Waveguide polarizer and its electronic device

Abstract

This application discloses a waveguide polarizer and its electronic device, which relates to the field of polarizer technology, including: a cylindrical waveguide and a corrugated gradient body on its inner wall. The unique corrugated gradient body of the application combined with the cylindrical waveguide can accurately control the phase difference between the orthogonal mode components to 90° without introducing complex geometric mutations, achieving TE 21 The ripple gradient body smoothly transitions between the cross-sections of the input and output ports, effectively eliminating reflection losses caused by interface abrupt changes. The phase delay of the orthogonal components is precisely controlled across a wide bandwidth, ensuring stable circularly polarized output. The modular nature of this structure allows for expansion to higher-order modes and other frequency bands, providing a universal solution for millimeter-wave communications, radar feed systems, and vacuum electronics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of polarizers, and in particular to a waveguide polarizer and electronic equipment thereof. Background Art

[0002] Millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands are key carriers of wireless communications and high-resolution imaging technologies, and their development is constrained by the inherent defects of traditional waveguide devices. Traditional mode conversion structures are prone to significant reflection losses due to geometric discontinuities, especially in the terahertz band, where small processing errors will further aggravate energy losses. Existing polarizers mostly rely on the resonance principle or symmetrical corrugation design. Their operating bandwidth is narrow and the phase control accuracy is limited, making it difficult to meet the needs of wideband operation. In addition, the stringent requirements of high-frequency band devices on processing accuracy make it difficult to achieve geometric continuity in traditional multi-segment splicing processes, and the superposition effect of conductor loss and dielectric loss further limits the power capacity, making it unsuitable for high-power application scenarios. Although some corrugated structure solutions have attempted to improve performance, their symmetrical design or single gradient parameter results in insufficient control of the orthogonal components, and the output rotation direction is fixed, lacking flexibility.

[0003] To address the above issues, there is an urgent need for a polarization converter with a compact structure, low reflection loss, easy manufacturing and support for wide-band operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a waveguide polarizer and its electronic equipment to solve the technical problems of difficult processing, low mode purity and reflection loss caused by the complex structure of traditional polarizers in high frequency bands.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present application proposes a waveguide polarizer, comprising:

[0006] Cylindrical waveguide with input and output ports for transmitting TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves, the TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves include linearly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves and circularly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves;

[0007] The corrugated gradient body is arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide. The corrugated gradient body is an asymmetric structure, and the cross section of the corrugated gradient body is smoothly transitioned with the cross section of the input port and the output port. The corrugated gradient body is used to convert the input linear polarization TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave and transmit it from the output port, or convert the input circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into linearly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves and transmits from the output port.

[0008] In one embodiment, the corrugated gradient body is used to convert the input TE 21 The mode electromagnetic wave is decomposed into two mutually orthogonal first components and second components;

[0009] The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component is in direct proportion to the phase difference between the first component and the second component.

[0010] In one embodiment, the corrugated gradient body includes a non-axisymmetric four-fold corrugated structure, and the four-fold corrugated structure gradually changes from the middle to the two ends.

[0011] In one embodiment, the four-fold corrugated structure changes continuously / segmentally from the middle to both ends, and the four-fold corrugated structure is used to continuously / segmentally change the radius of the cylindrical waveguide to change the propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component.

[0012] In one embodiment, the period and length of the four-fold corrugated structure are related to the TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave matching setup, when the linearly polarized TE 21 When the mode electromagnetic wave is input from the input port and propagates along the four-fold corrugated structure, the linearly polarized TE 21 The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component of the mode electromagnetic wave accumulates along the length of the four-fold corrugated structure, forming a circularly polarized TE with a phase difference of 90°. 21 mode electromagnetic waves and output them from the output port.

[0013] In one embodiment, the period and length of the four-fold corrugated structure are related to the TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave matching setting, when the circularly polarized TE 21 When the mode electromagnetic wave is input from the input port and propagates along the four-fold corrugated structure, the circularly polarized TE 21 The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component of the mode electromagnetic wave accumulates inversely along the length of the four-fold corrugated structure, forming a linear polarization TE with a phase difference of 0°. 21 mode electromagnetic waves and output them from the output port.

[0014] In one embodiment, the radius of the cylindrical waveguide is inversely proportional to the cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the cylindrical waveguide, and the radius of the cylindrical waveguide satisfies the following conditions:

[0015] The TE 21 The cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the mode is lower than the preset operating frequency;

[0016] Higher order than the TE 21 The cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the mode is higher than the preset operating frequency.

[0017] In one embodiment, the corrugated gradient body includes a transition section for connecting the four-fold corrugated structure with the input port and the output port of the cylindrical waveguide, and the cross-sectional shape of the transition section smoothly transitions from the circular shape of the input port or the output port to the four-fold corrugated structure.

[0018] In one embodiment, the waveguide polarizer is made of oxygen-free copper and filled with air. The waveguide polarizer is manufactured using a wire cutting process.

[0019] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present application also proposes an electronic device, comprising the waveguide polarizer as described above.

[0020] One or more technical solutions proposed in this application have at least the following technical effects:

[0021] The present invention consists of two parts: a cylindrical waveguide and a corrugated gradient body. The cylindrical waveguide serves as the core transmission channel, with an input port and an output port at both ends respectively for supporting TE 21 The transmission of mode electromagnetic waves includes two states: linear polarization and circular polarization. The corrugated gradient body is embedded in the inner wall of the waveguide. The unique corrugated gradient body combined with the cylindrical waveguide can accurately control the phase difference between the orthogonal mode components to 90° without introducing complex geometric mutations, achieving TE 21 The ripple gradient body smoothly transitions between the cross-sections of the input and output ports, effectively eliminating reflection losses caused by interface abrupt changes. The phase delay of the orthogonal components is precisely controlled across a wide bandwidth, ensuring stable circularly polarized output. The modular nature of this structure allows for expansion to higher-order modes and other frequency bands, providing a universal solution for millimeter-wave communications, radar feed systems, and vacuum electronics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a waveguide polarizer in this application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a waveguide polarizer of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of a waveguide polarizer of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of another embodiment of a waveguide polarizer of the present application.

