Excavating and seedling turning machine

Abstract

The invention provides a digging and seedling turning machine, and relates to the technical field of crop seedling turning. The frame is connected with a material pressing roller and a material conveying mechanism, the material pressing roller is arranged in front of the material conveying mechanism, the end, away from the material pressing roller, of the material conveying mechanism is obliquely arranged upwards, and a material shoveling plate is arranged between the material conveying pipe and the material conveying mechanism; the conveying mechanism comprises transmission chains connected to the frame, a conveying rod is connected between the two transmission chains, and triangular stirring teeth are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the conveying rod; the frame is rotationally connected with rotating shafts behind the conveying mechanism, the rotating shafts are arranged at the left end and the right end of the frame, the ends, close to each other, of the two rotating shafts are arranged downwards in an inclined mode, and the rotating shafts are provided with a plurality of turning wheels in an array mode in the axial direction; the outer side face of the material pressing roller is fixedly connected with a plurality of supporting wheels, and the supporting wheels are arranged in the axial direction of the material pressing roller. The device has the effects of guaranteeing more stable operation of the frame and improving the stability of the depth of the shoveling plate shoveling into the field ridge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop turning, and particularly relates to a digging and turning machine. Background Art

[0002] A digging and turning machine is an agricultural machine dedicated to peanut harvesting, and its core functions are turning operation and harvesting integration. That is, through mechanical devices (such as grippers, flipping mechanisms, etc.), the peanut plant stems are pulled out of the soil and flipped, cutting off the contact between the aerial roots and the soil, and facilitating subsequent root separation at the same time. Integrating processes such as supporting the seedlings, digging and loosening the soil, clamping and conveying, shaking the soil, and fruit picking, the turning and harvesting are completed synchronously, reducing the fruit leakage rate and improving the operation efficiency. In modern agricultural production, the crop digging and turning operation is a key link to ensure the harvesting efficiency and quality. With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization, a set of scientific and efficient operation processes for digging and turning equipment has emerged, greatly improving the modernization level of agricultural production.

[0003] For example, in a Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN222216475U and the name of a hanging peanut soil-shaking and turning machine, the whole turning machine is driven by a tractor to move, and then the motor is started. The rotating picker picks up the peanut seedlings on the ground, and conveys the peanut seedlings to the peanut roller frame through the rotation of the picker. The peanut seedlings are shaken and loosened by the peanut roller pieces on the peanut roller frame. The transmission wheel drives the tooth-pulling disc to rotate. During the rotation of the tooth-pulling disc, it will mesh back and forth with the tooth-rolling guide rail inside the lifting frame, thereby driving the lifting frame to perform reciprocating lifting motion. Then, the soil-loosening and hitting shaft at the bottom of the lifting frame directly contacts the peanut seedling rhizomes and beats the soil on them. The fallen soil directly falls to the ground, and the peanut seedlings continue to be flipped under the support of multiple main shafts following the peanut roller frame until they are turned over and arranged on the ground for drying.

[0004] In view of the above related technologies, during the process of picking peanuts, since there are multiple ridges on the ridge, the ridge presents a wavy shape with ups and downs. When the vehicle frame drives the pressure roller to move, the pressure roller will produce an up-and-down phenomenon when it abuts against the ridge. The uneven ground causes the cutting depth of the machine blade to be unstable: the tillage depth is insufficient at high places, and uncut roots or weeds may be left; the tillage depth is too deep at low places, and the crop roots are easily cut or damaged. In addition, the frequent up-and-down vibration aggravates the metal fatigue of the core components such as the blade and the transmission chain, shortening the service life of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a digging and turning machine, aiming to solve the problem that the pressure roller will produce an up-and-down phenomenon when it abuts against the ridge, and the uneven ground causes the cutting depth of the machine blade to be unstable.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a digging and turning machine, which includes a frame; a pressing roller and a feeding mechanism are connected to the frame. The pressing roller is arranged in front of the feeding mechanism, and one end of the feeding mechanism away from the pressing roller is arranged obliquely upward. A shoveling plate is arranged between the feeding pipe and the feeding mechanism; the feeding mechanism includes a transmission chain connected to the frame. The transmission chain is arranged on the left and right sides of the frame. A transport rod is connected between the two transmission chains. A triangular stirring tooth is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the transport rod; a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the frame behind the feeding mechanism. The rotating shaft is arranged at the left and right ends of the frame, and one end of the two rotating shafts close to each other is arranged obliquely downward. A plurality of turning wheels are arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft in an array; a supporting wheel is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the pressing roller, and a plurality of supporting wheels are arranged along the axial direction of the pressing roller.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when the frame drives the pressing roller to move, the supporting wheel supports the pressing roller when rotating along the ridge ditch, reducing the amplitude of the up and down fluctuation of the pressing roller. Since there is a distance between the pressing roller and the shoveling plate, at the same moment, the up and down fluctuation heights of the pressing roller and the shoveling plate are not equal, making it difficult for the shoveling plate to shovel the material into the soil to the corresponding depth according to the height of the ridge slope in front. The supporting wheel supports the pressing roller, making the frame run more smoothly and reducing the negative impact of the up and down movement of the frame on the depth of the shoveling plate shoveling into the soil.

