Low-temperature flotation foaming system and flotation device and method applying same

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flotation equipment, in particular to a low-temperature flotation foaming system and a flotation device and method applying the system. Comprising a temperature adjusting interlayer formed by an inner-layer flotation tank and an outer-layer flotation tank, a mixing pipe supporting mechanism used for releasing bubbles in the inner-layer flotation tank, a refrigerating mechanism arranged in the temperature adjusting interlayer and a bubble making mechanism communicated with the temperature adjusting interlayer through an air inlet pipe, a vacuum pump is arranged on the air inlet pipe, and the bubble making mechanism comprises a gas-liquid mixing cavity. The bubble making cavity is arranged on the lower side of the gas-liquid mixing cavity, a water outlet pipe with an opening gradually enlarged is formed at the bottom of the bubble making cavity and communicated with the mixing supporting pipe, the inner-layer flotation tank is communicated with the gas-liquid mixing cavity through a circulating water pipe, and a draw-off pump is arranged on the circulating water pipe. The equipment can generate low-temperature stable bubbles, can control the low-temperature environment, meets the reaction efficiency of chemicals and minerals, and solves the problem of adaptability of a flotation machine in the low-temperature environment in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flotation equipment, and in particular to a low-temperature flotation bubble-making system, a flotation device and a method using the system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mineral processing, the separation efficiency of flotation machines highly depends on the interfacial reaction characteristics between reagents and minerals. For special flotation reagents containing thermosensitive active components, such as certain organic chelating agents and low-temperature activating collectors, the molecular structure stability and reaction activity threshold are strictly limited to the low-temperature range, usually maintained at 0 to 15°C. However, the current mainstream flotation equipment lacks the ability to control the thermodynamic environment. Existing flotation systems generally do not integrate professional refrigeration modules and only rely on natural cooling or indirect heat exchange with external cold sources. As a result, the system temperature of the pulp does not meet the temperature requirements during the high-speed stirring of the impeller and the air compression and inflation processes. In terms of bubble generation, the viscosity of the pulp increases under low-temperature conditions. The increase in pulp viscosity makes it difficult for the traditional hollow-shaft inflation method to generate finely dispersed bubbles, and the dispersion effect of bubble formation is poor. The traditional hollow-shaft inflation method is prone to form large bubbles. The mobility of the reagent adsorption layer on the bubble surface decreases at low temperatures, resulting in a decrease in the mineral attachment efficiency. During the rising process of large bubbles, due to the insufficient mobility of the reagent adsorption layer, the interfacial shear force easily causes the bubble film to rupture. Coupled with the relatively high temperature on the surface of the pulp, the sudden encounter of bubbles with a temperature increase will also cause rupture, and the foam layer is unstable, resulting in a decrease in flotation recovery rate.

[0003] Therefore, a flotation device that can generate low-temperature stable bubbles, control the low-temperature environment, and meet the reaction efficiency between reagents and minerals is needed to solve the problem of the adaptability of flotation machines in low-temperature environments in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problems mentioned above, the present invention provides a low-temperature flotation bubble-making system, a flotation device and a method using the system.

[0005] In a first aspect, a low-temperature flotation bubble-making system provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A low-temperature flotation bubble-making system includes a temperature control interlayer formed by an inner flotation tank and an outer flotation tank, a mixing support pipe mechanism for releasing bubbles in the inner flotation tank, a refrigeration mechanism arranged in the temperature control interlayer, a bubble-making mechanism communicated with the temperature control interlayer through an air inlet pipe. A vacuum pump is provided on the air inlet pipe. The bubble-making mechanism includes a gas-liquid mixing cavity, a bubble-making cavity arranged under the gas-liquid mixing cavity. An outlet pipe with a gradually expanding opening is formed at the bottom of the bubble-making cavity. A partition is provided between the gas-liquid mixing cavity and the bubble-making cavity. A cylindrical channel hole is provided on the partition. The outlet pipe is communicated with the mixing support pipe. The inner flotation tank is communicated with the gas-liquid mixing cavity through a circulating water pipe. A pumping pump is provided on the circulating water pipe.