[0028] Description of the accompanying figures: cylindrical waveguide 01, corrugated gradient body 02, four-fold corrugated structure 21.

[0029] The purpose, features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0031] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the following will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible implementation architecture, functions and operations of the systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, program segment, or part of the code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented with a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or can be implemented with a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0032] The modules described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in software or hardware, wherein the name of a module does not necessarily limit the unit itself.

[0033] This application proposes a waveguide polarizer, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0034] Cylindrical waveguide 01, with input port and output port, used to transmit TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves, the TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves include linearly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves and circularly polarized TE21 Mode electromagnetic waves;

[0035] The corrugated gradient body 02 is arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide. The corrugated gradient body 02 is an asymmetric structure, and the cross section of the corrugated gradient body 02 is smoothly transitioned with the cross section of the input port and the output port. The corrugated gradient body 02 is used to convert the input linear polarization TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave and transmit it from the output port, or convert the input circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into linearly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves and transmits from the output port.

[0036] More specifically, millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency bands, due to their unique physical properties, have become cutting-edge areas in modern wireless communications, imaging, and sensing technologies. Millimeter-wave frequencies range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 and 10 mm, placing them squarely in the transition zone between conventional microwaves and higher-frequency electromagnetic waves. Terahertz waves, on the other hand, span 0.1 THz to 10 THz (100 GHz to 10 THz), with wavelengths ranging from 30 microns to 3 mm, filling the "THz gap" between microwaves and infrared light. These two frequency bands combine the penetrating properties of microwaves with the high-resolution characteristics of light waves, but they also face numerous technical challenges. The core advantages of millimeter-wave and terahertz waves lie in their ultra-large bandwidth and high spatial resolution. Bandwidth directly determines the data transmission rate of communication systems. The available spectrum resources in the millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency bands far exceed those of conventional microwaves, providing the physical foundation for terabit-per-second transmission rates in 6G communications and high-speed wireless networks. In imaging and radar applications, the short wavelengths allow for highly focused beams, enabling precise detection of tiny targets or surface details. For example, terahertz imaging systems can penetrate clothing or packaging materials to reveal the outlines of hidden objects. Combined with molecular fingerprint recognition capabilities, they can be applied to security inspections, biomedical testing and other fields.

[0037] However, the physical properties of high-frequency electromagnetic waves also bring significant technical bottlenecks. Free-space path loss increases with the square of the frequency, resulting in a limited signal propagation distance. The coverage range of millimeter-wave communications is usually only a few hundred meters, and it is necessary to rely on dense base station deployment or directional beamforming technology to compensate for the loss. The demand for device miniaturization places stringent requirements on the processing technology: in the terahertz frequency band, the size of waveguides and components is reduced to sub-millimeter or even micron levels. Traditional mechanical processing is difficult to achieve high-precision structures, and photolithography or micro-nano manufacturing technology is expensive and inefficient. In addition, the skin effect of high-frequency current exacerbates conductor loss, and the polarization response delay of the dielectric material introduces additional loss, which restricts the efficiency and power capacity of the device.

[0038] In millimeter-wave and terahertz systems, waveguides serve as the core channel for electromagnetic wave transmission, and their performance directly affects the signal integrity of the entire system. As a key component of waveguide systems, waveguide polarizers perform the dual tasks of mode conversion and polarization control. In communication systems, they can convert linearly polarized signals into circularly polarized waves to reduce signal distortion caused by multipath effects. In radar and imaging systems, circularly polarized waves can suppress rain and fog scattering interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of target detection. Furthermore, polarizers can be used in polarization multiplexing technology, carrying independent data streams through different polarization states, exponentially increasing channel capacity. Traditional polarizers often rely on stepped waveguide cross-section mutations or resonant cavity coupling to achieve mode conversion, but these designs have serious flaws in the millimeter-wave and terahertz bands. Cross-section mutations can cause strong reflection losses, resulting in wasted signal energy and reduced system efficiency. The resonant cavity structure is extremely sensitive to frequency, making it difficult to meet the requirements of broadband operation.

[0039] In contrast, the asymmetric corrugated gradient waveguide proposed in this application avoids reflection loss and maintains stable conversion efficiency in a wide bandwidth through smooth geometric transition and precise phase control, becoming an ideal solution for high-frequency systems. The cylindrical waveguide 01 of this application has an input port and an output port for transmitting TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave, wherein the TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves include linearly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves and circularly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic wave. Linear polarization TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves and circularly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves are two polarization forms of electromagnetic waves based on the transverse electric (TE) mode, and their characteristics are determined by the waveguide structure design and the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field. 21 A mode indicates that the electric field distribution of an electromagnetic wave across the waveguide cross section has a specific symmetry. The subscripts "2" and "1" correspond to the number of field variations in the transverse direction of the waveguide (e.g., the wide and narrow sides of a rectangular waveguide), respectively.

[0040] Linear polarization TE 21 In this mode, the electric field vector vibrates in a fixed direction (such as horizontal or vertical direction), and the field distribution is manifested as two half-wavelength standing wave distributions (along the wide side) and one half-wavelength distribution (along the narrow side). The linear polarization mode is often used in scenarios that require directional energy transmission, such as radar feed systems, antenna feeds for satellite communications, etc. Its simple and controllable field distribution characteristics facilitate matching with the polarization direction of the antenna radiating unit, reducing polarization mismatch losses. In traditional rectangular waveguides, linearly polarized TE can be directly excited by selecting specific port excitation (such as the position of the probe or coupling slot). 21 Mode. The field distribution is determined by the waveguide geometry and the location of the excitation point. Circularly polarized TE 21 The mode is obtained by pairing two orthogonal linearly polarized TE21 For example, if two orthogonal linear polarization TE 21 The amplitudes of the components are equal and the phase difference is 90°. The vector endpoints of their synthetic electric fields rotate with time to form a circular trajectory, thus generating circular polarization. 21 The mode requires a complex coupling structure (such as asymmetric corrugation, etc.). The asymmetric corrugated gradient waveguide mentioned in this application may convert the linear polarization TE 21 The mode is efficiently converted to circular polarization, while simultaneously suppressing reflections and higher-order mode interference. Circularly polarized waves excel in resisting multipath interference and penetrating rain and fog, making them suitable for satellite communications (such as satellite-to-ground links), weather radar, and mobile communication systems. Furthermore, the circularly polarized TE21 mode can be used in polarization multiplexing technology to increase channel capacity.

