Prescription information-based continuous variable-ratio fertilizer spreader and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides a continuous variable-proportion fertilizer spreader based on prescription information and an operation method, the fertilizer spreader comprises a fertilizer preparation device, a fertilizer box and a fertilizer spreader, the fertilizer preparation device comprises a fertilizer preparation cylinder and a plurality of fertilizer mixing cylinders, and the fertilizer mixing cylinders can rotate by taking the central axis of the fertilizer preparation cylinder as the axis; a cover plate is arranged at the top of the fertilizer preparation barrel, an opening is formed in the cover plate, a sealing plate is fixed under the opening, a feeding position is formed between the opening and the sealing plate, and when the fertilizer mixing barrel moves to the feeding position, a feeding opening in the top of the fertilizer mixing barrel corresponds to the opening in position, and a mixed fertilizer outlet in the bottom of the fertilizer mixing barrel is sealed by the sealing plate; a plurality of material storage cavities are arranged in the fertilizer box, each material storage cavity is communicated with the opening through a material conveying mechanism, the material conveying speed of the material conveying mechanism is adjustable, and the fertilizer spreader is communicated with the fertilizer preparation cylinder through a fertilizer outlet pipe. Fertilizer spreading can be carried out while entering each operation area, the effect of operation once entering the field is achieved, precise fertilizer application can be achieved, the volume of the material storage cavity is adjustable, the situation that the operation efficiency is affected due to insufficient loading of a certain elementary substance fertilizer can be prevented, resource waste and environmental pollution are reduced, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and in particular relates to a continuously variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information and an operation method. Background Art

[0002] Crops such as wheat, rapeseed, corn, and soybeans are the main grain and oil crops in my country, and their output is related to national food security. The application of chemical fertilizers plays an important role in improving the quality and yield of crops, and the fertilization method has gradually transitioned from traditional manual fertilization to mechanization. In recent years, with the implementation of the national policy of reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, green and precise fertilization has become a development direction. Variable fertilization based on prescription maps is the latest and most advanced fertilization technology. It has high fertilization efficiency, can improve fertilizer utilization, and reduce the impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment. However, the existing fertilizer spreaders can only perform simple spreading functions, using pre-mixed fertilizers with fixed ingredient ratios, and cannot be adjusted in a targeted manner according to the dynamic changes in the nutrient requirements of the operating area. Therefore. The present invention provides a continuously variable ratio fertilizer spreader and an operating method based on prescription information to solve the above problems, which has good prospects and important significance. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a continuously variable ratio fertilizer spreader and an operating method based on prescription information, which can be used for spreading solid granular fertilizer when spreading base fertilizer or topdressing for field crops such as wheat and rapeseed based on prescription maps.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] (I) The present invention provides a continuously variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, comprising a fertilizer dispenser, a fertilizer box and a fertilizer spreader; the fertilizer dispenser comprises a fertilizer dispenser and at least two fertilizer mixing tubes; the fertilizer mixing tube is rotatably arranged inside the fertilizer dispenser, and the fertilizer mixing tube can rotate around the central axis of the fertilizer dispenser; a cover plate is arranged on the top of the fertilizer dispenser, an opening is arranged on the cover plate, and a sealing plate is fixedly arranged directly below the opening; a feeding position is provided between the opening and the sealing plate, and when the fertilizer mixing tube moves to the feeding position, the top feeding port of the fertilizer mixing tube corresponds to the position of the opening, and the bottom mixing fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer mixing tube is closed by the sealing plate; a plurality of mutually independent storage chambers are arranged in the fertilizer box, and each storage chamber is connected to the opening through a feeding mechanism, and the feeding speed of each feeding mechanism is adjustable; the fertilizer spreader is connected to the fertilizer dispenser through a fertilizer outlet pipe.

[0006] Further, the fertilizer mixing cylinder performs a rotary motion through a rotary drive device; the rotary drive device includes a rotary motor and a rotating shaft; the rotary motor is fixedly arranged above the fertilizer mixing cylinder, the rotating shaft is vertically arranged inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder, and the driving end of the rotary motor passes through the cover plate and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; the fertilizer mixing cylinder is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and each fertilizer mixing cylinder is evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft at equal intervals; the central axis of the rotating shaft coincides with the central axis of the fertilizer mixing cylinder.

