South grape and peanut interplanting method

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agriculture, and discloses a South grape and peanut interplanting method, which comprises the following steps: planning the planting land in the north-south direction, deep ploughing and fertilizing, using a grape fence or shed frame to cultivate grapes, reserving a peanut planting area in a large ridge double row mode between grape rows, sowing peanuts in the peanut planting area after the grape sprouts, deploying a multi-source heterogeneous sensor on the planted land to monitor the environmental data of grape and peanut growth, transmitting the environmental data to an AI decision hub for analysis, obtaining a decision instruction, and performing water and fertilizer management and agricultural machinery cooperative operation based on the decision instruction; and using biological diversity to prevent and control diseases and pests. Through the use of the interplanting mode of grape fence / shed frame and peanut large ridge double row, the planting area is allocated in space, the growth cycles of the two are coordinated in time, the land space and light, heat, water and fertilizer resources are fully utilized, and the multi-source heterogeneous sensor is deployed to collect various data.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a South grape and peanut interplanting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of agricultural production, improving land utilization and output efficiency has become an important issue. Interplanting mode as a traditional and effective planting method aims to fully utilize light, heat, water, fertilizer and other resources by reasonable collocation of different crops in the same plot, so as to realize yield increase and income increase.

[0003] In the South, grape and peanut planting is mostly in monoculture mode. In grape planting, traditional monoculture grape cultivation has a single land use mode, and the land between grape rows is idle in most of the growth period, resulting in waste of land resources. At the same time, for peanut monoculture, the South has strong light and high temperature in summer, and peanuts are prone to high temperature and strong light stress during growth, affecting their growth and yield and quality. In monoculture mode, the land space is not fully utilized during the growth of grape or peanut, resulting in limited output per unit area of land, which cannot meet the growing demand for agricultural products. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a South grape and peanut interplanting method, which solves the problem that in the South, grape and peanut planting is mostly in monoculture mode, and the land space is not fully utilized during the growth of grape or peanut, resulting in limited output per unit area of land, which cannot meet the growing demand for agricultural products.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: a South grape and peanut interplanting method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The planting land is planned in a north-south direction, deep plowing and fertilization are performed, grape is cultivated by using a fence or a shed, and a peanut planting area is reserved in a large ridge double row mode between grape rows, and after grape sprouting, peanuts are sown in the peanut planting area;

[0007] A multi-source heterogeneous sensor is deployed on the planted land to monitor the environmental data of grape and peanut growth, and the environmental data is transmitted to an AI decision hub for analysis to obtain decision instructions, and water and fertilizer management and agricultural machinery collaborative operation are performed based on the decision instructions;

[0008] Biological diversity is used to prevent and control pests and diseases, and straw resource utilization is implemented for soil ecological restoration, the biological diversity includes releasing natural enemy insects and applying microbial agents;

[0009] The peanut is harvested when the lower leaves of the peanut plant turn yellow and drop and the pods are mature, the grapes are harvested when the grape fruit color is bright and the sugar content is up to standard, and the field is cleaned up after harvesting and the equipment is maintained.

[0010] By adopting the above technical scheme, the interplanting mode is deeply integrated with intelligent and ecological planting technology, the land production potential is fully tapped, the resource utilization efficiency is optimized, a complementary planting structure is formed in vertical and horizontal space, the land is efficiently utilized in the whole growth cycle of crops, environmental changes are sensed in real time and the growth needs of crops are matched, dynamic optimization scheduling of water and fertilizer management and agricultural operation is realized, the soil quality and farmland ecological environment are continuously improved while reducing the fertilizer input, and the problem that in the planting of grapes and peanuts in the southern region, a single cropping mode is mostly adopted, the land space cannot be fully utilized during the growth of grapes or peanuts, the output per unit area of land is limited, and the increasing demand for agricultural products cannot be met is solved.

[0011] Preferably, the planting land has a daily drainage capacity of not less than 30 mm in the rainy season, and the daily average illumination time of the planting area is not less than 6 hours, the deep plowing treatment has a depth of 30-40 cm, the fertilization is that 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50-100 kg of superphosphoric acid calcium are applied per mu and uniformly mixed, and for acid soil, 50-100 kg of lime is applied per mu to adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5, and the row spacing of the cultivated grape is 2.5-3 meters, and the plant spacing is 1-2 meters.

