Spiral stair with rest platform and spiral line modeling method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building spiral stairs, in particular to a spiral stair with a rest platform and a spiral line modeling method of the spiral stair. A spiral stair with a rest platform comprises a breast board, a stair board and the rest platform. The breast board continuously extends along a spiral line on the outer side of the stair, a plurality of stiffening ribs are arranged in the breast board to form a multi-cavity special-shaped section, and side stair beams are formed. The ladder plates and the side ladder beams are connected through high-strength bolts or welded, and the thickness of the ladder plates and the side ladder beams ranges from 80 mm to 100 mm. The rest platform is embedded in the spiral line, the joint of the rest platform and the ladder section adopts gradient curvature transition, and the curvature radius of the joint is consistent with the curvature of the ladder section; wherein the ladder plates transmit plane load to the side ladder beams, and form out-of-plane constraint on the side ladder beams. Through the collaborative design of the breast board multi-cavity section and the step combination body, the absolute continuity of the spiral line form is realized while the light weight and high torsion resistance of the structure are ensured, and the limitation of aesthetic integrity is broken through by means of parametric modeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of architectural spiral staircases, and particularly to a spiral staircase with a landing and a method for modeling its spiral line. Background Art

[0002] In contemporary architectural practice, spiral staircases, with their elegant curved forms and spatial efficiency, have become core design elements in public spaces such as high-end commercial and cultural venues. However, the design of traditional spiral staircases has long been trapped in the conflict between structural performance and aesthetic expression, and it is difficult to meet the comprehensive requirements of modern architecture for light forms, spatial permeability, and functional integration. The specific manifestations are as follows: Fragmentation of morphological continuity: To meet the ergonomic requirements, traditional spiral staircases usually insert landings in the spiral trajectory. Such platforms mostly use straight or low-curvature arc segments for transition, forcing the spiral line to be divided into multiple independent stair segments and platform units, resulting in a discontinuous fragmented visual effect on the side profile. Taking the staircase in the atrium of a certain international convention and exhibition center as an example, the curvature of its landing and stair segment is large, forming an obvious "break point" in the top-down view, which destroys the flowing beauty of the spiral form.

[0003] Redundancy of spatial interfaces: To transfer the complex loads of spiral staircases, conventional designs rely on arranging main load-bearing beams (such as I-beams or concrete beams) under the stair slabs. Such structures cause the space under the staircase to be occupied by a dense beam network, forming a sense of visual oppression and restricting the clear height for passage. More seriously, traditional stair beams under the action of spiral torque need to increase the cross-sectional size to resist flexural deformation, further exacerbating material redundancy.

[0004] Limitations in adaptability to large-span scenarios: In large-span public spaces such as museums and transportation hubs, the span of spiral staircases often exceeds 15 meters. Due to insufficient torsional stiffness of traditional structural systems, they need to rely on giant-section beams or auxiliary support frames, resulting in the staircase form deviating significantly from the design intent.

[0005] Existing technologies improve the force-bearing by adding support columns or complex trusses, but at the expense of space utilization and aesthetic value. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a spiral staircase with a landing that can achieve absolute continuity of the spiral line form and extreme simplicity of the spatial interface while ensuring structural safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims at the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides a spiral staircase with a landing and a method for modeling its spiral line, which is structurally safe and can achieve absolute continuity of the spiral line form.

[0007] The technical solution for the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A spiral staircase with a landing, comprising: Balustrade: Continuously extending along the outer spiral of the staircase, with multiple stiffening ribs inside to form a multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section, constituting the side staircase beam; Stair slab: Connected to the side staircase beam by high-strength bolts or welding; Landing: Embedded in the spiral, with the same radius of curvature as the staircase section; Among them, the stair slab transfers the planar load to the side staircase beam and forms an out-of-plane constraint on the side staircase beam.