[0041] When operating at high frequencies, such as in gyrotron traveling-wave amplifiers, polarization converters require low microwave reflection and a wide operating bandwidth. For example, in the lower terahertz range, fabrication becomes challenging due to the small size and high precision required. Therefore, polarizers with high performance and simple fabrication methods are desirable. Those with complex structures are difficult to fabricate for high-frequency applications. Circular waveguide polarizers have circular cross-sections at both the input and output. Their simple fabrication process and smooth shape make them suitable for high-frequency and high-power operation. Their operating principle is well-known: between these sections lies a waveguide with a non-axisymmetric cross-section, in which two mutually orthogonal modes 1 and 2 propagate simultaneously, with different propagation constants or axial wave numbers. Passing through the polarizer, these two modes acquire a phase difference Δφ. When Δφ = π / 2, an incident circularly polarized wave is converted to a linearly polarized wave, and vice versa.

[0042] The corrugated gradient body 02 is arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide. The corrugated gradient body 02 is an asymmetric structure, and the cross section of the corrugated gradient body 02 is smoothly transitioned with the cross section of the input port and the output port. The corrugated gradient body 02 is used to convert the input linear polarization TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave and transmit it from the output port, or convert the input circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into linearly polarized TE 21 The mode electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the output port. As the key functional unit of the waveguide inner wall, the innovation of this structure is reflected in the deep coupling of the three-dimensional spatial gradient characteristics and the polarization synthesis mechanism, realizing linear polarization and circular polarization TE 21Efficient bidirectional conversion of modes while ensuring the stability of energy transmission within a wide band. More specifically, the corrugated gradient body 02 presents an asymmetric periodic distribution along the axial direction of the waveguide, and its geometric parameters (such as corrugation depth, groove spacing, and tilt angle) are gradient-optimized according to the law of electromagnetic field phase evolution. The cross-sectional shape of each corrugated unit transitions continuously from the input port to the output port, introducing a controllable spatial phase gradient on the waveguide cross section. The axial gradient of the corrugation depth affects the equivalent refractive index distribution of electromagnetic wave propagation, while the rotational change of the tilt angle exerts a directional torsional effect on the electric field vector. Through the synergistic effect of the two, the structure can dynamically adjust the TE on the transmission path. 21 The field distribution of the mode provides the geometric basis for polarization conversion.

[0043] When the linear polarization TE 21 When the mode enters the corrugation gradient region, the asymmetric corrugation unit decomposes the original linear polarization field into two orthogonal components through the spatially selective coupling effect. Since the corrugation tilt angle rotates continuously along the propagation direction, these two orthogonal components are subjected to differential phase delays during transmission: the spiral progressive arrangement of the corrugation causes the phase of one component to produce a cumulative offset relative to the other component. When the phase difference reaches 90°, the two orthogonal linear polarization components synthesize a circularly polarized TE at the output port. 21 This process does not require external phase shifting devices, and relies entirely on the gradual change characteristics of the corrugated geometric parameters to achieve phase control. On the contrary, when the circularly polarized TE 21 When the mode is input in reverse, the spatial filtering characteristics of the corrugated structure decouple the circularly polarized component with the opposite rotation direction into a linearly polarized field, and restore the original linear polarization state through phase resynchronization. The asymmetric design of the corrugated gradient body 02 has electromagnetic reciprocity characteristics, and its polarization conversion function is valid in both forward and reverse transmission. This bidirectional compatibility stems from the fact that the geometric parameters of the structure are strictly constrained to satisfy the Lorentz reciprocity theorem: the gradient rate and phase compensation amount of the corrugation are symmetrically distributed in space, ensuring that the electromagnetic wave can experience an equivalent polarization control path regardless of whether it is incident from the input or output port. In addition, the degree of asymmetry of the corrugated unit has been optimized to suppress the interference of the reverse reflected wave on the conversion efficiency, allowing the structure to simultaneously assume the dual functions of polarization generation and analysis in a duplex communication system.

[0044] Compared with the traditional polarizer that relies on the setting of multi-layer dielectrics or multi-stage phase-shifting networks, the corrugated gradient body 02 of the present application realizes polarization conversion through a single-stage physical structure, which significantly reduces insertion loss and processing complexity. The gradual transition characteristics of the corrugation give it wide-band adaptability and can cover multiple communication windows in the millimeter wave band. In the satellite feeding system, the design can be directly integrated into the antenna feed waveguide to achieve a compact layout of circularly polarized radiation and linearly polarized reception; at the radar front end, its fast polarization switching capability can improve anti-interference performance and target recognition accuracy. In addition, the geometric freedom of the asymmetric corrugation provides scalability for nano-scale processing in the terahertz band, showing its technical potential in the new generation of high-frequency communication systems. The present invention consists of two parts: a cylindrical waveguide 01 and a corrugated gradient body 02. The cylindrical waveguide 01 serves as the core transmission channel, with an input port and an output port at both ends respectively, which are used to support TE 21 The transmission of mode electromagnetic waves includes two states: linear polarization and circular polarization. The corrugated gradient body 02 is embedded in the inner wall of the waveguide. The unique corrugated gradient body 02 combined with the cylindrical waveguide 01 can accurately control the phase difference between the orthogonal mode components to 90° without introducing complex geometric mutations, achieving TE 21 The ripple gradient body 02 smoothly transitions between its cross-section and that of the input and output ports, effectively eliminating reflection losses caused by interface abrupt changes. It also precisely controls the phase delay of the orthogonal components across a wide bandwidth, ensuring stable circularly polarized output. The modular nature of this structure enables expansion to higher-order modes and other frequency bands, providing a universal solution for millimeter-wave communications, radar feed systems, and vacuum electronics.