[0012] Preferably, the grape variety is a wet and disease-resistant variety, including Xiahei and Sunlight Rose, and the grape is disinfected by soaking in a 5-baume stone sulfur mixture for 10-15 minutes before planting, the ridge height of the peanut planting area is 30 cm, and the ridge surface width is 55 cm, the peanut variety is selected to be a shade-tolerant, waterlogging-tolerant, and disease-resistant variety, including Youyou 43 and Hanghua No. 2, and the seeds are sunned and treated with carbendazim before sowing, the plant spacing of the sown peanuts is 15-20 cm, and the row spacing is 25-30 cm, the sunning time is 2-3 days, the seed spreading thickness is not more than 5 cm, and the seeds are turned over 2-3 times a day.

[0013] Preferably, the multi-source heterogeneous sensor includes a six-element weather station installed at the top of the trellis or arbor 2 meters away, a micro temperature and humidity sensor arranged between grapevine leaves, a soil moisture sensor buried in the soil of the grape and peanut planting area at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, a hyperspectral imaging sensor and a pest monitoring lamp deployed in the peanut planting area, the environmental data includes weather data, soil data, and crop physiological data, the weather data includes light intensity, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, wind speed, and rainfall, the soil data includes water content, electrical conductivity, pH value, and heavy metal ion content of different depth soil layers, and the crop physiological data includes crop leaf spectral feature data and pest data.

[0014] Preferably, the transmission adopts 5G and Beidou satellite communication double link for transmission, and pre-processing is performed at the edge computing node, the pre-processing including image denoising by bilateral filtering, sensor data processing by Kalman filtering, and data compression by Zstandard algorithm.

[0015] Preferably, the analysis is performed by an AI decision hub to construct a crop growth model according to environmental data, including a grape growth model based on an LSTM neural network and a peanut growth model based on a CNN, and a decision instruction is generated by a reinforcement learning algorithm, the decision instruction including water and fertilizer management, pest control, and agricultural machinery scheduling instructions.

[0016] Preferably, when the reinforcement learning algorithm generates the decision instruction, a multi-objective reward function containing grape and peanut growth indicators is constructed, the formula being: R t = α·R 葡萄 (S t ) + β·R 花生 (S t ) + γ·R 环境 (S t ), wherein R t is the total reward value at time t, α + β + γ = 1 and α, β, γ ∈ (0, 1) are weight coefficients, R 葡萄 (S t ) contains grape fruit indicators, including sugar content growth rate and shoot length, R 花生 (S t ) contains peanut indicators, including pod fullness and leaf chlorophyll content, and R 环境 (S t ) contains environmental benefit indicators, including soil water use efficiency and light energy use efficiency, and a decision instruction is generated by maximizing the cumulative discounted reward , wherein γ is a discount factor.

[0017] Preferably, in the water and fertilizer management, the drip irrigation amount of grape is calculated by the formula: I = (θ opt - θ)·V·ρ, wherein θ opt is the optimal water content, θ is the real-time monitored soil water content, V is the volume of wet soil layer, and ρ is the soil bulk density; the drip irrigation of peanut uses film drip irrigation combined with water-retaining agent, the dosage of water-retaining agent is 5 kg / acre, and the agricultural machinery cooperative operation includes pruning of grape branches, variable seeding of peanuts, fruit harvesting, and quality grading.

[0018] Preferably, the straw resource utilization is to crush grape branches and peanut straw, produce biochar, organic fertilizer and feed through biological fermentation technology, use biochar for soil improvement, return organic fertilizer to the field, and use feed for forest breeding.

[0019] Preferably, the natural enemy insect release includes releasing 5000 M. anisopilus per mu in grape leaf expansion period to control red spider mites, and releasing 2000 O. sauteri per mu in flowering period to control thrips, and applying 2kg / mu of Beauveria bassiana granules with 10 8 CFU / g of Beauveria bassiana granules to control grubs, and the microbial agent includes applying a complex microbial agent containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and Bacillus subtilis at grape planting, and applying a complex microbial agent containing Beauveria bassiana, green muscadine and Trichoderma at peanut planting.

[0020] The present application provides a southern grape and peanut interplanting method.

[0021] 1、The present application adopts the interplanting mode of grape trellis / shed and peanut large ridge double rows, allocates planting areas in space, coordinates the growth cycles of the two in time, fully utilizes land space, light, heat, water and fertilizer resources, deploys multi-source heterogeneous sensors to collect various data, constructs a crop growth model through LSTM neural network and CNN, generates decision instructions through reinforcement learning algorithm, and regulates water and fertilizer management, pest control and agricultural operation.

