Ventilation system and ventilation method for tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction ventilation, and discloses a tunnel construction ventilation system and method.The tunnel construction ventilation system comprises a detachable blocking wall and a movable ventilation device, and the movable ventilation device comprises a movable supporting frame and a draught fan connected to the movable supporting frame; the fan is connected to the end, away from the tunnel face, of the movable supporting frame, an air duct is connected to the fan, and an air duct hole matched with the air duct is formed in the movable supporting frame; a ventilation part is arranged on the movable supporting frame in a position avoiding the air duct hole, and an air blocking part used for sealing the ventilation part is detachably connected to the movable supporting frame. By arranging the movable ventilation device, the ventilation mode can be changed at different construction lengths, so that the ventilation requirement of the extra-long tunnel under the special construction condition is met, and the problem that in the prior art, in extra-long tunnel construction in which only one-way construction can be conducted at a tunnel inlet, an existing ventilation mode cannot meet the ventilation requirement is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel construction ventilation system and a ventilation method. Background Art

[0002] The ventilation methods in tunnel construction mainly include mechanical ventilation, roadway ventilation, and air wall ventilation, etc. Among them, mechanical ventilation is to send fresh air into the tunnel interior through mechanical equipment and discharge the polluted air at the same time; roadway ventilation is applicable to extra-long tunnels with parallel adits. Through the connecting channels between the parallel adits and the main tunnel, a air flow circulation system is formed. The polluted air is extracted from the parallel adit, and the fresh air enters from the main tunnel to form a circulating air flow; air wall ventilation is used when the tunnel is long and there is no parallel adit. At an appropriate position in the tunnel, air ducts are separated by bricks and wooden boards to reduce the length of the air ducts, increase the wind force, and meet the ventilation requirements.

[0003] For the construction of extra-long tunnels in some special geographical locations, due to special construction restrictions, it is impossible to construct in opposite directions (for example, the construction location belongs to a national nature reserve, or a first- or second-class water source protection area, etc.). It can only be constructed unidirectionally from the tunnel entrance end. Moreover, during the construction of extra-long tunnels, inclined shaft construction also needs to be completed. Under the above special construction restrictions, the inclined shaft needs to be excavated in the direction of the tunnel interior, which further increases the ventilation demand during the construction process. Simply using conventional mechanical ventilation or roadway ventilation, etc. cannot meet the ventilation requirements of such special situations. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing ventilation methods and design special ventilation methods according to the actual construction situation to meet the smooth ventilation during the construction of extra-long tunnels under the special construction restrictions that can only be constructed unidirectionally from the tunnel entrance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a tunnel construction ventilation system and a ventilation method to solve the problem that in the construction of extra-long tunnels that can only be constructed unidirectionally from the tunnel entrance in the prior art, the existing ventilation methods cannot meet the ventilation requirements.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A tunnel construction ventilation system includes a detachable blocking wall and a mobile ventilation device. The mobile ventilation device includes a mobile support frame and a fan connected to the mobile support frame. The fan is connected to one end of the mobile support frame away from the tunnel face. A ventilation duct is connected to the fan. There is a ventilation duct hole on the mobile support frame that cooperates with the ventilation duct. A ventilation part is arranged on the mobile support frame to avoid the ventilation duct hole. A wind shielding part for sealing the ventilation part is detachably connected to the mobile support frame.

[0006] The principle and beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: When facing the construction of a super-long tunnel that can only be constructed unidirectionally from the tunnel entrance, ventilation can only be carried out from the tunnel entrance inward. In this application, by setting up a mobile ventilation device, when the tunnel is constructed to different lengths, the mobile ventilation device is moved to a suitable position, and the mobile ventilation device is used to ventilate the tunnel, so as to meet the ventilation requirements under the aforementioned special construction restrictions (that is, only unidirectional construction from the tunnel entrance).