[0007] Further, the feeding mechanism includes a conveying pipe, a blanking pipe, an auger, and a motor; one end of the conveying pipe is communicated with the storage cavity, the auger is arranged inside the conveying pipe, the motor is fixed at the other end of the conveying pipe, and the driving end of the motor is connected to the auger; one end of the blanking pipe is communicated with the side of the conveying pipe close to the motor, and the other end of the blanking pipe is communicated with the fertilizer mixing cylinder through an opening.

[0008] Further, the fertilizer tank includes a box body and at least one partition; the partition is arranged inside the box body and divides the box body into at least two storage cavities; the partition can move inside the box body to adjust the volume of the storage cavity.

[0009] Further, lead screws are respectively arranged at both ends inside the box body, the lead screws are rotatably arranged inside the box body, and the lead screws are perpendicular to the partition; through holes adapted to the positions of the lead screws are arranged on the partition, and a lead screw sleeve threadedly connected to the lead screw is fixedly installed inside the through holes. By rotating the lead screws, the partition can be driven to move.

[0010] Further, the lead screws include an upper lead screw and a lower lead screw which are distributed up and down and are parallel to each other; there are two upper lead screws and two lower lead screws respectively. A bearing seat is arranged between the two upper lead screws / the two lower lead screws, and the bearing seat is fixedly connected to the box body; one end of the upper lead screw / the lower lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body, and the other end is connected to the bearing seat; each upper lead screw is rotated under the drive of an adjusting motor, the adjusting motor is installed on the outer surface of the box body, and the driving end of the adjusting motor is fixedly connected to the end of the upper lead screw away from the bearing seat; the upper lead screw and the lower lead screw on the same side are synchronously rotated through a chain drive.

[0011] Further, flat bottom plates with the same number as the partitions are arranged at the bottom inside the box body, and the flat bottom plates are distributed below the partitions; a baffle is respectively arranged on both sides of the partition, the lower end of the baffle is hinged to the flat bottom plate, and the upper end is in contact with the partition; a plurality of first springs and second springs are arranged above the flat bottom plate; one end of the first spring is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate, and the other end is connected to a baffle; one end of the second spring is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate, and the other end is connected to the other baffle; the two baffles are kept in close contact with the partition under the action of the springs; a downward concave arc-shaped guide groove is arranged between adjacent two flat bottom plates, and a downward concave arc-shaped guide groove is arranged between the flat bottom plate and the inner wall of the box body.

[0012] Further, soft films are provided at the joints of the partition board and the baffle, and at the joints of the baffle and the flat bottom board.

[0013] Further, a chassis is also provided; transport wheels are provided below the chassis, and the fertilizer tank is fixed above the chassis; the fertilizer mixer and the fertilizer spreader are arranged on one side of the fertilizer tank for discharging materials, and the fertilizer mixer is fixedly connected to the chassis through a bracket; the fertilizer spreaders are distributed below the fertilizer mixer and are fixedly connected to the chassis.

[0014] (2) The present invention also provides an operation method for the continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information as described above, including the following steps:

[0015] Adjust the volumes of the respective storage chambers in the fertilizer tank to adapt to the required amounts of the respective single-element fertilizers in the farmland to be operated, and add the corresponding single-element fertilizers to the respective storage chambers.

[0016] Before the fertilizer spreader enters the starting operation area, start the feeding mechanism, and according to the prescription information of the starting operation area, adjust the feeding speeds of the respective feeding mechanisms. The single-element fertilizers in the respective storage chambers enter the mixing cylinder at the feeding position for mixing. When the amount of fertilizer in the mixing cylinder reaches the fertilizer amount required for the starting operation area, the feeding mechanism stops working; when the fertilizer spreader enters the starting operation area, control the mixing cylinder to rotate and leave the feeding position, and the next mixing cylinder rotates into the feeding position. The fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder and the fertilizer spreader in sequence to spread fertilizer on the starting operation area.

[0017] Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next operation area, start the feeding mechanism, and according to the prescription information of the next operation area, the traveling speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the position of the fertilizer spreader, adjust the feeding speeds of the respective feeding mechanisms in real time. The single-element fertilizers enter the empty mixing cylinder at the feeding position for mixing, so that before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next operation area, the amount of fertilizer in the mixing cylinder reaches the fertilizer amount required for the next operation area, and the feeding mechanism stops working; when the fertilizer spreader reaches the node position between two adjacent operation areas, control the mixing cylinder to leave the feeding position and discharge the fertilizer, and the next mixing cylinder rotates into the feeding position. The fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder and the fertilizer spreader in sequence to spread fertilizer on the current operation area; repeat this step to complete the fertilization operation of the entire farmland.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] (1) In the present invention, the fertilizer mixer includes a fertilizer mixing cylinder and a plurality of mixing cylinders. The plurality of mixing cylinders can alternately mix materials and discharge materials, and can prepare the mixed fertilizer required for the next operation area within the current operation area, enabling the device of the present invention to spread fertilizer while entering the operation area without interrupting the operation, achieving the effect of starting operation immediately upon entering the field and improving the operation efficiency.

