Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing high-altitude surface vegetation identification system and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing high-altitude surface vegetation identification system and a use method thereof.The system comprises a mounting assembly, an identification scraping brush assembly and a closing assembly, and the identification scraping brush assembly is arranged on the mounting assembly and used for shooting, identifying, hanging, brushing and cleaning surface vegetation; the closing assembly is arranged on the mounting assembly and used for protecting the identification scraping brush assembly, the mounting assembly comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a mounting plate, a protection box body and a transparent cover, the mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the protection box body is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate. According to the unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing high-altitude surface vegetation identification system and the use method thereof, the shooting lens can be covered and protected, the temperature and humidity difference generated when the unmanned aerial vehicle takes off and flies to the high altitude is prevented, and the phenomenon that shooting identification is affected due to the fact that condensate water and mist shield the lens is avoided; condensed condensate water and mist are prevented from invading the lens to cause damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vegetation recognition, and particularly relates to a system for recognizing surface vegetation from high altitude by means of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and a method for using the same. Background Technique

[0002] Vegetation refers to the plant community covering a certain area on the earth's surface. Classified according to the type of plant community, it can be divided into meadow vegetation, forest vegetation, etc. It is closely related to natural environmental elements such as climate, soil, terrain, the animal kingdom, and water conditions. Globally, it can be divided into two major categories: marine vegetation and terrestrial vegetation. However, due to the large differences in the terrestrial environment, a variety of vegetation types have been formed, which can be classified into multiple classification series such as vegetation type, plant formation, and association. It can also be divided into natural vegetation and artificial vegetation. Artificial vegetation includes farmland, orchards, grasslands, artificial forests, and urban green spaces, etc. Natural vegetation includes primary vegetation, secondary vegetation, etc., which is the overall plant community covering a certain area on the earth's surface. It can be classified according to geographical environmental characteristics, such as alpine vegetation, temperate vegetation; it can be classified according to different regions, such as Tianshan vegetation, Chinese vegetation; it can also be classified according to the type of plant community, such as meadow vegetation, forest vegetation, etc. Vegetation is closely related to natural environmental elements such as climate, soil, terrain, the animal kingdom, and water conditions.

[0003] However, in the prior art, when shooting and recognizing the area of surface vegetation by means of a UAV, the UAV usually takes off from the ground and flies to high altitude. There are differences in temperature and humidity between the ground and high altitude. Especially in areas with a lot of vegetation, a large amount of water vapor is transported to high altitude through the transpiration of vegetation. When the UAV quickly flies to high altitude, due to the temperature difference and humidity difference between the ground and high altitude, the shooting and recognition lens on the UAV is prone to condensation water and fog, which easily leads to blurred shooting and damage caused by the intrusion of condensation water into the shooting lens. Moreover, the shooting lens carried by the UAV is more or less exposed outside, and the lens lacks protection and is prone to being knocked and damaged. Summary of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system for recognizing surface vegetation from high altitude by means of UAV remote sensing and a method for using the same, which has the advantages of covering and protecting the shooting lens, preventing the temperature and humidity difference when taking off from the ground and flying to high altitude, resulting in the appearance of condensation water and fog on the lens, which obscures the shooting and recognition, and preventing the intrusion of the condensed condensation water and fog into the lens and causing damage, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A system for recognizing surface vegetation from high altitude by means of UAV remote sensing and a method for using the same, including an installation component, a recognition and scraping component, and a closing component. The recognition and scraping component is arranged on the installation component for shooting and recognizing surface vegetation and scraping and cleaning, and the closing component is arranged on the installation component for protecting the recognition and scraping component.

[0005] Further, the installation component includes a drone, a mounting plate, a protective box body, and a transparent cover. The mounting plate is fixedly installed on the drone. The protective box body is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate. The transparent cover body is hingedly installed at the bottom of the protective box body.

[0006] Further, the identification and scraping component includes an identification component and a cleaning component. The cleaning component is arranged on the periphery of the identification component. The identification component includes an oblique photography camera, a spectral imager, and a three-dimensional laser scanner. The oblique photography camera is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body. The spectral imager is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body. The three-dimensional laser scanner is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body.