[0007] Specifically, in the initial stage of tunnel construction in this application, when the length of the tunnel construction is less than or equal to a certain length, the single-heading excavation of the left and right lines of the tunnel is carried out, and the two tunnels are separately ventilated by the forced ventilation method. At this time, the mobile ventilation device is moved to the tunnel entrances of the two tunnels, and fresh air is introduced into the working faces of the corresponding tunnels through the fans and air ducts on the mobile ventilation device, and the generated foul air is discharged from the corresponding tunnels outside the tunnel entrances.

[0008] When the length of the tunnel construction reaches a certain length, due to the too long air supply distance, the conventional forced ventilation method cannot meet the ventilation requirements. At this time, the ventilation method is changed to enter the second ventilation stage. One of the tunnels can be used as a fresh air inlet passage, the pedestrian passage or the vehicle passage between the two tunnels can be used as the ventilation and air supply connection passage between the two tunnels, and the other tunnel can be used as the discharge passage for foul air, so as to form a roadway ventilation between the two tunnels. And in the second ventilation stage, the mobile ventilation device in this application is moved to the tunnel of the fresh air inlet passage (hereinafter referred to as the fresh air tunnel). The mobile ventilation device sucks the fresh air outside the fresh air tunnel to the mobile ventilation device, and then the fans arranged in the mobile ventilation device suck the fresh air to the working faces of the two tunnels through the air ducts respectively. And when there is an inclined shaft in the tunnel, due to construction restrictions, it is impossible to excavate directly from the inclined shaft entrance. At this time, it is also necessary to use the fans and air ducts of the mobile ventilation device to transport fresh air to the inclined shaft working face. And at this time, the wind blocking part is connected to the mobile support frame, and the wind blocking part seals the ventilation part, so that the mobile support frame and the wind blocking part form a windbreak wall structure, and the windbreak wall structure is located between the mobile support frame and the fan, so as to avoid the foul air generated by the working face in the fresh air tunnel flowing back to the fan and being sucked back to each working face again, resulting in the adverse situation of repeated use of foul air.

[0009] In the present application, in the second ventilation stage, since the movable support frame and the windshield form a windshield wall structure, a number of pedestrian passages and vehicle passages are arranged between the two tunnels. During the second ventilation stage, only the pedestrian passage and / or vehicle passage on the side of the tunnel face where the mobile ventilation device is arranged is used as the dirty air flow passage, and the remaining pedestrian passages and vehicle passages are provided with the detachable blocking walls in the present application to ensure that the dirty air in the fresh air tunnel can enter the other tunnel (hereinafter referred to as the dirty wind tunnel) in one direction, and the dirty air generated by the construction of the dirty wind tunnel itself and the inclined shaft can also be discharged from the tunnel by the dirty wind tunnel, so as to ensure the cleanliness and stability of the entire ventilation process. In addition, in the second ventilation stage, as the length of the tunnel construction continues to increase, the mobile ventilation device can be moved forward along the fresh air tunnel to ensure the uniformity, effectiveness and stability of ventilation during the entire tunnel construction process.

[0010] To summarize, by adopting the tunnel construction ventilation system in the present application, when facing the construction of a special long tunnel that can only be constructed in one direction from the tunnel entrance due to special construction restrictions, the tunnel ventilation is divided into two ventilation stages. In the first ventilation stage, a push-in ventilation method is adopted, and the two tunnels are ventilated separately, effectively ensuring the ventilation needs of the first ventilation stage; when the tunnel construction length is long and the ventilation method of the first ventilation stage cannot meet the ventilation needs, the mobile ventilation device in the present application is moved, and the wind shield is connected to the mobile support frame. With the setting of the detachable blocking wall, it is convenient to enter the second ventilation stage, and one of the tunnels is used as a fresh air tunnel, and the other tunnel is used as a dirty air tunnel for dirty air. The change of ventilation method is very convenient and efficient, and effectively meets the ventilation needs of various construction positions in the second ventilation stage.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, a sealing plate is fixedly connected to the movable support frame, the ventilation portion includes a plurality of ventilation holes arranged on the sealing plate, and the wind shield portion includes wind shields whose number is equal to and corresponds to the number of the ventilation holes.