[0008] Optionally, a gathering rod is fixedly connected to one end of the frame close to the rotating shaft. The gathering rod is used to gather the materials on the turning wheels towards the space between the two rotating shafts.

[0009] Optionally, a guiding rod is fixedly connected to one end of the shoveling plate close to the feeding mechanism.

[0010] Optionally, a fourth sliding rod is fixedly connected to the frame. A guiding plate is slidably sleeved on the fourth sliding rod, and a reset spring is arranged between the frame and the guiding plate.

[0011] Optionally, a depth-limiting ring is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the pressing roller. The depth-limiting ring is arranged between a plurality of supporting wheels.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the depth-limiting ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the pressing roller. Before the operation of turning the seedlings of crops, it can moderately squeeze the stems and leaves of the crops downward. The depth-limiting ring has the ability of elastic deformation, which makes it more gentle when squeezing the stems and leaves of the crops, effectively reducing the breakage of the stems and leaves of the crops during the seedling pressing process.

[0013] Optionally, the vehicle frame is fixedly connected with a support cylinder, a first sliding rod is slidably connected inside the support cylinder, the first sliding rod is fixedly connected with a guide plate, an outer side surface of the pressure roller is fixedly sleeved with a pressure housing, the pressure housing is arranged inside the depth-limiting ring, hydraulic oil is filled inside the pressure housing, the pressure housing can generate elastic deformation, the pressure housing is fixedly communicated with a transmission housing through an infusion pipe, a closing plate is rotationally connected with the transmission housing along the circumferential direction, and a flow pipe is fixedly communicated between the closing plate and the support cylinder.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the ridge slope height in front of the vehicle frame is too high, the depth-limiting ring is deformed too much, and the ridge slope will squeeze the pressure housing to deform and sink through the depth-limiting ring, so as to convey the hydraulic oil in the pressure housing to the support cylinder through the infusion pipe. The increase of the hydraulic oil in the support cylinder pushes the first sliding rod to move upward, the guide plate moves synchronously with the first sliding rod, and the return spring is compressed. When the ridge slope height decreases, the depth-limiting ring disengages from the pressure housing, and the return spring pushes the guide plate downward. Thus, the height of the guide plate is adjusted according to the height of the ridge slope. When the ridge slope height increases, the quantity of soil shoveled up by the shoveling plate increases. At this time, the guide plate rises to prevent the phenomenon that too much soil accumulates in front of the guide plate and causes blockage.

[0015] Optionally, one end of the vehicle frame close to the pressure roller is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, and a soil-breaking knife is fixedly connected to the connecting frame near the supporting wheel through a supporting rod.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, when the digging and turning machine works, the soil-breaking knife cuts off the soil blocks in the middle part of the soil, reduces the clay connection between soil particles, and is convenient for the subsequent shoveling plate to shovel up the soil.

[0017] Optionally, a supporting part is fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the supporting rod, a second sliding rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the supporting part, a limiting part is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second sliding rod, a pushing part is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the second sliding rod, and a pressing spring for pushing the pushing part downward is sleeved on the second sliding rod.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the vehicle frame drives the pushing part to move through the connecting frame, the supporting rod and the supporting part in sequence. The V-shaped pushing part pushes the soil blocks to both sides, reduces the number of soil blocks contacted by the supporting wheel during operation, and further improves the running stability of the vehicle frame. The pressing spring pushes the pushing part downward, so that the pushing part makes an adaptive movement in the vertical direction on the uneven soil bottom surface, increases the time that the pushing part can contact the ground, and improves the effect of the pushing part in pushing the soil blocks.