[0006] Further, an intake air passage pipe is connected to the intake pipe, a liquid inlet passage pipe is connected to the circulating water pipe, a sealing cavity is provided above the gas-liquid mixing cavity, the liquid inlet passage pipe is rotatably arranged in the sealing cavity through a bearing group, a sealing member is provided at the connection between the circulating water pipe and the liquid inlet passage pipe, and the intake air direction of the intake pipe is perpendicular to the air flow direction of the intake air passage pipe.

[0007] Further, a power assembly for driving the rotation of the liquid inlet passage pipe is provided between the sealing cavity and the gas-liquid mixing cavity. The power assembly includes a gear seat, a driving gear arranged in the gear seat, a driven gear meshing with the driving gear, and a motor for driving the driving gear. The driven gear is fixedly arranged on the liquid inlet passage pipe.

[0008] Further, the refrigeration mechanism includes a heat exchange coil pipe, a compressor connected to the liquid inlet end of the heat exchange coil pipe, an expansion valve connected to the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange coil pipe. The liquid outlet end is connected to a cold liquid coil pipe. A plurality of heat dissipation plates are provided on the heat exchange coil pipe, and a plurality of cold expansion plates are provided on the cold liquid coil pipe.

[0009] Further, a heat absorption frame in a converging shape is provided at the rear end of the heat exchange coil pipe. A heat absorption fan is arranged inside the heat absorption frame. The heat absorption frame is connected to a heat dissipation box through a heat discharge channel. The heat dissipation box is arranged at the bottom side of the heat exchange coil pipe. A cold dissipation frame in a converging shape is provided at the rear end of the cold liquid coil pipe. A roller-shaped blowing fan is arranged inside the cold dissipation frame. A blocking baffle is provided at the front end of the heat exchange coil pipe. The blocking baffle is fixedly installed on the heat absorption frame, and a ventilation fan is provided on the blocking baffle.

[0010] Further, the mixing and supporting pipe mechanism includes a mixing column arranged vertically, a bottom plate fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the mixing column. The upper end of the mixing column extends out of the inner flotation tank, and the lower end is located at the bottom of the inner flotation tank. An inlet slurry pipe and an inlet foam pipe are connected to the mixing column. The inlet foam pipe is connected to the water outlet pipe of the foam generating mechanism. A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the mixing column, and outer stirring blades are arranged in a circumferential array on the bottom plate.

[0011] Further, the mixing and supporting pipe mechanism further includes a stirring assembly. The stirring assembly includes a stirring shaft arranged in the mixing column, a stirring motor connected to the stirring shaft through a belt drive, and inner stirring blades arranged in a circumferential array at the bottom end of the stirring shaft. The inner stirring blades are arranged inside the outer stirring blades.

[0012] Further, the inner flotation tank is formed with a ventilation plate inclined towards the inside of the tank body, and ventilation holes are formed in an array on the ventilation plate.

[0013] In a second aspect, a flotation device applying the low-temperature flotation and foam generating system includes a flotation machine main body and the low-temperature flotation and foam generating system according to any one of the above.

[0014] In a third aspect, a flotation method using the low-temperature flotation bubble making system comprises: Start the refrigeration mechanism, use the heat sink, cold expansion plate, heat absorption fan and blowing fan to dissipate heat through the heat absorption frame, heat exhaust channel and heat dissipation box, use the ventilation fan to assist the air circulation in front of the heat exchange coil, and at the same time, the ventilation holes of the inner flotation tank cool the upper surface of the slurry.

[0015] Turn on the vacuum pump, and use the extraction pump to pump the upper water in the inner flotation tank into the gas-liquid mixing chamber through the circulating water pipe and the liquid inlet channel pipe. The power component drives the liquid inlet channel pipe to rotate, so that the slurry and air are fully stirred and mixed in the gas-liquid mixing chamber to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid. The stirring motor is turned on, and the stirring shaft is driven to rotate through the belt drive, so that the inner stirring blade rotates. The inner stirring blade cooperates with the outer stirring blade on the bottom plate to stir and mix the slurry and microbubbles in the mixing column.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The present invention proposes a low-temperature flotation bubble making system, a flotation device and a method using the system. Through the double circulation structure of the heat exchange coil and the cold liquid coil in the temperature regulating interlayer, in combination with the compressor, the expansion valve, the heat sink and the cold expansion plate, the temperature of the inner flotation tank can be maintained at a low temperature, which solves the inefficiency problem of traditional equipment relying on natural cooling or an external cold source. In addition, through the multi-directional airflow organization of the heat absorbing fan, the blowing fan and the ventilation fan, the directional and rapid heat extraction is achieved, the energy consumption is reduced, the decomposition or conformational change of the functional group caused by the excessive temperature is avoided, the effective concentration of the reagent is improved, and the unit reagent consumption is greatly reduced.