[0012] In this solution, a sealing plate is fixedly connected to the mobile support frame, so that the mobile support frame has good sealing performance in the second ventilation stage, ensuring the cleanliness of the air supply in the fresh air tunnel; in addition, a plurality of ventilation holes are arranged on the sealing plate, and in the first ventilation stage, after the wind shield plate is removed, the plurality of ventilation holes can allow fresh air to pass through, ensuring the smooth progress of the forced ventilation in the first ventilation stage. Therefore, when the mobile support frame is set at the tunnel entrance in the first ventilation stage, the impact on the airflow is reduced.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the top of the wind shield is rotatably connected to an end of the sealing plate facing away from the tunnel face.

[0014] In this solution, the top of the wind baffle is rotatably connected to one end of the support frame away from the tunnel face. When the wind baffle is not affected by external forces, under the action of its own gravity, the wind baffle rotates to a state where it fits against the sealing plate. At this time, the wind baffle blocks and seals the ventilation holes, and the mobile support frame, the sealing plate, and the wind baffle form the structure of a windbreak wall, preventing the dirty air in the fresh air tunnel from flowing back to the fan position and being recycled and sucked, ensuring the cleanliness of the ventilation air.

[0015] At the same time, in the second ventilation stage, when the shock wave generated by the blasting of the tunnel face in the fresh air tunnel is transmitted to the wind baffle, under the impact of the shock wave, the wind baffle is automatically rotated relative to the sealing plate by the impact force to open the ventilation hole, so that the shock wave automatically passes through the entire mobile ventilation device through the ventilation hole. After the ventilation hole is opened, it plays a role in relieving pressure, effectively reducing the impact damage of the blasting shock wave on the mobile ventilation device, and improving the stability and safety of the use of the mobile ventilation device.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the wind baffle is a stainless steel baffle, and the thickness of the stainless steel baffle is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

[0017] In this solution, the wind baffle is a stainless steel baffle made of stainless steel material, which can be stably used in the tunnel for a long time. And the thickness of the stainless steel baffle is set to be greater than or equal to 5 mm to ensure that the strength of the stainless steel baffle is sufficient, it can effectively withstand the shock wave generated by the face blasting, has a long service life, and can work stably for a long time.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, a walking wheel is rotatably connected to the bottom of the mobile support frame, and a walking passage is provided on the mobile support frame. One end of the mobile support frame where the wind blocking part is provided is connected with a switch door that cooperates with the walking passage.

[0019] In this solution, by rotatably connecting the walking wheel to the bottom of the mobile support frame, it is convenient to tow and move the entire mobile ventilation device along the tunnel, so that the conversion can be quickly completed when the ventilation mode needs to be changed, saving time. In addition, a walking passage is provided on the mobile support frame to facilitate the passage of personnel and construction vehicles, etc. And the switch door is arranged at one end of the mobile support frame where the wind blocking part is provided. When there is no passage of personnel or construction vehicles, the switch door is closed, and the switch door, the sealing plate, and the wind blocking part can play a good sealing role for the tunnel, ensuring the ventilation effect in the second stage.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, a flexible seal is fixedly connected to the outside of the mobile support frame and is matched with the secondary lining.

[0021] In this solution, the flexible seal provided makes the sealing effect of the entire mobile ventilation device better when used as a windbreak wall for the corresponding position of the tunnel, reducing the situation that the dirty air flows back and affects the ventilation effect in the second ventilation stage.