[0019] Optionally, a material-breaking part is slidably connected to the front end surface of the pushing part through a third sliding rod, and a buffer spring is sleeved on the third sliding rod.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, when the cutting member impacts the stems and leaves to separate them, the buffer spring receiving the reaction force of the impact reciprocally contracts, enabling the cutting member to buffer the impact on the stems and leaves, reducing the number of broken stems when separating the entangled stems and leaves, and ensuring the integrity of the stems and leaves of crops such as sweet potatoes whose stems and leaves also have edible value.

[0021] Optionally, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side surface of the support rod, and a mud scraping plate is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod away from the support rod.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the mud scraping plate is arranged close to the support wheel and is used for scraping the soil on the surface of the support wheel, which is beneficial to maintaining the cleanliness of the surface of the support wheel.

[0023] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When the frame drives the pressure roller to move, the support wheel rotates along the furrow to support the pressure roller, reducing the amplitude of the up and down fluctuation of the pressure roller. Since there is a distance between the pressure roller and the material shoveling plate, at the same moment, the up and down fluctuation heights of the pressure roller and the material shoveling plate are different, making it difficult for the material shoveling plate to shovel the material into the soil to a corresponding depth according to the height of the ridge slope ahead. The support wheel supports the pressure roller, making the operation of the frame more stable and reducing the negative impact of the up and down movement of the frame on the depth of the material shoveling plate shoveling into the soil.

[0024] 2. When the height of the ridge slope in front of the frame is too high, the depth limiting ring deforms too much, and the ridge slope will squeeze the pressure housing through the depth limiting ring to deform and sink, thereby transporting the hydraulic oil in the pressure housing to the support cylinder through the liquid delivery pipe. The increase in the hydraulic oil in the support cylinder pushes the first sliding rod upward, and the guide plate moves synchronously with the first sliding rod, and the return spring is compressed. When the height of the ridge slope decreases, the depth limiting ring disengages from the pressure housing, and the return spring pushes the guide plate downward. Thus, the height of the guide plate is adjusted according to the height of the ridge slope. When the height of the ridge slope increases, the amount of soil shoveled by the material shoveling plate increases. At this time, the guide plate rises to prevent the phenomenon of excessive soil accumulation in front of the guide plate and blockage.

[0025] 3. The turning wheel rotates to turn over the crops, thereby turning up the roots or fruits of the crops. The turning wheel transports the crops to the gathering rod, and the crops fall along the axis of the gathering rod to the rear of the frame. The roots and fruits of the crops on the ground are turned upward, and the gathering rods on the left and right sides of the frame converge the crops towards the middle, improving the neatness of the crops and facilitating the operator to collect the crops.

[0026] 4. The depth limiting ring can produce elastic deformation, so the extrusion of the depth limiting ring on the stems and leaves of the crops is softer, reducing the phenomenon of stem breakage of the crops during seedling pressing.

