism according to the offset of the sampling tube in the horizontal direction. Since the distance between the driving mechanism and the first slider is known, the distance between the first slider and the sampling tube is also known. According to the lever principle, it can be known how much the driving mechanism drives the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider to offset the horizontal offset of the sampling tube, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube and the accuracy of the subsequent sediment sample analysis results.

[0020] By providing a turntable and guide plate, the river drives the guide plate to deflect around the turntable's axis of rotation, thereby driving the turntable to rotate. The turntable then drives the drive mechanism and the first through-slot thereon to rotate. When the drive mechanism drives the sampling rod to rotate around the first slider, the direction of movement of the sampling tube can be made opposite to the direction of the river, thereby achieving the purpose of precisely adjusting the offset of the sampling tube and improving the accuracy of the sampling tube's sampling position. The drive block can drive the end of the sampling rod away from the sampling tube to move in the same direction as the river through the second slider on it. While adjusting the sampling tube's offset, it prevents the drive mechanism from affecting the downward movement of the sampling rod, thus ensuring that the sampling tube can accurately descend to the desired sampling location on the riverbed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the AA surface structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the BB surface structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the CC surface structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the piston of the present invention.

[0027] Description of reference numerals:

[0028] 101. Sampling tube, 102. Sampling rod, 103. Depth detector, 104. Support part, 105. First through slot, 106. Groove, 107. First slider, 201. Turntable, 202. Guide plate, 301. Drive block, 302. Screw rod, 303. Bracket, 304. Second through slot, 305. Second slider, 401. Second flow rate sensor, 402. Power unit, 5. First flow rate sensor, 601. Sample tube, 602. Slide hole, 603. Piston, 604. First vent, 701. Second vent, 702. Stop valve, 8. Counterweight, 9. Telescopic mechanism, 10. Guide slip ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is combined with Figures 1-6 , the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device provided by the present invention includes a sampling tube 101 and a sampling rod 102, wherein the sampling tube 101 is connected to the lower end of the sampling rod 102, and further includes: a detection part, a support part 104, a driving mechanism and a controller, the detection part includes a depth detector 103 and a water flow velocity detector, the depth detector 103 is arranged at the bottom end of the sampling tube 101, the depth detector 103 is used to detect the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface, and the water flow velocity detector is used to detect the water flow velocity of the river; the support part 104 floats on the river surface, and the support part 104 is provided with a long first through groove 105, the sampling rod 102 passes through the first through groove 105, the inner wall of the first through groove 105 is provided with a first slider 107, and the sampling rod 102 is provided with a sliding block along the length direction of the sampling rod 102 The groove 106 of the sampling rod 102 is provided; the first slider 107 is slidably connected to the groove 106; the driving mechanism is provided on the supporting portion 104, the driving mechanism is connected to the sampling rod, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate around the first slider 107; the controller is connected to the depth detector 103 and the driving mechanism, and the controller calculates the deformation of the sampling rod 102 according to the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the water flow rate, the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101, and then calculates the offset of the sampling tube 101 along the river flow direction according to the deformation of the sampling rod 102. The controller controls the action of the driving mechanism according to the offset to drive the sampling rod 102 and the sampling tube 101 to rotate until the sampling tube 101 rotates to directly below the first slider 107.

[0031] The working principle of the above embodiment is briefly described below:

[0032] When the device is in use, the support part 104 is fixed at the sampling position, and then the sampling rod 102 is slowly lowered into the sampling tube 101. During this process, the depth detector 103 detects the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface in real time. The controller controls the action of the driving mechanism according to the rigidity of the sampling rod 102, the water flow rate of the river, the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101. Specifically, the controller can roughly calculate the pressure exerted by the river on the sampling tube 101 according to the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101 and the water flow rate of the river. The pressure applied by rod 102 is approximately a uniformly distributed load. Based on the river flow velocity, the diameter of sampling rod 102, and the length of sampling rod 102 (roughly the depth to which sampling tube 101 is inserted into the river surface), the pressure on sampling rod 102 can be calculated. Based on the stiffness of sampling rod 102, the pressure on sampling rod 102 (approximately a uniformly distributed load), the pressure on sampling tube 101 (approximately a single-point load), and the length of sampling rod 102 inserted into the river surface (roughly the depth to which sampling tube 101 is inserted into the river surface), the deformation of sampling rod 102 can be calculated, and thus the horizontal displacement of sampling tube 101 can be calculated.