[0022] A tunnel construction ventilation method, using the tunnel construction ventilation system, wherein the ventilation method is as follows: ventilation of the tunnel from the beginning of construction to the construction to a first construction length is a first ventilation stage, and ventilation after the first construction length is completed is a second ventilation stage; In the first ventilation stage, the two tunnels adopt the forced ventilation method separately. The mobile ventilation devices are moved to the tunnel entrances of the two tunnels. The fans and air ducts connected in the mobile ventilation devices are used to introduce fresh air to the working faces of the corresponding tunnels. The polluted air generated is discharged from the corresponding tunnels to the outside of the tunnel entrances. In the second ventilation stage, one of the tunnels is used as a fresh air tunnel for inputting fresh air, and the other tunnel is used as a turbid air tunnel for discharging dirty air. The mobile ventilation device is moved to the end position of the first construction length in the fresh air tunnel, a wind shield is connected to the mobile support frame, and a detachable blocking wall is used to seal all pedestrian and vehicle passages on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the fresh air tunnel face. The fan on the mobile ventilation device draws air on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the fresh air tunnel face as fresh air, and the wind duct on the mobile ventilation device transports the fresh air to the fresh air tunnel face, the turbid air tunnel face and the inclined shaft face. The dirty air generated by the construction converges into the turbid air tunnel and is discharged out of the tunnel through the turbid air tunnel.

[0023] Preferably, as an improvement, the first construction length is less than or equal to 3.5 km.

[0024] In this scheme, the first construction length is set to be less than or equal to 3.5 km. When the construction length exceeds 3.5 km, the conventional pressure-type ventilation method cannot meet the ventilation needs of tunnel construction. Therefore, when the tunnel construction length is greater than 3.5 km, the ventilation method needs to be changed to ensure normal and safe construction.

[0025] Preferably, as an improvement, in the second ventilation stage, a plurality of auxiliary air intake fans are arranged in the tunnel on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the fresh air tunnel face, and a plurality of auxiliary exhaust fans are arranged in the turbid air tunnel and the inclined shaft passage.

[0026] In this scheme, during the second ventilation stage, several auxiliary air intake fans are installed in the tunnel on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the fresh air tunnel face to enhance the ability of the fresh air tunnel to draw fresh air and effectively ensure the supply of fresh air. In addition, auxiliary exhaust fans are installed in the turbid air tunnel and the inclined shaft channel to discharge the turbid air generated by the construction out of the tunnel more quickly and efficiently, effectively ensuring the ventilation quality.

[0027] Preferably, as an improvement, in the second ventilation stage, a standby fan is arranged at the position of the tunnel entrance corresponding to the fresh air tunnel, and the standby fan is connected to the air duct in the tunnel corresponding to the fresh air tunnel in the first ventilation stage.

[0028] In this solution, a standby fan is set. When there is insufficient air supply or an abnormality, the standby fan can quickly press the fresh air outside the fresh air tunnel into the position of the mobile ventilation device, ensuring sufficient fresh air supply and reducing the safety risk in case of an abnormality; in addition, the standby fan is connected to the air duct in the tunnel corresponding to the fresh air tunnel in the first ventilation stage. That is, after the first ventilation stage ends, it is not necessary to remove the air duct already set in the fresh air tunnel, but use it as the fresh air transmission channel of the standby fan, which can effectively reduce the air duct setting cost and installation time, and improve the construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the detachable sealing wall in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a front view of the mobile support frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a side view of the mobile support frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a front view of the mobile support frame in Embodiment 1 of the present invention after connecting the sealing plate.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a partial schematic diagram of connecting the stainless steel baffle on the sealing plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the connection between the sealing plate and the stainless steel baffle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the first ventilation stage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the second ventilation stage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 9 It is a front view of the mobile support frame in Embodiment 2 of the present invention after connecting the sealing plate.