[0008] In the present invention, the side staircase beam is load-bearing by the multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section inside the balustrade, eliminating the lower support structure, and achieving structural lightweight and visual continuity.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0010] Further, the stiffening ribs are horizontal ribs, and the cross-section of the balustrade is box-shaped or I-shaped, with multiple horizontal ribs inside to form a multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section. The box-shaped or I-shaped cross-section and the horizontal ribs enhance the bending and torsion resistance of the side staircase beam, and solve the problem of easy instability of the thin-walled balustrade.

[0011] The side staircase beam is made of high-strength steel or carbon fiber composite material. The thickness of the stair slab is 80-100 mm, and it is connected to the side staircase beam by high-strength bolts or welding. High-strength steel or carbon fiber material improves the bearing capacity of the side staircase beam, which is suitable for large-span scenarios. The stair slab is fixed to the side staircase beam by high-strength connectors, reducing its own weight and avoiding the exposure of supports.

[0012] Further, the stair slab is composed of step assemblies. Each step assembly includes a step board and a bottom board. There are multiple step assemblies, and a step vertical rib is provided every other step assembly. The step vertical rib is arranged at the corresponding kick surface position and perpendicularly connects the step board and the bottom board to form a planar rigid unit. The stair slab forms an out-of-plane constraint on the side staircase beam through the step vertical ribs of the step assemblies. The intermittently arranged step vertical ribs form local rigid units, saving materials while restricting the lateral deformation of the side staircase beam.

[0013] Further, multiple platform vertical ribs are arranged at intervals inside the landing.

[0014] Further, multiple step vertical ribs and multiple platform vertical ribs are evenly distributed at intervals in the spiral. The load is evenly distributed at equal intervals, preventing local damage caused by stress concentration.

[0015] Further, it also includes a railing and a handrail. The handrail is arranged above the balustrade and is embedded in the railing to form an integrated connection with the balustrade. It has both a protective function and a decorative function, and simplifies the construction process.

[0016] Furthermore, a gradual curvature transition is adopted at the connection between the landing and the flight of stairs to avoid visual discontinuity and ensure visual continuity.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for modeling the spiral line of the above spiral staircase with a landing, including the following steps: Step S1: Parameter definition Input the center coordinate O of the circle, the starting coordinate P0 of the side beam, the rotation height H1 and the total rotation angle θ, where H1 < H and H is the total lifting height of the staircase; Step S2: Angle and height equal division According to the design requirements, divide the rotation angle θ into N equal parts to obtain the angle increment Δθ = θ / N; divide the rotation height H1 into N equal parts to obtain the height increment Δh = H1 / N; Step S3: Generation of horizontal division points With the center O of the circle as the center, rotate the starting point P0 of the side beam around the center of the circle by an angle of Δθ to sequentially generate N horizontal division points P1 to PN; Step S4: Lifting of spatial points Assign Z-direction coordinates to each horizontal division point P1 to PN. The Z coordinate of the i-th point is zi = i·Δh, and the value range of i is from 1 to N, to generate spatial points Q1 to QN; Step S5: Spiral line generation and side beam lofting Connect the spatial points Q1 to QN in sequence to generate a spiral line, and use this spiral line as the path to determine the cross-sectional form of the lofted side ladder beam to form a side ladder beam model.

[0018] Furthermore, during the side ladder beam lofting in step S5, the cross-sectional axis always coincides with the tangent direction of the spiral line. Parametric modeling ensures the geometric continuity of the spiral line, and the coincidence of the lofting axis and the tangent optimizes the force path of the side ladder beam.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section of the railing of the present invention significantly improves the bending and torsion resistance. Combined with the setting of the step vertical ribs in the spaced step combination, it effectively inhibits the lateral instability of the thin-walled cross-section and is suitable for large-span scenarios. The spatial cooperative force transmission system breaks through the limitation of the traditional single beam relying on the cross-sectional size, and the load is efficiently transmitted through the multi-chamber cooperative deformation and the decomposition of the plane internal force, reducing material redundancy.