[0027] 5. When the device is running, the support wheels rotate continuously, and inevitably, impurities such as soil will adhere to their surfaces. At this time, the mud scraper at the corresponding position, due to its fixed installation state, generates relative movement with the surface of the rotating support wheel. Under the interaction of the two, the mud scraper scrapes the soil on the surface of the support wheel. The main function of the mud scraper is to efficiently remove the soil adhering to the surface of the support wheel. Timely scraping of the soil can effectively prevent the support wheel from increasing its running resistance due to soil accumulation, reduce component wear, ensure the smoothness and stability of the device operation, extend the service life of the device, and at the same time ensure the working accuracy of the support wheel and maintain the overall working efficiency of the device. Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Rear view of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Side view of the support wheel, material shoveling plate and material conveying mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pusher, material cutting member and depth limiting ring of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the depth limiting ring, pressure material housing and pressure material roller of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the support cylinder of the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 For the embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 Partial enlarged view of area A in; Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the pusher, material cutting member and support rod of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Description of the reference numerals: 1. Frame; 11. Pressure material roller; 111. Support wheel; 112. Depth limiting ring; 12. Material shoveling plate; 121. Guide rod; 13. Rotating shaft; 131. Turning wheel; 14. Gathering rod; 15. Slide bar four; 16. Guide plate; 17. Return spring; 18. Connecting frame; 19. Transmission frame; 2. Material conveying mechanism; 21. Transmission chain; 22. Transport rod; 23. Stirring teeth; 24. Sprocket; 3. Support cylinder; 31. Slide bar one; 32. Pressure material housing; 33. Infusion pipe; 34. Transmission housing; 35. Closing plate; 36. Flow pipe; 4. Support rod; 41. Soil cutting knife; 42. Support part; 43. Slide bar two; 44. Limiting part; 45. Pusher; 451. Sliding part; 46. Extrusion spring; 47. Slide bar three; 48. Material cutting member; 49. Buffer spring; 5. Connecting rod; 51. Mud scraper. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will combine the Figures 1 - 8 to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] This embodiment provides a digging and turning machine. Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a digging and turning machine includes a frame 1, a material pressing roller 11, and a material conveying mechanism 2. The frame 1 is vertically erected on the horizontal ground, and a transmission frame 19 is fixedly connected to its front end. During actual operation, the operator connects the tractor to the transmission frame 19. After the tractor starts, through the traction of the transmission frame 19, the frame 1 is driven to move in the field, providing the moving power and support foundation for the entire digging and turning machine. The material pressing roller 11 is rotatably connected to the front end of the frame 1, and its main function is to press the seedlings of the crops. By squeezing the crops downward, the stems and leaves are closely attached to the ground. This design can significantly reduce the entanglement of plants during the operation of the turning machine, creating good conditions for the smooth progress of subsequent operations.

[0032] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a material shoveling plate 12 is arranged behind the material pressing roller 11. There are two material shoveling plates 12, which are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the frame 1. The inner sides of the two material shoveling plates 12 are inclined backward. Its function is to shovel up the soil with root crops, preparing for subsequent conveying and processing. The material conveying mechanism 2 is installed on the side of the material shoveling plate 12 away from the material pressing roller 11 and is connected to the frame 1. The end of the material conveying mechanism 2 away from the material pressing roller 11 is inclined upward. At the same time, the guide rod 121 fixedly connected to the rear end face of the material shoveling plate 12 can effectively guide the soil to smoothly enter the material conveying mechanism 2, realizing the orderly conveying of the soil and crops.

[0033] Referring to Figure 1 , the material conveying mechanism 2 includes a sprocket 24, a transmission chain 21, and a transport rod 22. Specifically, there are a total of four sprockets 24, and the four sprockets 24 are respectively rotatably connected to the four corners of the frame 1, providing the basis for power transmission for the operation of the entire material conveying mechanism 2. There are two transmission chains 21, and each transmission chain 21 is sleeved on two adjacent sprockets 24 in the front-rear direction. By equipping a rotating source such as a motor on the frame 1, the sprocket 24 can be driven to rotate, and then the transmission chain 21 can be driven to operate. Between the two transmission chains 21, the transport rod 22 is fixedly connected. There are multiple transport rods 22, and the transport rods 22 are arranged in an array along the length direction of the transmission chain 21. Stirring teeth 23 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the transport rod 22, and there are also multiple along the axial direction of the transport rod 22. Its cross-section is triangular, and the unique shape design is conducive to knocking the soil on the roots and fruits of the crops.

[0034] Referring toFigure 1 and Figure 2 , the rear of the frame 1 is rotatably connected to the rotating shafts 13, and the two rotating shafts 13 are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the frame 1. The ends close to each other are designed to slope downward, forming a specific angular layout. Along the axial direction of the rotating shafts 13, a plurality of material turning wheels 131 are distributed in an array and are firmly fixed to the rotating shafts 13. The teeth of the material turning wheels 131 are designed with a conical structure. At one end of the frame 1 close to the rotating shafts 13, a gathering rod 14 is fixedly connected, and its main function is to gather the materials carried on the material turning wheels 131 between the two rotating shafts 13 to achieve the centralized transportation of the materials.