[0038] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the second ventilation stage in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the second ventilation stage in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0040] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments: The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the specification include: detachable plugging wall 1, mobile support frame 2, bottom support beam 201, vertical support beam 202, layered support beam 203, fan 3, air duct 4, sealing plate 5, air duct hole 501, ventilation hole 502, walking wheel 6, support seat 7, first strengthening beam 8, second strengthening beam 9, stainless steel baffle 10, walking passage 11, switch door 12, flexible blocking member 13, auxiliary intake fan 14, auxiliary exhaust fan 15, standby fan 16, fresh air tunnel 1001, turbid air tunnel 1002, inclined shaft passage 1003.

[0041] Embodiment 1 This embodiment is as shown in the attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 : A tunnel construction ventilation system includes a detachable plugging wall 1 and a mobile ventilation device. Figure 1 The detachable plugging wall 1 on the left in the figure is for the pedestrian passage, and the one on the right is for the vehicle passage. The detachable plugging wall 1 is formed by connecting steel pipe frames and plywood. Combining Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the mobile ventilation device includes a mobile support frame 2 and a fan 3 connected to the mobile support frame 2. The mobile support frame 2 is arranged along the tunnel length direction. The fan 3 is connected to one end of the mobile support frame 2 far from the tunnel face. An air duct 4 for transmitting air is connected to the fan 3. An air duct hole 501 matching the air duct 4 is provided on the mobile support frame 2, and the length of the mobile support frame 2 along the tunnel length direction is greater than or equal to 6 m, so that the mobile support frame 2 has enough length to install the fan 3 and set the air duct hole 501. To facilitate the formation of the air duct hole 501, in this embodiment, a sealing plate 5 is fixedly connected to the mobile support frame 2 by screws or welding. The number of the sealing plates 5 is multiple, and the multiple sealing plates 5 are connected together to form a panel shape. Circular holes are opened in the sealing plate 5, and the holes form the air duct hole 501 for supporting the air duct 4.

[0042] Specifically, combining Figure 2 and Figure 3 , as an implementation manner, the mobile support frame 2 in this embodiment includes a bottom support beam 201, a vertical support beam 202, and a layered support beam 203. The number of the bottom support beams 201 is two, and the two bottom support beams 201 are arranged in parallel along the tunnel length direction. The number of the vertical support beams 202 is at least four ( Figure 3The case where there are six vertical support beams 202 is shown (in which all the vertical support beams 202 are vertically divided into two groups, and the two groups of vertical support beams 202 are respectively welded to the tops of the two bottom support beams 201); the number of the layered support beams 203 is multiple and the multiple layered support beams 203 are divided into at least two groups of support beam groups. In this embodiment, the number of the support beam groups is four. Among them, two groups of support beam groups are located above the outsides of the two bottom support beams 201, and the space of the air duct hole 501 of the 1.8 m air duct 4 is formed by enclosing these two groups of support beam groups and the vertical support beams 202. One group of support beam groups is located above the middle positions of the two bottom support beams 201, and the remaining group of support beam groups is located at the tops of the vertical support beams 202. The space of the air duct hole 501 of the 1.5 m air duct 4 is formed by enclosing the aforementioned two groups of support beam groups and the vertical support beams 202. Of course, in other embodiments other than this embodiment, the number of the support beam groups is specifically set according to the number and size models of the air ducts 4 during the tunnel construction process. And in order to improve the construction safety, support steel meshes are welded on the tops of each group of support beam groups so that workers can stand on the support steel meshes to install and fix the fans 3, air ducts 4, etc., which will not be elaborated here. In addition, in this embodiment, walking wheels 6 are rotatably connected to the bottoms of the bottom support beams 201, and through the walking wheels 6, the whole mobile ventilation device can be pushed along the tunnel more conveniently and labor-savingly, with lower transfer cost and higher efficiency As Figure 2 shown, in this embodiment, in order to facilitate the installation of the length part of the air duct 4 on the mobile support frame 2, a support seat 7 can be welded on the top of the layered support beam 203. The support seat 7 is an open structure with an arc-shaped support groove opened at the upper end, which can conveniently and stably support and fix the air duct 4. At the same time, in order to improve the structural strength of the whole mobile support frame 2, combined with Figure 3 this, in this embodiment, an inclined first strengthening beam 8 is welded between the layered support beam 203 and the vertical support beam 202, and an inclined second strengthening beam 9 is welded between the bottom support beam 201 and the vertical support beam 202.