[0007] Further, the cleaning component includes a servo motor, two rotating rods, a first gear, a second gear, two connecting blocks, two sliding rods, two mounting rings one, two mounting rings two, and two telescopic springs one. The servo motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of one side of the protective box body. The two rotating rods are respectively fixedly installed on the outer walls of both sides of the protective box body. The first gear is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the servo motor. The second gear is fixedly sleeved on the corresponding rotating rod. The second gear meshes with the first gear. The two connecting blocks are respectively fixedly installed on the corresponding rotating rods. The two sliding rods are respectively slidably installed on the corresponding connecting blocks. The two mounting rings one are respectively fixedly sleeved on the connecting blocks. The two mounting rings two are respectively fixedly sleeved on the corresponding sliding rods. The two telescopic springs one are respectively slidably sleeved on the corresponding sliding rods. The top ends of the two telescopic springs one are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding mounting rings one. The bottom ends of the two telescopic springs one are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding two mounting rings two.

[0008] Further, the same round rod is fixedly installed on the two sliding rods. The round rod is fixedly sleeved with a water-absorbing sponge cylinder. A first sealing rubber ring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the protective box body. A second sealing rubber ring is fixedly installed at the top of the transparent cover body.

[0009] Further, the closing component includes a box body and a first L-shaped clamping block. The box body is on the outer wall of one side of the protective box body. The first L-shaped clamping block is on the outer wall of one side of the transparent cover body. The top of the first L-shaped clamping block extends into the box body. A clamping rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the box body. A pressing block is slidably installed on the clamping rod. One side of the pressing block extends out of the box body.

[0010] Further, a second telescopic spring is slidably sleeved on the clamping rod. One end of the second telescopic spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the box body. The other end of the second telescopic spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the pressing block. A second L-shaped clamping block is fixedly installed on the pressing block. A clamping groove is formed on the first L-shaped clamping block. The clamping groove is adapted to the second L-shaped clamping block.

[0011] Furthermore, the recognition component further includes a mini computer host and a signal transmitter. The mini computer host is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protection box body, and the signal transmitter is fixedly installed on the protection box body.

[0012] Furthermore, the mini computer host includes a data collection and processing unit, a satellite remote sensing receiving module, an aerial remote sensing receiving module, an oblique photogrammetry receiving module, a laser point cloud receiving module, a data processing module, a data storage module, a vector mapping module, a vegetation recognition module, and an Internet of Things module. The data collection and processing unit, the satellite remote sensing receiving module, the aerial remote sensing receiving module, the oblique photogrammetry receiving module, the laser point cloud receiving module, the data storage module, and the vector mapping module are all connected to the data processing module. The vegetation recognition module is connected to the vector mapping module, and the Internet of Things module is connected to the data storage module and the vegetation recognition module.

[0013] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technologies, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By setting the protection box body, the transparent cover body, and the cleaning component, the present invention isolates the external air through the protection box body and the transparent cover body, thereby avoiding machine failures caused by a space with high external humidity. At the same time, it also avoids the influence of the atomized lens on the detection effect. The servo motor is started to drive the first gear and the second gear to rotate. The second gear drives the rotating rod, the connecting block, and the sliding rod to rotate. The sliding rod drives the round rod and the water-absorbing sponge cylinder to move. The telescopic spring one can make the water-absorbing sponge closely adhere to the outer wall of the transparent cover body during movement for dehumidification. It has the advantages of being able to protect the carried detection equipment and avoid the influence of condensed water and fog caused by excessive temperature and humidity differences on the shooting and recognition of vegetation.

[0014] By setting the recognition component, the oblique photography camera, the spectral imager, the three-dimensional laser scanner, the mini computer host, and the signal transmitter, the present invention shoots the surface vegetation to generate a three-dimensional model and classifies and recognizes the surface vegetation. It has the advantages of being able to establish a three-dimensional model using the information obtained from shooting and scanning and classify and recognize the vegetation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an identification system for high-altitude surface vegetation by drone remote sensing and its usage method according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the side sectional structure of an identification system for high-altitude surface vegetation by drone remote sensing and its usage method according to the present invention; Figure 3 is Figure 2 an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 4Front cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an aerial surface vegetation recognition system and its usage method for an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing of the present invention; Figure 5 is Figure 4 Enlarged structural schematic diagram of part B in; Figure 6 Principle block diagram in the present invention.