[0017] 2. The present invention has auxiliary cooling of the pulp surface. Through the inclined ventilation plate of the inner flotation tank, a low-speed airflow is blown obliquely to the pulp surface. Under the premise of avoiding bubble rupture, the upper surface temperature of the pulp can be reduced, and a large number of bubbles can be avoided from rupturing due to the surface temperature of the pulp being higher than the internal temperature, thereby prolonging the mineral attachment time.

[0018] 3. The stability and attachment efficiency of microbubble generation in the present invention are improved. The power assembly drives the liquid inlet channel tube to rotate, so that the slurry and air form a spiral shear flow field in the gas-liquid mixing cavity. The air is broken into microbubbles, forming a form of gas enveloping liquid. Compared with the large bubbles inflated by the traditional hollow shaft, the specific surface area is increased by 2-3 times, the bubble generation is more dense, and the agent adsorption efficiency is significantly improved. The expanded water outlet pipe at the bottom of the bubble-making cavity reduces the flow rate of the gas-liquid mixed fluid, and the sudden pressure drop causes the supersaturated air to precipitate in a directional manner, forming a uniform microbubble group, which improves the bubble stability under low temperature conditions.

[0019] 4. The inner stirring blades and the outer stirring blades of the hybrid support pipe mechanism of the present invention are arranged in a reverse staggered layer, forming a double-vortex shear flow field in the mixing column, increasing the contact area between microbubbles and pulp, greatly enhancing the collision probability between mineral particles and bubbles, and improving the separation efficiency in a low-temperature environment. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner flotation tank and the outer flotation tank according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the bubble-making mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 is of Embodiment 1 of the present invention Figure 3 partial enlarged view of A therein; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the refrigeration mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the refrigeration mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the refrigeration mechanism from another angle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat absorption fan and the blowing fan according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the hybrid support pipe mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the stirring assembly according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Description of the Reference Numerals: 1. Inner flotation tank; 101. Outer flotation tank; 102. Ventilation plate; 103. Ventilation hole; 2. Mixing support pipe mechanism; 201. Mixing column; 202. Bottom plate; 203. Feed slurry pipe; 204. Feed foam pipe; 205. Discharge port; 206. Outer stirring blade; 207. Chemical addition pipe; 3. Refrigeration mechanism; 301. Heat exchange coil pipe; 302. Heat dissipation plate; 303. Compressor; 304. Expansion valve; 305. Cold liquid coil pipe; 306. Cold expansion plate; 307. Heat absorption frame; 308. Heat absorption fan; 309. Heat dissipation box; 310. Cold dissipation frame; 311. Blowing fan; 312. Barrier baffle; 313. Ventilation fan; 4. Foam generation mechanism; 401. Sealed cavity; 402. Gas-liquid mixing cavity; 403. Foam generation cavity; 404. Water outlet pipe; 405. Partition plate; 406. Channel hole; 407. Seal; 408. Bearing group; 409. Intake pipe; 410. Intake channel pipe; 411. Circulation water pipe; 412. Feed liquid channel pipe; 5. Power assembly; 501. Gear seat; 502. Driving gear; 503. Driven gear; 504. Gear motor; 6. Vacuum pump; 601. Extraction pump; 7. Stirring assembly; 701. Stirring shaft; 702. Belt; 703. Stirring motor; 704. Inner stirring blade. Detailed implementation mode

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Embodiment 1 Refer to Figure 1 , a low-temperature flotation foam generation system of this embodiment includes a temperature regulation interlayer formed by an inner flotation tank 1 and an outer flotation tank 101, a mixing support pipe mechanism 2 for releasing bubbles in the inner flotation tank 1, a refrigeration mechanism 3 arranged in the temperature regulation interlayer, and a foam generation mechanism 4 communicated with the temperature regulation interlayer through an intake pipe 409. A vacuum pump 6 is arranged on the intake pipe 409. Refer to Figure 3 , the foam generation mechanism 4 includes a gas-liquid mixing cavity 402, a foam generation cavity 403 arranged on the lower side of the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402. An outlet water pipe 404 with a gradually expanding opening is formed at the bottom of the foam generation cavity 403. A partition plate 405 is arranged between the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402 and the foam generation cavity 403. A cylindrical channel hole 406 is arranged on the partition plate 405. The outlet water pipe 404 is communicated with the mixing support pipe. The inner flotation tank 1 is communicated with the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402 through a circulation water pipe 411. An extraction pump 601 is arranged on the circulation water pipe 411.