[0020] 2. The railing of the present invention extends along a continuous spiral line, and the landing is embedded through a gradual change in curvature, eliminating the visual discontinuity of the traditional design and presenting a complete and smooth spiral form. The integrated design of the railing and the handrail combines the functions of decoration and protection, meeting the aesthetic requirements of high-end buildings.

[0021] 3. The spiral staircase of the present invention ensures the geometric accuracy of the spiral line through parametric modeling, and the prefabricated assembly technology greatly reduces the complexity of on-site construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A perspective view of the spiral staircase with a landing according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A perspective view of the spiral staircase with a landing according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A side view of the spiral staircase with a landing according to an embodiment of the present invention after unfolding; Figure 4 A partial side view of the spiral staircase with a landing according to an embodiment of the present invention after unfolding; Figure 5 A schematic structural view of the connection between the railing and the stair slab according to an embodiment of the present invention; In the drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows: 1. Upper edge of the side stair beam, 2. Handrail, 3. Railing, 4. Horizontal rib, 5. Tread board, 6. Railing panel, 7. Lower edge of the side stair beam, 8. Bottom plate, 9. Vertical rib of the tread, 10. Vertical rib of the platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0025] In the description of the present application, the term "for example" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration, or explanation". Any embodiment described in the present application as "for example" is not necessarily to be construed as more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the present invention. In the following description, details are set forth for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not elaborated in detail so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but rather to be in line with the broadest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in the present application.

[0026] Embodiment A spiral staircase with a landing, as Figures 1-4 shown, comprising: Balustrade 6: Made of high-strength steel or carbon fiber composite material, continuously extending along the outer spiral of the staircase. The cross-section of the balustrade 6 is box-shaped, and multiple horizontal ribs 4 are arranged inside it to form a multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section, which constitutes the side ladder beam. The side ladder beam is supported by the multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section inside the balustrade 6, eliminating the lower support structure and realizing the lightweight of the structure.

[0027] Stair tread: With a thickness of 80 - 100 mm, connected to the side ladder beam by high-strength bolts or welding. The stair tread is composed of a tread combination body, and the tread combination body includes a tread plate 5 and a bottom plate 8. There are multiple tread combination bodies, and a tread vertical rib 9 is provided every other tread combination body. The tread vertical rib 9 is arranged at the corresponding kick surface position and vertically connects the tread plate 5 and the bottom plate 8 to form a planar rigid unit. The stair tread forms an out-of-plane constraint on the side ladder beam through the tread vertical rib 9 of the tread combination body. The side ladder beam and the stair tread are connected by high-strength bolts or welding. The thickness of the stair tread can be reduced to 80 - 100 mm, and there is no exposed support structure along the lower edge 7 of the side ladder beam. Landing: Embedded in the spiral, with a gradual curvature transition at the connection with the flight of stairs. Its radius of curvature is the same as that of the flight of stairs, achieving visual continuity.

[0028] The spiral staircase of the present invention reconstructs the force transmission path and structural logic through the synergistic effect of the multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section inside the railing 6 and the step combination. The multi-chamber cross-section formed by the continuous horizontal ribs 4 inside the railing 6 constitutes a side ladder beam as the main load-bearing member, which bears vertical loads and torques; a step vertical rib 9 is provided for every other step combination, and the step combination is composed of a step plate 5, a bottom plate 8, and a step vertical rib 9, which transmits the planar load to the side ladder beam. At the same time, through the rigid connection of the step vertical rib 9, an out-of-plane constraint is applied to the thin-walled cross-section of the side ladder beam to inhibit its lateral instability. The side ladder beam and the step combination form a spatial grid system to jointly resist the spiral torque - the side ladder beam optimizes the shear flow distribution through the special-shaped cross-section, and the step combination decomposes the torque into planar internal forces for transmission, breaking through the limitation of the traditional side ladder beam relying on the cross-sectional size. Different from the linear force transmission mode of the conventional beam-slab structure, the load is efficiently transmitted through the uniform diffusion of the step combination and the multi-chamber collaborative deformation of the side ladder beam, avoiding local stress concentration.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of platform vertical ribs 10 are provided at intervals inside the landing. Among them, the plurality of step vertical ribs 9 and the plurality of platform vertical ribs 10 are equally spaced along the spiral line.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, it further includes a railing 3 and a handrail 2. The handrail 2 is arranged above the railing 6, and the handrail 2 is embedded in the railing 3 to form an integrated connection with the railing 6. Therefore, the railing 3 is connected to the upper edge 1 of the side ladder beam.