[0020] (2) In the present invention, the feeding speed of the feeding mechanism is adjustable. By adjusting the feeding speed of the feeding mechanism, the mixing ratio of each single-component fertilizer can be controlled to make the mixing ratio consistent with the prescription information of the operation area, enabling precise batching and precise fertilization, reducing resource waste and environmental pollution;

[0021] (3) In the present invention, a number of independent storage chambers are provided in the fertilizer tank, and the volume of each storage chamber is adjustable. Before loading the single-component fertilizers, the volume of each storage chamber can be adjusted according to the prescription information of the operation field and the total fertilizer application amount to meet the different requirements of the total fertilizer ratio for each fertilization operation, preventing insufficient loading of a certain single-component fertilizer from affecting the operation efficiency;

[0022] (4) The present invention saves the costs of intermediate links such as mixing and formulating fertilizers in the factory, transportation, and taxation, significantly reducing the usage cost; the present invention can apply fertilizers accurately in proportion, solving the problem that the fertilizer specifications prepared by the factory are limited and cannot fully meet the fertilization ratio of the prescription map, saving fertilizer usage, improving fertilizer utilization rate, and having good economic benefits, important social significance, and broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer mixer structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a top view of the fertilizer tank of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of the fertilizer tank of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is Figure 4 an enlarged view of area B in

[0028] Figure 6 is a process flow diagram of the operation of the present invention;

[0029] The reference signs in the drawings are:

[0030] 1. Fertilizer mixer; 11. Fertilizer mixing cylinder; 12. Support; 13. Fertilizer outlet pipe; 14. Rotary motor; 15. Cover plate; 16. Mixed fertilizer cylinder; 17. Stirrer; 18. Rotating shaft; 110. Sealing plate; 150. Opening; 160. Bottom mixed fertilizer outlet;

[0031] 2. Fertilizer tank; 20. Box body; 21. Partition board; 22a. Upper lead screw; 22b. Lower lead screw; 23. Lead screw bushing; 24. Adjusting motor; 25. Motor; 26. Auger; 27. Baffle; 28a. First spring; 28b. Second spring; 29. Soft film; 200. Bearing seat; 201. Lower concave arc-shaped guide groove; 202. Delivery pipe; 203. Feed pipe; 204. Cleaning hole; 205. Flat bottom plate

[0032] 3. Fertilizer spreader; 4. Chassis Detailed implementation manner

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] The embodiment of the present invention provides a continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, including a fertilizer mixer 1, a fertilizer tank 2, a fertilizer spreader 3, a chassis 4, and a control system. The chassis 4 is used to provide the bearing for the main structure and the function of operation and walking. It can be self-propelled, traction type, or semi-hung type. In this embodiment, it is set as the traction type

[0036] As Figure 1 shown, transport wheels are provided below the chassis 4, the fertilizer tank 2 is fixed above the chassis 4, the fertilizer mixer 1 and the fertilizer spreader 3 are arranged on one side of the fertilizer tank 2 for discharging materials. The fertilizer mixer 1 is fixedly connected to the chassis 4 through a bracket 12, and the fertilizer spreader 3 is distributed below the fertilizer mixer 1 and fixedly connected to the chassis 4. The fertilizer mixer 1 is used to mix the single-element fertilizers transported from the fertilizer tank 2 into formula fertilizers and then distribute them to the fertilizer spreader 3 to complete the spreading operation