[0024] Refer to Figure 4, the intake pipe 409 is connected to an intake passage pipe 410, the circulating water pipe 411 is connected to a liquid inlet passage pipe 412, a sealing cavity 401 is provided above the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402, the liquid inlet passage pipe 412 is rotatably arranged in the sealing cavity 401 through a bearing group 408, a seal 407 is provided at the connection between the circulating water pipe 411 and the liquid inlet passage pipe 412, and the intake direction of the intake pipe 409 is perpendicular to the air flow direction of the intake passage pipe 410.

[0025] The bubble generation mechanism 4 is the core component for generating microbubbles in a low-temperature environment. Through the multi-stage coupling of vacuum suction, rotary shear, and Venturi effect, it solves the problem of difficult bubble dispersion caused by the increase in pulp viscosity at low temperatures. In the first stage, the initial gas-liquid mixing stage, the vacuum pump 6 extracts air and injects it tangentially into the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402 through the intake pipe 409. At the same time, the extraction pump 601 transports the clear liquid of the upper-layer pulp in the inner flotation cell 1 to the liquid inlet passage pipe 412 through the circulating water pipe 411. A filtering device is installed at one end of the circulating water pipe 411 placed in the cell to prevent large particles of ore from entering the circulating water pipe 411. The liquid inlet passage pipe 412 rotates at a high speed under the drive of the power component 5, causing the pulp to be sprayed into the mixing cavity in a tangential direction. As Figure 4 shown, the nozzle of the injection is eccentrically arranged, forming a strong shear turbulence in the bubble generation cavity 403. This high-shear environment destroys the gas-liquid interfacial tension, breaks large bubbles into fine bubbles, and at the same time forms a gas-in-liquid morphology, making the bubbles denser and initially achieving a uniform mixing of the gas-liquid two phases.

[0026] In the second stage, the bubble refinement and stabilization stage, the mixed gas-liquid fluid enters the bubble generation cavity 403 through the cylindrical channel holes 406 on the partition plate 405. Due to the narrow cylindrical channel holes 406, the liquid flow rate is accelerated. The outlet water pipe 404 at the bottom adopts a gradually expanding structure design, and the Venturi effect is used to cause a sudden change in pressure drop when the fluid passes through. As the pressure drops suddenly, the air dissolved in the pulp precipitates oversaturatedly, forming a large number of microbubbles. At the same time, the gradually expanding outlet has a stretching effect on the bubbles, further refining the particle size and improving the uniformity of the bubble distribution, providing a sufficient gas-liquid contact interface for the subsequent mineralization reaction. Since cold air in the interlayer is used to generate bubbles, the temperature difference between the bubbles and the pulp is reduced, and the bubble layer generated by such bubbles is more stable, improving the final flotation effect.

[0027] Refer to Figure 4 , a power component 5 for driving the liquid inlet passage pipe 412 to rotate is provided between the sealing cavity 401 and the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402. The power component 5 includes a gear seat 501, a driving gear 502 arranged in the gear seat 501, a driven gear 503 meshing with the driving gear 502, and a motor for driving the driving gear 502. The driven gear 503 is fixedly arranged on the liquid inlet passage pipe 412.

[0028] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the refrigeration mechanism 3 includes a heat exchange coil 301, a compressor 303 connected to the liquid inlet end of the heat exchange coil 301, and an expansion valve 304 connected to the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange coil 301. The liquid outlet end is communicated with a cold liquid coil 305. A plurality of heat dissipation plates 302 are provided on the heat exchange coil 301, and a plurality of cold expansion plates 306 are provided on the cold liquid coil 305.