[0022] 2、The present application releases natural enemy insects such as M. anisopilus and O. sauteri, applies a complex microbial agent containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and the like, replaces chemical pesticides in pest control, reduces environmental pollution, protects beneficial organisms in farmland, plants leguminous green manure such as hairy vetch and Chinese milkvetch in winter, and interplants mung bean and sesbania in summer, and combines resource utilization of grape branches and peanut straw, continuously increases soil organic matter content, improves soil structure, enhances soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, reduces the risk of soil compaction and acidification, and builds a sustainable farmland ecosystem.

[0023] 3、The present application collects multi-dimensional data such as weather, soil and crop physiology in real time through multi-source sensors, guarantees stable data transmission through 5G and Beidou dual-link, pre-processes through edge computing nodes, constructs a crop growth model through LSTM neural network and CNN by an AI decision center, generates decision instructions based on reinforcement learning algorithm, regulates water and fertilizer consumption according to different growth stages of grape and peanut, realizes efficient utilization of water resources, performs variable seeding of peanuts according to a soil fertility map, makes agricultural operations more scientific and efficient, and reduces dependence on manual experience.

[0024] 4. This invention lays a high-yield foundation by selecting moisture-resistant and disease-resistant grape varieties and shade-tolerant, waterlogging-resistant, and disease-resistant peanut varieties. Through water and fertilizer management, it meets the needs of crops at each growth stage, resulting in higher sugar content and fuller berries in grapes, and significantly improved pod fullness and oil yield in peanuts. Scientific pest and disease control reduces crop damage, and timely agricultural machinery operations ensure harvest quality, reduce pesticide residues, and enable the product quality to meet green food standards, thereby enhancing market competitiveness and improving the economic benefits for growers. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intercropping method for grapes and peanuts in southern China proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a method for intercropping grapes and peanuts in southern China, comprising the following steps:

[0028] The planting land is planned in a north-south direction, and deep plowing and fertilization are carried out. Grapes are cultivated using trellises or pergolas, and peanut planting areas are reserved between the grape rows using a double-row, wide-ridge pattern. After the grapes sprout, peanuts are sown in the peanut planting areas. During the rainy season, the daily drainage of the planting land should not be less than 30 mm, and the average daily sunshine duration of the planting area should not be less than 6 hours. The depth of deep plowing should be 30-40 cm. Fertilization involves applying 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50-100 kg of superphosphate per acre and mixing them evenly. For acidic soils, 50-100 kg of lime per acre is applied to adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5. The row spacing for grape cultivation is 2.5-3 meters, and the plant spacing is 1-2 meters.

[0029] The grape varieties used are moisture-resistant and disease-resistant, including Summer Black and Sunshine Rose. Before planting, they are disinfected by soaking in lime sulfur solution at 5 Baume degrees for 10-15 minutes. The ridge height for peanut planting areas is 30 cm and the ridge width is 55 cm. The peanut varieties used are shade-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, and disease-resistant, including Yueyou 43 and Hanghua No. 2. Before sowing, the seeds are sun-dried and treated with carbendazim. The plant spacing for peanuts is 15-20 cm and the row spacing is 25-30 cm. The seeds are sun-dried for 2-3 days, and the seed thickness should not exceed 5 cm. The seeds are turned over 2-3 times a day.

[0030] Specifically, a land plot with high elevation, good drainage and sufficient sunlight is selected, and the planting land is planned in a south-north direction. This is because in the southern region, a south-north layout is beneficial to make full use of sunlight resources and reduce mutual shading between grapes and peanuts, thereby improving light energy utilization. At the same time, good drainage can avoid damage to crop roots caused by water accumulation in the rainy season. The daily drainage capacity of the planting land in the rainy season is not less than 30 mm, which can be achieved by reasonable planning of drainage ditches, to ensure that the soil will not cause root hypoxia due to long-term waterlogging. And the average daily light time of the planting area is not less than 6 hours, which meets the basic demand of grape and peanut growth for light.

[0031] The land is deep plowed to a depth of 30-40 cm to break up the soil crust, loosen the soil, increase the soil permeability and water permeability, and promote crop root growth. When fertilizing, 3000-5000 kg of mature organic fertilizer and 50-100 kg of superphosphate are applied per mu and mixed uniformly. Mature organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, and improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity; superphosphate provides nutrients such as phosphorus for crop growth. For acid soil, 50-100 kg of lime is applied per mu to adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5, because grapes and peanuts grow better in slightly acidic to neutral soil environment. Adjusting the pH value of the soil can optimize the chemical properties of the soil and facilitate nutrient absorption by the roots.