[0045] In one embodiment, the corrugated gradient body 02 is used to convert the input TE 21 The mode electromagnetic wave is decomposed into two mutually orthogonal first and second components; wherein the propagation constant difference between the first and second components is directly proportional to the phase difference between the first and second components. In the embodiment, the corrugated gradient body 02 uses its asymmetric geometric structure to input TE 21 The mode electromagnetic wave reconstructs the spatial field, decomposing it into two orthogonal linearly polarized mode components (the first and second components). Dynamic polarization state conversion is achieved by controlling the difference in their propagation constants. It is important to note that the first and second components here are different expressions of the same concept as the simultaneous propagation of the two mutually orthogonal modes 1 and 2 mentioned above.

[0046] When TE 21When the mode electromagnetic wave enters the corrugation gradient region, the asymmetric corrugation unit forms a periodic perturbation structure on the inner wall of the waveguide. These corrugations are gradually distributed in depth and tilt angle along the transmission path, resulting in anisotropy of the equivalent dielectric properties of the waveguide cross section in space. Specifically, the tilt direction of the corrugation forms a specific angle with the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave, which makes the original TE 21 The electric field of the mode is decomposed into two orthogonal components: the first component is distributed along the normal direction of the corrugation slope, and the second component is distributed along the tangential direction of the corrugation extension. Due to the asymmetric arrangement of the corrugations, the field distribution of the two components produces a differentiated coupling effect with the geometric boundary conditions of the waveguide, and thus evolves independently during the transmission process. Although the first and second components originate from the same TE 21 mode, but its electromagnetic characteristics are changed by the modulation of the corrugation structure. The electric field of the first component is mainly concentrated in the concave area of ​​the corrugation. Its propagation path is strongly affected by the gradual change of the corrugation depth. The equivalent refractive index is high, resulting in a relatively large propagation constant (β1). The electric field of the second component is distributed in the convex part of the corrugation, which is closer to the field distribution of the waveguide main mode and has a lower propagation constant (β2). This difference in propagation constant (Δβ = β1-β2) stems from the fact that the asymmetric corrugation imposes different constraints on the equivalent waveguide width of the two orthogonal components: the gradual change of the corrugation depth is equivalent to introducing an additional electrical length in a certain polarization direction, thereby changing the phase velocity of that component. This design makes the accumulated phase difference (Δφ = Δβ × L) of the two components at the same transmission distance linearly proportional to the difference in propagation constant, where L is the axial length of the corrugation gradient region.

[0047] When the linear polarization TE 21 After the wave is decomposed into the first and second components, the two produce a relative phase delay during propagation due to the existence of Δβ. As the electromagnetic wave moves along the ripple gradient area, the phase difference Δφ gradually accumulates. When Δφ reaches 90°, the endpoints of the composite electric field vector of the two orthogonal components rotate over time to form a circular trajectory, thereby converting linear polarization to circular polarization TE 21 mode. On the contrary, if the input is a circularly polarized wave, its inherent orthogonal component phase difference will be offset by the reverse phase modulation of the corrugated structure, and finally restored to a linearly polarized state. The key to this process is that the asymmetric geometric parameters of the corrugated gradient body 02 are precisely designed so that the product of Δβ and the axial length L strictly matches the target phase difference (such as 90°), thereby maximizing the polarization conversion efficiency. In summary, this embodiment achieves TE at the physical structure level through geometric control of the asymmetric corrugation. 21 The decoupling and phase management of the orthogonal mode components provide a fully passive, highly integrated solution for efficient polarization conversion. This design transforms complex electromagnetic field manipulation into precisely machined geometric features, significantly enhancing the device's practical value in millimeter-wave communications and radar systems.

[0048] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The dotted line in the middle is a cylindrical waveguide, and the solid line is a four-fold corrugation. The corrugated gradient body 02 includes a non-axisymmetric four-fold corrugated structure 21, which gradually changes from the middle to the two ends. The non-axisymmetric four-fold corrugated structure 21 constructs a polarization conversion carrier with adaptive phase control capability through the spatial coupling of multi-directional geometric deformation and gradient parameters. Its core feature is that the corrugated unit presents a four-segment broken line distribution along the axial direction of the waveguide, and each broken line segment follows the law of gradual change from the middle to the two ends in parameters such as depth, inclination angle and curvature radius, forming a unique electromagnetic field reconstruction path. The four-fold corrugated structure 21 is arranged asymmetrically along the circumference on the inner wall of the waveguide. The broken line segment in the middle area has the maximum corrugation depth and curvature radius. When transmitting to the two ends, the corrugation depth decreases step by step, and the curvature radius shrinks synchronously, forming a gradual profile similar to a "funnel". The inclination angle of each broken line segment rotates continuously along the axis, and the projection direction of the initial segment and the final segment on the waveguide cross section differs by a specific angle (such as 45° or 60°). This "dense in the middle and sparse at both ends" gradient design forms a smooth impedance transition in space, which not only suppresses the excitation of high-order modes but also ensures the continuity of the main mode field distribution. When TE 21 When the mode electromagnetic wave enters the four-fold corrugation region, its electric field vector interacts differently with the inclined surfaces of each fold line segment. The deep corrugations in the middle region decompose the original linear polarization field into two orthogonal components through the strong coupling effect: the first component is distributed along the normal direction of the middle fold line segment, and its propagation path is dominated by the depth gradient; the second component extends along the tangent direction of the adjacent fold line segment and is modulated by the tilt angle rotation. As the wave propagates forward, the ripples that gradually become shallower at both ends gradually reduce the constraint strength on the electric field vector, making the field distribution of the two components tend to be independent. The non-axisymmetric characteristics of the four-fold structure ensure that the decomposed orthogonal components occupy different spatial phase regions on the cross section, laying the foundation for the subsequent phase difference accumulation.