[0031] This embodiment also provides a spiral line modeling method for the above-mentioned spiral staircase with a landing, including the following steps: Step S1: Parameter definition Input the center coordinate O of the circle, the starting coordinate P0 of the side beam, the rotation height H1, and the total rotation angle θ, where H1 < H, and H is the total lifting height of the staircase; Step S2: Angle and height equal division The rotation angle θ is equally divided into 30 parts to obtain an angle increment Δθ = θ / 30; the rotation height H1 is equally divided into 30 parts to obtain a height increment Δh = H1 / 30; Step S3: Generation of horizontal points With the center O of the circle as the center, the starting point P0 of the side beam is rotated around the center of the circle by an angle of Δθ to sequentially generate 30 horizontal points ; Step S4: Lifting of spatial points Assign a Z-direction coordinate to each horizontal point The Z coordinate of the i-th point is zi = i·Δh, and the value range of i is from 1 to 30 to generate spatial points ; Step S5: Generation of spiral line and lofting of side beam The spatial points The spiral line is connected in sequence, and the cross-section of the side ladder beam is determined based on the spiral line as the path to form a side ladder beam model.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, when the side ladder beam is laid out in step S5, the cross-sectional axis always coincides with the tangent direction of the spiral line.

[0033] The construction method of the present invention is based on parametric modeling and prefabrication assembly technology, and the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Parameter definition Determine the coordinates of the center of the spiral staircase, the starting position of the side beam, the total rotation angle and the rotation height. The rotation height is set to 90% to 98% of the total lifting height of the stairs to ensure that the side beam model can fully undertake the load transfer path of the stair section and the rest platform.

[0034] Step 2: Divide the angle and height equally The total rotation angle is divided into 30 equal parts, and the single rotation angle increment is calculated; the rotation height is simultaneously divided into 30 equal parts to obtain the vertical height increment, providing a reference for the subsequent spatial point coordinate assignment.

[0035] Step 3: Generate horizontal points With the center of the circle as the rotation center, the starting point of the side beam is gradually rotated according to the angle increment to generate 30 horizontal points, each of which is located in the same horizontal plane and evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0036] Step 4: Space point lifting Each horizontal point is assigned a vertical coordinate, and its Z-axis value is generated by the step-by-step accumulation of height increments, eventually forming 30 three-dimensional space points, which constitute the discrete control points of the spiral.

[0037] Step 5: Helix generation and side beam lofting A continuous spiral line is generated by connecting spatial points in sequence, and a box section is lofted along the spiral line path to generate a three-dimensional model of the side ladder beam. During the lofting process, it is ensured that the section axis always coincides with the tangent direction of the spiral line to optimize the torsional performance of the structure.

[0038] Step 6: Component prefabrication and on-site assembly According to the model, the guardrail 6, the step assembly and the rest platform are prefabricated, wherein the horizontal ribs 4 are preset inside the guardrail 6, and part of the step assembly is connected with the step 5 and the base plate 8 by vertical ribs; the guardrail 6 is hoisted and fixed on site along the spiral path, and then the step assembly and the rest platform are installed, and the node connection is completed by high-strength bolts or welding.

[0039] Step 7: Acceptance Calibration The structural calculation adopts the finite element analysis method, verifies the structural strength according to the solid plate and shell unit space modeling, and considers the geometric nonlinearity to verify the structural stability safety factor to meet the requirements of the specification.

[0040] In summary, through the collaborative design of the multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section of the railing 6 and the step assembly, this embodiment achieves the absolute continuity of the spiral shape and the ultimate transparency of the lower space while ensuring structural lightweight and high torsional resistance. Relying on parametric modeling and prefabricated assembly technology, it breaks through multiple limitations of traditional spiral staircases in terms of stability, aesthetic integrity, and construction efficiency.