[0032] Grapes are cultivated using a trellis or arbor system with a row spacing of 2.5-3 meters and a plant spacing of 1-2 meters. This row spacing and plant spacing setting can ensure that grape plants have enough growing space, facilitate ventilation and light transmission, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and also make rational use of land resources. Selecting disease-resistant varieties such as Xiahei and Sunlight Rose takes into account the humid climate in the southern region, which is prone to the breeding of diseases and pests. The plants are disinfected by soaking them in a 5-baume stone sulfur mixture for 10-15 minutes before planting. Stone sulfur mixture has bactericidal, insecticidal and miticidal effects, which can effectively kill bacteria and insect eggs carried by grape seedlings, reducing the initial source of infection of diseases and pests. A large ridge double-row mode is used to reserve the peanut planting area between grape rows, with a ridge height of 30 cm and a ridge surface width of 55 cm. The large ridge double-row mode is beneficial to increase the ground temperature and improve the soil permeability, facilitating drainage and agricultural operations.

[0033] Peanut variety selection is selected to be shade-tolerant, waterlogging-tolerant, and disease-resistant southern varieties such as Yueyou 43 and Hanghua No. 2 to adapt to the relatively shaded environment of grape rows and the climate characteristics of the southern rainy climate. The seeds are sunned before sowing, the sunning time is 2-3 days, the seed spreading thickness is not more than 5 cm, and it is turned over 2-3 times a day. Sunning can break seed dormancy, improve seed germination rate and germination potential. After sunning, seeds are treated with carbendazim to prevent seedling diseases and insect pests, protect normal seed germination and seedling growth. The spacing of sown peanuts is 15-20 cm, and the row spacing is 25-30 cm. Reasonable plant spacing is beneficial to the growth and branching of peanut plants, and can improve peanut yield.

[0034] A multi-source heterogeneous sensor is deployed on the planted land to monitor the environmental data of grape and peanut growth, and the environmental data is transmitted to the AI decision center for analysis to obtain decision instructions, and water and fertilizer management and agricultural machinery cooperative operation are carried out based on the decision instructions; The multi-source heterogeneous sensor includes a six-element weather station installed at the top of the fence or shelf 2 meters away, a micro temperature and humidity sensor arranged between grape vine leaves, a soil moisture sensor buried in the soil of the grape and peanut planting area at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm, and a hyperspectral imaging sensor and a pest monitoring lamp are deployed in the peanut planting area. Environmental data includes meteorological data, soil data, and crop physiological data. Meteorological data includes light intensity, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, wind speed, and rainfall. Soil data includes water content, electrical conductivity, pH value, and heavy metal ion content of different depth soil layers. Crop physiological data includes crop leaf spectral feature data and pest data.

[0035] Transmission uses 5G and Beidou satellite communication dual link for transmission, and pre-processing is carried out at the edge computing node, which includes image denoising using bilateral filtering, sensor data processing using Kalman filtering, and data compression using Zstandard algorithm.

[0036] The analysis is performed by the AI decision center to construct a crop growth model based on environmental data, including a grape growth model based on LSTM neural network and a peanut growth model based on CNN, and decision instructions are generated through a reinforcement learning algorithm. The decision instructions include water and fertilizer management, pest control, and agricultural machinery scheduling instructions.

[0037] When the reinforcement learning algorithm generates the decision instruction, a multi-objective reward function containing grape and peanut growth indicators is constructed, and the formula is: R t = α·R 葡萄 (S t )+ β·R 花生 (S t )+ γ·R 环境 (S t ), where R tis the total reward value at time t, and α+β+γ=1 and α, β, γ ∈ (0, 1) are weight coefficients, R 葡萄 (S t ) contains grape fruit indicators, including sugar content growth rate, shoot length, R 花生 (S t ) contains peanut indicators, including pod fullness, leaf chlorophyll content, R 环境 (S t ) contains environmental benefit indicators, including soil water use efficiency, light energy use efficiency, and maximizes the cumulative discounted reward generates a decision instruction, where γ is a discount factor.

[0038] In water and fertilizer management, the drip irrigation amount calculation formula of grape is: I=(θ opt -θ)·V·ρ, where θ opt is the optimal water content, θ is the real-time monitored soil water content, V is the volume of wet soil layer, and ρ is the soil bulk density; the drip irrigation of peanut adopts film drip irrigation combined with water retaining agent, and the dosage of water retaining agent is 5 kg / acre; the agricultural machinery cooperative operation includes pruning of grape branches, variable seeding of peanut, fruit harvesting, and quality grading.

