Hydrogen production method based on abandoned electricity utilization of water-wind-light multi-energy complementary system

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydrogen production method based on abandoned electricity utilization of a water-wind-light multi-energy complementary system, and the method comprises the steps: building a long-short nested water-wind-light multi-energy complementary scheduling model, and finely simulating the scheduling operation process of power generation and networking of the complementary system; analyzing the abandoned electricity type and available abandoned electricity quantity of the complementary system, and establishing a water electrolysis hydrogen production model taking potential abandoned electricity as a power supply; a coupling model of water-wind-light multi-energy complementation and abandoned electricity hydrogen production is established, the water level process of the hydropower station is optimized again, abandoned water of the hydropower station is distributed more evenly on the time scale, and the utilization rate of abandoned electricity of the water-wind-light multi-energy complementation system is increased; and establishing a capacity configuration model of the hydrogen production station, and determining the optimal configuration scale based on the comprehensive operation performance of the hydrogen production station in the operation period. By means of the method, the abandoned electricity quantity of the water-wind-light multi-energy complementary system can be reduced, the utilization efficiency of clean energy is improved, meanwhile, the cost of hydrogen production through water electrolysis is reduced, and output fluctuation of a hydropower station in the multi-energy complementary implementation process is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of reservoir operation, and particularly relates to a hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system. Background Technique

[0002] Implementing water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary operation is an effective way to promote the grid connection and consumption of wind and solar energy. The complementary system takes advantage of the flexible operation and good regulation performance of hydropower, and uses hydropower as a supporting power source to suppress the randomness and volatility of wind and solar energy. This can alleviate the impact of the direct grid connection of wind power and photovoltaic power on the safe and stable operation of the power system, thereby improving the power generation quality and promoting the cross-regional consumption of wind power and photovoltaic energy. However, most of the power generated by the complementary system is transmitted through the existing hydropower transmission channels, which significantly increases the competition pressure on the hydropower transmission channels, thereby increasing the water abandonment of hydropower stations, especially during the flood season when hydropower generation is large. How to further reduce the curtailed electricity of the multi-energy complementary system while ensuring the consumption of wind and solar energy remains to be further studied.

[0003] Renewable energy hydrogen production is an effective method for local consumption of renewable energy and reducing the curtailed electricity rate. First of all, hydrogen production by electrolyzing water has the advantages of flexible opening and closing and no regional restrictions, which can alleviate the transmission pressure of renewable energy power generation for grid connection. Secondly, hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density, good combustion performance, and zero pollution, and is considered an energy carrier that can meet the world's energy needs and reduce carbon emissions at the same time. Moreover, about 85% of the cost of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water is electricity cost. Using renewable energy power generation to produce hydrogen can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen production and reduce the high carbon emissions of hydrogen production from fossil fuels. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the direct utilization of wind power and photovoltaic renewable energy power generation, and there is less research on multi-energy systems such as water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: The object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system, aiming to alleviate the problem of curtailed electricity in the multi-energy complementary system, improve the utilization rate of clean energy, and reduce the cost of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water.

[0005] Technical Solution: The present invention discloses a hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system, including the following steps:

[0006] (1) Establish a long-short nested water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary operation model to finely simulate the dispatching operation process of the complementary system for power generation and grid connection; including a long-term operation model and a short-term operation model. The long-term operation model aims to maximize the long-term power generation benefit, and the short-term operation model aims to maximize the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system;

[0007] (2) Analyze the types of curtailed electricity and the available curtailed electricity in the complementary system, and analyze the conversion relationship of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water using potential curtailed electricity as the power supply.

[0008] (3) Establish a coupling model for the multi-energy complementarity of water, wind and light and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity. With the maximum curtailed electricity utilized by the complementary system as the goal, the hydropower output for grid connection obtained from the multi-energy complementary scheduling model as the boundary, and the reservoir storage capacity as the decision variable, optimize and adjust the water level process of the reservoir on the basis of multi-energy complementary scheduling to obtain the hydrogen production output process of hydropower with the maximum utilization rate of curtailed electricity, and utilize the regulating capacity of the reservoir to smooth the volatility of curtailed electricity in the complementary system; this coupling model further optimizes the water level process of the hydropower station, making the water discharge of the hydropower station more evenly distributed on the time scale and improving the utilization rate of curtailed electricity in the multi-energy complementary system of water, wind and light;

[0009] (4) Establish a capacity configuration model for the hydrogen production station and determine the optimal configuration scale based on the comprehensive operation performance during the operation period of the hydrogen production station.

[0010] Furthermore, the objective function of the medium- and long-term scheduling model in step (1) is:

[0011]

[0012] where E long is the long-term power generation benefit of the complementary system under medium- and long-term scheduling; d is the number of medium- and long-term scheduling periods; are the average hydropower output for grid connection, average wind power output for grid connection, and average photovoltaic power output for grid connection in the j-th medium- and long-term scheduling period respectively; p h 、p w 、p p are the grid connection unit prices of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power respectively; △T is the duration of the medium- and long-term scheduling period;

[0013] The objective function of the short-term scheduling model is:

[0014]

[0015] where E short is the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system under short-term scheduling; h is the number of short-term scheduling periods; are the average hydropower output for grid connection, average wind power output for grid connection, and average photovoltaic power output for grid connection in the t-th short-term scheduling period within the j-th medium- and long-term scheduling period respectively; △t is the duration of the short-term scheduling period;

[0016] The constraint conditions of the model include: the output constraints of each hydropower station, wind power station, and photovoltaic power station, the water volume balance constraint, water level constraint, storage capacity constraint, flow constraint of the reservoir, and the constraint of the grid external transmission channel limit.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (2), analyze the types of curtailed electricity in the complementary system and the available curtailed electricity volume, specifically:

[0018] The curtailment of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system includes curtailment of water and electricity, curtailment of wind and electricity, and curtailment of light and electricity. For the curtailed water generated by hydropower stations, according to the installed capacity limit, the curtailed water is divided into curtailed water for electricity generation and flood discharge water. Among them, the electricity lost when the hydropower station fails to generate electricity at its maximum generating capacity, that is, the curtailed electricity of the hydropower station, and the curtailed water at this time is the curtailed water for electricity generation. The flood discharge water is the total curtailed water minus the curtailed water for electricity generation:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, is the curtailed electricity of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period; A is the output coefficient of the hydropower station; is the curtailed water flow for electricity generation of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period; H j,t is the head difference between the upstream and downstream of the hydropower station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the curtailed water flow of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the upper limit of the hydropower station output; is the power output of the hydropower station for grid connection in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the flood discharge water flow of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period;