[0029] The device adopts an inner and outer double-layer tank structure. A closed temperature control interlayer is formed between the inner flotation tank 1 and the outer tank body. The temperature in the interlayer is actively regulated through the built-in refrigeration mechanism 3. The refrigeration mechanism 3 is based on the reverse Carnot cycle principle, and the directional transfer of heat is realized through the phase change process of the refrigerant: during the heat exchange process, the refrigerant is converted from a gaseous state to a high-temperature and high-pressure state under the action of the compressor 303. When flowing through the heat exchange coil 301 in the interlayer, heat exchange is carried out with the medium in the interlayer through the metal pipe wall, and the heat is released to the outside; subsequently, the refrigerant is depressurized and cooled by the expansion valve 304 and enters the cold liquid coil 305 in a liquid state, absorbs heat and vaporizes in the interlayer, thereby reducing the ambient temperature of the inner flotation tank 1. This process is continuously cycled to form a stable low-temperature field in the interlayer, providing the required low-temperature environment for the inner pulp. The heat exchange coil 301 and the cold liquid coil 305 in the interlayer adopt a spiral layout, and the flow of the fluid is guided by the guide plate to ensure uniform distribution of the cold quantity. Reference Figure 2 , the inner wall of the inner tank body is provided with inclined ventilation plates 102, and ventilation holes 103 are evenly distributed on the plates, forming a convection with the external cold air flow to assist in cooling the surface of the pulp, further improving the uniformity of the low-temperature field, avoiding the influence of local temperature rise on the surface of the pulp on the activity of the reagent, and avoiding a large number of explosions caused by temperature rise when the bubbles break through the surface, thereby affecting the stability of the foam layer. Especially when the surface temperature is high, the foam layer will become thinner, and the fluctuation of the foam layer will cause some of the originally captured flotation targets to fail due to foam rupture. By reducing the temperature difference between the surface and the inside of the pulp, the stability of the foam layer is greatly improved, the thickness of the foam layer is increased, and the recovery rate of the target is improved.

[0030] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 , a heat absorption frame 307 in a converging shape is provided at the rear end of the heat exchange coil 301. A heat absorption fan 308 is built in the heat absorption frame 307. The heat absorption frame 307 is communicated with a heat dissipation box 309 through a heat discharge channel. The heat dissipation box 309 is placed on the bottom side of the heat exchange coil 301. A cold dissipation frame 310 in a converging shape is provided at the rear end of the cold liquid coil 305. Reference Figure 8 , a roller-shaped blowing fan 311 is built in the cold dissipation frame 310. A blocking baffle 312 is provided at the front end of the heat exchange coil 301. The blocking baffle 312 is fixedly installed on the heat absorption frame 307, and a ventilation fan 313 is provided on the blocking baffle 312.

[0031] Referring to Figure 9 , the mixing and supporting pipe mechanism 2 includes a mixing column 201 arranged vertically, a bottom plate 202 fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the mixing column 201. The upper end of the mixing column 201 extends out of the inner flotation cell 1, and the lower end is located at the bottom of the inner flotation cell 1. An inlet slurry pipe 203, an inlet bubble pipe 204 and a medicine adding pipe 207 are connected to the mixing column 201. The inlet bubble pipe 204 is communicated with the water outlet pipe 404 of the bubble generating mechanism 4. A discharge port 205 is arranged at the bottom of the mixing column 201. Outer stirring blades 206 are arranged in a circumferential array on the bottom plate 202.

[0032] Referring to Figure 10 , the mixing and supporting pipe mechanism 2 further includes a stirring assembly 7. The stirring assembly 7 includes a stirring shaft 701 arranged in the mixing column 201, a stirring motor belt-drivenly connected to the stirring shaft 701, and inner stirring blades 704 arranged in a circumferential array at the bottom end of the stirring shaft 701. The inner stirring blades 704 are placed inside the outer stirring blades 206.

[0033] The composite stirring and mixing assembly enhances the mineralization reaction. The mixing and supporting pipe mechanism 2 serves as the dynamic reaction center of pulp, bubbles and medicine, and adopts a double-shaft stirring structure of "inner stirring and outer rotation". The three-phase mixing efficiency is significantly improved through flow field optimization: inner layer shear mixing, the stirring shaft 701 drives the inner stirring blades 704 to rotate at a high speed, forming a radial turbulent flow inside the mixing column 201, and strongly shearing the pulp. This turbulent effect not only breaks coarse particles, but also promotes the rapid diffusion of medicine molecules and evenly distributes them in the pulp. At the same time, the slurry with bubbles flows into the tank, and under stirring, it ensures full contact between bubbles and mineral particles.

