A method for preparing titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer, which belongs to the technical field of metal-based composite material preparation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, surface treatment of the steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate smooth and rust-free, and fixing the steel plate in an ultrasonic composite device; S2, using metal foil as a raw material, preparing a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the steel plate by ultrasonic composite; S3, using titanium foil as a raw material, preparing a thin titanium layer on the surface of the metal intermediate layer by ultrasonic composite. The preparation method of the present invention utilizes a transducer to convert ultrasonic energy into high-frequency vibration, so that interlayer friction is generated at the metal interface, promoting local plastic deformation and atomic diffusion to achieve solid-state metallurgical bonding between metals. The obtained titanium / steel heterogeneous structural material has a dense structure, can achieve metallurgical bonding between heterogeneous interfaces, and can avoid the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. The interface mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are excellent, and it has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of metal-based composite materials, and in particular to a method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer. Background Art

[0002] Titanium / steel heterogeneous structural materials combine titanium or titanium alloy with steel through a specific preparation method to form a composite material with different physical, chemical and mechanical properties. It combines the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium and the structural stability of steel, and has high strength, high toughness and high corrosion resistance, while reducing the application cost of titanium. It has been widely used in many engineering fields such as submarine data centers, ship hulls, nuclear power condensers, engine blades, etc.

[0003] Currently, the main technologies for preparing titanium / steel heterostructures include explosive bonding, rolling bonding, and high-energy beam bonding. Explosive bonding requires dedicated space and safety measures, resulting in noise pollution and potential safety hazards. The resulting titanium layer is typically greater than 2 mm thick, increasing manufacturing costs. Rolling bonding requires high-energy heating, a long embryonic assembly process, and vacuum conditions, which undoubtedly increases manufacturing costs, and the yield is affected by interface defects. Explosive bonding and rolling bonding often cannot avoid the formation of brittle phases at the titanium / steel heterostructure interface, resulting in a decrease in interfacial bonding strength. High-energy beam bonding can use plasma beams and laser beams as heat sources to melt titanium powder and bond it to the steel surface. However, the instantaneous temperature at the titanium / steel interface can reach 2000°C, which can easily generate significant thermal stress and thermal diffusion, leading to a decrease in the material's interfacial properties.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned problems existing in the current preparation of titanium / steel heterostructure materials, it is of great significance to develop a preparation method for titanium / steel heterostructure materials with a thin titanium layer that has good interface performance, can avoid the formation of brittle phases, has low energy consumption and low manufacturing cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer, so as to solve the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, high safety hazards, easy generation of brittle phase, low interface bonding strength and poor interface performance in the existing titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material preparation methods.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material having a thin titanium layer comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Surface treatment is performed on the steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate smooth and free of rust, and the steel plate is fixed in the ultrasonic compound equipment;

[0009] S2, using metal foil as raw material, preparing a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the steel plate by ultrasonic compounding;

[0010] S3. Using titanium foil as raw material, a thin titanium layer is prepared on the surface of the metal intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel plate in step S1 is one of Q235 steel plate, Q345 steel, and No. 45 steel.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the steel plate in step S1 is 4-20 mm.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface treatment in step S1 is to polish the surface of the steel plate with sandpaper.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal foil in step S2 is one of soft metal foils selected from Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the metal foil in step S2 is 0.05-0.6 mm.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for the ultrasonic compounding in step S2 are as follows: ultrasonic amplitude of 18-25 μm, compounding pressure of 1000-1800 N, and compounding speed of 25-50 mm / s.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the titanium foil in step S3 is one of TA1, TA2, TC4 pure titanium foil or titanium alloy foil.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the titanium foil in step S3 is 0.1-2 mm.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for the ultrasonic compounding in step S3 are as follows: ultrasonic amplitude is 18-25 μm, compounding pressure is 1500-3000 N, and compounding speed is 20-45 mm / s.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The preparation method of the present invention converts ultrasonic energy into high-frequency vibration by utilizing the transducer in the ultrasonic compounding equipment, thereby generating interlayer friction at the metal interface, promoting local plastic deformation and atomic diffusion, and thus realizing solid-state metallurgical bonding between metals. Through the preparation method of the present invention, a thin titanium layer with a thickness of 0.1-2 mm can be prepared on the surface of the steel plate, effectively reducing the application cost of titanium. At the same time, the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared by the preparation method of the present invention has a dense structure, an interface composite rate of up to 100%, can achieve metallurgical bonding between heterogeneous interfaces, has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and has good application prospects. In addition, the preparation method of the present invention performs ultrasonic compounding under low temperature conditions, and the instantaneous temperature during the preparation process is low, which will not cause the material to melt, can avoid the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, and is beneficial to improving the interface mechanical properties of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the preparation method of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional morphology of a TA1 / Q235 steel heterostructure material having a 0.1 mm thick thin titanium layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional morphology of a TA1 / 45 steel heterostructure material having a 0.2 mm thick thin titanium layer prepared in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional morphology of the TA2 / Q235 steel heterostructure material with a 1 mm thick thin titanium layer prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is an X-ray diffraction analysis diagram at the titanium / intermediate layer interface of the steel heterostructure material prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing the titanium / steel heterogeneous material having a thin titanium layer provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. Use sandpaper to polish the surface of the steel plate to make it smooth and rust-free, and then fix the steel plate in the ultrasonic compound equipment;