[0049] The middle gradient of the four-fold corrugation strikes a balance between electromagnetic performance and mechanical strength: the strong coupling in the middle region improves the mode conversion efficiency, while the weak coupling of the gradient at both ends reduces the port reflection. The non-coplanar arrangement of the four-fold corrugation can flexibly adjust the polarization conversion bandwidth: by increasing the number of fold line segments or optimizing the gradient, the stability of Δβ can be maintained within a wide bandwidth. In addition, the multiple degrees of freedom of the four-fold structure are compatible with a variety of processing technologies and are suitable for compact integration in the millimeter wave band. In dual-polarization communication systems, this structure can be further expanded into a dual-channel four-fold corrugation to achieve bidirectional switching of left / right circular polarization, providing high-isolation feeding support for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays.

[0050] In one embodiment, the four-fold corrugated structure 21 exhibits a continuous or segmented gradient from the center toward the ends. This structure is used to continuously or segmentally change the radius of the cylindrical waveguide 01, thereby altering the propagation constant difference between the first and second components. The four-fold corrugated structure 21 is composed of four groups of asymmetrically distributed corrugated units, whose geometric parameters gradually change from the center toward the ends along the waveguide axis. In the continuous gradient mode, the depth, inclination, and curvature of the corrugated units change stepwise in a smooth transition, resulting in a continuous shrinkage or spiral twisting of the equivalent radius of the waveguide's inner wall. This variation causes the waveguide's cutoff frequency to gradually change along the transmission direction. In the segmented gradient mode, the corrugated units are divided into several discrete segments. Within each segment, the corrugation parameters remain constant, but adjacent segments suddenly undergo different geometric characteristics, resulting in a step-like jump in the equivalent radius at specific axial positions. Whether continuous or segmented, the core purpose of both is to differentially influence the propagation paths of the first and second components by changing the lateral constraints of the waveguide. The equivalent radius of the cylindrical waveguide 01 directly affects its cutoff frequency and mode propagation characteristics. The gradient design of the four-fold corrugated structure 21 reshapes the electromagnetic field distribution through the following mechanism: In the middle region, the corrugation depth is greatest and the equivalent radius is smallest, enhancing the cutoff effect on high-frequency components. At this point, the field of the first component (strongly coupled to the corrugation normal direction) is compressed to the center of the waveguide, significantly increasing its propagation constant. The second component (distributed along the tangential direction of the corrugation) diffuses into the corrugation depression, extending its equivalent propagation path and reducing its propagation constant. At the two end regions, the corrugation depth gradually decreases or decreases in sections, and the equivalent radius gradually returns to the standard waveguide dimensions. The field confinement of the first component is weakened, reducing the propagation constant. The field of the second component refocuses toward the waveguide wall, causing the propagation constant to increase. Through this asymmetric radius gradient, the propagation constant difference Δβ between the two components is dynamically adjusted during transmission, and the cumulative phase difference increases nonlinearly with axial position.

[0051] Continuous Gradual Variation: A smooth transition of the corrugation parameters keeps the rate of change of the equivalent radius constant or gradually changes along the axial direction. The Δβ of the first and second components accumulates approximately linearly with transmission distance, and the phase difference exhibits a quadratic function. This design is suitable for broadband systems, ensuring a weak frequency dependence of Δβ across a wide frequency band, reducing the frequency sensitivity of polarization conversion performance.

[0052] Segmented Gradient: The ripple region is divided into multiple subsegments, each with a fixed equivalent radius. The abrupt changes between adjacent subsegments form discrete transition points of Δβ. By properly designing the length and radius transitions of each subsegment, a stepped phase accumulation curve can be constructed. This design is more suitable for multi-frequency optimization scenarios, achieving precise Δβ matching within a specific frequency band. However, this trade-off comes with the increased insertion loss caused by step reflections.

[0053] The continuous gradient structure requires high processing accuracy, but its non-mutational characteristics can suppress high-order mode excitation and reduce port reflections, making it particularly suitable for high-efficiency transmission in the millimeter wave band; the segmented gradient simplifies the processing complexity through discrete parameter jumps, making it easy to adjust the phase accumulation rate through modular design, and is suitable for rapid prototyping or multi-condition adaptation scenarios. In addition, the non-axisymmetry of the four-fold corrugation allows the integration of orthogonal gradient paths in a single waveguide. For example, continuous gradient is used in the first half of the cycle to optimize broadband performance, and segmented gradient is used in the second half of the cycle to achieve frequency band selection, thereby constructing a hybrid polarization converter with both wideband and narrowband advantages. In dual-polarization communication systems, such structures can be further coupled with mode filters to achieve coordinated management of polarization diversity and frequency reuse.

[0054] In one embodiment, the period and length of the four-fold corrugated structure 21 are related to the TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave matching setup, when the linearly polarized TE 21 When the mode electromagnetic wave is input from the input port and propagates along the four-fold corrugated structure 21, the linear polarization TE 21 The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component of the mode electromagnetic wave accumulates along the length of the four-fold corrugated structure 21, forming a circularly polarized TE with a phase difference of 90°. 21 The four-fold corrugated structure 21 achieves the same effect as TE by optimizing its period and axial length. 21 The propagation characteristics of the mode electromagnetic waves are deeply matched, so that the conversion process from linear polarization to circular polarization is embedded in the geometric deformation of the waveguide.