[0039] Specifically, after the grape sprouts, the peanuts are sowed in the peanut planting area according to the established plant spacing and row spacing. Sowing at this time can make the growth of peanut and grape in the phenology period coordinated with each other, and fully utilize the growth season and land resources. A multi-source heterogeneous sensor is deployed on the land after planting. A six-element weather station is installed at the top of the hedge or shed 2 meters away, which is used to monitor meteorological data such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, wind speed, and rainfall in real time. These meteorological data have an important influence on the growth and development of grape and peanut, for example, temperature and humidity affect the physiological metabolism of crops, light intensity affects photosynthesis, CO2 concentration affects photosynthetic efficiency, etc. Micro temperature and humidity sensors are arranged between grape vine leaves, which can more accurately monitor the temperature and humidity changes of the micro environment of grape plants, and provide more detailed data support for the growth management of grape. Soil moisture sensors are buried in the soil of the grape and peanut planting area at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, which monitor soil data such as water content, electrical conductivity, pH value, and heavy metal ion content at different depths. Soil water content directly affects the water absorption of crop roots, electrical conductivity reflects the soil salt condition, pH value affects the availability of soil nutrients, and heavy metal ion content relates to the soil environmental quality and agricultural product safety. High-spectrum imaging sensors and pest monitoring lights are deployed in the peanut planting area. The high-spectrum imaging sensors are used to obtain spectral feature data of crop leaves, and through the analysis of spectral data, the growth status, nutrient deficiency, and pest infection of peanut can be diagnosed early; the pest monitoring light is used to monitor pest data and timely discover the occurrence dynamics of pests.

[0040] The 5G and Beidou satellite communication double links are used for data transmission, the 5G communication has the characteristics of high speed and low delay, and can ensure that the data is transmitted quickly and stably; the Beidou satellite communication provides reliable data transmission guarantee in some remote areas or places with poor network signal. Preprocessing is carried out at the edge computing node, and bilateral filtering is used for image denoising, the bilateral filtering can remove noise while retaining the edge information of the image, so that the image data obtained by the hyperspectral imaging sensor is more accurate; the sensor data is processed by Kalman filtering, the Kalman filtering can optimize the estimation of the dynamic data collected by the sensor, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the data; the data compression is carried out through the Zstandard algorithm, the data transmission amount and storage amount are reduced, and the data processing efficiency is improved.

[0041] The AI decision center constructs a crop growth model according to environmental data, including a grape growth model based on an LSTM neural network and a peanut growth model based on a CNN. The LSTM neural network (Long Short-Term Memory) has a memory function and can process time series data. By learning the change rule of environmental data (such as meteorological data, soil data, etc.) and growth indicators (such as fruit development, new shoot growth, etc.) over time during the growth process of grapes, the growth state of grapes can be accurately predicted. The peanut growth model based on CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) uses the powerful image feature extraction capability of convolutional neural network to analyze the peanut leaf spectral image obtained by the hyperspectral imaging sensor, and identifies the growth status, disease and pest characteristics, etc. of the peanut.

[0042] The decision instruction is generated through a reinforcement learning algorithm, and the reinforcement learning adopts a deep Q network (DQN) algorithm. In the present application, a multi-objective reward function containing grape and peanut growth indicators is constructed, and the formula is: R t =α·R 葡萄 (S t )+β·R 花生 (S t )+γ·R 环境 (S t ), wherein R t is the total reward value at time t, α+β+γ=1 and α, β, γ∈(0, 1) are weight coefficients. R 葡萄 (S t ) contains grape fruit indicators such as sugar content growth rate and new shoot length, which directly reflect the growth and quality status of grapes; R 花生 (S t ) contains peanut indicators such as pod fullness and leaf chlorophyll content, which reflect the growth and nutritional status of peanuts; R 环境 (S t) include environmental benefit indicators such as soil water use efficiency, light energy utilization rate, etc., focusing on resource utilization efficiency and environmental sustainability during planting. By maximizing the cumulative discounted reward Generate decision instructions, where γ is the discount factor that determines the importance of future rewards in the current decision, and by adjusting the discount factor, the short-term and long-term benefits can be balanced. Decision instructions include water and fertilizer management, pest control, and farm machinery scheduling instructions, etc. For example, according to the growth needs of grapes and peanuts and soil moisture, the decision instructions can determine the drip irrigation amount of grapes and the fertilizer amount of peanuts; according to the pest monitoring data, the decision instructions can guide the timing and dosage of releasing natural enemy insects or applying microbial agents; according to the crop growth stage and the need for agricultural operations, the decision instructions can schedule the farm machinery to perform grapevine pruning, peanut variable seeding, fruit harvesting, quality grading, etc.