[0037] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the fertilizer mixer 1 includes a fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 and three fertilizer blending cylinders 16. The fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 is a hollow columnar conical shell, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The fertilizer blending cylinder 16 is a hollow columnar conical shell with openings at both the top and bottom, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. A stirrer 17 with power is arranged coaxially inside the fertilizer blending cylinder 16. The three fertilizer blending cylinders 16 are rotatably arranged inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 can perform a rotary motion around the central axis of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11. A cover plate 15 is arranged at the top of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and an opening 150 is arranged on the cover plate 15. A horizontally distributed sealing plate 110 is fixedly arranged directly below the opening 150. The area between the opening 150 and the sealing plate 110 is the feeding position. The three fertilizer blending cylinders 16 can perform a rotary motion inside the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 and can enter and leave the feeding position in sequence. When the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 moves to the feeding position, the top feeding port of the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 corresponds to the position of the opening 150, and the bottom fertilizer blending outlet 160 of the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 is closed by the sealing plate 110. At this time, the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 at the feeding position can receive, mix, and temporarily store fertilizers. When the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 rotates and leaves the feeding position, the bottom fertilizer blending outlet 160 of the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 is disengaged from the sealing plate 110. It is set that there is always 1 fertilizer blending cylinder 16 at the feeding position. In this state, the bottom fertilizer blending outlet 160 of the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 is completely closed by the sealing plate 110.

[0038] As Figure 1 and Figures 3 - 4 shown in the figure, three mutually independent storage chambers are arranged inside the fertilizer tank 2, and each storage chamber is used to store different single-component fertilizers (nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer). The three storage chambers are respectively communicated with the opening 150 through their respective feeding mechanisms. The feeding speeds of the three feeding mechanisms are adjustable, and the rotation speeds can be independently controlled. The feeding amounts of the single-component fertilizers can be controlled by adjusting the feeding speeds to control the mixing ratios of the single-component fertilizers. A fertilizer outlet pipe 13 is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and the fertilizer spreader 3 is communicated with the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11 through the fertilizer outlet pipe 13.

[0039] During application, the required single-component fertilizers are respectively placed in the three storage chambers, and the added amounts are consistent with the total demand. The single-component fertilizers in the three storage chambers are respectively transported through their respective feeding mechanisms, enter the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 at the feeding position through the opening 150, and the mixing ratios of the single-component fertilizers are adjusted by controlling the feeding speeds of the feeding mechanisms, so that the mixing ratios and weights of the single-component fertilizers in the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 are consistent with the prescription and demand of the area to be fertilized. Before entering the area to be treated, the required single-component fertilizers for this area have entered the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 at the feeding position and are mixed evenly. When the fertilizer spreader enters the area to be treated, the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 rotates and leaves the feeding position. The evenly mixed fertilizer in the fertilizer blending cylinder 16 flows out from the bottom fertilizer blending outlet 160 and enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder 11, and then enters the fertilizer spreader 3 through the fertilizer outlet pipe 13 to perform the fertilization operation on this area. After the fertilization of this area is completed, the above operations are repeated until the fertilization of all farmland to be treated is completed.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 performs a rotary motion through a rotary drive device.

[0041] Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, the rotary drive device includes a rotary motor 14 and a rotating shaft 18. The rotary motor 14 is fixedly arranged above the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11. The rotating shaft 18 is vertically and rotatably arranged inside the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11, and the rotary motor 14, the rotating shaft 18, and the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11 are coaxially arranged. The drive end of the rotary motor 14 passes through the cover plate 15 and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 18. The three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 18, and the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 are equidistantly (equiangularly) distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 18. The rotary motor 14 can drive the rotating shaft 18 to rotate, thereby driving the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 to perform a rotary motion, so that the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 alternately enter and leave the feeding position.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material conveying mechanism includes a conveying pipe 202, a blanking pipe 203, a screw conveyor 26, and a motor 25 (hydraulic motor). Specifically, as Figure 4 shown, one end of the conveying pipe 202 is communicated with the storage cavity (communicated with the lowest part of the storage cavity, and the storage cavity has a slope). The screw conveyor 26 is arranged inside the conveying pipe 202, and the screw conveyor 26 extends into the storage cavity. The motor 25 is fixed at the other end of the conveying pipe 202, and the drive end of the motor 25 is connected to the screw conveyor 26. One end of the blanking pipe 203 is communicated with one side of the conveying pipe 202 close to the motor 25, and the other end of the blanking pipe 203 is communicated with the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 through an opening 150 ( Figure 1 ). During application, the motor 25 is started, and the motor 25 drives the screw conveyor 26 to rotate, so that the fertilizer in the storage cavity sequentially enters the conveying pipe 202 and the blanking pipe 203, and enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 through the opening 150 for mixing. During operation, the fertilizing amount and ratio can be continuously and accurately adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the motor 25.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer box 2 includes a box body 20 and two parallel partitions 21. As Figures 3 - 4 shown, the box body 20 is a rectangular shell with an open upper part and a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. The partition 21 is arranged inside the box body 20, and the box body 20 is divided into three storage cavities. The partition 21 can be translated inside the box body 20 to adjust the volume of the storage cavity to adapt to the different overall fertilizer ratio requirements for each fertilizing operation.