[0021] The total curtailment of the system is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, is the total curtailed electricity of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system; and are the curtailed wind electricity and curtailed photovoltaic electricity of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period respectively; and are the total wind power output and wind power output for grid connection of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period respectively; and are the total photovoltaic power output and photovoltaic power output for grid connection of the t-th short-term scheduling period in the j-th long-term scheduling period respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2), analyze the conversion relationship of water electrolysis for hydrogen production using potential curtailed electricity as the power supply, specifically:

[0025] The hydrogen production station uses the curtailed electricity of the multi-energy complementary system as the power source. The electricity consumed by the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the hydrogen production station should be less than the curtailed electricity of the complementary system in each period:

[0026]

[0027] During the same period, the mass of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment should be less than the mass of hydrogen compressed by the compression equipment. The hydrogen production station opens and closes the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the corresponding scale according to the abandoned electricity situation of the complementary system during this period:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, W e is the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment; W l is the configuration scale of the compression equipment; is the mass of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the mass of hydrogen stored by the compression equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; ρ is the density of hydrogen under standard conditions; is the power of the electrolysis equipment in operation in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the power of the compression equipment in operation in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; η e is the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment; η l is the compression efficiency of the compression equipment; is the maximum operating power of the electrolysis equipment; is the maximum operating power of the compression equipment.

[0030] Furthermore, for the coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and hydrogen production from abandoned electricity established in step (3), the objective function is:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, E use is the electricity quantity transported from the complementary system to the hydrogen production station, that is, the abandoned electricity that is utilized; are respectively the hydrogen production output from hydropower, the hydrogen production output from wind power, and the hydrogen production output from photovoltaic power in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period;

[0033] The constraint conditions of the coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and hydrogen production from abandoned electricity include the constraint conditions of the multi-energy complementarity scheduling model, as well as the transmission constraints of each power station, the output constraints of the hydropower station, and the maximum power constraints of the hydrogen production station.

[0034] Furthermore, step (4) includes the following steps:

[0035] (41) The resource input and output composition of the hydrogen production station;

[0036] The operating equipment of the hydrogen production station includes electrolysis equipment and compression equipment. The resource input and output are the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station minus the equipment input cost and the resource consumption of operation and maintenance;

[0037] (42) Establish a capacity configuration model for the hydrogen production station to determine the optimal configuration scale of the hydrogen production station;

[0038] The optimal capacity configuration of the hydrogen production station aims to achieve the best comprehensive operation performance within the entire life cycle of complementary operation, and finally determine the configuration scales of the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the hydrogen production station; the objective function is:

[0039] maxNPV(W e ,W l ) = I(W e ,W l ) - C(W e ,W l ) - O(W e ,W l )

[0040]

[0041] Among them, NPV(W e ,W l ) is the net present value during the operation period of the hydrogen production station, where the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment is W e , and the configuration scale of the compression equipment is W l ; I(W e ,W l ) is the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station; C(W e ,W l ) is the equipment investment cost of the hydrogen production station; O(W e ,W l ) is the resource consumption of operation and maintenance of the hydrogen production station, is the optimal configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment of the hydrogen production station; is the optimal configuration scale of the compression equipment of the hydrogen production station;

[0042] The constraint conditions of the capacity configuration model include: hydrogen power constraint, hydrogen storage constraint, and total power consumption constraint;

[0043] (43) Solving algorithm for the capacity configuration model;

[0044] Adopt the parameter simulation optimization method to obtain the optimal capacity configuration plan for the hydrogen production station; first, parameterize the capacity configuration plan of the hydrogen production station, construct a long-short nested multi-energy complementary scheduling model of water, wind, and light and a coupling model of multi-energy complementary of water, wind, and light and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity, and finely evaluate the comprehensive operation performance of the hydrogen production station; then, based on the evaluation results, use modern heuristic algorithms to guide the adjustment of the capacity configuration plan of the hydrogen production station until the capacity configuration plan of the hydrogen production station that maximizes the investment benefit of the entire life cycle is found.

[0045] Furthermore, step (43) is specifically:

[0046] Step 1: Select the moment when the discarded power of the complementary system is the largest, and determine the upper limit of the configuration of the electrolysis equipment in the hydrogen production station according to this power.

[0047] Step 2: Discretize the upper limit of the scale of the electrolysis equipment at a certain step size △W. e And set the initial value of the electrolysis equipment as W. And set the initial value of the electrolysis equipment as W e = 0;

[0048] Step 3: W e = W e + △W e ;

[0049] Step 4: According to the hydrogen production constraints of the model, the configuration scale of the compression equipment matching the corresponding electrolysis equipment can be determined. Simulate the operation of the complementary system after accessing the hydrogen production station through the complementary scheduling model, and evaluate the comprehensive operation performance of the hydrogen production station during its operation period;

[0050] Step 5: If Return to Step 3; otherwise, go to Step 6;

[0051] Step 6: The total configuration scale of hydrogen production is the sum of the configuration scales of the electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment. Select the plan with the best comprehensive operation performance among all scale plans, and the configuration scale of the hydrogen production station in this plan is the optimal configuration scale.

[0052] The system corresponding to the method includes:

[0053] A multi-energy complementary scheduling model construction unit, which is used to establish a long-short nested water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling model to finely simulate the scheduling operation process of the complementary system for power generation and grid connection; including a long-term scheduling model and a short-term scheduling model. The long-term scheduling model aims to maximize the long-term power generation benefit, and the short-term scheduling model aims to maximize the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system;

[0054] An electrolytic water hydrogen production conversion relationship analysis unit, which is used to analyze the types of discarded power and the available discarded power of the complementary system, and analyze the conversion relationship of electrolytic water hydrogen production with potential discarded power as the power supply;

[0055] The coupling model construction unit is used to establish a coupling model of hydropower, wind and solar power multi-energy complementarity and power abandonment and hydrogen production. The goal is to maximize the abandoned power utilized by the complementary system, the hydropower grid-connected output obtained by the hydropower, wind and solar power multi-energy complementary scheduling model is used as the boundary, and the reservoir capacity is used as the decision variable. On the basis of multi-energy complementary scheduling, the water level process of the reservoir is optimized and adjusted to obtain the hydropower hydrogen production output process with the maximum abandoned power utilization rate, and the regulation and storage capacity of the reservoir is used to smooth the volatility of the abandoned power of the complementary system. The coupling model optimizes the water level process of the hydropower station again, so that the abandoned water of the hydropower station is more evenly distributed on the time scale, and the utilization rate of abandoned power in the hydropower, wind and solar power multi-energy complementary system is improved.