[0034] Outer layer swirl lifting, the outer stirring blades 206 on the bottom plate 202 rotate at a lower speed, forming an axial circulating flow outside the mixing column 201, and guiding the pulp and bubbles to rise along a spiral path. This swirl prolongs the residence time of bubbles in the pulp and increases the collision probability between bubbles and mineral particles. The speed difference between the inner and outer stirring blades 206 forms a shear rate gradient, enabling particles of different particle sizes to obtain different kinetic energies in the flow field, strengthening the selective adsorption of particles and bubbles, and improving the mineralization reaction efficiency.

[0035] The core mechanism of the flotation machine is to utilize the differences in hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on the surfaces of different minerals. Hydrophobic minerals are easily attached to the bubbles and float upward with the bubbles. Hydrophilic minerals are not easily attached to the bubbles and remain in the pulp. By adding flotation reagents (such as collectors, frothers, regulators, etc.), the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the mineral surfaces is changed to enhance the separation effect. The collector adsorbs on the surface of the target mineral, making it hydrophobic. The frother reduces the surface tension of water, promotes the stable generation of bubbles and maintains the foam layer. The regulator adjusts the pH value of the pulp, inhibits or activates specific minerals, and improves the separation selectivity. The bubbles attached with minerals have a lower density than the pulp and float upward to the liquid surface to form a foam layer; the hydrophilic mineral particles sink to the bottom of the cell and are discharged through the underflow port. The foam layer is scraped out by a scraper to become a foam product containing the target mineral; the pulp at the bottom of the cell is discharged as tailings. Through the low-temperature flotation bubble-making system of this embodiment, the pulp temperature can be adjusted to meet the requirements of activating the collector at low temperature, and the molecular structure stability and reaction activity threshold of which are strictly limited to the low-temperature range, maintained at 0 to 15 °C. At the same time, due to the temperature control of the periphery and surface of the pulp, and the gas of the bubbles comes from the cold air in the interlayer, the actual temperature difference between the bubbles and the pulp is not large. At the same time, the inner flotation cell 1 is formed with a ventilation plate 102 inclined towards the inside of the cell body, and the ventilation plate 102 is formed with ventilation holes 103 distributed in an array to adjust the temperature of the pulp surface, so that the bubbles are not easily thermally ruptured during the rising process, affecting the flotation effect.

[0036] A flotation device applying the low-temperature flotation bubble-making system includes a flotation machine main body and also includes the low-temperature flotation bubble-making system described in the above embodiment.

[0037] A flotation method applying the low-temperature flotation bubble-making system includes: Start the refrigeration mechanism 3, utilize the heat dissipation plate 302, the cold expansion plate 306 to cooperate with the heat absorption fan 308 and the blowing fan 311, realize heat dissipation through the heat absorption frame 307, the heat discharge channel and the heat dissipation box 309, assist the air circulation at the front end of the heat exchange coil 301 through the ventilation fan 313, and at the same time, the ventilation holes 103 of the inner flotation cell 1 cool the upper surface of the pulp.

[0038] Turn on the vacuum pump 6, pump the upper layer of water in the inner flotation cell 1 into the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402 through the circulating water pipe 411 and the liquid inlet channel pipe 412 by the extraction pump 601, and the power assembly 5 drives the liquid inlet channel pipe 412 to rotate, so that the pulp and air are fully stirred and mixed in the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402 to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid.

[0039] Turn on the stirring motor, drive the stirring shaft 701 to rotate through belt transmission, make the inner stirring blades 704 rotate, and the inner stirring blades 704 cooperate with the outer stirring blades 206 on the bottom plate 202 to stir and mix the pulp and microbubbles in the mixing column 201.

[0040] Step 1: First, enter the low-temperature environment for initialization. Start the refrigeration mechanism 3. Through the cyclic phase change of the refrigerant, a target low-temperature field is constructed in the temperature-adjusting interlayer. The cold quantity is conducted to the inner flotation cell 1 through the wall surface of the interlayer. At the same time, the air-permeable plate 102 guides the convection of cold air to assist in cooling the surface of the pulp, ensuring that the pulp temperature quickly stabilizes in the low-temperature range required for the reagent reaction.