[0044] Screws are respectively arranged at both ends inside the box body 20. The screws are rotatably arranged inside the box body 20, and the screws are perpendicular to the partition 21. Through holes adapted to the positions of the screws are arranged on the partition 21, and screw shaft sleeves 23 threadedly connected to the screws are fixedly installed inside the through holes. The partition 21 can be driven to move by rotating the screws.

[0045] More specifically, as Figures 3 - 4As shown in the figure, the lead screw includes an upper lead screw 22a and a lower lead screw 22b which are vertically distributed and parallel to each other. The upper lead screw 22a and the lower lead screw 22b are horizontally distributed, and two of each are provided. A bearing block 200 is provided between the two upper lead screws 22a, and a bearing block 200 is provided between the two lower lead screws 22b. The two bearing blocks 200 are vertically distributed and are fixedly connected to the box body 20. One end of each of the two upper lead screws 22a is rotatably connected to two inner walls of the box body 20 respectively, and the other end of each of the two upper lead screws 22a is connected to the bearing block 200 distributed above. The two upper lead screws 22a can rotate respectively. One end of each of the two lower lead screws 22b is rotatably connected to two inner walls of the box body 20 respectively, and the other end of each of the two lower lead screws 22b is connected to the bearing block 200 distributed below. The two lower lead screws 22b can rotate respectively. Each upper lead screw 22a rotates under the drive of an adjusting motor 24. The adjusting motor 24 is installed on the outer surface of the box body 20, and the driving end of the adjusting motor 24 is fixedly connected to the end of the upper lead screw 22a away from the bearing block 200. The upper lead screw 22a and the lower lead screw 22b on the same side rotate synchronously through chain drive. During application, the adjusting motor 24 drives the upper lead screw 22a to rotate, and drives the lower lead screw 22b to rotate through chain drive (drive wheel and drive chain), thereby driving the partition plate 21 to move.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 4 - 5 shown in the figure, a flat bottom plate 205 with the same number as the partition plate 21 is provided at the inner bottom of the box body 20. The flat bottom plate 205 is distributed below the partition plate 21, and there is a certain distance between the flat bottom plate 205 and the partition plate 21. A baffle 27 is provided on each side of the partition plate 21. The lower end of the baffle 27 is hinged to the edge of the flat bottom plate 205, and the upper end is in contact with the partition plate 21. The two baffles 27 and the flat bottom plate 205 form a triangular structure. A plurality of first springs 28a and second springs 28b are provided above the flat bottom plate 205. Among them, the lower end of the first spring 28a is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate 205, and the upper end is connected to one baffle 27. The lower end of the second spring 28b is connected to the upper surface of the flat bottom plate 205, and the upper end is connected to the other baffle 27. The first spring 28a and the second spring 28b respectively play a role of tensioning and pulling on the two baffles 27. Whether in a static state or a translation state, the two baffles 27 are kept in close contact with the partition plate 21 under the action of the springs. A soft film 29 is provided at the connection between the partition plate 21 and the baffle 27, and a soft film 29 is provided at the connection between the baffle 27 and the flat bottom plate 205. The setting of the soft film 29 can prevent fertilizer particles from falling into the gaps.

[0047] As Figure 4As shown, a concave arc-shaped guide groove 201 is provided between two adjacent flat bottom plates 205, and a concave arc-shaped guide groove 201 is provided between the flat bottom plate 205 and the inner wall of the box body 20. The concave arc-shaped guide groove 201 has a slope to facilitate the discharge of fertilizer, and the fertilizer can enter the auger 26 through the concave arc-shaped guide groove 201.

[0048] In this embodiment, the start, stop, and working states of the rotary motor 14, the stirrer 17, the adjustment motor 24, the motor 25, and the spreader 3 are all automatically controlled by a control system (not shown in the figure) according to a program. The operating parameters of the corresponding electro-hydraulic drive components, such as rotational speed, angular velocity, angular displacement, etc., are all calculated and fed back by corresponding sensors (not shown in the figure). The remaining material weights in the fertilizer tank 2 and each fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 are also fed back by corresponding sensors (not shown in the figure).

[0049] Embodiment 2

[0050] This embodiment provides an operation method of a continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, which is implemented based on the device described in Embodiment 1. The flowchart can be referred to Figure 6 , and includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Before operation, connect the chassis 4 to a traction power such as a tractor, connect the corresponding electro-hydraulic system, debug and dock the control system and the navigation system, and call the fertilization prescription information of the operation farmland to obtain the total amount of each single fertilizer.