[0056] The optimal configuration unit is used to establish a capacity configuration model for the hydrogen production station and determine the optimal configuration scale based on the comprehensive operating performance during the operation period of the hydrogen production station.

[0057] An electronic device is also provided, the device comprising:

[0058] A memory storing executable program code;

[0059] a processor coupled to the memory;

[0060] The processor calls the executable program code stored in the memory to execute the steps of the hydrogen production method based on the utilization of abandoned electricity in the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system.

[0061] A computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores computer instructions. When the computer instructions are called, they are used to execute the steps of the hydrogen production method based on the utilization of abandoned electricity from a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system.

[0062] The technology of the present invention combines the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system with the hydrogen production system, and transmits excess electricity to the hydrogen production station for production and storage of hydrogen while giving priority to meeting the needs of the complementary system for power generation and access to the grid. This hybrid system can not only solve the problem of power abandonment in the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system, but also reduce the cost of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water through cheap power abandonment.

[0063] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the remarkable technical effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Alleviating the serious problem of curtailment of electricity in the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system. On the one hand, the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary dispatching can make full use of the flexible regulation ability of hydropower stations to compensate for the fluctuating wind power and photovoltaic power, improve the power transmission quality, and promote the high proportion of consumption of wind power and photovoltaic power; on the other hand, using the surplus power of the system as the power source for hydrogen production and storage, converting potential curtailment of electricity into hydrogen energy storage, can significantly reduce the system's curtailment of electricity; (2) Reducing the cost of electrolytic water hydrogen production; By using the curtailment of electricity from renewable energy sources such as water energy, wind energy, and solar energy, the cost of this electricity is much lower than that of traditional grid electricity. Especially when the power generation capacity is large, power resources can be obtained at a lower cost, enhancing the market competitiveness of hydrogen; (3) Improving the safe operation level of hydropower stations; After configuring a hydrogen production station, the hydrogen production station can flexibly adjust its hydrogen production load according to the fluctuations of wind and light power and the curtailment of electricity in the multi-energy complementary system, enabling the hydropower station to maintain a relatively stable output operation, and avoiding the unit regulation damage caused by the frequent adjustment of the output of hydropower to suppress the fluctuations of wind and light. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0064] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 is the flowchart of the long-short nested water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary dispatching;

[0066] Figure 3 is the flowchart of hydrogen production from curtailment of electricity;

[0067] Figure 4 is the flowchart of the capacity configuration of the hydrogen production station. Detailed Embodiments

[0068] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] As Figure 1 shown, the hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailment of electricity in the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0070] (1) Establish a long-short nested water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary dispatching model to finely simulate the dispatching operation process of the complementary system for power generation and grid connection;

[0071] First, a long-term scheduling model aiming at maximizing the long-term power generation benefit is established, and the initial and final reservoir capacities of the discrete hydropower stations are determined. Then, the outputs of different scenarios for each time period from the initial period to the long-term scheduling period are calculated, and the optimal scheduling processes corresponding to different final reservoir capacities are saved. Finally, based on the scheduling process corresponding to the last period, the optimal scheduling process for the long-term scheduling period is sought. On the basis of the long-term scheduling model, a short-term scheduling model considering the compensation of hydropower for wind and solar is established. The long-term scheduling model and the short-term scheduling model are nested through the reservoir capacities of each long-term period to obtain a long-short nested multi-energy complementary scheduling model of water, wind, and solar. The initial and final reservoir capacities discretized by the long-term scheduling model provide boundary conditions for the short-term scheduling model, and the scheduling process solved by the short-term scheduling model is then fed back to the long-term scheduling model to solve the optimal scheduling process for the refined long-term scheduling period (see Figure 2 ).

[0072] (11) Long-term scheduling model;

[0073] For the long-term multi-energy complementary scheduling of water, wind, and solar, the power quantity complementary characteristics between wind power, photovoltaic power, and hydropower need to be considered. The long-term scheduling model takes one year as the scheduling period and one day as the scheduling time period (the time period is marked as j). Its purpose is to optimize and adjust the water level control operation mode of the regulating reservoirs in the basin, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of clean energy, obtain the daily reservoir capacity operation process of cascade hydropower stations, and provide water level control boundaries for short-term scheduling. The objective function is:

[0074]

[0075] where E long is the long-term power generation benefit of the complementary system under medium- and long-term scheduling (in this example, it refers to the annual power generation benefit); d is the number of long-term scheduling time periods; are the average on-grid power outputs of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power in the j-th long-term scheduling time period respectively, which are calculated according to the following formulas (2) - (4); p h , p w , p p are the on-grid unit prices of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power respectively; △T is the duration of the long-term scheduling time period;

[0076] The specific formula for calculating the output of the hydropower station is:

[0077] N h j = kQ e j *H j (2)

[0078] where N h j is the power generation output of the hydropower station in the j-th long-term scheduling time period; k is the output coefficient of the hydropower station; Q e jThe generated flow rate for the j-th long-term scheduling period of the hydropower station; H j is the generated head for the j-th long-term scheduling period of the hydropower station.

[0079] The specific formula for PV output is as follows:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, N p j is the output of the PV power station for the j-th long-term scheduling period; P stc is the output of the PV panels under standard conditions; I stc is the irradiance corresponding to the standard conditions, 1000 W / m 2 ; t stc is the temperature of the PV panels under standard conditions, 25 °C; I j is the measured irradiance for the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the power temperature coefficient of the PV panels. For crystalline silicon cells, it generally takes -0.4% to -0.45%; t j is the measured temperature of the PV panels for the j-th long-term scheduling period.

[0082] The specific formula for wind power output is as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, N w j is the output of the wind power station for the j-th long-term scheduling period; P r w is the rated output power of the wind turbine; v j is the wind speed at the hub height of the wind turbine for the j-th long-term scheduling period; v in is the cut-in wind speed; v out is the cut-out wind speed; v r is the rated wind speed of the wind turbine.

[0085] The long-term scheduling model needs to consider constraint conditions such as reservoir water balance, water level, storage capacity, flow rate, output, and limitations of the power grid's external transmission channels.