[0030] S2, using metal foil as raw material, preparing a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the steel plate by ultrasonic compounding;

[0031] S3. Using titanium foil as raw material, a thin titanium layer is prepared on the surface of the metal intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding.

[0032] The steel plate in step S1 is an inexpensive carbon steel sheet or medium-thick plate, preferably one of Q235 steel, Q345 steel, or No. 45 steel; the thickness of the steel plate is 4-20 mm. The metal foil in step S2 is one of soft metal foils selected from Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe; the thickness of the metal foil is 0.05-0.6 mm. The titanium foil in step S3 is one of pure titanium foils selected from TA1, TA2, or TC4, or a titanium alloy foil; the thickness of the titanium foil is 0.1-2 mm.

[0033] In order to determine the appropriate ultrasonic composite parameters, the applicant screened the ultrasonic composite conditions in the preparation process of the metal intermediate layer and the thin titanium layer during the research and development process. By conducting single comparative experiments with different combinations of ultrasonic amplitude, composite pressure and composite speed parameters as single factors, the applicant examined the bonding effect between the metal intermediate layer and the steel plate surface or the thin titanium layer and the metal intermediate layer. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

[0034] Table 1 Ultrasonic composite parameter screening data of metal intermediate layer

[0035]

[0036] It can be seen from Table 1 that when the ultrasonic bonding conditions of the metal intermediate layer in step S2 are: ultrasonic amplitude of 18-25 μm, bonding pressure of 1000-1800 N, and bonding speed of 25-50 mm / s, the metal intermediate layer has a good bonding effect with the steel plate surface.

[0037] Table 2 Screening data of ultrasonic composite parameters of thin titanium layer

[0038]

[0039] It can be seen from Table 2 that when the ultrasonic bonding conditions of the thin titanium layer in step S3 are: ultrasonic amplitude of 18-25 μm, bonding pressure of 1500-3000 N, and bonding speed of 20-45 mm / s, the thin titanium layer and the metal intermediate layer have a good bonding effect.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A method for preparing a TA1 / Q235 steel heterogeneous material having a 0.1 mm thick titanium layer comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. Use 80# sandpaper to polish the surface of a 10mm thick Q235 steel plate to make it smooth and rust-free. Then use ethanol to clean the surface of the steel plate and fix the steel plate on the ultrasonic compound equipment.

[0043] S2, using 0.15 mm thick pure aluminum foil as raw material, a pure aluminum intermediate layer was prepared on the surface of Q235 steel by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of 18 μm ultrasonic amplitude, 1100 N compounding pressure, and 38 mm / s compounding speed;

[0044] S3. Using 0.1 mm thick TA1 titanium foil as raw material, a thin titanium layer was prepared on the surface of the pure aluminum intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of 18 μm ultrasonic amplitude, 1800 N compounding pressure and 35 mm / s compounding speed to obtain a metallurgically bonded titanium / steel heterostructure material.

[0045] The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared in this embodiment was tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel composite plate shows that the resulting material is defect-free and exhibits excellent bonding performance. Ultrasonic testing of the resulting titanium / steel heterostructure material using the water immersion method specified in GB / T 8547-2019, "Titanium-Steel Composite Plate," revealed an area bonding rate of 100%.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for preparing a TA1 / 45 steel heterogeneous material having a 0.2 mm thick titanium layer comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1. Use 80# sandpaper to polish the surface of 12mm thick No. 45 steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate smooth and rust-free. Then use ethanol to clean the surface of the steel plate and fix the steel plate on the ultrasonic compound equipment.