[0035] The operator starts and drives a driving vehicle such as a tractor, and the driving vehicle drives the frame 1 to start running through the transmission frame 19. During the running of the frame 1, the pressing roller 11 is pushed to rotate synchronously. When designing the pressing roller 11, appropriate pressure parameters have been set according to the characteristics of different crops. During operation, the pressing roller 11 presses down on the stems and leaves of the crops, initially sorting out the messy stems and leaves, making the crops easier to handle in subsequent operation links. This operation can not only improve the subsequent operation efficiency but also reduce the impact on the equipment caused by problems such as stem and leaf entanglement.

[0036] After the stem and leaf sorting is completed, the material shoveling plate 12 starts to work, shoveling up the soil containing the crop roots or fruits. As the frame 1 continues to move, the guiding rod 121 orderly transports the shoveled soil to the transport rod 22. The transport rod 22 rotates synchronously with the transmission chain 21 and transports the soil to the rear and above the frame 1 through its own movement. During the transportation process, the stirring teeth 23 installed on the transport rod 22 continuously move, and these stirring teeth 23 knock on the crops wrapped in the soil at a specific frequency and intensity. Its working principle is to use mechanical collision force to separate the soil from the crops. While transporting the crops upward, the effective separation of the crops from the soil is achieved. The separated crops are smoothly transported to the material turning wheels 131, and the soil falls below the frame 1 due to gravity, thus completing the separation process of the soil and the crops.

[0037] The material turning wheels 131 rotate by themselves to turn over the crops entering them, turning up the roots or fruits of the crops. Then, the material turning wheels 131 transport the crops to the gathering rod 14, and the crops slide along the axial direction of the gathering rod 14 to the rear of the frame 1. At this time, the crop roots and fruits on the ground face upward, and the gathering rods 14 on the left and right sides of the frame 1 play a role in gathering the scattered crops to the middle, significantly improving the neatness of the crops and greatly facilitating the subsequent collection work of the operator for the crop products.

[0038] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4, six support wheels 111 are fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the pressure roller 11, and these support wheels 111 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the pressure roller 11. Since there are multiple ridges on the ridge, the ridge presents a wavy shape with undulations. When the vehicle frame 1 drives the pressure roller 11 to move forward, the support wheels 111 will roll along the depression between two upward convex ridge slopes, and the length direction of the ridge slope is parallel to the running direction of the vehicle frame 1. At the same time, the support wheels 111 play a supporting role for the pressure roller 11, reducing the amplitude of the up and down undulations of the pressure roller 11, enabling the pressure roller 11 to move smoothly along the running track of the support wheels 111, and thus ensuring that the vehicle frame 1 runs more smoothly. Since the material shoveling plate 12 runs synchronously with the vehicle frame 1, the degree of up and down undulation of the material shoveling plate 12 is also reduced, improving the stability of the depth at which the material shoveling plate 12 shovels into the ridge. This design not only reduces the damage to the roots and fruits of the crops, but also reduces the metal fatigue phenomenon caused by the frequent undulation of the material shoveling plate 12.

[0039] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 , three depth-limiting rings 112 are fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the pressure roller 11, and these depth-limiting rings 112 are distributed among multiple support wheels 111. The depth-limiting rings 112 are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the pressure roller 11, and there is a cavity between the depth-limiting rings 112 and the pressure roller 11. This cavity not only ensures that the depth-limiting rings 112 can be firmly sleeved on the pressure roller 11, but also provides the necessary space for the elastic deformation of the depth-limiting rings 112. At the same time, it also reduces the weight of the overall structure to a certain extent, optimizing the flexibility of the equipment operation. Before the operation of turning the seedlings of the crops, the depth-limiting rings 112 can moderately squeeze the stems and leaves of the crops downward. The depth-limiting rings 112 have the ability of elastic deformation, which makes it more gentle when squeezing the stems and leaves of the crops, effectively reducing the breakage of the stems and leaves of the crops during the process of pressing the seedlings.