[0041] Step 2: Gas-liquid mixing and bubble generation. The vacuum pump 6 and the extraction pump 601 work together to transport air and pulp to the gas-liquid mixing cavity 402. The high-speed rotating liquid inlet channel pipe 412 enables the pulp and air to be fully mixed under strong shear force, forming a preliminary gas-liquid mixture. The bubbles are further refined by the Venturi effect in the bubble generation cavity 403 to generate a group of microbubbles with uniform particle sizes, providing sufficient carriers for the attachment of minerals.

[0042] Step 3: Mineralization reaction and foam separation. The pulp containing microbubbles enters the mixing support pipe mechanism 2. Through the combined action of the inner and outer stirring blades 206, a flow field coupled with turbulence and swirl is formed. The reagent maintains stable activity at low temperature and undergoes directional adsorption with mineral particles, attaching to the surface of the bubbles to form mineralized bubbles. The mineralized bubbles rise to the foam stable area and enter the foam tank through the overflow weir, completing the sorting process.

[0043] This embodiment has a breakthrough in low-temperature adaptability. Through the integrated design of the temperature-adjusting interlayer and the refrigeration mechanism 3, the control of the low-temperature environment of 0 - 15°C is achieved, solving the low-efficiency problem of traditional equipment relying on natural cooling or external cold sources, ensuring the stability of the active groups of heat-sensitive reagents, and improving the reaction selectivity. The quality of the bubbles is optimized. By the synergistic action of rotational shear and the Venturi effect, fine and uniformly distributed microbubbles are generated in the low-temperature and high-viscosity pulp, significantly increasing the gas-liquid mass transfer specific surface area and enhancing the adsorption efficiency of minerals and reagents. The mixing efficiency is improved. The composite flow field constructed by the double-axis stirring structure enables the pulp to achieve three-dimensional mixing in radial shear and axial swirl, strengthening particle collision while prolonging the bubble residence time, accelerating the mineralization reaction from the kinetic level, and improving the sorting rate and accuracy.

[0044] As a technical solution of the present invention, the provided hardware settings are only for facilitating the realization of specific braking control based on the hardware facilities. How to specifically achieve braking control and the braking control method are not the technical problems to be solved and the objects to be protected by the present invention. At the same time, the communication methods between devices all adopt existing communication methods, which are not the invention points of this application.

[0045] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other form. Any person skilled in the relevant art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, as long as they do not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, any simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature flotation foaming system, characterized in that, It includes a temperature-adjusting interlayer formed by an inner flotation tank (1) and an outer flotation tank (101), a mixing support pipe mechanism (2) for releasing bubbles in the inner flotation tank (1), a refrigeration mechanism (3) arranged in the temperature-adjusting interlayer, a bubble-making mechanism (4) communicated with the temperature-adjusting interlayer through an air inlet pipe (409), a vacuum pump (6) provided on the air inlet pipe (409), the bubble-making mechanism (4) includes a gas-liquid mixing cavity (402), a bubble-making cavity (403) arranged on the lower side of the gas-liquid mixing cavity (402), a water outlet pipe (404) with an opening gradually expanding formed at the bottom of the bubble-making cavity (403), a partition plate (405) provided between the gas-liquid mixing cavity (402) and the bubble-making cavity (403), a cylindrical channel hole (406) provided on the partition plate (405), the water outlet pipe (404) is communicated with the mixing support pipe, and the inner flotation tank (1) is communicated with the gas-liquid mixing cavity (402) through a circulating water pipe (411), and a pumping pump (601) is provided on the circulating water pipe (411).

2. The low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlet pipe (409) is communicated with an air inlet channel pipe (410), the circulating water pipe (411) is communicated with a liquid inlet channel pipe (412), a sealing cavity (401) is provided above the gas-liquid mixing cavity (402), the liquid inlet channel pipe (412) is rotatably arranged in the sealing cavity (401) through a bearing group (408), a sealing member (407) is provided at the connection of the circulating water pipe (411) and the liquid inlet channel pipe (412), and the air inlet direction of the air inlet pipe (409) is perpendicular to the air flow direction of the air inlet channel pipe (410).

3. The low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to claim 2, wherein, A power assembly (5) for driving the liquid inlet channel pipe (412) to rotate is provided between the sealing cavity (401) and the gas-liquid mixing cavity (402), the power assembly (5) includes a gear seat (501), a driving gear (502) arranged in the gear seat (501), a driven gear (503) meshed with the driving gear (502), a gear motor (504) for driving the driving gear (502), and the driven gear (503) is fixedly arranged on the liquid inlet channel pipe (412).