[0043] In water and fertilizer management, the drip irrigation amount of grapes is calculated by the formula: I = (θ opt -θ)·V·ρ, where θ opt is the optimal water content, which is the ideal soil water content determined according to the water needs of grapes at different growth stages; θ is the real-time monitored soil water content obtained by the soil moisture sensor; V is the volume of wet soil layer, which is related to the distribution range of grape root system and irrigation method; ρ is the soil bulk density. By calculating the drip irrigation amount through this formula, precise irrigation of grapes can be realized, avoiding excessive irrigation or insufficient irrigation, improving water resource utilization efficiency, and at the same time meeting the water needs of grapes at different growth stages.

[0044] Peanut drip irrigation uses membrane drip irrigation combined with water-retaining agent, with a water-retaining agent dosage of 5 kg / acre. Membrane drip irrigation can reduce water evaporation, improve water use efficiency, and at the same time maintain stable soil structure. Water-retaining agent can absorb and retain a large amount of water, slowly release water when soil moisture is insufficient, and provide continuous water supply for peanut growth, especially during dry periods, which can effectively alleviate the water stress of peanuts.

[0045] Biodiversity is used to prevent and control pests, and straw resource utilization is used for soil ecological restoration. Biodiversity includes releasing natural enemy insects and applying microbial agents; straw resource utilization is to crush grapevines and peanut straw, produce biochar, organic fertilizer and feed through biological fermentation technology, and use biochar for soil improvement, return organic fertilizer to the field, and use feed for forest breeding.

[0046] Natural enemy insect release includes releasing 5000 heads / acre of California new small mite to control red spider mites during grape leaf expansion period, and releasing 2000 heads / acre of East Asian small flower beetle to control thrips during flowering period; peanut is ditched 7 days before sowing, with ≥10 8Beauveria bassiana granules with 1.0 x 10

[0047] Specifically, grapevines are pruned to adjust the structure of the grapevine, balance vegetative growth and reproductive growth. By removing diseased branches, weak branches, and dense branches, etc., the pruning can improve ventilation and light conditions, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and promote fruit development and quality improvement. Variable seeding of peanuts is based on soil fertility maps and peanut variety characteristics to adjust the seeding rate of the seeding machine. In areas with higher soil fertility, the seeding rate is appropriately increased to make full use of soil nutrients and increase yield; in areas with lower soil fertility, the seeding rate is appropriately reduced to avoid resource waste. Appropriate machinery and methods are used for fruit harvesting. Grapes are harvested when the fruit color is bright and the sugar content meets the standard, and peanuts are harvested when the lower leaves of the peanut plants turn yellow and fall off and the pods are mature. After harvesting, quality grading is performed. Grapes are graded according to fruit size, color, sugar content, etc., and peanuts are graded according to fullness, damage rate, etc., so that they can be sold and processed reasonably according to different qualities to increase the added value of agricultural products.

[0048] The release of natural enemy insects includes releasing 5,000 California new mites per mu to control red spiders during grape leaf expansion and releasing 2,000 East Asian small flower beetles per mu to control thrips during flowering. The use of natural enemy insects to control pests is based on the predatory or parasitic relationship between organisms, achieving a green control method of using insects to control insects. California new mites are effective natural enemies of red spiders. By releasing a certain number of California new mites, red spiders can be effectively controlled in the early stages of their occurrence, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. East Asian small flower beetles have good hunting ability for thrips. Releasing East Asian small flower beetles during grape flowering can control thrips damage to grape flowers and young fruits in a timely manner. 7 days before peanut seeding, 1.0 x 10 8 CFU / g of Beauveria bassiana granules with a dosage of 2 kg / acre to control grub. Beauveria bassiana is a fungal pathogen that can parasitize underground pests such as grubs. By applying Beauveria bassiana granules before peanut seeding, Beauveria bassiana can colonize in the soil. When grubs and other pests move, they come into contact with Beauveria bassiana spores, which germinate and invade the pests, causing them to die, achieving the purpose of controlling underground pests.