[0055] Periodic parameters of four-fold corrugation and TE 21 The wavelength characteristics of the mode are closely related. The repetition interval of the corrugation unit along the axial direction is set to TE 21The length of the corrugated structure is an integer fraction of the mode's guided wavelength, ensuring synchronous resonance with the corrugated structure during transmission. This periodic arrangement enhances the corrugation's ability to modulate the electromagnetic field through the Bragg scattering effect, spatially decoupling the propagation paths of the first and second components. The total corrugation length is designed inversely based on the target phase difference (90°): a theoretical model is used to calculate the integral curve of the propagation constant difference (Δβ) along the axial direction, determining the minimum structural length that satisfies Δβ × L = π / 2. This length matching principle ensures polarization conversion within a confined space while minimizing energy loss and mode distortion caused by excessively long transmission paths. When a linearly polarized TE21 wave is input, the two orthogonal components of its electric field vector undergo differential phase shifts under the periodic perturbations of the four-fold corrugation. Due to strong coupling with the corrugation normal direction, the first component's equivalent propagation path is deeply modulated by the corrugation, reducing its phase velocity and increasing the propagation constant β1. The second component propagates tangentially to the corrugation, where its field distribution is less affected by the periodic pattern and the propagation constant β2 is relatively stable. As the electromagnetic wave propagates along the four-fold structure of matching length, the phase difference between the two components, Δφ = (β1−β2)L, accumulates linearly. The resonant nature of the ripple period ensures that Δβ remains approximately constant over a wide frequency band, reducing the sensitivity of the phase difference to frequency variations. When the wave reaches the output port, the accumulated phase difference reaches precisely 90°, and the spatiotemporal composite trajectory of the two-component electric field vectors forms a circularly polarized characteristic. The process is as follows:

[0056] The initial phase difference of the input linearly polarized TE21 wave is zero, and its electric field oscillates linearly in the cross section. After entering the four-fold ripple region, the periodic pattern reconstructs the field distribution through the following steps:

[0057] The asymmetric ripple decomposes the linear polarization field into two orthogonal components, whose electric field peaks are distributed along the normal and tangential directions of the ripple, forming basic modes that are orthogonal in space but identical in time.

[0058] The matching period and length keep the propagation constant difference Δβ between the two components non-zero and stable during transmission, resulting in the phase velocity difference between the two being amplified by the axial length.

[0059] At the output port, the two components meet the circular polarization condition because Δφ=90°, and the endpoints of their synthetic electric field vector rotate at the electromagnetic wave frequency to form a standard circularly polarized TE 21 This process achieves fully passive polarization conversion by locking the geometric parameters of the four-fold structure without the need for external phase shifters or impedance matching networks.

[0060] In one embodiment, the period and length of the four-fold corrugated structure 21 are related to the TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave matching setting, when the circularly polarized TE 21 When the mode electromagnetic wave is input from the input port and propagates along the four-fold corrugated structure 21, the circularly polarized TE 21The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component of the mode electromagnetic wave accumulates inversely along the length of the four-fold corrugated structure 21, forming a linear polarization TE with a phase difference of 0°. 21 The mode electromagnetic wave is output from the output port. Although the period and length of the four-fold ripple are the same as those in the forward propagation, the spatial distribution of its gradient parameters is direction-dependent. Specifically, during forward propagation, Δβ increases linearly with length, while during reverse propagation, it is equivalent to a negative gradient distribution of Δβ, resulting in a phase difference decreasing along the axial direction. The asymmetric gradient characteristics of the structure become the core physical basis for realizing the reverse function. Input circularly polarized TE 21 The two orthogonal components of the wave have a fixed initial phase difference of 90°. When the wave enters the counter-propagating four-fold corrugation region, the interaction between its electric field component and the corrugated structure changes as follows:

[0061] At the input port, the electric field vector of the circularly polarized wave rotates at the angular frequency. After entering the four-fold corrugation, the asymmetric structure decomposes the rotating field into two orthogonal standing wave components, whose spatial distribution is locked to the normal and tangential axes of the corrugation.

[0062] During reverse propagation, the ripple's gradient parameters exert opposite modulation on the phase velocities of the two components. The phase velocity of the first component increases due to the increase in the waveguide's equivalent radius, while the phase velocity of the second component decreases due to path optimization. The difference between the two phase velocities gradually converges along the axial direction.

[0063] At the output port, the time phase difference between the two components is completely compensated, and the amplitude of the electric field vectors oscillates along a fixed direction after superposition, reconstructing into linearly polarized TE 21 This process is precisely controlled by the geometric parameters of the structure and does not rely on external phase correction components.

[0064] In one embodiment, the radius of the cylindrical waveguide 01 is inversely proportional to the cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave it transmits, and the radius of the cylindrical waveguide 01 satisfies the following conditions: 21 The cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the mode is lower than the preset operating frequency; higher than the TE 21 The cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the mode is higher than the preset operating frequency. The cutoff frequency of the cylindrical waveguide 01 is determined by the mathematical relationship between its radius and the mode eigenvalue: when the radius increases, the cutoff frequency of a specific mode decreases in inverse proportion. 21 mode, the Bessel function derivative value corresponding to its cutoff frequency is fixed. When the waveguide radius is set to be slightly larger than the theoretical critical value of the mode, its cutoff frequency will be compressed below the preset operating frequency, making TE 21 The wave is in the propagation state. At the same time, the higher order modes (such as TE 31 TE 41The eigenvalues ​​of high-order modes (e.g., λ ...

[0065] The optimized design of waveguide radius creates a dual effect of “passband-stopband” in the frequency domain: TE 21 Mode passband: When the operating frequency is higher than TE 21 At the cutoff frequency, the mode meets the propagation conditions, its electromagnetic field forms a stable standing wave distribution in the waveguide, and the energy is transmitted along the axial direction without attenuation. High-order mode stopband: all orders higher than TE 21 The mode (such as T E31 ,TM 22 Because their cutoff frequencies are above the operating frequency band, they cannot generate an effective propagation field and exist only as evanescent waves, rapidly decaying over short distances. This mode suppression eliminates the need for additional filtering structures and achieves physical-level mode purification simply through waveguide geometry, reducing system complexity. This mechanism fundamentally avoids problems such as field distribution distortion and group delay fluctuations caused by multimode interference, making it particularly suitable for applications such as polarization conversion and beamforming, where phase consistency is critical.