[0043] At the same time, in this embodiment, a ventilation part is arranged at the air duct hole 501 for avoiding position on the mobile support frame 2, and a wind shielding part for shielding the ventilation part is detachably connected to the mobile support frame 2. Specifically, combined with Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6, the ventilation part is the ventilation hole 502 provided for the wind tunnel hole 501 on the sealing plate 5. The air on one side of the mobile support frame 2 can flow along the tunnel to the other side of the mobile support frame 2 through the ventilation hole 502. The wind blocking part in this embodiment includes one-way ventilation parts with the same number as and corresponding to the ventilation holes 502 one by one. For the convenience of processing and installation, etc., the one-way ventilation part is a stainless steel baffle 10. The ventilation hole 502 is a square hole structure. The cross-sectional area of the stainless steel baffle 10 is larger than the ventilation area of the corresponding ventilation hole 502. The top of the stainless steel baffle 10 is rotatably connected to the sealing plate 5 through a pin shaft or a hinge, and the stainless steel baffle 10 is rotatably connected to one end of the mobile support frame 2 away from the heading face in the prior art. To ensure that the stainless steel baffle 10 has sufficient strength, the thickness of the stainless steel baffle 10 is greater than or equal to 5 mm, and preferably 1 cm in this embodiment. When the stainless steel baffle 10 is not affected by an external force, under the action of its own gravity, the stainless steel baffle 10 rotates to fit with the sealing plate 5. At this time, the stainless steel baffle 10 seals the corresponding ventilation hole 502, so that the entire mobile ventilation device can be used as a windbreak wall. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the rotatably arranged stainless steel baffle 10 is used as the wind blocking part, and its purpose is to reduce the impact on the entire mobile ventilation device during the blasting of the heading face. In other embodiments other than this embodiment, a baffle structure can also be detachably connected to the sealing plate 5 by screws, and it can be disassembled when the baffle structure is not used, or the sealing plate 5 can be directly set as a plate-shaped structure with only the wind tunnel hole 501, which can also meet the ventilation requirements in this solution.

[0044] Combined with Figure 2 and Figure 4 , a walking passage 11 along the tunnel length direction is provided between the two groups of vertical support beams 202, and a switch door 12 matching the walking passage 11 is connected to one end of the mobile support frame 2 where the wind blocking part is provided. The switch door 12 can be an electric rolling shutter door. When the walking passage 11 needs to be used, only the electric rolling shutter door needs to be rolled up upward. In other states, the electric rolling shutter door can be lowered to close the walking passage 11, so that the sealing and wind blocking effect of the entire wind blocking device is better; of course, to ensure the structural strength of the switch door 12 and avoid damage to the switch door 12 caused by the shock wave of the heading face blasting, the switch door 12 can also be set in the form of a swing door, and a reinforcing rib structure can be provided on the back of the swing door, which will not be elaborated here.

[0045] A tunnel construction ventilation method, during the tunnel construction ventilation process, a tunnel construction ventilation system is used for ventilation, and the ventilation method is as follows: the ventilation of the tunnel from the beginning of construction to the construction to the first construction length is the first ventilation stage, and the ventilation after the first construction length is the second ventilation stage, wherein the first construction length value is less than or equal to 3.5km, and this embodiment is illustrated by taking the first construction length of 2.5km as an example. Of course, in other embodiments other than this embodiment, the first construction length value can be 2.0km, 3.0km, 3.2km and other lengths. The determination of this length value needs to be specifically determined according to the ventilation conditions and the ventilation performance of the fan. In this embodiment, the performance of a conventional fan is determined to be 3.5km, which needs to be specially explained here.