[0086] Reservoir water balance constraint:

[0087]

[0088] Reservoir storage capacity constraint:

[0089] V min ≤V j ≤V max (6)

[0090] Flow rate constraint:

[0091] q min ≤ q j ≤ q max (7)

[0092]

[0093] Output constraint:

[0094]

[0095] Water level change constraint:

[0096] |Z j+1 - Z j | ≤ ΔZ max (12)

[0097] Power grid external transmission channel constraint:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, V j+1 、V j are the end reservoir storages of the hydropower station in the (j + 1)-th and j-th long-term scheduling periods respectively; Q j is the inflow of the hydropower station in the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the discharge of the hydropower station in the j-th long-term scheduling period; V min is the dead storage of the reservoir; V max is the maximum allowable reservoir storage. The maximum allowable reservoir storage is different in different periods. For example, it is the storage corresponding to the flood control limit water level during the flood season and the storage corresponding to the normal storage water level during the non-flood season; q j is the power generation flow of the hydropower station in the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the discharge of the hydropower station in the j-th long-term scheduling period; q min 、q max are the minimum and maximum power generation flows of the hydropower station; are the minimum and maximum discharges of the hydropower station; are the minimum and maximum output constraints of the hydropower station; are the minimum and maximum output constraints of the photovoltaic power station; are the minimum and maximum output constraints of the wind power station; Z j+1 、Z j are the water level heights of the hydropower station in the (j + 1)-th and j-th long-term scheduling periods respectively; ΔZ max is the maximum allowable water level variation of the hydropower station; A s is the capacity limit of the power grid external transmission channel in the corresponding period.

[0100] (12) Short-term scheduling model;

[0101] The short-term scheduling model is modeled with the goal of maximizing the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system. The short-term scheduling model uses a day as the scheduling period, which is a scheduling period of the long-term scheduling model, and an hour as the scheduling time period. It aims to make full use of the flexible regulation performance and powerful storage space of the hydropower station reservoir, perform power compensation regulation on wind power and photovoltaic power, suppress the randomness and volatility of wind and light power, improve the combined power transmission quality of the complementary system, and guide the complementary system to formulate a power generation plan acceptable to the power grid. The long-term and short-term scheduling models achieve nesting and information feedback through water level control, thereby establishing a long-short nested water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling model that can take into account both long-term power generation benefits and short-term power compensation benefits, and finely evaluate the power generation scheduling benefits of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity. The objective function is:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, E short is the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system under short-term scheduling; h is the number of short-term scheduling time periods; are the average grid-connected power outputs of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power in the t-th short-term scheduling time period of the j-th long-term scheduling time period respectively; △t is the duration of the short-term scheduling time period.

[0104] In addition to satisfying the constraint conditions mentioned in the long-term scheduling model, the short-term scheduling model also needs to satisfy the water level boundary constraint at the end of the short-term scheduling provided by the long-term scheduling.

[0105] Z j,t = Z j (15)

[0106] Among them, Z j,t is the reservoir control water level at the end of the t-th short-term scheduling time period of the j-th long-term scheduling time period of the short-term scheduling model; Z j is the reservoir control water level at the end of the j-th long-term scheduling time period provided by the long-term scheduling model.

[0107] (2) Analyze the types of curtailed power and the available curtailed power in the complementary system, and analyze the conversion relationship of water electrolysis hydrogen production using potential curtailed power as the power supply;

[0108] The hydrogen production principle is based on the electrolysis of water reaction, that is, water molecules are decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen during the electrolysis process. Through simulation and optimization, the present invention identifies the types of curtailed power in the system and quantifies its scale, including wind power curtailment, photovoltaic power curtailment, and water curtailment. And refine the water curtailment category, and quantify the curtailed power and the flood discharge water curtailment.

[0109] (21) Analyze the types of curtailed power and the available curtailed power in the complementary system;

[0110] The curtailment of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system includes curtailment of water and electricity, curtailment of wind and electricity, and curtailment of light and electricity. For the curtailment of wind and electricity and the curtailment of light and electricity, since the priority of wind power and photovoltaic power grid connection is relatively high, the complementary system will only generate curtailment of wind and electricity and curtailment of light and electricity when the output of wind power and photovoltaic power exceeds the capacity constraint of the transmission channel. For the curtailment of water and electricity, on the one hand, the regulation of the volatility of wind power and photovoltaic power by hydropower will intensify the competition of the external transmission channels of the three and result in curtailment of water; on the other hand, when the total output of the complementary system exceeds the capacity constraint of the transmission channel and the reservoir water level has reached the upper limit of the water level, the hydropower station will inevitably generate curtailment of water. Especially for the reservoir undertaking the flood control task of the basin, the upper limit of beneficial storage allowed during the flood season is the flood control limit water level. When a major flood occurs in the basin, a more serious phenomenon of curtailment of water will occur.

[0111] For the curtailment of water generated by hydropower stations, not all curtailment of water can be converted into electricity as the power generation flow. The curtailment of water can be divided into curtailment of water for electricity and flood discharge curtailment of water according to the installed capacity limit. Among them, the electric energy lost when the hydropower station fails to generate electricity according to its maximum generating capacity, that is, the curtailment of electricity of the hydropower station, and the curtailment of water at this time is the curtailment of water for electricity. The total curtailment of water minus the curtailment of water for electricity is the flood discharge curtailment of water, which reflects the water resources that cannot be utilized due to the relatively small installed capacity of the hydropower station.

[0112]

[0113] Among them, is the curtailment of electricity in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; A is the output coefficient of the hydropower station; is the curtailment of water for electricity flow in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; H j,t is the head difference between the upstream and downstream of the hydropower station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the curtailment of water flow in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the upper limit of the output of the hydropower station; is the power generation and grid connection output of the hydropower station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the flood discharge curtailment of water flow in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period.

[0114] The total curtailment of electricity of the system is:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, is the total curtailment of electricity in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system; and are the curtailment of wind electricity and the curtailment of photovoltaic electricity in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period respectively; and are the total wind power output and the wind power output connected to the grid in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period, respectively; and are the total PV power output and the PV power output connected to the grid in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period, respectively.

[0117] (22) Analyze the conversion relationship of electrolytic water hydrogen production using potential curtailed electricity as the power supply;

[0118] The hydrogen production station uses the curtailed electricity of the multi-energy complementary system as the power source. Therefore, the electricity consumed by the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the hydrogen production station should be less than the curtailed electricity of the complementary system in each period.