[0040] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 , a fourth sliding rod 15 is fixedly connected to the vehicle frame 1, a guide plate 16 is slidably sleeved on the fourth sliding rod 15, and a return spring 17 is installed between the vehicle frame 1 and the guide plate 16. The guide plate 16 is arranged above the material shoveling plate 12 and the material conveying mechanism 2. When transporting soil and crops, the guide plate 16 is mainly used to guide the soil and crops shoveled by the material shoveling plate 12. When the material conveying mechanism 2 conveys the soil and crops upward and to the rear of the vehicle frame 1, the soil and crops will contact the guide plate 16 during the upward movement. At this time, the guide plate 16 can limit their upward movement, preventing the soil and crops from piling up too high at the front end of the vehicle frame 1 and causing blockage, so as to ensure that the crops can be transported to the rear of the vehicle frame 1 in an orderly manner.

[0041] Refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7, a support cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the frame 1. A first sliding rod 31 is slidably connected inside the support cylinder 3, and the first sliding rod 31 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 16. A pressing material housing 32 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the pressing roller 11. The pressing material housing 32 is located inside the depth limiting ring 112. The inside of the pressing material housing 32 is filled with hydraulic oil, and the pressing material housing 32 can generate elastic deformation. The pressing material housing 32 is fixedly communicated with the transmission housing 34 through an infusion pipe 33. A closing plate 35 is rotatably connected to the transmission housing 34 in the circumferential direction, and the closing plate 35 is fixedly communicated with the support cylinder 3 through a circulation pipe 36.

[0042] When the height of the ridge slope in front of the frame 1 changes, the height automatic adjustment system of the device will start to operate. When the height of the ridge slope is too high, the depth limiting ring 112 will bear a large pressure and deform significantly. During this process, the ridge slope exerts an extrusion force on the pressing material housing 32 through the depth limiting ring 112, causing the pressing material housing 32 to produce a concave deformation. As the pressing material housing 32 deforms, the hydraulic oil inside it will be transported to the transmission housing 34 through the infusion pipe 33. The hydraulic oil in the transmission housing 34 is then further transported to the support cylinder 3 through the circulation pipe 36. As the hydraulic oil in the support cylinder 3 continuously increases, the pressure generated by the hydraulic oil will push the first sliding rod 31 upward, and the guide plate 16 fixedly connected to the first sliding rod 31 will also rise synchronously. During the rising process of the guide plate 16, the return spring 17 is compressed and stores elastic potential energy. When the height of the ridge slope decreases, the depth limiting ring 112 is no longer subjected to the extrusion of the ridge slope. At this time, the compressed return spring 17 will release the elastic potential energy and push the guide plate 16 downward to reset.

[0043] Through the above operating mechanism, the device can automatically adjust the height of the guide plate 16 according to the change of the ridge slope height. When the height of the ridge slope increases and the amount of soil shoveled by the shoveling plate 12 increases, the guide plate 16 will rise accordingly, effectively preventing excessive accumulation of soil in front of the material conveying mechanism 2 and avoiding blockage, ensuring the smooth operation of the device.

[0044] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 8 , a connecting frame 18 is fixedly connected to one end of the frame 1 close to the pressing roller 11. Four support rods 4 are fixedly connected to the connecting frame 18 near the support wheel 111. These support rods 4 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the pressing roller 11. A soil cutting knife 41 is fixedly connected to two of the support rods 4 located in the middle of the pressing roller 11. During the operation of the digging and turning seedling machine, the soil cutting knife 41 can cut the soil blocks in the middle of the soil, effectively reducing the clay connection between soil particles and facilitating the subsequent smooth shoveling of soil by the shoveling plate 12.

[0045] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 8, a support part 42 is fixedly connected to the rear end face of each support rod 4. A second sliding rod 43 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support part 42. A limiting part 44 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second sliding rod 43. A pushing member 45 is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the second sliding rod 43. In the front-rear direction, the pushing member 45 is arranged corresponding to the supporting wheel 111. A sliding part 451 is fixedly connected to the outer side face of the pushing member 45, and the sliding part 451 is slidably matched with the second sliding rod 43. The front end face of the pushing member 45 is designed to be V-shaped and inclined. A compression spring 46 is sleeved on the second sliding rod 43, and the compression spring 46 is located between the support part 42 and the limiting part 44 and can push the pushing member 45 downward.