[0052] Step 2: Start the four groups of adjustment motors 24. The adjustment motors 24 drive the upper lead screw 22a and the lower lead screw 22b to rotate, and then drive the partition plate 21 to translate in the box body 20, adjust the positions of the two partition plates 21, so as to adjust the volume of each storage cavity in the fertilizer tank 2 to adapt to the total amount of each single fertilizer required for the operation farmland.

[0053] Step 3: Add nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer to the three storage cavities respectively, and the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer can meet the demand of the entire operation area to prevent the shortage of a certain single fertilizer from affecting the operation efficiency.

[0054] Step 4: Before the fertilizer spreader enters the starting operation area, turn on the three motors 25 respectively. According to the prescription information of the starting operation area, control the rotational speeds of the three motors 25. The motors 25 drive the augers 26 to rotate, and the three augers 26 each output a specified amount of single fertilizer according to the formula amount, so that the single fertilizers in the storage cavities enter the conveying pipe 202 and the feeding pipe 203 in sequence, and enter the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 at the feeding position through the openings 150 for mixing. Controlling the rotational speeds of the motors 25 can adjust the conveying amounts of the single fertilizers, thereby adjusting the mixing ratio of the single fertilizers in the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 to make the mixing ratio consistent with the prescription information of the starting operation area;

[0055] When the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 reaches the fertilizer application rate in the starting operation area, the motor 25 and the agitator 17 stop working. When the fertilizer spreader enters the starting operation area, the rotary motor 14 is started to drive the rotating shaft 18 to rotate, thereby driving the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 to perform a rotary motion, so that the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 at the feeding position leaves the feeding position and discharges the fertilizer, and the next fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 rotates into the feeding position. The fertilizer quickly enters the fertilizer blending cylinder 11 from the fertilizer mixing outlet 160, and is distributed to the fertilizer spreader 3 through the fertilizer outlet pipe 13, and the starting operation area is fertilized, and evenly and accurately sown into the field.

[0056] Step Five: The control system automatically identifies the plot information according to the received GNSS position signal, calls the fertilization information in the fertilization prescription map, combines the actual operation speed measured by the speed sensor with the preset operation width, and controls the operation time and speed of components such as the hydraulic motor driving the auger and the rotary motor driving the fertilizer mixing cylinder, and starts the fertilizer spreader. Specifically:

[0057] Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next operation area, the three motors 25 are turned on again. According to the prescription information of the next operation area, the traveling speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the position of the fertilizer spreader, the rotation speeds of the three motors 25 are controlled. The motor 25 drives the auger 26 to rotate, so that the individual fertilizers in the storage cavity enter the conveying pipe 202 and the blanking pipe 203 in sequence, and enter the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 at the current feeding position through the openings 150 for full mixing. Controlling the rotation speed of the motor 25 can adjust the conveying amount of each individual fertilizer, thereby adjusting the mixing ratio of the individual fertilizers in the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 to make the mixing ratio consistent with the prescription information of the next operation area;

[0058] Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next operation area, the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 reaches the fertilizer application rate in the next operation area, and the motor 25 stops working. When the fertilizer spreader reaches the node position between two adjacent operation areas, the rotary motor 14 is started to drive the rotating shaft 18 to rotate, thereby driving the three fertilizer mixing cylinders 16 to perform a rotary motion, so that the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 at the current feeding position leaves the feeding position and discharges the fertilizer, and the next fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 rotates into the feeding position. The fertilizer quickly enters the fertilizer blending cylinder 11 from the fertilizer mixing outlet 160, and is distributed to the fertilizer spreader 3 through the fertilizer outlet pipe 13, and the current operation area is evenly fertilized.

[0059] Step Six: Repeat Step Five to complete the fertilization operation of the entire farmland.

[0060] During the operation, the remaining material conditions in the fertilizer tank 2 and each fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 and the operation conditions of each driving and executing component are fed back in real time through sensors. If the overall load is zero, it is regarded as the completion of the operation, and the operation of all driving components will be stopped. If any driving and executing component has an abnormal operation, it may be a fault or a foreign object jamming the rotation. For safety reasons, the operation of all driving components will also be stopped.