[0046] like Figure 7 As shown, in the first ventilation stage, during the construction of the left and right tunnels, the push-in ventilation method is used separately, and the mobile ventilation device is moved outside the tunnel entrance of the two tunnels, and the distance between the mobile ventilation device and the outside of the tunnel entrance is greater than 30m. The fan 3 connected in the mobile ventilation device sucks the outside air and presses the air into the wind tube 4, and the wind tube 4 is used to pass the sucked fresh air to the two tunnel faces respectively, so that the faces of the respective tunnels can obtain fresh air, and the length of the tunnel construction is continuously increased, and the length of the wind tube 4 is continuously extended to ensure that the distance between the front end of the wind tube 4 and the face is always less than or equal to 10m, and the dirty air generated by each tunnel is discharged from the corresponding tunnel to the outside of the tunnel entrance. In the first ventilation stage, the number of fans 3 connected to each mobile ventilation device can be two to ensure the ventilation requirements of the first ventilation stage; at the same time, an auxiliary fan for assisting in the discharge of dirty air can be installed in the corresponding tunnel, which will not be repeated here.

[0047] like Figure 8 As shown, in the second ventilation stage, one of the tunnels is used as a fresh air tunnel 1001 for inputting fresh air, and the other tunnel is used as a dirty air tunnel 1002 for discharging dirty air. The mobile ventilation device is moved to the end position of the first construction length in the fresh air tunnel 1001 (i.e., the tunnel length is 2.5 km), and the stainless steel baffle 10 is rotatably installed on the sealing plate 5. In a normal state, the stainless steel baffle 10 rotates to fit with the sealing plate 5 under the action of its own gravity, and the ventilation hole 502 is in a sealed state; then, the detachable blocking wall 1 is used to seal all pedestrian passages and vehicle passages on the side of the face of the fresh air tunnel 1001 away from the mobile ventilation device, so that the gas flow direction within the length range of the fresh air tunnel 1001 that has been completed is single and serves as a fresh air suction channel.

[0048] As the subsequent construction progresses, the fan 3 on the mobile ventilation device is turned on to suck the air on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the face of the fresh air tunnel 1001 as fresh air, and the air duct 4 on the mobile ventilation device conveys the fresh air to the face of the fresh air tunnel 1001, the face of the turbid air tunnel 1002, and the face of the inclined shaft. At this time, to ensure separate air supply, the number of fans 3 provided on each mobile ventilation device is at least four, with one corresponding to the face of the fresh air tunnel 1001, one corresponding to the face of the turbid air tunnel 1002, and one corresponding to each of the two inclined shaft faces. During the construction process, the polluted air generated at the face of the fresh air tunnel 1001 and in the passage after the first construction length enters the turbid air tunnel 1002 through the pedestrian passage or vehicle passage between the two tunnels. The polluted air generated at the two inclined shaft faces and in the inclined shaft passage 1003 flows through the inclined shaft passage 1003 to the turbid air tunnel 1002. The polluted air generated at the face of the turbid air tunnel 1002 and within the turbid air tunnel 1002 itself, together with the polluted air generated in the fresh air tunnel 1001 and the inclined shaft tunnel, is then uniformly squeezed out of the tunnel through the turbid air tunnel 1002.

[0049] The mobile ventilation device in this embodiment is used for ventilation during the construction of extra-long tunnels, and during the construction of extra-long tunnels, due to construction condition limitations, construction can only be carried out unidirectionally from the tunnel entrance. Specifically, during the construction of an extra-long tunnel under special conditions, to ensure ventilation quality, the entire tunnel construction stage is divided into a first ventilation stage and a second ventilation stage. When the tunnel construction length is less than 3.5 km, the first ventilation stage is used for air supply, specifically using the forced ventilation method. When the tunnel construction length is greater than 3.5 km, it enters the second ventilation stage. The mobile ventilation device in this embodiment is set at the end position of the first construction length in the fresh air tunnel 1001. The end position of the first construction length in the fresh air tunnel 1001 is used as the demarcation position. The passage on the side of the mobile ventilation device close to the tunnel entrance of the fresh air tunnel 1001 is the air suction passage. Then, the fresh air is sucked into each construction passage through the mobile ventilation device, and finally, the turbid air tunnel 1002 is used as the discharge passage for the polluted air, effectively ensuring ventilation during the construction of the extra-long tunnel.