[0033] Combining the fluid mechanics resistance formula with the bending theory of material mechanics, the offset of the sampling tube 101 in the river is calculated. The specific derivation process is as follows:

[0034] Key Parameters and Assumptions

[0035] parameter:

[0036] – Stiffness of sampling rod 102 ,diameter , insertion depth .

[0037] – Sample tube 101 stiffness ,diameter , insertion depth .

[0038] – Water flow rate , water density .

[0039] – Drag coefficient (Default value, adjustable according to Reynolds number).

[0040] Assumptions:

[0041] – The sampling rod 102 and the sampling tube 101 are both inserted vertically into the river surface, ignoring interference such as waves and temperature.

[0042] –The resistance to water flow is evenly distributed along the length of the cylinder.

[0043] Resistance calculation

[0044] Uniformly distributed load of water flow on a cylinder for:

[0045] (sampling rod 102);

[0046] (sampling tube 101);

[0047] Segmental deflection calculation

[0048] Considering the structure as two cantilever beams, the total offset is composed of three parts:

[0049] (1) The sampling rod 102 itself bends: ;

[0050] (2) Influence of the load of the sampling tube 101 on the sampling rod 102:

[0051] – Bending moment of sampling tube 101 ;

[0052] – The deflection produced by this force at the end of the sampling rod 102: ;

[0053] (3) The sampling tube 101 is bent: ;

[0054] The total displacement of the sampling tube 101 in the river is calculated as follows:

[0055] ;

[0056] Parameter description and verification unit: All length units are meters (m), stiffness EI is Newton meter squared (N m2)

[0057] Reynolds number correction: If you need accurate calculation , can be Look up the table to obtain the value.

[0058] Dimension verification: All dimensions of the formula are meters (m), which is consistent with the physical meaning.

[0059] The controller controls the operation of the drive mechanism based on the horizontal offset of the sampling tube 101. Since the distance between the drive mechanism and the first slider 107 is known, and the distance between the first slider 107 and the sampling tube 101 is also known, the lever principle indicates the angle at which the drive mechanism can rotate the sampling rod 102 around the first slider 107 to offset the horizontal offset of the sampling tube 101, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101. During this process, the buoyancy exerted by the river on the support portion 104 provides support to the drive mechanism, ensuring that the drive mechanism can accurately rotate the sampling rod 102 to the predetermined angle. Furthermore, since the first slider 107 can slide within the first groove 106 of the sampling rod 102, the drive mechanism can ensure that the sampling rod 102 can move relative to the first slider 107 while the sampling rod 102 rotates around the first slider 107.

[0060] The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device of the present invention can offset the horizontal offset of the sampling tube 101 caused by the river pressure when sampling sediment in surface runoff, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101 and the accuracy of the subsequent sediment sample analysis results.

[0061] On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to achieve the purpose of accurately adjusting the offset of the sampling tube 101, the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101 is improved.

[0062] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the support portion 104 is connected with a vertical connection hole, and a turntable 201 is rotatably connected in the connection hole. The first through slot 105 and the driving mechanism are both provided on the turntable 201. A guide plate 202 is provided at the lower end of the turntable 201. The plane where the guide plate 202 is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through slot 105. The guide plate 202 is inserted into the river surface. Driven by the river, the guide plate 202 can drive the turntable 201 to rotate until the length direction of the first through slot 105 is parallel to the flow direction of the river.

[0063] When the guide plate 202 is not parallel to the direction of the river, the river will drive the guide plate 202 to deflect around the rotation axis of the turntable 201, thereby driving the turntable 201 to rotate. The turntable 201 drives the driving mechanism and the first through slot 105 thereon to rotate until the guide plate 202 is parallel to the direction of the river. Since the plane where the guide plate 202 is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through slot 105, the length direction of the first through slot 105 is parallel to the direction of the river. At this time, under the action of the river, the sampling rod 102 is deformed in a direction parallel to the direction of the river. At this time, when the driving mechanism drives the sampling rod 102 to rotate around the first slider 107, the movement direction of the sampling tube 101 can be opposite to the direction of the river, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately adjusting the offset of the sampling tube 101 and improving the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101.