[0049] S2. Using 0.2 mm thick pure aluminum foil as raw material, a pure aluminum intermediate layer was prepared on the surface of 45 steel by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of 18 μm ultrasonic amplitude, 1200 N compounding pressure, and 35 mm / s compounding speed;

[0050] S3. Using 0.2 mm thick TA1 titanium foil as raw material, a thin titanium layer was prepared on the surface of the pure aluminum intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of 18 μm ultrasonic amplitude, 1800 N compounding pressure and 32 mm / s compounding speed to obtain a metallurgically bonded titanium / steel heterostructure material.

[0051] The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared in this embodiment was tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel composite plate shows that the resulting material is defect-free and exhibits excellent bonding performance. Ultrasonic testing of the resulting titanium / steel heterostructure material using the water immersion method specified in GB / T 8547-2019, "Titanium-Steel Composite Plate," revealed an area bonding rate of 100%.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A method for preparing a TA2 / Q235 steel heterogeneous material having a 1 mm thick titanium layer comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1. Use 80# sandpaper to polish the surface of a 6mm thick Q235 steel plate to make it smooth and rust-free. Then use ethanol to clean the surface of the steel plate and fix the steel plate on the ultrasonic compound equipment.

[0055] S2, using 0.15 mm thick pure aluminum foil as raw material, a pure aluminum intermediate layer was prepared on the surface of Q235 steel by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of 20 μm ultrasonic amplitude, 1100 N compounding pressure, and 36 mm / s compounding speed;

[0056] S3. Using 0.1 mm thick TA2 titanium foil as raw material, a thin titanium layer was prepared on the surface of the pure aluminum intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of 20 μm ultrasonic amplitude, 2200 N compounding pressure and 32 mm / s compounding speed to obtain a metallurgically bonded titanium / steel heterostructure material.

[0057] The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared in this embodiment was tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel composite plate shows that the resulting material is defect-free and exhibits excellent bonding performance. Ultrasonic testing of the resulting titanium / steel heterostructure material using the water immersion method specified in GB / T 8547-2019, "Titanium-Steel Composite Plate," revealed an area bonding rate of 100%.

[0058] Interface mechanical properties test

[0059] 1. The bonding strength of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials prepared in Examples 1-3 was measured according to the adhesive bonding method in GB / T 8642 "Determination of tensile bonding strength of thermal spraying". The results are shown in Table 3.

[0060] Table 3 Bonding strength of titanium / steel heterogeneous structures

[0061]

[0062] It can be seen from the data in Table 3 that due to the limited strength of the film, the titanium / steel heterostructure materials prepared in Examples 1-3 all broke at the film, but the actual bonding strength of the materials was greater than the breaking value.

[0063] 2. The titanium / steel heterostructure materials prepared in Examples 1-3 were polished to the titanium / intermediate layer interface, and the composition of the interface was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The results were as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0064] Figure 5 The results show that only two phases, metallic titanium and metallic aluminum, exist at the titanium / interlayer interface of ultrasonic composite, and the formation of intermetallic compounds is not detected, indicating that the low temperature of ultrasonic composite can avoid the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds.

[0065] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and replacements made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material having a thin titanium layer, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Surface treatment is performed on the steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate smooth and free of rust, and the steel plate is fixed in the ultrasonic composite equipment; wherein the steel plate is one of Q235 steel plate, Q345 steel, and No. 45 steel, and the thickness of the steel plate is 4-20 mm; S2. Using metal foil as raw material, a metal intermediate layer is prepared on the surface of the steel plate by ultrasonic compounding. The conditions of the ultrasonic compounding are as follows: ultrasonic amplitude of 18-25 μm, compounding pressure of 1000-1800 N, and compounding speed of 25-50 mm / s. The metal foil is one of soft metal foils selected from Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe, and the thickness of the metal foil is 0.05-0.6 mm. S3. Using titanium foil as a raw material, a thin titanium layer is prepared on the surface of the metal intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding. The conditions of the ultrasonic compounding are as follows: an ultrasonic amplitude of 18-25 μm, a compounding pressure of 1500-3000 N, and a compounding speed of 20-45 mm / s; wherein the thickness of the titanium foil is 0.1-2 mm.

2. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material having a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface treatment in step S1 is to polish the surface of the steel plate with sandpaper.

3. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material having a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The titanium foil in step S3 is one of pure titanium foils TA1, TA2 or titanium alloy foil TC4.

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