[0119]

[0120] At the same time, in order to give full play to the efficiency of the equipment and ensure the safety of the hydrogen production process, when the hydrogen production station operates at the maximum power, the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment can be compressed and stored by the compression equipment in a timely manner. The mass of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment in the same period should be less than the mass of hydrogen compressed by the compression equipment. The hydrogen production station opens and closes the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the corresponding scale according to the curtailed electricity situation of the complementary system in this period.

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] Among them, W e is the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment; W l is the configuration scale of the compression equipment; is the mass of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the mass of hydrogen stored by the compression equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; ρ is the density of hydrogen under standard conditions; is the power of the operating electrolysis equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the power of the operating compression equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; η e is the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment; η l is the compression efficiency of the compression equipment; is the maximum operating power of the electrolysis equipment; is the maximum operating power of the compression equipment.

[0124] (3) Establish a coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and curtailed electricity hydrogen production, and optimize the water level process of the hydropower station again to make the water discharge of the hydropower station more evenly distributed in the time scale and improve the utilization rate of curtailed electricity in the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system;

[0125] The dispatching operation process of the complementary system for power generation and grid connection obtained from the long-short nested multi-energy complementary dispatching model of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power has uneven distribution of water abandonment over time, which is not conducive to power-to-hydrogen production. And during the periods when there is water abandonment in the hydropower station, there are multiple reservoir water level processes that can meet the same power generation and grid connection requirements. Therefore, on the basis of meeting the power generation and grid connection plan of the hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic multi-energy complementary system, it is necessary to further optimize the water level control process of the hydropower station to make the distribution of abandoned electricity more uniform in order to maximize the utilization of abandoned electricity. The abandoned electricity-to-hydrogen production model first analyzes the distribution of abandoned electricity in different dispatching schemes based on the capacity configuration of the hydrogen production stations set in different schemes, and calculates the electric energy utilized by the hydrogen production stations. Then, it re-optimizes the dispatching process during the abandoned electricity periods, and the re-optimization needs to be fed back into the long-short nested multi-energy complementary dispatching model of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power for recalculation. Finally, the optimized dispatching process with the maximum available abandoned electricity is obtained and updated as the optimal dispatching scheme (see Figure 3 ).

[0126] (31) Based on the distribution of abandoned electricity in the multi-energy complementary system, optimize the water level process of the hydropower station to make the water abandonment of the hydropower station more evenly distributed on the time scale and improve the utilization rate of abandoned electricity in the hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic multi-energy complementary system;

[0127] The coupling model of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic multi-energy complementary and abandoned electricity-to-hydrogen production aims to maximize the utilization of abandoned electricity in the complementary system. With an hourly dispatching period and an annual dispatching period, and the reservoir storage capacity as the decision variable. It aims to optimize and adjust the water level process of the reservoir on the basis of multi-energy complementary dispatching, and use the regulating capacity of the reservoir to smooth the volatility of abandoned electricity in the complementary system, and improve the utilization rate of abandoned electricity without affecting power generation and grid connection.

[0128]

[0129] Among them, E use is the electric quantity transmitted from the complementary system to the hydrogen production station, that is, the utilized abandoned electricity; are the hydropower-to-hydrogen production output, wind power-to-hydrogen production output, and photovoltaic power-to-hydrogen production output in the t-th short-term dispatching period of the j-th long-term dispatching period, respectively.

[0130] In addition to meeting the constraint conditions mentioned in the multi-energy complementary dispatching model, the coupling model of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic multi-energy complementary and abandoned electricity-to-hydrogen production also needs to consider the transmission constraints of each power station, the output constraints of the hydropower station, and the maximum power constraints of the hydrogen production station.

[0131] Transmission constraints of each power station: The electricity transmitted from each power station to the hydrogen production station should be less than the abandoned electricity of each power station obtained from the multi-energy complementary dispatching model.

[0132]

[0133] Hydropower station output constraint: After connecting to the hydrogen production station, the hydropower transmission direction includes the power grid and the hydrogen production station. The total hydropower output includes two parts: the power output to the grid and the hydrogen production output, and it is necessary to meet the minimum and maximum output constraints of hydropower.

[0134]

[0135] Maximum power constraint of hydrogen production station: The power transmitted from each power station to the hydrogen production station should be less than the maximum power of the hydrogen production station.

[0136]

[0137] Among them, is the total output of the hydropower station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period, where the power output of the hydropower station to the grid is obtained by solving the multi-energy complementary scheduling model; is the hydrogen production output of the hydropower station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; W q is the maximum power of the hydrogen production station during operation, that is, the ability of the hydrogen production station to absorb and discard electricity, which is proportional to the configuration scale of the hydrogen production station. When the amount of discarded electricity in the complementary system exceeds the maximum absorption capacity of the hydrogen production station, the discarded electricity cannot be fully utilized, and the complementary system will still generate discarded electricity.

[0138] The scheduling process of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system is a complex decision-making process that needs to consider various aspects such as reservoir runoff, hydropower station output, and wind and solar power. The dynamic programming algorithm (DP algorithm) is selected for solution. First, the basic parameters such as reservoir runoff, wind power, and photovoltaic power are input into the long-term scheduling model. With the goal of maximizing the annual power generation benefit and using the reservoir water storage at the end of each period as the decision variable, the DP algorithm is used to optimize and generate the annual scheduling operation process of the water complementary system. Then, using the reservoir water level process as the initial and final water levels of each short-term scheduling model to provide water level boundary conditions, the volatility of wind and solar power is suppressed by adjusting the short-term operation process of the hydropower station. With the goal of maximizing the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system and using the reservoir water storage at the end of each period as the decision variable, the DP algorithm is used to optimize and generate the daily scheduling operation process of the complementary system. Finally, the operation processes calculated by each short-term scheduling model are fed back to the long-term scheduling model to finely simulate the annual operation process of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system and obtain the annual water and electricity abandonment situations of the complementary system.

[0139] The coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity is solved using dynamic programming (DP). Different from the multi-energy complementarity scheduling model, the model aims to maximize the curtailed electricity utilized by the complementary system. With the hydropower grid-connected output obtained from the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity scheduling model as the boundary, the solved hydropower output includes two parts: hydropower grid-connected output and hydropower hydrogen production output. The hydropower grid-connected output is obtained by solving the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity scheduling model. The coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity further optimizes the water level process based on the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity scheduling results, and solves the hydropower hydrogen production output process with the maximum curtailed electricity utilization rate.