[0016] In the figure: 1, unmanned aerial vehicle; 2, mounting plate; 3, protective box body; 4, transparent cover body; 5, oblique photography camera; 6, spectral imager; 7, three-dimensional laser scanner; 8, servo motor; 9, rotating rod; 10, gear one; 11, gear two; 12, connecting block; 13, sliding rod; 14, mounting ring one; 15, mounting ring two; 16, telescopic spring one; 17, mini computer host; 18, signal transmitter; 19, box body; 20, L-shaped clamping block one. Specific implementation manner

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to be protected, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides as Figures 1 - 6 shown, an aerial surface vegetation recognition system and its usage method for an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, including a mounting assembly, an identification and scraping assembly, and a closing assembly. The identification and scraping assembly is arranged on the mounting assembly for photographing, identifying, scraping, and cleaning the surface vegetation. The closing assembly is arranged on the mounting assembly for protecting the identification and scraping assembly.

[0019] In addition, the mounting assembly includes an unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a mounting plate 2, a protective box body 3, and a transparent cover 4. The mounting plate 2 is fixedly installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle 1. The protective box body 3 is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate 2. The transparent cover body 4 is hingedly installed at the bottom of the protective box body 3.

[0020] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the identification and cleaning brush assembly includes an identification assembly and a cleaning assembly. The cleaning assembly is arranged on the periphery of the identification assembly. The identification assembly includes an oblique photography camera 5, a spectral imager 6, and a three-dimensional laser scanner 7. The oblique photography camera 5 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body 3. The spectral imager 6 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body 3. The three-dimensional laser scanner 7 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body 3. More specifically, after the drone 1 flies to a high altitude, it is isolated from the external air through the protective box body 3, the transparent cover body 4, the first sealing rubber ring, and the second sealing rubber ring, so as to avoid the condensation of water or water vapor on the oblique photography camera 5, the spectral imager 6, and the three-dimensional laser scanner 7 in a space with high external humidity and prevent the intrusion of water or water vapor, which may cause machine failures. At the same time, it also avoids fogging the lens, having the advantage of blocking the condensed water or fog generated due to the temperature and humidity difference during flight and preventing the influence of condensed water or fog on the shooting and identifying of vegetation.

[0021] In addition, the cleaning assembly includes a servo motor 8, two rotating rods 9, a first gear 10, a second gear 11, two connecting blocks 12, two sliding rods 13, two mounting rings 14, two mounting rings 15, and two first telescopic springs 16. The servo motor 8 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of one side of the protective box body 3. The two rotating rods 9 are respectively fixedly installed on the outer walls of both sides of the protective box body 3. The first gear 10 is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the servo motor 8. The second gear 11 is fixedly sleeved on the corresponding rotating rod 9. The second gear 11 meshes with the first gear 10. The two connecting blocks 12 are respectively fixedly installed on the corresponding rotating rods 9. The two sliding rods 13 are respectively slidably installed on the corresponding connecting blocks 12. The two mounting rings 14 are respectively fixedly sleeved on the connecting blocks 12. The two mounting rings 15 are respectively fixedly sleeved on the corresponding sliding rods 13. The two first telescopic springs 16 are respectively slidably sleeved on the corresponding sliding rods 13. The top ends of the two first telescopic springs 16 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding mounting rings 14. The bottom ends of the two first telescopic springs 16 are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding two mounting rings 15. More specifically, when the outer wall of the transparent cover body 4 is fogged and dehumidification is required, the servo motor 8 is started to drive the first gear 10 and the second gear 11 to rotate. The second gear 11 drives the rotating rod 9, the connecting block 12, and the sliding rod 13 to rotate. The sliding rod 13 drives the round rod and the water-absorbing sponge cylinder to move. Through the first telescopic spring 16, the water-absorbing sponge can closely adhere to the outer wall of the transparent cover body 4 during movement for dehumidification, facilitating the shooting and identification, having the advantages of self-adaptive adjustment of length and convenient scraping and removing of the attached condensed water and fog.

[0022] In addition, the same round rod is fixedly installed on the two sliding rods 13. The round rod is fixedly sleeved with a water-absorbing sponge cylinder. The first sealing rubber ring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the protective box body 3. The second sealing rubber ring is fixedly installed at the top of the transparent cover body 4.