[0064] As a preferred solution, Figures 1-4 As shown, the driving mechanism includes a driving block 301 and a screw rod 302, a bracket 303 is provided on the turntable 201, the driving block 301 is slidably connected to the bracket 303, a second through slot 304 and a threaded hole are provided on the driving block 301, the second through slot 304 is arranged parallel to the first through slot 105, a second slider 305 is provided on the inner wall of the second through slot 304, the second slider 305 is slidably connected to the groove 106 along the length direction of the groove 106, the second slider 305 can drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate around the first slider 107 through the groove 106, the screw rod 302 is rotatably connected to the bracket 303, the screw rod 302 is arranged parallel to the first through slot 105, and the screw rod 302 is connected to the threaded hole on the driving block 301. When adjusting the offset of the sampling tube 101, by rotating the screw rod 302, the screw rod 302 drives the driving block 301 to move along the length direction of the first through slot 105. Since the length direction of the first through slot 105 is parallel to the direction of the river, the driving block 301 can drive the sampling rod 102 to move away from one end of the sampling tube 101 in the same direction as the river through the second slider 305 thereon. The second slider 305 can slide in the groove 106, thereby driving the sampling tube 101 to move to the side opposite to the river direction. Therefore, while adjusting the offset of the sampling tube 101, the driving mechanism is prevented from affecting the downward movement of the sampling rod 102, thereby ensuring that the sampling tube 101 can accurately penetrate to the desired sampling position on the riverbed.

[0065] As a preferred solution, Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, the water flow velocity detector includes a first flow velocity sensor 5, which is arranged on the sampling tube 101. The first flow velocity sensor 5 is used to detect the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube 101. The screw rod 302 is connected to a power device 402. The controller is connected to the first flow velocity sensor 5 and the power device 402. The controller controls the power device 402 to drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate according to the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube 101, the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101, so as to make the sampling tube 101 directly below the first slider 107. By setting up a first flow velocity sensor 5, the first flow velocity sensor 5 is used to detect the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube 101, so that the water flow velocity at the location of the sampling tube 101 can be accurately known. The controller can automatically control the operation of the power device 402 according to the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube 101, the rigidity of the sampling rod 102, the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101, so as to drive the sampling rod 102 to accurately rotate a certain angle, so that the sampling tube 101 can be directly below the first slider 107, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101.

[0066] As a preferred solution, Figure 2As shown, the water flow velocity detector also includes a second flow velocity sensor 401, which is arranged on the guide plate 202. The second flow velocity sensor 401 is used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. The controller controls the power device 402 to drive the sampling rod 102 to rotate according to the water flow velocity at the river surface, the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube 101, the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the depth of the sampling tube 101 inserted into the river surface, the diameter of the sampling rod 102, and the diameter and length of the sampling tube 101, so as to make the sampling tube 101 directly below the first slider 107. By setting the second flow velocity sensor 401, since the guide plate 202 is connected to the support part 104, under the action of the buoyancy of the support part 104, the second flow velocity sensor 401 on the guide plate 202 is at the river surface, and the second flow velocity sensor 401 is used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. Since the water body has a certain viscosity, the water flow velocity at the river surface and the river bottom is not the same, and the water flow velocity presents a certain water flow velocity gradient from the river surface to the river bottom. The water flow velocity on the river surface detected by the second flow velocity sensor 401 is combined with the first flow velocity sensor 5 The detected water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube 101 can roughly determine the distribution of water flow velocity from the river surface to the depth of the sampling tube 101. Combined with the distributed load of the sampling tube 101 and the sampling rod 102 and the stiffness of the sampling rod 102, the deformation of the sampling rod 102 can be more accurately determined, thereby more accurately controlling the action of the power device 402 and more accurately controlling the offset of the sampling tube 101, so as to more accurately compensate for the deformation of the sampling rod 102 caused by the bending force, thereby ensuring more accurate sampling of the sampling tube 101.