[0140] (4) Establish a capacity configuration model for the hydrogen production station, and determine the optimal configuration scale based on the comprehensive operating performance during the operation period of the hydrogen production station.

[0141] The capacity configuration model first parameterizes and discretizes the capacity configuration of the hydrogen production station, and then selects the capacity configurations of the hydrogen production station under different scenarios, including the capacity configurations of electrolysis equipment and compression equipment. Then, the relevant data is input as the initial value into the long-short nested water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity scheduling model and the coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity. By analyzing and optimizing the curtailed electricity situation of the complementary system, the annual operation process of the hydrogen production station is obtained. Finally, the comprehensive operating performance of the hydrogen production station throughout its life cycle is evaluated, which specifically depends on the resource input and output composition of the hydrogen production station. According to whether the results converge, the optimal capacity configuration result is obtained (see Figure 4 ).

[0142] (41) The resource input and output composition of the hydrogen production station;

[0143] The hydrogen production station uses the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and stores hydrogen in the form of high-pressure hydrogen. The operating equipment of the hydrogen production station includes electrolysis equipment and compression equipment. The electrolysis equipment first consumes electricity to produce normal-pressure hydrogen and transports it to the compression equipment, and the compression equipment then consumes electricity to store the normal-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank in the form of high-pressure hydrogen. The capacity configuration model aims to optimize the comprehensive operating performance of the hydrogen production station during its operation period, takes the equipment operation years as the system operation period, and takes the configuration scales of the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment as decision variables. The construction of the hydrogen production station aims to solve the problem of curtailed electricity in the already built complementary system while ensuring that it does not affect the normal grid connection of the complementary system. The objective function covers the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station, the equipment input cost, and the consumption of operation and maintenance resources.

[0144] Energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station: The hydrogen production station supplies the produced high-pressure hydrogen to the demand side, and measures the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station through its energy output value. The energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station is generally measured according to the volume of hydrogen gas under standard conditions, and then the net present value of the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station is calculated based on this. The hydrogen production volume within a year is calculated accordingly based on the hydrogen production power at different times.

[0145]

[0146] Among them, I(W e ,W l ) is the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station, where the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment is W e , and the configuration scale of the compression equipment is W l ; y is the operation period of the hydrogen production station; V h (W e ,W l ) is the volume of high-pressure hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production station under standard conditions; p h is the value of high-pressure hydrogen; I is the annual interest rate; is the total operating power of the hydrogen production station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; E g is the power consumption of the hydrogen production station to produce a unit standard volume of high-pressure hydrogen; W e is the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment of the hydrogen production station; W l is the configuration scale of the compression equipment of the hydrogen production station.

[0147] Equipment input cost: The equipment input cost of the hydrogen production station mainly includes the investment costs of the electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment. Analyze the preliminary work fees, construction engineering fees, equipment purchase fees, and other fees that need to be invested during the design and construction period of the hydrogen production station.

[0148] C(W e ,W l ) = W e ×p e +W l ×p l (35)

[0149] Among them, C(W e ,W l ) is the equipment input cost of the hydrogen production station, where the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment is W e , and the configuration scale of the compression equipment is W l ; p e is the cost of the electrolysis equipment; p l Compression equipment cost.

[0150] Operation and maintenance resource consumption: After the hydrogen production station is built and put into operation, in order to ensure long-term normal and stable operation, necessary maintenance and repairs need to be carried out every year. The operation and maintenance resource consumption of the hydrogen production station is proportional to the configuration scale of the hydrogen production station. Calculate the net present value of the operation and maintenance resource consumption within the whole life cycle according to the operation life.

[0151]

[0152] Among them, O(W e ,W l) is the resource consumption for the operation and maintenance of the hydrogen production station, where the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment is W e , and the configuration scale of the compression equipment is W l ; c e is the resource consumption for the operation and maintenance required for each MW of hydrogen production equipment configuration per year; c l is the resource consumption for the operation and maintenance required for each MW of compression equipment configuration per year.

[0153] (42) Optimal configuration of the hydrogen production station capacity;

[0154] To determine the optimal configuration scale of the hydrogen production station, a capacity configuration model of the hydrogen production station is established; the optimal configuration of the hydrogen production station capacity aims to maximize the investment return of the complementary operation throughout the life cycle, and finally determines the configuration scales of the electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment of the hydrogen production station.

[0155] maxNPV(W e ,W l ) = I(W e ,W l ) - C(W e ,W l ) - O(W e ,W l ) (37)

[0156]

[0157] Among them, NPV(W e ,W l ) is the net present value during the operation period of the hydrogen production station, where the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment is W e , and the configuration scale of the compression equipment is W l ; I(W e ,W l ) is the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station; C(W e ,W l ) is the equipment input cost of the hydrogen production station; O(W e ,W l ) is the resource consumption for the operation and maintenance of the hydrogen production station, is the optimal configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment of the hydrogen production station; is the optimal configuration scale of the compression equipment of the hydrogen production station;

[0158] The capacity configuration model needs to consider the hydrogen production power constraint, the hydrogen storage constraint, and the total power consumption constraint.

[0159] Hydrogen production power constraint: The electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment need to meet the rated power.

[0160]

[0161] Hydrogen storage constraints: In order to give full play to the benefits of the equipment and ensure the safety of the hydrogen production process, when the hydrogen production station is running at maximum power, the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment can be compressed and stored by the compression equipment in time. The mass of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment in the same period should be less than the mass of hydrogen compressed by the compression equipment. The hydrogen production station will start and close the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of corresponding scale according to the power abandonment of the complementary system in that period.

[0162]

[0163] Total power consumption constraint: The hydrogen production station uses the abandoned power of the multi-energy complementary system as its power source. Therefore, the power consumed by the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the hydrogen production station should be less than the abandoned power of the complementary system in each time period.

[0164]

[0165] Among them, W e Configure the scale for the electrolysis equipment; W l Sizing compression equipment; is the quality of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment in the tth short-term scheduling period in the jth long-term scheduling period; is the mass of hydrogen stored in the compression equipment during the tth short-term scheduling period in the jth long-term scheduling period; ρ is the hydrogen density under standard conditions; is the power of the electrolysis equipment in the tth short-term scheduling period in the jth long-term scheduling period; is the power of the compression equipment in the tth short-term scheduling period in the jth long-term scheduling period; η e is the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment; η l Compression efficiency for compression equipment; is the maximum operating power of the electrolysis equipment; It is the maximum operating power of the compression equipment.