[0046] The frame 1 drives the pushing member 45 to move through the connecting frame 18, the support rod 4 and the support part 42. As the frame 1 moves, the V-shaped pushing member 45 meets the soil blocks in contact with the ground, and its inclined side faces can push the soil blocks to both sides of the advancing direction of the equipment. This pushing method effectively reduces the number of soil blocks contacted by the supporting wheel 111 during operation, avoiding problems such as uneven resistance and wheel slippage caused by soil block accumulation, thereby further enhancing the running stability of the frame 1 and ensuring that the equipment can move forward smoothly under complex terrain conditions. The compression spring 46 provided between the pushing member 45 and the frame 1 provides the power source for the adaptive adjustment of the pushing member 45.

[0047] In actual work, the bottom surface of the soil is often uneven. When the pushing member 45 contacts the ground with different heights, the compression spring 46 can elastically expand and contract in the vertical direction according to the undulation of the ground, driving the pushing member 45 to move up and down. This adaptive movement mechanism enables the pushing member 45 to always keep in close contact with the ground, significantly prolonging the contact time with the ground, so that the soil blocks on the advancing route can be pushed away more fully, improving the effect of pushing the soil blocks, effectively reducing the risk of pushing failure caused by uneven ground, and improving the working efficiency and reliability of the equipment.

[0048] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 8 , a cutting member 48 is slidably connected to the front end face of the pushing member 45 through a third sliding rod 47. The front end face of the cutting member 48 is also arranged to be V-shaped and inclined. A buffer spring 49 is sleeved on the third sliding rod 47. The V-shaped pushing member 45 can separate the entangled stems and leaves during movement. When the cutting member 48 impacts the stems and leaves for separation, the buffer spring 49 under the action of the impact reaction force will contract reciprocally to buffer the impact on the cutting member 48, thereby reducing the number of stem fractures during the separation of the entangled stems and leaves and ensuring the integrity of the stems and leaves of crops with edible value such as sweet potatoes.

[0049] Refer to Figure 8, the side of the support rod 4 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 5, and the end of the connecting rod 5 away from the support rod 4 is fixedly connected with a scraper 51. The scraper 51 is set at a position close to the support wheel 111, and its installation angle is adapted to the surface of the support wheel 111, so as to ensure that the scraper 51 can clean the surface of the support wheel 111 in time during the operation of the equipment. When the equipment is running, the support wheel 111 rotates continuously, and impurities such as mud will inevitably adhere to the surface. At this time, the scraper 51 in the corresponding position generates relative motion with the rotating surface of the support wheel 111 by virtue of its fixed installation state. Under the interaction of the two, the scraper 51 scrapes the mud on the surface of the support wheel 111. The main function of the scraper 51 is to efficiently remove the mud attached to the surface of the support wheel 111. Timely scraping of the mud can effectively avoid the increase of the running resistance of the support wheel 111 due to the accumulation of mud, reduce the wear of components, ensure the smoothness and stability of the operation of the equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment. At the same time, it can also ensure the working accuracy of the support wheel 111 and maintain the overall working efficiency of the equipment.

[0050] The implementation principle of the digging and turning machine of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: in the digging and turning operation of crops, the operator drives a power-driven vehicle such as a tractor, and stably transmits power to the frame 1 through the transmission frame 19, driving the frame 1 to run smoothly in the field. When the frame 1 is running, the support wheel 111 rolls forward along the depression between the two upwardly protruding ridges. In this process, the support wheel 111 provides reliable support for the pressing roller 11, reduces the amplitude of the ups and downs of the pressing roller 11 during operation, and ensures that the pressing roller 11 can maintain stable movement along the running track of the support wheel 111, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation of the entire frame 1.

[0051] The stable operation of the frame 1 drives the pressing roller 11 to rotate, and the pressing roller 11 presses the stems and leaves of the crops downward with appropriate pressure. This operation is an important part of the preliminary sorting of crops. Through squeezing, the messy stems and leaves are straightened, making the crops more convenient and efficient in subsequent operation processing, laying a good foundation for subsequent excavation work.

[0052] After the initial arrangement of the stems and leaves of the crops is completed, the shoveling plate 12 accurately scoops up the soil containing the roots or fruits of the crops. As the frame 1 continues to move forward under the drive of the driving vehicle, the guide rod 121 transports the scooped soil to the transport rod 22. The transport rod 22 and the transmission chain 21 work closely and operate synchronously to form an efficient transportation system to transport the soil to the rear and top of the frame 1.