[0066] The waveguide radius is coupled with the four-fold corrugation structure21: While maintaining single-mode transmission, the asymmetric corrugation introduces a propagation constant difference, enabling polarization conversion without triggering higher-order mode interference. For broadband systems, segmented radius designs (such as stepped waveguides) can be used to assign different cutoff frequencies to different axial regions, achieving band-selective mode filtering. In the millimeter-wave / terahertz bands, high-precision micromachining techniques are used to control submillimeter radius tolerances, addressing the screening challenges associated with shrinking mode spacing in high-frequency bands and ensuring efficient utilization of high-density spectrum resources. In summary, thresholding the waveguide radius transforms electromagnetic mode manipulation into a geometric constraint problem, creating a natural frequency-selective barrier through an inverse proportional relationship. This "structure for performance" design concept not only simplifies the architectural complexity of high-frequency systems but also improves mode stability at a physical level, providing fundamental support for performance breakthroughs in next-generation communications and radar systems. This methodology can be further extended to cutting-edge fields such as photonic crystal waveguides and topological insulator transmission lines, driving multi-dimensional innovation in electromagnetic wave manipulation technology.

[0067] In one embodiment, the corrugated gradient body 02 includes a transition section that connects the four-fold corrugated structure 21 with the input and output ports of the cylindrical waveguide 01. The cross-sectional shape of the transition section smoothly transitions from the circular shape of the input or output port to the four-fold corrugated structure 21. The axial cross-sectional deformation of the transition section follows a nonlinear parameterized trajectory, gradually decoupling the axisymmetric geometry of the circular waveguide into the asymmetric topological structure of the four-fold corrugation. While the initial end maintains the constant curvature of a standard circular waveguide, the radius of curvature gradually decreases along the transmission direction according to a piecewise polynomial function, forming four sets of symmetrically distributed arcuate ridges. The ridge spacing varies with axial position, ultimately seamlessly integrating with the periodic pattern of the four-fold corrugation. The corrugated groove depth gradually increases from zero at the beginning of the transition section (corresponding to a smooth circular waveguide), with the rate of increase following an exponential ramp, avoiding local field strength distortion caused by sudden changes in groove depth. As the groove depth approaches the main four-fold corrugated structure, the rate of change slows and matches the parameters of the main structure. The inclination angles of the four groups of ridges rotate from zero degrees (radially symmetrical) to the target angle within the transition section. The rotation process adopts a spiral progressive method to ensure a smooth transition of the electromagnetic coupling strength between adjacent ridges.

[0068] Gradual deformation suppresses the mode coupling effect caused by cross-section abrupt changes. 21 The electric field extreme value distribution of the mode slowly deviates from the radial symmetry axis along the transition section, and gradually locks to the normal and tangential components of the four-fold ripple to avoid exciting TE 11 ,TM 01 Low-order interference modes. Each micro-element cross-section of the transition section is equivalent to a local impedance converter, whose characteristic impedance changes continuously along the axial direction, forming a matching chain with the standard waveguide impedance at the input / output end, suppressing the reflection coefficient to an extremely low level. The periodic perturbation of the four-fold corrugation is preloaded in the transition section in a sub-periodic form, causing the two orthogonal components of the electromagnetic wave to produce a small phase shift difference in advance. This premodulation process reduces the phase jump at the entrance of the main structure and ensures the axial consistency of the polarization conversion efficiency. In summary, the transition section serves as a "mode adaptation bridge" between the four-fold corrugation structure 21 and the standard waveguide. Through the multi-dimensional collaborative design of geometry, electromagnetics and mechanics, the complex field distribution conversion process is decomposed into a gradual and controllable micro-evolution. Its value is not only reflected in reducing insertion loss and mode interference, but also in laying a physical foundation for the manufacturability, environmental adaptability and functional scalability of high-frequency systems, becoming a common technical support for achieving high-performance transmission links in fields such as millimeter wave communications and high-resolution radar.

[0069] In one embodiment, the waveguide polarizer is made of oxygen-free copper and filled with air. The waveguide polarizer is manufactured using a wire cutting method.

[0070] The extremely high conductivity of oxygen-free copper makes it an ideal carrier for waveguide structures in the millimeter wave band. The high-frequency current is concentrated on the surface of the conductor. The low resistance of oxygen-free copper significantly reduces the ohmic loss within the skin depth, ensuring TE 21 The transmission efficiency of the mode is improved. The purity of its grain boundaries reduces electron scattering, further suppressing increases in surface impedance. The high thermal conductivity of oxygen-free copper (OFCC) rapidly dissipates local Joule heating, preventing material softening or deformation caused by temperature rise and maintaining the stability of the corrugation period parameters. Chemical polishing or electroplating processes can create a nanoscale finish on the OFCC surface, reducing electromagnetic wave scattering losses caused by surface roughness while enhancing resistance to environmental oxidation. This embodiment uses oxygen-free copper (OFHC) to reduce high-frequency transmission losses and improve conductivity. Air's extremely low dielectric loss tangent eliminates energy dissipation caused by dielectric polarization relaxation, ensuring high-Q transmission and precise phase control. Air's dispersion curve flatness is superior to that of solid dielectrics, broadening the operating bandwidth and reducing the frequency-sensitive propagation constant gradient deviation of the four-fold corrugated structure. Air filling eliminates dielectric support structures, reducing mechanical complexity and allowing the integration of heat sink fins or a packaging housing on the waveguide's outer wall, increasing system power capacity. Multi-axis wire cutting accurately reproduces the four-fold corrugation's gradual groove depth, asymmetric inclination angle, and continuously varying curvature of the transition section, minimizing topographical errors between the design model and the actual structure. Microsecond pulse discharge and deionized water cooling synergize to limit the thickness of the heat-affected zone to micrometers, avoiding the lattice distortion caused by traditional machining and maintaining the material's intrinsic conductivity. Integrated machining of special-shaped ports: The input / output port flange, transition cone, and main corrugation structure can be machined in a single clamping operation, eliminating alignment deviations and contact loss associated with multiple splicing steps.