[0023] As Figure 4 shown, wherein the closing assembly includes a box body 19 and an L-shaped clamping block 20. The box body 19 is on one outer wall of the protective box body 3, and the L-shaped clamping block 20 is on one outer wall of the transparent cover body 4. The top of the L-shaped clamping block 20 extends into the box body 19. A clamping rod is fixedly installed on one inner wall of the box body 19, and a pressing block is slidably installed on the clamping rod. One side of the pressing block extends outside the box body 19. More specifically, when the drone 1 lands after the detection is completed, pressing the pressing block squeezes the second telescopic spring, driving the L-shaped clamping block 2 away from the clamping groove and the L-shaped clamping block 20, and rotating the transparent cover body 4 to open, so that it is convenient to debug the oblique photography camera 5, the spectral imager 6 and the three-dimensional laser scanner detection device 7. It has the advantages of protecting the oblique photography camera 5, the spectral imager 6 and the three-dimensional laser scanner detection device 7 and preventing damage caused by bumps.

[0024] In addition, a second telescopic spring is slidably sleeved on the clamping rod. One end of the second telescopic spring is fixedly connected to one inner wall of the box body 19, and the other end of the second telescopic spring is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the pressing block. An L-shaped clamping block 2 is fixedly installed on the pressing block, and a clamping groove is formed on the L-shaped clamping block 20, and the clamping groove is adapted to the L-shaped clamping block 2.

[0025] The identification assembly further includes a mini computer host 17 and a signal transmitter 18. The mini computer host 17 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the protective box body 2, and the signal transmitter 18 is fixedly installed on the protective box body 2.

[0026] As Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, the mini computer host 17 includes a data collection and processing unit, a satellite remote sensing receiving module, an aerial remote sensing receiving module, an oblique photogrammetry receiving module, a laser point cloud receiving module, a data processing module, a data storage module, a vector mapping module, a vegetation recognition module, and an Internet of Things module. The data collection and processing unit, the satellite remote sensing receiving module, the aerial remote sensing receiving module, the oblique photogrammetry receiving module, the laser point cloud receiving module, the data storage module, and the vector mapping module are connected to the data processing module. The vegetation recognition module is connected to the vector mapping module, and the Internet of Things module is connected to the data storage module and the vegetation recognition module. More specifically, through satellite remote sensing in space and the oblique photography cameras 5, hyperspectral imagers 6, and 3D laser scanners 7 carried by unmanned aerial vehicles, scanning and photographing are performed from high altitude to the ground. The data obtained from scanning and photographing is transmitted to the satellite remote sensing receiving module, the aerial remote sensing receiving module, the oblique photogrammetry receiving module, and the laser point cloud receiving module. The data processing module constructs a three-dimensional model of the stereo image from the data obtained by the satellite remote sensing and the hyperspectral imager 6. The data processing module transmits the model to the vector mapping module. The vector mapping module performs feature mapping of the three-dimensional model of the stereo image and transmits it to the vegetation recognition module for vegetation classification. Then, it is transmitted to the data storage module through the Internet of Things module and sent to the ground base station through a signal transmitter. It has the advantages of efficiently identifying surface vegetation, distinguishing vegetation, photographing and identifying surface vegetation, and establishing a three-dimensional model.

[0027] Working principle: The model of the oblique photography camera 5 is: QX-30 Pro, which is used to photograph features from multiple angles, obtain attributes such as the appearance, position, and height of features, and can be used to create a real-scene three-dimensional model, which helps to more comprehensively understand the growth environment and spatial distribution of plants and assist in plant identification to a certain extent.

[0028] The model of the hyperspectral imager 6 is: HSG-1P. There are differences in the spectral characteristics of different plants. The hyperspectral imager can obtain the reflectance information of plants in multiple bands, and different plant species can be distinguished by analyzing this information.

[0029] The model of the 3D laser scanner 7 is: RTC360, which quickly obtains information such as the three-dimensional coordinate values of each point on the surface of the measured object and generates point cloud data. In the field of forestry surveys, etc., the height, diameter at breast height, crown width, etc. of trees can be accurately measured through 3D laser scanning, which helps to identify different tree species.