[0049] The microbial agent includes a complex microbial agent containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and bacillus subtilis for grape planting, and a complex microbial agent containing beauveria bassiana, green muscadine and trichoderma for peanut planting. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can form a symbiotic body with grape root system, expand the root absorption area, improve the absorption capacity of grape to nutrients (such as phosphorus, potassium, etc.) and water, and enhance the stress resistance of grape. Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria can convert insoluble phosphorus in soil into available phosphorus for plants, improving soil phosphorus utilization rate. Bacillus subtilis can colonize in the rhizosphere of plants, secrete antibacterial substances, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and prevent grape diseases. In peanut planting, beauveria bassiana and green muscadine can prevent and control aboveground and underground pests of peanut, and trichoderma can antagonize pathogenic bacteria in soil to reduce the occurrence of peanut soil-borne diseases.

[0050] The straw resource utilization is to crush grape branches and peanut straw, and then produce biochar, organic fertilizer and feed through biological fermentation technology. Biochar has a large specific surface area and pore structure, which can improve soil aeration and water retention, and adsorb heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in soil, improving soil environmental quality. Organic fertilizer is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, which can increase soil organic matter content and improve soil fertility when returned to the field. Feed is used for forest breeding, which can realize the combination of planting and breeding, form an ecological circular agricultural mode, and improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources

[0051] Peanut is harvested when the lower leaves of peanut plants turn yellow and shed, and the pods are mature. Grape is harvested when the fruit color is bright and the sugar content meets the standard. After harvesting, the field is cleaned and the equipment is maintained.

[0052] Specifically, peanut is harvested when the lower leaves of peanut plants turn yellow and shed, and the pods are mature. At this time, the fullness and quality of peanut pods reach the best. Grape is harvested when the fruit color is bright and the sugar content meets the standard, ensuring that the grape fruit has good taste and flavor. By accurately grasping the harvesting time, the yield and quality of agricultural products can be improved. After harvesting, the remaining mulch, diseased residues and other residues in the field are cleaned and treated to prevent the spread of diseases and pests and environmental pollution. The intelligent equipment (such as sensors and agricultural machinery) is maintained and repaired to check the accuracy and stability of the sensors and the mechanical parts and control system of the agricultural machinery, preparing for the next season of planting.

[0053] By adopting the interplanting mode of grape and peanut in the south, combining real-time monitoring of multi-source heterogeneous sensors, intelligent analysis of AI decision center, and generation of precise decision instructions based on reinforcement learning algorithm, and using ecological recycling measures such as biological diversity to prevent and control pests and diseases, and green manure planting and straw resource utilization, the land space and resources such as light, heat, water and fertilizer are fully utilized, scientific and precise planting management and ecological sustainable development are realized, and the problem that in the south, grape and peanut are mostly planted in single mode, and the land space is not fully utilized during the growth of grape or peanut, resulting in limited output per unit area of land and unable to meet the increasing demand for agricultural products. The grape and peanut are reasonably planned in the grape row, and the double-row mode is adopted, so that the grape and peanut are reasonably matched in space and time, the land space is fully utilized, the idle land is avoided, and the output per unit area of land is improved. The multi-source heterogeneous sensor monitors the growth environment data of grape and peanut in all directions, the AI decision center constructs the crop growth model and generates precise decision instructions through the reinforcement learning algorithm, realizes the precise control of water and fertilizer management, pest control, agricultural machinery scheduling and other agricultural operations, meets the needs of crops in different growth stages, improves the yield and quality of crops, and further improves the output efficiency per unit area of land. Biological diversity reduces the use of chemical pesticides, green manure planting and straw resource utilization improve the soil structure and fertility, and create a good farmland ecological environment, which provides guarantee for the sustainable high yield and quality of grape and peanut, and further improves the comprehensive output capacity of the land.