[0071] In this embodiment, the oxygen-free copper cavity undergoes a passivation treatment to form a dense cuprous oxide film, preventing surface impedance degradation caused by cavity corrosion in humid environments. The residual stress distribution introduced by wire cutting is adapted to the mechanical topology of the four-fold corrugation. Under temperature cycling loads, the corrugation angle and groove depth produce synergistic elastic deformation, partially offsetting phase errors caused by thermal expansion. The air-filled cavity adopts a fully sealed structure, with micron-grade metal filters added at the inlet and outlet to prevent partial discharge or field distribution disturbances caused by the intrusion of external particles.

[0072] In addition, the present application also proposes an electronic device, including the waveguide polarizer as described above. The waveguide polarizer includes a cylindrical waveguide 01 having an input port and an output port for transmitting TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves, the TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves include linearly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves and circularly polarized TE 21Mode electromagnetic wave; The corrugated gradient body 02 is arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide, the corrugated gradient body 02 is an asymmetric structure, and the cross section of the corrugated gradient body 02 is smoothly transitioned with the cross section of the input port and the output port, and the corrugated gradient body 02 is used to convert the input linear polarization TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave and transmit it from the output port, or convert the input circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into linearly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves and transmits from the output port.

[0073] The present invention consists of two parts: a cylindrical waveguide 01 and a corrugated gradient body 02. The cylindrical waveguide 01 serves as the core transmission channel, with an input port and an output port at each end, respectively, to support the transmission of TE21 mode electromagnetic waves, including linear polarization and circular polarization. The corrugated gradient body 02 is embedded in the inner wall of the waveguide. The unique corrugated gradient body 02 combined with the cylindrical waveguide 01 can accurately control the phase difference between the orthogonal mode components to 90° without introducing complex geometric mutations, thereby realizing the conversion between the linear polarization and circular polarization modes of the TE21 mode electromagnetic wave. In addition, the cross-section of the corrugated gradient body 02 smoothly transitions with the cross-sections of the input port and the output port, effectively eliminating the reflection loss caused by the interface mutation, while precisely controlling the phase delay of the orthogonal components within a wide bandwidth to ensure stable circular polarization output. The modular nature of this structure makes it scalable to high-order modes and other frequency bands, providing a universal solution for millimeter-wave communications, radar feeding systems, and vacuum electronic devices. Especially in gyrotron traveling wave amplifiers, their compactness and low reflection characteristics can improve the overall efficiency and bandwidth performance of the system, providing key technical support for the practical application of terahertz technology.

[0074] The above description is only part of the embodiments of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A waveguide polarizer, characterized in that include: Cylindrical waveguide with input and output ports for transmitting TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves, the TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves include linearly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves and circularly polarized TE 21 Mode electromagnetic waves; The corrugated gradient body is arranged on the inner wall of the waveguide. The corrugated gradient body is an asymmetric structure, and the cross section of the corrugated gradient body is smoothly transitioned with the cross section of the input port and the output port. The corrugated gradient body is used to convert the input linear polarization TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave and transmit it from the output port, or convert the input circularly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave is converted into linearly polarized TE 21 mode electromagnetic waves and transmits them from the output port; The corrugated gradient body includes a non-axisymmetric four-fold corrugated structure, which gradually changes from the middle to the two ends. The four-fold corrugated structure gradually changes from the middle to the two ends continuously / segmentally. The four-fold corrugated structure is used to continuously / segmentally change the radius of the cylindrical waveguide to change the propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component.

2. The waveguide polarizer according to claim 1, wherein The corrugated gradient body is used to convert the input TE 21 The mode electromagnetic wave is decomposed into two mutually orthogonal first components and second components; The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component is in direct proportion to the phase difference between the first component and the second component.

3. The waveguide polarizer according to claim 1, wherein The period and length of the four-fold corrugated structure are related to the TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave matching setup, when the linearly polarized TE 21 When the mode electromagnetic wave is input from the input port and propagates along the four-fold corrugated structure, the linearly polarized TE 21 The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component of the mode electromagnetic wave accumulates along the length of the four-fold corrugated structure, forming a circularly polarized TE with a phase difference of 90°. 21 mode electromagnetic waves and output them from the output port.

4. The waveguide polarizer according to claim 1, wherein The period and length of the four-fold corrugated structure are related to the TE 21 mode electromagnetic wave matching setting, when the circularly polarized TE 21 When the mode electromagnetic wave is input from the input port and propagates along the four-fold corrugated structure, the circularly polarized TE 21 The propagation constant difference between the first component and the second component of the mode electromagnetic wave accumulates inversely along the length of the four-fold corrugated structure, forming a linear polarization TE with a phase difference of 0°. 21 mode electromagnetic waves and output them from the output port.

5. The waveguide polarizer according to claim 1, wherein The radius of the cylindrical waveguide is inversely proportional to the cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the cylindrical waveguide, and the radius of the cylindrical waveguide satisfies the following conditions: The TE 21 The cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the mode is lower than the preset operating frequency; Higher order than the TE 21 The cutoff frequency of the electromagnetic wave of the mode is higher than the preset operating frequency.

6. The waveguide polarizer according to claim 3, wherein The corrugated gradient body includes a transition section for connecting the four-fold corrugated structure with the input port and the output port of the cylindrical waveguide, and the cross-sectional shape of the transition section smoothly transitions from the circular shape of the input port or the output port to the four-fold corrugated structure.

7. The waveguide polarizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The waveguide polarizer is made of oxygen-free copper and filled with air. The waveguide polarizer is manufactured by a wire cutting processing method.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising a waveguide polarizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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