[0053] During the soil transportation process, the stirring teeth 23 on the transportation rod 22 are the key components for separating crops from the soil. The stirring teeth 23 move continuously as the transportation rod 22 rotates, knocking on the crops wrapped with soil with precise force and frequency. This knocking action promotes the separation of the soil from the crops while transporting the crops upward. The separated crops are smoothly transported to the turning wheel 131, while the soil falls below the vehicle frame 1 under the action of gravity, thus completing the separation process of the crops from the soil and creating favorable conditions for subsequent crop collection and processing.

[0054] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense.

[0055] The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art of the present technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A digging and turning machine, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: The frame (1) is connected with a pressure roller (11) and a feeding mechanism (2). The pressure roller (11) is arranged in front of the feeding mechanism (2). One end of the feeding mechanism (2) far from the pressure roller (11) is arranged obliquely upward. A shoveling plate (12) is arranged between the feeding pipe and the feeding mechanism (2); The feeding mechanism (2) includes a transmission chain (21) connected to the frame (1). The transmission chain (21) is arranged on the left and right sides of the frame (1). A transport rod (22) is connected between the two transmission chains (21). The upper surface of the feeding rod is fixedly connected with triangular stirring teeth (23); The frame (1) is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (13) behind the feeding mechanism (2). The rotating shaft (13) is arranged at the left and right ends of the frame (1), and one end of the two rotating shafts (13) close to each other is arranged obliquely downward. A plurality of turning wheels (131) are arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft (13); The outer side surface of the pressure roller (11) is fixedly connected with support wheels (111), and a plurality of support wheels (111) are arranged along the axial direction of the pressure roller (11).

2. The digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the frame (1) close to the rotating shaft (13) is fixedly connected with a gathering rod (14), and the gathering rod (14) is used for gathering the materials on the turning wheels (131) between the two rotating shafts (13).

3. The digging and turning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the shoveling plate (12) close to the feeding mechanism (2) is fixedly connected with a guiding rod (121).

4. The digging and turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: The frame (1) is fixedly connected with a fourth sliding rod (15). A guiding plate (16) is slidably sleeved on the fourth sliding rod (15). A return spring (17) is arranged between the frame (1) and the guiding plate (16).

5. The digging and turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: The outer side surface of the pressure roller (11) is fixedly connected with a depth-limiting ring (112), and the depth-limiting ring (112) is arranged between a plurality of support wheels (111).

6. The digging and turning machine according to claim 5, wherein: The frame (1) is fixedly connected with a support cylinder (3). A first sliding rod (31) is slidably connected inside the support cylinder (3). The first sliding rod (31) is fixedly connected with the guiding plate (16). The outer side surface of the pressure roller (11) is fixedly sleeved with a pressure housing (32). The pressure housing (32) is arranged inside the depth-limiting ring (112). The pressure housing (32) is filled with hydraulic oil. The pressure housing (32) can generate elastic deformation. The pressure housing (32) is fixedly communicated with a transmission housing (34) through an infusion pipe (33). The transmission housing (34) is rotatably connected with a closing plate (35) along the circumferential direction. A flow pipe (36) is fixedly communicated between the closing plate (35) and the support cylinder (3).

7. The digging and turning machine according to claim 1, wherein: One end of the frame (1) close to the pressure roller (11) is fixedly connected with a connecting frame (18). A soil-breaking knife (41) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (18) near the support wheels (111) through a support rod (4).

8. The digging and turning machine according to claim 7, wherein: The rear end face of the support rod (4) is fixedly connected with a support part (42). The upper surface of the support part (42) is fixedly connected with a second slide rod (43). The upper end of the second slide rod (43) is fixedly connected with a limiting part (44). A pushing member (45) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the second slide rod (43). A compression spring (46) for pushing the pushing member (45) downward is sleeved on the second slide rod (43).

9. The digging and turning machine according to claim 8, wherein: The front end face of the pushing member (45) is slidably connected with a material cutting member (48) through a third slide rod (47). A buffer spring (49) is sleeved on the third slide rod (47).

10. A digging and turning machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected to the side surface of the support rod (4). One end of the connecting rod (5) far from the support rod (4) is fixedly connected with a mud scraping plate (51).

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