4. The low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The refrigeration mechanism (3) includes a heat exchange coil pipe (301), a compressor (303) connected to the liquid inlet end of the heat exchange coil pipe (301), an expansion valve (304) connected to the liquid outlet end of the heat exchange coil pipe (301), the liquid outlet end is communicated with a cold liquid coil pipe (305), a plurality of heat dissipation plates (302) are provided on the heat exchange coil pipe (301), and a plurality of cold expansion plates (306) are provided on the cold liquid coil pipe (305).

5. The low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to claim 4, characterized in that A heat absorption frame (307) in a converged shape is provided at the rear end of the heat exchange coil pipe (301). A heat absorption fan (308) is arranged inside the heat absorption frame (307). The heat absorption frame (307) is communicated with a heat dissipation box (309) through a heat discharge channel. The heat dissipation box (309) is placed at the bottom side of the heat exchange coil pipe (301). A cold dissipation frame (310) in a converged shape is provided at the rear end of the cold liquid coil pipe (305). A roller-shaped blowing fan (311) is arranged inside the cold dissipation frame (310). A barrier baffle (312) is provided at the front end of the heat exchange coil pipe (301). The barrier baffle (312) is fixedly installed on the heat absorption frame (307). A ventilation fan (313) is arranged on the barrier baffle (312).

6. The low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to claim 1, wherein The mixing and supporting pipe mechanism (2) includes a mixing column (201) arranged vertically, and a bottom plate (202) fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the mixing column (201). The upper end of the mixing column (201) extends out of the inner flotation cell (1), and the lower end is located at the bottom of the inner flotation cell (1). An inlet slurry pipe (203) and an inlet bubble pipe (204) are connected to the mixing column (201). The inlet bubble pipe (204) is communicated with a water outlet pipe (404) of the bubble generating mechanism (4). A discharge port (205) is arranged at the bottom of the mixing column (201). Outer stirring blades (206) are arranged in a circumferential array on the bottom plate (202).

7. The low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing and supporting pipe mechanism (2) further includes a stirring assembly (7). The stirring assembly (7) includes a stirring shaft (701) arranged inside the mixing column (201), a stirring motor belt-drivenly connected to the stirring shaft (701), and inner stirring blades (704) arranged in a circumferential array at the bottom end of the stirring shaft (701). The inner stirring blades (704) are arranged inside the outer stirring blades (206).

8. The low-temperature flotation bubble-making system according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner flotation cell (1) is formed with a ventilation plate (102) inclined towards the inside of the cell body. Ventilation holes (103) are formed in an array on the ventilation plate (102).

9. A flotation device applying the low-temperature flotation foaming system, characterized in that, It includes a flotation machine main body, and further includes the low-temperature flotation bubble generating system according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A flotation method using this low-temperature flotation foaming system, characterized in that, Using the flotation device applying the low-temperature flotation bubble generating system according to claim 9 for flotation, includes the following steps: Start the refrigeration mechanism (3). Utilize the heat dissipation plate (302), the cold expansion plate (306), cooperate with the heat absorption fan (308) and the blowing fan (311), and realize heat dissipation through the heat absorption frame (307), the heat discharge channel and the heat dissipation box (309). Assist the air circulation at the front end of the heat exchange coil pipe (301) through the ventilation fan (313). At the same time, the ventilation holes (103) of the inner flotation cell (1) cool the upper surface of the pulp; Turn on the vacuum pump (6). Use the extraction pump (601) to pump the upper layer of water in the inner flotation cell (1) into the gas-liquid mixing cavity (402) through the circulating water pipe (411) and the liquid inlet channel pipe (412). The power assembly (5) drives the liquid inlet channel pipe (412) to rotate, so that the pulp and air are fully stirred and mixed in the gas-liquid mixing cavity (402) to form a gas-liquid mixed fluid; Start the stirring motor, drive the stirring shaft (701) to rotate by belt drive, so that the inner stirring blades (704) rotate. The inner stirring blades (704) cooperate with the outer stirring blades (206) on the bottom plate (202) to stir and mix the pulp and microbubbles in the mixing column (201).

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