[0054] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of intercropping peanut with southern grape, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The planting land is planned in a north-south direction, deep ploughing is performed, and fertilization is performed, grape cultivation is performed by using a fence or a shed, and a peanut planting area is reserved in a large ridge double-row mode between grape rows, and peanuts are sown in the peanut planting area after grape sprouting; A multi-source heterogeneous sensor is deployed on the planted land to monitor environmental data of grape and peanut growth, and the environmental data is transmitted to an AI decision center for analysis to obtain decision instructions, and water and fertilizer management and agricultural machine cooperative operation are performed based on the decision instructions; Biodiversity is used for disease and pest control, and straw resource utilization is implemented for soil ecological restoration, the biodiversity includes releasing natural enemy insects and applying microbial agents; Peanuts are harvested when the lower leaves of peanut plants turn yellow, shed and pods mature, and grapes are harvested when grape fruit color is bright and sugar content meets the standard, and the field is cleaned and equipment is maintained after harvesting; The analysis is performed by constructing a crop growth model by the AI decision center according to the environmental data, including a grape growth model based on an LSTM neural network and a peanut growth model based on a CNN, and a decision instruction is generated by a reinforcement learning algorithm, the decision instruction includes water and fertilizer management, disease and pest control, and agricultural machine scheduling instructions; When the reinforcement learning algorithm generates decision instructions, it constructs a multi-objective reward function that includes grape and peanut growth indicators, with the formula: R t =α·R 葡萄 (S t )+β·R 花生 (S t )+γ·R 环境 (S t ), where R t Let R be the total reward value at time t, α + β + γ = 1 and α, β, γ ∈ (0, 1) are the weighting coefficients, and R is the total reward value at time t. 葡萄 (S t This includes grape fruit indicators, such as sugar content growth rate and shoot length. 花生 (S t This includes peanut indicators, such as pod fullness, leaf chlorophyll content, and R. 环境 (S t It includes environmental benefit indicators, such as soil moisture use efficiency and light energy use efficiency, and maximizes cumulative discount rewards. Generate decision instructions, where γ is the discount factor; In the water and fertilizer management, the drip irrigation amount calculation formula of grape is I=(θ opt -θ)·V·ρ, wherein θ opt is the optimal water content, θ is the real-time monitored soil water content, V is the wet soil layer volume, and ρ is the soil bulk density; the drip irrigation of peanut adopts the film drip irrigation combined with the water retaining agent, the water retaining agent dosage is 5 kg / mu, and the agricultural machinery cooperative operation includes pruning of grape branches, variable seeding of peanut, fruit harvesting, and quality grading.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The planting land has a daily drainage capacity of not less than 30 mm in the rainy season, and the planting area has a daily average illumination time of not less than 6 hours, the deep ploughing has a depth of 30-40 cm, the fertilization is that 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50-100 kg of superphosphate are applied per mu and mixed uniformly, and for acid soil, 50-100 kg of lime is applied per mu to adjust the pH value to 6.0-6.5, the grape cultivation has a row distance of 2.5-3 m and a plant distance of 1-2 m.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The grape variety is a wet and disease-resistant variety, including Xiahei and Yangguangmeigui, and the grape is soaked in 5 Bémei stone sulfur mixture for 10-15 minutes for disinfection before planting, the peanut planting area has a ridge height of 30 cm and a ridge surface width of 55 cm, the peanut variety is a shade-tolerant, waterlogging-tolerant and disease-resistant variety, including Youyou 43 and Hanghua No. 2, and the seeds are sunned and treated with carbendazim before sowing, the sown peanut has a plant distance of 15-20 cm and a row distance of 25-30 cm, the sunning time is 2-3 days, the seed spreading thickness is not more than 5 cm, and the seeds are turned over 2-3 times a day.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The multi-source heterogeneous sensor includes a six-element weather station installed at the top of the fence or the shed 2 m away, a micro temperature and humidity sensor arranged between grape vine leaves, and a soil moisture sensor buried in the soil of the grape and peanut planting area at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm, a hyperspectral imaging sensor and a pest monitoring lamp are arranged in the peanut planting area, the environmental data includes weather data, soil data and crop physiological data, the weather data includes illumination intensity, temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, wind speed and rainfall, the soil data includes water content, electrical conductivity, pH value and heavy metal ion content of different depth soil layers, and the crop physiological data includes crop leaf spectrum characteristic data and disease and pest data.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission adopts 5G and Beidou satellite communication double links for transmission, and preprocessing is carried out at the edge computing node, the preprocessing includes image denoising by bilateral filtering, sensor data processing by Kalman filtering, and data compression by Zstandard algorithm.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The straw resource utilization is to crush grape branches and peanut straw, produce biochar, organic fertilizer and feed through biological fermentation technology, use biochar for soil improvement, return organic fertilizer to the field, and use feed for forest breeding.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The natural enemy insect release includes 5000 heads / mu of Neoseiulus californicus for red spider mite control at grape leaf expansion stage, and 2000 heads / mu of Orius sauteri for thrips control at flowering stage, and 7 days before peanut sowing, 2 kg / mu of Beauveria bassiana granules with ≥10 8 CFU / g of Beauveria bassiana granules, and 2 kg / mu of Trichoderma harzianum granules with ≥10 8 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis granules, and 2 kg / mu of Trichoderma harzianum granules with ≥10 8 CFU / g of Bacillus subtilis granules, and 2 kg / mu of Trichoderma harzianum granules with ≥10

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