[0067] As a preferred solution, Figure 3 As shown, the turntable 201 is provided with a telescopic mechanism 9, which is connected to the first slider 107. The telescopic mechanism 9 is used to drive the first slider 107 to move radially along the sampling rod 102, thereby clamping the sampling rod 102 and the first slider 107. By providing the telescopic mechanism 9, before the support portion 104 floats to the sampling position, the telescopic mechanism 9 drives the first slider 107 to move radially along the sampling rod 102, thereby clamping the sampling rod 102. Then, after the support portion 104 floats to the sampling position, the telescopic mechanism 9 drives the first slider 107 to move in the opposite direction, thereby releasing the sampling rod 102. Under the action of the gravity of the sampling tube 101 and the sampling rod 102, the sampling tube 101 drives the sampling rod 102 to move downward until the sampling tube 101 moves to the bottom of the river.

[0068] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the driving block 301 is connected to a counterweight 8. When the river is stationary and the sampling rod 102 is in a vertical position, the center of gravity of the counterweight 8 is at the axis of the sampling rod 102. When the driving block 301 rotates the sampling rod 102, thereby driving the sampling tube 101 toward one end of the first through-slot 105, the driving block 301 drives the counterweight 8 toward the other end of the first through-slot 105. The counterweight 8 is used to prevent the support portion 104 from deflecting. When the river flow velocity is non-zero, the driving block 301 drives the sampling rod 102 to deflect to one side, thereby driving the sampling tube 101 toward one end of the first through-slot 105. The force exerted by the water flow on the sampling tube 101 and the sampling rod 102 is transmitted to the support portion 104 through the driving block 301, applying a torque to the support portion 104 that causes it to deflect, thereby causing the support portion 104 to deflect. This will affect the accuracy of the position of the sampling tube 101 after rotation. When the driving block 301 drives the sampling tube 101 to rotate toward the first through slot 105, the driving block 301 drives the counterweight 8 to move toward the other end of the first through slot 105, thereby changing the center of gravity of the counterweight 8 and offsetting the deflection torque on the support portion 104, thereby preventing the support portion 104 from deflecting and ensuring the accuracy of the position of the sampling tube 101.

[0069] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the support portion 104 is a disc-shaped structure. Setting the support portion 104 as a disc-shaped structure can increase the buoyancy of the support portion 104 while keeping its own weight unchanged, thereby providing sufficient support force to the driving mechanism and preventing the support portion 104 from deflecting, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of the sampling position of the sampling tube 101.

[0070] As a preferred solution, Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the support portion 104 is made of a honeycomb board. Using the honeycomb board to make the support portion 104 can reduce the weight of the support portion 104, thereby providing sufficient supporting force to the turntable 201, the guide plate 202 and the driving block 301 with a smaller volume.

[0071] As a preferred solution, Figure 3 As shown, the sampling rod 102 and the sampling tube 101 are detachably connected. The detachable connection between the sampling rod 102 and the sampling tube 101 can facilitate the disassembly and installation of the sampling tube 101, thereby facilitating the removal of the sample in the sampling tube 101.

[0072] As a preferred solution, Figure 2-Figure 6As shown, a sample tube 601 is provided in the sampling tube 101, and the sample tube 601 is coaxially arranged with the sampling tube 101. A sliding hole 602 is provided at the bottom end of the sampling rod 102 and is coaxial with the sampling tube 101. A piston 603 is slidably connected along the sliding hole 602, and the piston 603 is connected to the sample tube 601. A first air vent 604 is provided on the sampling rod 102, and the first air vent 604 is connected to an air control circuit. The sliding hole 602 is connected to the first air vent 604. When the air control circuit inflates the sliding hole 602, the piston 603 drives the sample tube 601 to extend out of the sampling tube 101. By setting up the sample tube 601, when the sampling tube 101 is lowered to the bottom of the river channel along with the sampling rod 102, the bottom end of the sampling tube 101 is in contact with the surface of the river bottom to form an isolated space in the tube hole of the sampling tube 101. Then, when the air control circuit introduces gas into the first air vent 604, the gas enters the sliding hole 602, thereby driving the piston 603 to move downward, and the piston 603 drives the sample tube 601 connected thereto to move downward to sample the bottom mud of the river. In this process, the sampling tube 101 is equivalent to a protective cover. Under the protection of the sampling tube 101, the sample tube 601 is in a closed space. At this time, when the sample tube 601 samples the bottom mud of the river, it can prevent the water flow from disturbing the sampling environment of the sample tube 601, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of the sediment sample taken.