[0030] First step: Through satellite remote sensing in space and the oblique photography camera 5, spectral imager 6, and three-dimensional laser scanner 7 carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, scan and take pictures from high altitude to the ground; transmit the data of scanning and taking pictures to the satellite remote sensing receiving module, aerial remote sensing receiving module, oblique photogrammetry receiving module, and laser point cloud receiving module. Use the data processing module to construct a three-dimensional model of the stereo image from the data obtained by the satellite remote sensing and the spectral imager 6. The data processing module transmits the model to the vector mapping module. Through the vector mapping module, conduct ground object mapping on the three-dimensional model of the stereo image, transmit it to the vegetation recognition module for vegetation classification, and then transmit it to the data storage module through the Internet of Things module, and send it to the ground base station through the signal transmitter; Second step: After the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 flies to high altitude, it is isolated from the external air through the protective box body 3, transparent cover body 4, sealing rubber ring one, and sealing rubber ring two, so as to prevent condensed water or water vapor from invading the oblique photography camera 5, spectral imager 6, and three-dimensional laser scanner 7 in a space with high external humidity, causing machine failures, and also avoid the fogged lens from affecting the detection effect; Third step: When the outer wall of the transparent cover body 4 is fogged and dehumidification is required, start the servo motor 8 to drive the gear one 10 and gear two 11 to rotate. The gear two 11 drives the rotating rod 9, connecting block 12, and sliding rod 13 to rotate. The sliding rod 13 drives the round rod and the water-absorbing sponge cylinder to move. Through the telescopic spring one 16, the water-absorbing sponge can closely adhere to the outer wall of the transparent cover body 4 during movement for dehumidification, facilitating the progress of shooting and recognition; Fourth step: After the detection is completed, when the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 lands, press the pressing block to squeeze the telescopic spring two, drive the L-shaped block two away from the card slot and the L-shaped block one 20, and rotate the transparent cover body 4 to open, so as to facilitate the debugging of the oblique photography camera 5, spectral imager 6, and three-dimensional laser scanner detection device 7.

[0031] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including", or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device.

Claims

1. An identification system for high-altitude remote sensing of surface vegetation by an unmanned aerial vehicle and its usage method, characterized in that: It includes an installation component, an identification and scraping component, and a closing component. The identification and scraping component is arranged on the installation component for photographing and identifying surface vegetation and scraping and cleaning it, and the closing component is arranged on the installation component for protecting the identification and scraping component.

2. The high-altitude identification system for surface vegetation by drone remote sensing according to claim 1 and its usage method, characterized in that: The installation component includes a drone, a mounting plate, a protective box body, and a transparent cover. The mounting plate is fixedly installed on the drone, the protective box body is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate, and the transparent cover body is hingedly installed at the bottom of the protective box body.

3. The high-altitude surface vegetation recognition system for drone remote sensing according to claim 1 and its usage method, characterized in that: The identification and scraping component includes an identification component and a cleaning component. The cleaning component is arranged on the periphery of the identification component. The identification component includes an oblique photography camera, a spectral imager, and a three-dimensional laser scanner. The oblique photography camera is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body, the spectral imager is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body, and the three-dimensional laser scanner is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body.

4. The high-altitude recognition system for surface vegetation by drone remote sensing according to claim 1 and its usage method, characterized in that: The cleaning component includes a servo motor, two rotating rods, a first gear, a second gear, two connecting blocks, two sliding rods, two mounting rings one, two mounting rings two, and two first telescopic springs. The servo motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of one side of the protective box body. The two rotating rods are respectively fixedly installed on the outer walls of both sides of the protective box body. The first gear is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the servo motor. The second gear is fixedly sleeved on the corresponding rotating rod. The second gear meshes with the first gear. The two connecting blocks are respectively fixedly installed on the corresponding rotating rods. The two sliding rods are respectively slidably installed on the corresponding connecting blocks. The two mounting rings one are respectively fixedly sleeved on the connecting blocks. The two mounting rings two are respectively fixedly sleeved on the corresponding sliding rods. The two first telescopic springs are respectively slidably sleeved on the corresponding sliding rods. The top ends of the two first telescopic springs are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding mounting rings one, and the bottom ends of the two first telescopic springs are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding two mounting rings two.

5. The high-altitude surface vegetation recognition system for drone remote sensing according to claim 4 and its usage method, characterized in that: The same round rod is fixedly installed on the two sliding rods. The round rod is fixedly sleeved with a water-absorbing sponge cylinder. A first sealing rubber ring is fixedly installed at the bottom of the protective box body, and a second sealing rubber ring is fixedly installed at the top of the transparent cover body.