[0166] (43) Capacity configuration model solution algorithm;

[0167] The configuration scale of the hydrogen production station includes two important parameters: the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment. In the step of parameterizing the capacity configuration model and discretizing the capacity configuration of the hydrogen production station, it is necessary to further clarify the configuration of the electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment. The specific process of determination is as follows:

[0168] Step 1: Select the moment when the power abandonment of the complementary system is the largest, and determine the upper limit of the configuration of the electrolysis equipment of the hydrogen production station based on this power.

[0169] Step 2: Follow a certain step length △W e Upper limit of discrete electrolysis device scale And set the initial value W of the electrolysis equipment e =0;

[0170] Step 3: W e = W e + △W e ;

[0171] Step 4: According to the hydrogen production constraints of the model, the configuration scale of the compression equipment matching the corresponding electrolysis equipment can be determined. The overall system operation after connecting to the hydrogen production station is simulated through the coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity, and the comprehensive operation performance of the hydrogen production station during its operation period is evaluated.

[0172] Step 5: If Return to Step 3; otherwise, go to Step 6.

[0173] Step 6: The total configuration scale of hydrogen production is the sum of the configuration scales of the electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment. Select the scheme with the best comprehensive operation performance among all scale schemes, and the configuration scale of the hydrogen production station in this scheme is the optimal configuration scale.

[0174] The present invention also provides a hydrogen production system based on the utilization of curtailed electricity in a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system, including:

[0175] A multi-energy complementary scheduling model construction unit for establishing a long-short nested water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary scheduling model to finely simulate the scheduling operation process of the complementary system for power generation and grid connection; including a long-term scheduling model and a short-term scheduling model. The long-term scheduling model aims at maximizing the long-term power generation benefit, and the short-term scheduling model aims at maximizing the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system.

[0176] An electrolytic water hydrogen production conversion relationship analysis unit for analyzing the types of curtailed electricity in the complementary system and the available curtailed electricity, and analyzing the conversion relationship of electrolytic water hydrogen production with potential curtailed electricity as the power supply.

[0177] A coupling model construction unit for establishing a coupling model of water-wind-solar multi-energy complementarity and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity, and further optimizing the water level process of the hydropower station to make the water discharge of the hydropower station more evenly distributed on the time scale and improve the utilization rate of curtailed electricity in the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system.

[0178] An optimal configuration unit for establishing a capacity configuration model of the hydrogen production station and determining the optimal configuration scale based on the comprehensive operation performance during the operation period of the hydrogen production station.

[0179] An electronic device for storing and executing the above method, including:

[0180] A memory storing executable program code;

[0181] A processor coupled to the memory;

[0182] The processor calls the executable program code stored in the memory and executes the steps of the hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed power of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system.

[0183] A computer-readable storage medium for storing and executing the method, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are called, they are used to execute the steps of the hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed power of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity in a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Establish a long-short nested multi-energy complementary scheduling model for water, wind, and light to finely simulate the scheduling operation process of the complementary system's power generation and grid connection; including a long-term scheduling model and a short-term scheduling model. The long-term scheduling model aims to maximize the long-term power generation benefit, and the short-term scheduling model aims to maximize the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system; (2) Analyze the types of curtailed electricity and the available amount of curtailed electricity in the complementary system, and analyze the conversion relationship of electrolytic water hydrogen production using potential curtailed electricity as the power supply; (3) Establish a coupling model of multi-energy complementarity of water, wind, and light and curtailed electricity hydrogen production. With the goal of maximizing the curtailed electricity utilized by the complementary system, taking the hydropower output connected to the grid obtained from the multi-energy complementary scheduling model as the boundary, and the reservoir storage capacity as the decision variable, optimize and adjust the water level process of the reservoir on the basis of multi-energy complementary scheduling to obtain the hydropower hydrogen production output process with the maximum curtailed electricity utilization rate, and use the regulating capacity of the reservoir to suppress the volatility of the curtailed electricity in the complementary system; (4) Establish a capacity configuration model for the hydrogen production station and determine the optimal configuration scale based on the comprehensive operation performance during the operation period of the hydrogen production station.

2. The hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, wherein, The objective function of the long-term scheduling model in step (1) is: Among them, E long is the long-term power generation benefit of the complementary system under medium- and long-term scheduling; d is the number of long-term scheduling periods; are respectively the average on-grid power outputs of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power in the j-th long-term scheduling period; p h , p w , p p are respectively the on-grid unit prices of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power; △T is the duration of the long-term scheduling period; The objective function of the short-term scheduling model is: Among them, E short is the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system under short-term scheduling; h is the number of short-term scheduling periods; are respectively the average grid-connected output of hydropower, the average grid-connected output of wind power, and the average grid-connected output of photovoltaic power in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; △t is the duration of the short-term scheduling period; The constraint conditions of the model include: the output constraints of each hydropower station, wind power station, and photovoltaic power station, the water volume balance constraint, water level constraint, storage capacity constraint, flow constraint of the reservoir, and the constraint of the grid's external transmission channel limit.

3. The hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), analyze the types of curtailed electricity and the available amount of curtailed electricity in the complementary system, specifically: The curtailed electricity in the multi-energy complementary system of water, wind, and light includes curtailment of water and electricity, curtailment of wind and electricity, and curtailment of light and electricity; for the curtailed water generated by the hydropower station, the curtailed water is divided into curtailed electricity water and flood discharge water according to the installed capacity limit. Among them, the electricity lost when the hydropower station fails to generate electricity at the maximum power generation capacity, that is, the curtailed electricity of the hydropower station, and the curtailed water at this time is the curtailed electricity water; the total curtailed water minus the curtailed electricity water is the flood discharge water: Among them, is the amount of abandoned hydropower in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; A is the hydropower station output coefficient; is the abandoned water flow of the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; H j,t is the head difference between upstream and downstream of the hydropower station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the abandoned water flow of the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the upper limit of hydropower station output; is the power generation output of the hydropower station in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the flood discharge and abandoned water flow of the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; The total curtailed electricity of the system is: Among them, is the total curtailment electricity in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period of the water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system; and are the wind curtailment electricity and photovoltaic curtailment electricity in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period respectively; and are the total wind power output and the wind power output connected to the grid in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period respectively; and are the total photovoltaic power output and the photovoltaic power output connected to the grid in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period respectively.