[0061] Under normal operation, the control system uses the agricultural fertilization prescription grid as the node position, sets a lead based on the operation speed before the node position, controls the rotary motor 14, and enables the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 to enter the periodic cyclic operation state, ensuring the orderly and continuous supply of premixed fertilizers with different ratios. According to the changes in the fertilization ratio and fertilization amount before and after the node position, the rotation speeds of the hydraulic motors 25 are adjusted to achieve continuous and precise adjustment of the fertilization amount and ratio.

[0062] In the present invention, the preset speed value is lower than the normal operation speed, which is convenient for program determination and supplementing the dosage at a suitable position within a prescription grid. In fact, it is to further analyze the prescription map to improve the operation accuracy. There is no change in the operation method and process.

[0063] It should be noted that the stirring efficiency of the stirrer 17 is large enough, so that the single-element fertilizer can be quickly mixed after entering the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16, and the bottom fertilizer mixing outlet 160 is large enough to make the mixed fertilizer enter the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11 fast enough. Under the above conditions, through the accurate adjustment of the rotary motor 14, it can fully meet the continuous variable ratio and variable amount fertilization operation requirements of different operation prescription grids.

[0064] During the operation of the present invention, the stirrer 17 in the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 continuously mixes the falling fertilizers in real time. Through this cycle, although the motion state of the fertilizer mixing cylinder 16 is intermittent, there is always fertilizer in the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11. The fertilizers with variable ratios according to the area dosage of the operation prescription grid plot can be fully premixed in advance and stacked layer by layer in the fertilizer distribution cylinder 11 without interference. Through the connection between the traveling speed of the chassis 4 and the transportation volume, automatic continuous variable ratio and variable amount precise fertilization in the whole operation process is realized. The present invention can achieve the effect of starting operation immediately upon entering the field and improve the operation efficiency.

[0065] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions within the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, several improvements and refinements made without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information, characterized in that it includes a fertilizer mixer (1), a fertilizer tank (2) and a fertilizer spreader (3); The fertilizer mixer (1) includes a mixing cylinder (11) and at least two fertilizer mixing cylinders (16); the fertilizer mixing cylinders (16) are rotatably arranged inside the mixing cylinder (11), and the fertilizer mixing cylinders (16) can rotate around the central axis of the mixing cylinder (11); a cover plate (15) is arranged on the top of the mixing cylinder (11), an opening (150) is arranged on the cover plate (15), and a sealing plate (110) is fixedly arranged directly below the opening (150); between the opening (150) and the sealing plate (110) is the feeding position. When the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) moves to the feeding position, the top feeding port of the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) corresponds to the position of the opening (150), and the bottom fertilizer mixing outlet (160) of the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is closed by the sealing plate (110); A number of independent storage chambers are arranged in the fertilizer tank (2), and each storage chamber is respectively communicated with the opening (150) through a feeding mechanism, and the feeding speed of each feeding mechanism is adjustable; the fertilizer spreader (3) is communicated with the mixing cylinder (11) through a fertilizer outlet pipe (13).

2. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) performs a rotary motion through a rotary driving device; The rotary driving device includes a rotary motor (14) and a rotating shaft (18); The rotary motor (14) is fixedly arranged above the mixing cylinder (11), the rotating shaft (18) is vertically arranged inside the mixing cylinder (11), and the driving end of the rotary motor (14) passes through the cover plate (15) and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (18); the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (18), and each fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) is equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft (18); the central axis of the rotating shaft (18) coincides with the central axis of the mixing cylinder (11).

3. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding mechanism includes a conveying pipe (202), a feeding pipe (203), a auger (26) and a motor (25); One end of the conveying pipe (202) is communicated with the storage chamber, the auger (26) is arranged inside the conveying pipe (202), the motor (25) is fixed at the other end of the conveying pipe (202), and the driving end of the motor (25) is connected to the auger (26); One end of the feeding pipe (203) is communicated with one side of the conveying pipe (202) close to the motor (25), and the other end of the feeding pipe (203) is communicated with the fertilizer mixing cylinder (16) through the opening (150).

4. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer tank (2) includes a box body (20) and at least one partition (21); The partition (21) is arranged inside the box body (20) and divides the box body (20) into at least two storage chambers; The partition (21) can move inside the box body (20) to adjust the volume of the storage chamber.

5. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 4, characterized in that lead screws are respectively arranged at both ends inside the box body (20), the lead screws are rotatably arranged inside the box body (20), and the lead screws are perpendicular to the partition plate (21); through holes adapted to the positions of the lead screws are arranged on the partition plate (21), and a lead screw bushing (23) threadedly connected to the lead screw is fixedly installed inside the through holes, and the partition plate (21) can be driven to move by rotating the lead screw.

6. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 5, characterized in that the lead screws include an upper lead screw (22a) and a lower lead screw (22b) which are distributed up and down and are parallel to each other; two upper lead screws (22a) and two lower lead screws (22b) are respectively arranged, a bearing seat (200) is arranged between the two upper lead screws (22a) / lower lead screws (22b), and the bearing seat (200) is fixedly connected to the box body (20); one end of the upper lead screw (22a) / lower lead screw (22b) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the box body (20), and the other end is connected to the bearing seat (200); each upper lead screw (22a) is rotated under the drive of an adjusting motor (24), the adjusting motor (24) is installed on the outer wall surface of the box body (20), and the driving end of the adjusting motor (24) is fixedly connected to the end of the upper lead screw (22a) far from the bearing seat (200); the upper lead screw (22a) and the lower lead screw (22b) on the same side are synchronously rotated through chain drive.

7. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that plane bottom plates (205) with the same number as the partition plates (21) are arranged at the bottom inside the box body (20), and the plane bottom plates (205) are distributed below the partition plates (21); a baffle (27) is respectively arranged on both sides of the partition plate (21), the lower end of the baffle (27) is hinged to the plane bottom plate (205), and the upper end is in contact with the partition plate (21); a plurality of first springs (28a) and second springs (28b) are arranged above the plane bottom plate (205); one end of the first spring (28a) is connected to the upper surface of the plane bottom plate (205), and the other end is connected to a baffle (27); one end of the second spring (28b) is connected to the upper surface of the plane bottom plate (205), and the other end is connected to the other baffle (27); the two baffles (27) are kept in close contact with the partition plate (21) under the action of the springs; a downward concave arc-shaped guide groove (201) is arranged between two adjacent plane bottom plates (205), and a downward concave arc-shaped guide groove (201) is arranged between the plane bottom plate (205) and the inner wall of the box body (20).

8. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 7, characterized in that a soft film (29) is arranged at the connection between the partition plate (21) and the baffle (27), and a soft film (29) is arranged at the connection between the baffle (27) and the plane bottom plate (205).

9. The continuous variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that a chassis (4) is further arranged; Transport wheels are provided below the chassis (4), and the fertilizer tank (2) is fixed above the chassis (4). The fertilizer mixer (1) and the fertilizer spreader (3) are arranged on one side of the fertilizer tank (2) for discharging materials. The fertilizer mixer (1) is fixedly connected to the chassis (4) through a bracket (12). The fertilizer spreaders (3) are distributed below the fertilizer mixer (1) and fixedly connected to the chassis (4).

10. The operation method of the continuously variable ratio fertilizer spreader based on prescription information according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Adjust the volume of each storage chamber in the fertilizer tank (2) to adapt to the required amount of each single fertilizer in the farmland to be operated, and add the corresponding single fertilizers to each storage chamber respectively. Before the fertilizer spreader enters the starting operation area, start the feeding mechanism. According to the prescription information of the starting operation area, adjust the feeding speed of each feeding mechanism. The single fertilizers in each storage chamber enter the mixing drum (16) at the feeding position to be mixed evenly. When the amount of fertilizer in the mixing drum (16) reaches the fertilizer amount required for the starting operation area, the feeding mechanism stops working. At the same time when the fertilizer spreader enters the starting operation area, control the mixing drum (16) to rotate and leave the feeding position, and the next mixing drum (16) rotates into the feeding position. The fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder (11) and the fertilizer spreader (3) in sequence to spread fertilizer on the starting operation area. Before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next operation area, start the feeding mechanism. According to the prescription information of the next operation area, the traveling speed of the fertilizer spreader, and the position of the fertilizer spreader, adjust the feeding speed of each feeding mechanism in real time. The single fertilizers enter the empty mixing drum (16) at the feeding position to be mixed evenly, so that the amount of fertilizer in the mixing drum (16) reaches the fertilizer amount required for the next operation area before the fertilizer spreader reaches the next operation area, and the feeding mechanism stops working. When the fertilizer spreader reaches the node position between two adjacent operation areas, control the mixing drum (16) to leave the feeding position and discharge the fertilizer, and the next mixing drum (16) rotates into the feeding position. The fertilizer enters the fertilizer mixing cylinder (11) and the fertilizer spreader (3) in sequence to spread fertilizer on the current operation area. Repeat this step to complete the fertilization operation of the entire farmland.

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