6. The high-altitude identification system for surface vegetation by drone remote sensing according to claim 1 and its usage method, characterized in that: The closing component includes a box body and a first L-shaped clamping block. The box body is on the outer wall of one side of the protective box body, and the first L-shaped clamping block is on the outer wall of one side of the transparent cover body. The top of the first L-shaped clamping block extends into the box body. A clamping rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of one side of the box body. A pressing block is slidably installed on the clamping rod, and one side of the pressing block extends out of the box body.

7. The high-altitude surface vegetation recognition system for drone remote sensing according to claim 6 and its usage method, characterized in that: A second telescopic spring is slidably sleeved on the clamping rod. One end of the second telescopic spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one side of the box body, and the other end of the second telescopic spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the pressing block. A second L-shaped clamping block is fixedly installed on the pressing block. A clamping groove is formed on the first L-shaped clamping block, and the clamping groove is adapted to the second L-shaped clamping block.

8. The high-altitude surface vegetation recognition system for UAV remote sensing according to claim 3 and its usage method, characterized in that: The identification component further includes a mini computer host and a signal transmitter. The mini computer host is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top of the protective box body, and the signal transmitter is fixedly installed on the protective box body.

9. The high-altitude surface vegetation recognition system for drone remote sensing according to claim 8 and its usage method, characterized in that: The mini computer host includes a data collection and processing unit, a satellite remote sensing receiving module, an aerial remote sensing receiving module, an oblique photogrammetry receiving module, a laser point cloud receiving module, a data processing module, a data storage module, a vector mapping module, a vegetation identification module, and an Internet of Things module. The data collection and processing unit, the satellite remote sensing receiving module, the aerial remote sensing receiving module, the oblique photogrammetry receiving module, the laser point cloud receiving module, the data storage module, and the vector mapping module are connected to the data processing module. The vegetation identification module is connected to the vector mapping module. The Internet of Things module is connected to the data storage module and the vegetation identification module.

10. A system for identifying surface vegetation from high altitude by drone remote sensing according to claims 1-9 and its usage method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Through satellite remote sensing in space and the oblique photography cameras, hyperspectral imagers, and 3D laser scanners carried by unmanned aerial vehicles, scan and take pictures from high altitude to the ground. The data of the scan and the pictures are transmitted to the satellite remote sensing receiving module, the aerial remote sensing receiving module, the oblique photogrammetry receiving module, and the laser point cloud receiving module. The data processing module constructs a three-dimensional model of the stereo image from the data obtained by the satellite remote sensing and the hyperspectral imager. The data processing module transmits the model to the vector mapping module. The vector mapping module conducts topographic mapping of the three-dimensional model of the stereo image and transmits it to the vegetation identification module for vegetation classification. Then, it is transmitted to the data storage module through the Internet of Things module and sent to the ground base station through a signal transmitter. S2. After the unmanned aerial vehicle flies to high altitude, it is isolated from the external air through the protective box body, the transparent cover body, the first sealing rubber ring, and the second sealing rubber ring, so as to prevent water or water vapor from condensing or invading on the oblique photography camera, the hyperspectral imager, and the 3D laser scanner in a space with high external humidity, which may cause machine failures. At the same time, it also avoids the fogged lens from affecting the detection effect. S3. When the outer wall of the transparent cover body is fogged and blocks the shooting and scanning, start the servo motor to drive the first gear and the second gear to rotate. The second gear drives the rotating rod, the connecting block, and the sliding rod to rotate. The sliding rod drives the round rod and the water-absorbing sponge cylinder to move. The first telescopic spring enables the water-absorbing sponge to closely adhere to the outer wall of the transparent cover body during movement for brushing to wipe off the attached water vapor. S4. After the detection is completed and the unmanned aerial vehicle lands, press the pressing block to squeeze the second telescopic spring, drive the second L-shaped clamping block away from the clamping groove and the first L-shaped clamping block, and rotate the transparent cover body to open, so as to facilitate the debugging of the detection equipment such as the oblique photography camera, the hyperspectral imager, and the 3D laser scanner. At the same time, it also limits and fixes the transparent cover body to prevent the transparent cover body from being overturned due to the acceleration of the unmanned aerial vehicle during flight, exposing the detection equipment such as the oblique photography camera, the hyperspectral imager, and the 3D laser scanner.

Images