4. The hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, wherein, In step (2), the conversion relationship of electrolytic water hydrogen production using potential curtailed electricity as the power supply, specifically: The hydrogen production station uses the curtailed electricity of the multi-energy complementary system as the power source, and the electricity consumed by the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the hydrogen production station should be less than the curtailed electricity of the complementary system at each time period: The mass of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment in the same time period should be less than the mass of hydrogen compressed by the compression equipment quantity, and the hydrogen production station opens and closes the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the corresponding scale according to the curtailed electricity situation of the complementary system in this time period: Among them, W e is the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment; W l is the configuration scale of the compression equipment; is the mass of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the mass of hydrogen stored by the compression equipment in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; ρ is the density of hydrogen under standard conditions; is the power of the electrolysis equipment operating in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; is the power of the compression equipment operating in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period; η e is the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolysis equipment; η l is the compression efficiency of the compression equipment; is the maximum operating power of the electrolysis equipment; is the maximum operating power of the compression equipment.

5. The hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, wherein In step (3), the objective function of the coupling model of multi-energy complementarity of water, wind, and light and curtailed electricity hydrogen production is: Among them, E use is the electric energy transported by the complementary system to the hydrogen production station, that is, the abandoned electric energy utilized; are the hydrogen production outputs of hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic power in the t-th short-term scheduling period of the j-th long-term scheduling period, respectively; The constraint conditions of the coupling model of multi-energy complementarity of water, wind, and light and curtailed electricity hydrogen production include the constraint conditions of the multi-energy complementary scheduling model, as well as the transmission constraints of each power station, the output constraint of the hydropower station, and the maximum power constraint of the hydrogen production station.

6. The hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (4) includes the following steps: (41) The resource input and output composition of the hydrogen production station; The operating equipment of the hydrogen production station includes electrolysis equipment and compression equipment, and the resource input and output is the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station minus the equipment input cost and the consumption of operation and maintenance resources; (42) Establish a capacity configuration model for the hydrogen production station and determine the optimal configuration scale of the hydrogen production station; The optimization configuration of the hydrogen production station capacity aims to achieve the best overall operation performance within the complementary operation life cycle, and finally determines the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment and compression equipment of the hydrogen production station; the objective function is as follows: Among them, NPV(W e ,W l ) is the net present value during the operation period of the hydrogen production station, where the configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment is W e , and the configuration scale of the compression equipment is W l ; I(W e ,W l ) is the energy output benefit of the hydrogen production station; C(W e ,W l ) is the equipment input cost of the hydrogen production station; O(W e ,W l ) is the resource consumption of operation and maintenance of the hydrogen production station, is the optimal configuration scale of the electrolysis equipment of the hydrogen production station; is the optimal configuration scale of the compression equipment of the hydrogen production station; The constraint conditions of the capacity configuration model include: hydrogen power constraint, hydrogen storage constraint, and total power consumption constraint; (43) The solution algorithm of the capacity configuration model; The parameter simulation optimization method is adopted to obtain the optimal hydrogen production station capacity configuration scheme; first, parameterize the capacity configuration scheme of the hydrogen production station, construct a long-short nested multi-energy complementary scheduling model of water, wind and light, and a coupling model of multi-energy complementary of water, wind and light and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity, and finely evaluate the overall operation performance of the hydrogen production station; then, based on the evaluation results, use modern heuristic algorithms to guide the adjustment of the hydrogen production station capacity configuration scheme until the hydrogen production station capacity configuration scheme that maximizes the investment benefit of the whole life cycle is found.

7. The hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system according to claim 6, wherein The specific content of step (43) is as follows: Step 1: Select the moment when the discarded power of the complementary system is the largest, and determine the upper limit of the configuration of the electrolysis equipment in the hydrogen production station according to this power Step 2: According to a certain step size △W e Upper limit of the scale of the discrete electrolysis equipment And set the initial value W of the electrolysis equipment e = 0; Step 3: W e = W e + △W e ; Step 4: According to the hydrogen production constraints of the model, the configuration scale of the compression equipment matching the corresponding electrolysis equipment can be determined. Simulate the operation of the complementary system after connecting to the hydrogen production station through the complementary scheduling model, and evaluate the comprehensive operation performance of the hydrogen production station during its operation period. Step 5: If Return to Step 3; Otherwise, go to step 6; Step 6: The total configuration scale of hydrogen production is the sum of the configuration scales of the electrolysis equipment and the compression equipment. Select the scheme with the best overall operation performance among all scale schemes, and the configuration scale of the hydrogen production station in this scheme is the optimal configuration scale.

8. A hydrogen production system based on the utilization of curtailed electricity in a water-wind-solar multi-energy complementary system, characterized in that, It includes: The multi-energy complementary scheduling model construction unit is used to establish a long-short nested multi-energy complementary scheduling model of water, wind and light, and finely simulate the scheduling operation process of the complementary system for power generation and grid connection; it includes a long-term scheduling model and a short-term scheduling model. The long-term scheduling model aims to maximize the long-term power generation benefit, and the short-term scheduling model aims to maximize the short-term power generation benefit of the complementary system; The conversion relationship analysis unit for electrolytic water hydrogen production is used to analyze the types of curtailed electricity and the available curtailed electricity volume of the complementary system, and analyze the conversion relationship of electrolytic water hydrogen production with potential curtailed electricity as the power supply; The coupling model construction unit is used to establish a coupling model of multi-energy complementary of water, wind and light and hydrogen production from curtailed electricity, aiming to maximize the curtailed electricity utilized by the complementary system, with the hydropower output connected to the grid obtained from the multi-energy complementary scheduling model as the boundary, and the reservoir storage capacity as the decision variable. On the basis of multi-energy complementary scheduling, optimize and adjust the water level process of the reservoir to obtain the hydropower hydrogen production output process with the maximum curtailed electricity utilization rate, and use the regulation capacity of the reservoir to suppress the volatility of the curtailed electricity of the complementary system; The optimal configuration unit is used to establish the capacity configuration model of the hydrogen production station, and determine the optimal configuration scale based on the overall operation performance during the operation period of the hydrogen production station.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The equipment includes: A memory storing executable program codes; A processor coupled to the memory; The processor calls the executable program codes stored in the memory and executes the steps of the hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of the water, wind and light multi-energy complementary system according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, which are used to execute the steps of the hydrogen production method based on the utilization of curtailed electricity of the water, wind and light multi-energy complementary system according to any one of claims 1-7 when called.

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