[0041] Although the embodiments or examples of the present disclosure have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the above methods, systems, and devices are merely exemplary embodiments or examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments or examples, but is only defined by the authorized claims and their equivalent scope. Various elements in the embodiments or examples can be omitted or replaced by their equivalent elements. In addition, the steps can be executed in a sequence different from that described in the present disclosure. Further, the various elements in the embodiments or examples can be combined in various ways. Importantly, with the evolution of technology, many of the elements described herein can be replaced by equivalent elements that emerge after the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A spiral staircase with a landing, characterized in that, Comprising: Baluster: Continuously extending along the outer spiral of the staircase, with multiple stiffening ribs arranged inside to form a multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section, constituting the side staircase beam; Stair slab: Connected to the side staircase beam by high-strength bolts or welding; Landing: Embedded in the spiral, with the same curvature radius as the staircase flight; Wherein, the stair slab transfers the planar load to the side staircase beam and forms an out-of-plane constraint on the side staircase beam.

2. The spiral staircase with a landing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stiffening ribs are horizontal ribs, and the cross-section of the baluster is box-shaped or I-shaped, with multiple horizontal ribs arranged inside to form a multi-chamber special-shaped cross-section.

3. The spiral staircase with a landing according to claim 2, wherein The side staircase beam is made of high-strength steel or carbon fiber composite material, the thickness of the stair slab is 80 - 100 mm, and it is connected to the side staircase beam by high-strength bolts or welding.

4. The spiral staircase with a landing according to claim 3, characterized in that the stair slab is composed of a step combination body, the step combination body includes a tread board and a bottom board, there are multiple step combination bodies, and a step vertical rib is arranged every other step combination body, the step vertical rib is arranged at the corresponding riser position, and perpendicularly connects the tread board and the bottom board to form a planar rigid unit, and the stair slab forms an out-of-plane constraint on the side staircase beam through the step vertical ribs of the step combination body.

5. The spiral staircase with a landing according to claim 4, wherein, A plurality of platform vertical ribs are arranged at intervals inside the landing.

6. The spiral staircase with a landing according to claim 5, characterized in that, A plurality of step vertical ribs and a plurality of platform vertical ribs are equally spaced in the spiral.

7. The spiral staircase with a landing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a railing and a handrail, the handrail is arranged above the baluster, and the handrail is embedded in the railing and integrally connected with the baluster.

8. The spiral staircase with a landing according to claim 1, wherein, The connection between the landing and the staircase flight adopts a gradually changing curvature transition.

9. A helical line modeling method for a spiral staircase with a landing according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step S1: Parameter definition Input the center coordinate O of the circle, the starting coordinate P0 of the side beam, the rotation height H1 and the total rotation angle θ, where H1 < H, and H is the total lifting height of the staircase; Step S2: Angle and height equal division According to the design requirements, divide the rotation angle θ into N equal parts to obtain the angle increment Δθ = θ / N; divide the rotation height H1 into N equal parts to obtain the height increment Δh = H1 / N; Step S3: Generation of horizontal points Taking the center O of the circle as the center, rotate the starting point P0 of the side beam around the center of the circle by an angle of Δθ, and sequentially generate N horizontal points P1 to PN; Step S4: Lifting of spatial points Assign Z-direction coordinates to each of the horizontal points P1 to PN, and the Z coordinate of the i-th point is zi = i · Δh, where the value range of i is from 1 to N, to generate spatial points Q1 to QN; Step S5: Generation of spiral line and lofting of side beam Connect the spatial points Q1 to QN in sequence to generate a spiral line, and taking this spiral line as the path, determine the cross-section form of the lofted side staircase beam to form a side staircase beam model.

10. The helical line modeling method according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the lofting of the side staircase beam in step S5, the section axis always coincides with the tangent direction of the spiral line.

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