[0073] As a preferred solution, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a second air vent 701 is provided on the piston 603, and the second air vent 701 is communicated with the sliding hole 602. A stop valve 702 is provided at the upper end of the second air vent 701, and the stop valve 702 is electrically connected to the controller. The lower end of the second air vent 701 is communicated with the tube hole of the sampling tube 101. When the stop valve 702 is opened, the air control circuit inflates the tube hole of the sampling tube 101. By setting the stop valve 702, when the sampling tube 101 is lowered to the riverbed, air is introduced into the first vent 604 through the air control circuit, and the stop valve 702 is opened. The air enters the second vent 701 through the stop valve 702, and then enters the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 to fill the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 with air. Due to the real-time adjustment of the driving mechanism, the axial direction of the sampling tube 101 remains roughly vertical. The combination of the two makes the sampling tube 101 play the role of a diving bell. At this time, as the sampling tube 101 descends to the riverbed, the area inside the sampling tube 101 is in a dry state. Therefore, the bottom mud in the area sampled by the sampling tube 601 is isolated from the water flow, thereby preventing the water flow from disturbing the sediment sample when the sampling tube 101 is sampling, thereby making the sediment sample taken more accurate.

[0074] As a preferred solution, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a water level meter is provided in the sampling tube 101 for detecting the water level in the sampling tube 101. The water level meter is electrically connected to the controller. When the water level in the sampling tube 101 exceeds a certain value, the controller controls the shutoff valve 702 to open and controls the pneumatic control circuit to operate, thereby inflating air into the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 to keep the water level in the sampling tube 101 below the set value. By providing the water level meter, the water level in the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 can be detected in real time. When the water level in the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 rises, the shutoff valve 702 is promptly controlled to open and the pneumatic control circuit is controlled to inflate air to replenish air into the tube hole of the sampling tube 101, thereby ensuring that the tube hole of the sampling tube 101 is always in a dry state.

[0075] As a preferred solution, Figure 1 As shown, a guide slip ring 10 is provided within the sampling tube 101, and the outer wall of the sample tube 601 is slidably connected to the sliding hole 602 of the guide slip ring 10. The guide slip ring 10 guides the movement of the sample tube 601, preventing the sample tube 601 from deflecting when inserted into the sediment, thereby further ensuring the accuracy of the sediment sample taken by the sample tube 601.

[0076] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling device, comprising a sampling tube (101) and a sampling rod (102), wherein the sampling tube (101) is connected to the lower end of the sampling rod (102), and is characterized in that: Also includes: The detection unit includes a depth detector (103) and a water flow velocity detector, wherein the depth detector (103) is provided at the bottom end of the sampling tube (101), the depth detector (103) is used to detect the depth of the sampling tube (101) inserted into the river surface, and the water flow velocity detector is used to detect the water flow velocity of the river; The support portion (104) floats on the river surface. The support portion (104) is provided with a first long through slot (105). The sampling rod (102) passes through the first through slot (105). A first slider (107) is provided on the inner wall of the first through slot (105). The sampling rod (102) is provided with a groove (106) along the length direction of the sampling rod (102). The first slider (107) is slidably connected in the groove (106). a driving mechanism, provided on the support portion (104), the driving mechanism being connected to the sampling rod, and being used to drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate around the first slider (107); A controller is connected to the depth detector (103) and the driving mechanism, wherein the controller calculates the uniform load q1 applied by the river to the sampling rod (102) based on the diameter D of the sampling rod (102) and the river flow velocity v, calculates the uniform load q2 applied by the river to the sampling tube (101) based on the diameter d of the sampling tube (101) and the river flow velocity v, calculates the bending amount δ1 of the sampling rod (102) based on the uniform load q1 applied to the sampling rod (102), the insertion depth L1 of the sampling rod (102) and the stiffness EI1, and calculates the bending amount δ1 of the sampling rod (102) based on the uniform load q2 applied to the sampling tube (101), the insertion depth L2 of the sampling tube (101) and the stiffness EI1. , the insertion depth L1 of the sampling rod (102) and the stiffness EI1 of the sampling rod (102) are used to calculate the deflection δ2 of the sampling tube (101) at the end of the sampling rod (102); the bending amount δ3 of the sampling tube (101) is calculated according to the uniformly distributed load q2 on the sampling tube (101), the insertion depth L2 of the sampling tube (101) and the stiffness EI2; and then the offset of the sampling tube (101) along the river flow direction is calculated according to δ1, δ2 and δ3; the controller controls the action of the driving mechanism according to the offset to drive the sampling rod (102) and the sampling tube (101) to rotate until the sampling tube (101) rotates to directly below the first slider (107).

2. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support portion (104) is connected to a connecting hole in a vertical direction, and a turntable (201) is rotatably connected in the connecting hole. The first through slot (105) and the driving mechanism are both provided on the turntable (201). A guide plate (202) is provided at the lower end of the turntable (201). The plane where the guide plate (202) is located is parallel to the length direction of the first through slot (105). The guide plate (202) is inserted into the river surface. Driven by the river, the guide plate (202) can drive the turntable (201) to rotate until the length direction of the first through slot (105) is parallel to the flow direction of the river.

3. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a driving block (301) and a screw rod (302); a bracket (303) is provided on the rotating disk (201); the driving block (301) is slidably connected to the bracket (303); a second through slot (304) and a threaded hole are provided on the driving block (301); the second through slot (304) is arranged parallel to the first through slot (105); a second slider (305) is provided on the inner wall of the second through slot (304); the second slider (305) is slidably connected to the groove (106) along the length direction of the groove (106); the second slider (305) can drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate around the first slider (107) through the groove (106); the screw rod (302) is rotatably connected to the bracket (303); the screw rod (302) is arranged parallel to the first through slot (105); and the screw rod (302) is connected to the threaded hole on the driving block (301).

4. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water flow velocity detector comprises a first flow velocity sensor (5), the first flow velocity sensor (5) being arranged on the sampling tube (101) and being used to detect the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube (101). The screw rod (302) is connected to a power device (402), and the controller is connected to the first flow velocity sensor (5) and the power device (402). The controller controls the power device (402) to operate according to the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube (101), the rigidity EI1 of the sampling rod (102), the depth L1 of the sampling rod (102) inserted into the river surface, the diameter D of the sampling rod (102), and the diameter d, insertion depth L2 and rigidity EI2 of the sampling tube (101), so as to drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate so that the sampling tube (101) is located directly below the first slider (107).

5. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water flow velocity detector further comprises a second flow velocity sensor (401), the second flow velocity sensor (401) being arranged on the guide plate (202), and the second flow velocity sensor (401) being used to detect the water flow velocity at the river surface. The controller controls the power device (402) to operate according to the water flow velocity at the river surface, the water flow velocity at the depth of the sampling tube (101), the rigidity EI1 of the sampling rod (102), the depth L1 of the sampling rod (102) inserted into the river surface, the diameter D of the sampling rod (102), and the diameter d, insertion depth L2 and rigidity EI2 of the sampling tube (101), so as to drive the sampling rod (102) to rotate, so that the sampling tube (101) is located directly below the first slider (107).

6. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A telescopic mechanism (9) is provided on the turntable (201), and the telescopic mechanism (9) is connected to the first slider (107). The telescopic mechanism (9) is used to drive the first slider (107) to move along the radial direction of the sampling rod (102), thereby clamping the sampling rod (102) and the first slider (107).

7. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving block (301) is connected to a counterweight block (8). When the river is in a stationary state and the sampling rod (102) is in a vertical state, the center of gravity of the counterweight block (8) is located at the axis of the sampling rod (102). When the driving block (301) drives the sampling rod (102) to rotate, thereby driving the sampling tube (101) to move toward one end of the first through slot (105), the driving block (301) drives the counterweight block (8) to move toward the other end of the first through slot (105). The counterweight block (8) is used to prevent the support portion (104) from deflecting.

8. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support portion (104) is a disc-shaped structure.

9. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support portion (104) is made of a honeycomb board.

10. The soil and water conservation runoff sediment sampling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling rod (102) and the sampling tube (101) are detachably connected.

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