[0050] In this embodiment, when the mobile ventilation device is specifically applied to tunnel construction ventilation, in the first ventilation stage, the stainless steel baffle 10 may not be installed on the sealing plate 5. At this time, the mobile support frame 2 only serves as the installation and fixing structure for the fan 3 and the air duct 4. In this stage, the fan 3 directly conveys the fresh air outside the tunnel to the heading face position of the corresponding tunnel through the air duct 4, and the dirty air automatically flows out along each tunnel; when the tunnel construction reaches a length of 3.5 km, the forced ventilation method in the first ventilation stage cannot meet the ventilation requirements. At this time, it enters the second ventilation stage. The second ventilation stage adopts the roadway ventilation method. The mobile ventilation device is moved along the fresh air tunnel 1001 to the end position of the first construction length, and the stainless steel baffle 10 is rotatably installed on the sealing plate 5. In the normal state, the stainless steel baffle 10 rotates under its own gravity to fit with the layered support beam 203 to seal the ventilation hole 502. At this time, the fan 3 and the air duct 4 installed on the mobile support frame 2 can convey the fresh air at the end of the mobile support frame 2 close to the tunnel entrance to the heading face positions of subsequent construction, and the stainless steel baffle 10 can block the dirty air located between the wind blocking device and the heading face, avoiding the dirty air generated during the subsequent construction in the second ventilation stage of the fresh air tunnel 1001 from passing through the ventilation hole 502 and entering the fan 3 position and being re-sucked to each heading face position, effectively ensuring the cleanliness of ventilation.

[0051] In addition, when the heading face of the fresh air tunnel 1001 explodes, the shock wave generated by the explosion is transmitted to the stainless steel baffle 10. Since the stainless steel baffle 10 is rotatably connected to the sealing plate 5, the stainless steel baffle 10 can automatically rotate relative to the sealing plate 5 to open the ventilation hole 502 when it is subjected to the impact force of the shock wave. At this time, the stainless steel baffle 10 can relieve pressure after rotation, reducing the impact damage brought by the explosion impact force to the entire mobile ventilation device, thereby improving the stability of the entire wind blocking device.

[0052] Embodiment 2 The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that: as Figure 9 shown, in this embodiment, a flexible blocking member 13 cooperating with the secondary lining is fixedly connected to the mobile support frame 2. The flexible blocking member 13 can be made of flexible materials such as rubber. The flexible blocking member 13 is located between the mobile support frame 2 and the secondary lining, and the space between the secondary lining and the mobile support frame 2 is stably sealed by using the flexible blocking member 13. Combining with the wind blocking effect of the stainless steel baffle 10, the wind blocking effect of the entire wind blocking device is good, effectively ensuring the quality of ventilation.

[0053] Embodiment 3 The difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 1 is that: in this embodiment, as Figure 10As shown in the figure, during the second ventilation stage, a number of auxiliary intake fans 14 are arranged in the tunnel on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the face of the fresh air tunnel 1001, and a number of auxiliary exhaust fans 15 are arranged in the turbid air tunnel 1002 and the inclined shaft passage 1003. The auxiliary intake fans 14 are used to improve the fresh air supply efficiency in the section from the entrance of the fresh air tunnel 1001 to the mobile ventilation device, so that the mobile ventilation device can obtain fresh air more efficiently, and thus supply fresh air to each face more efficiently. The setting of the auxiliary exhaust fans 15 can discharge the generated dirty air from the tunnel more efficiently, effectively ensuring the ventilation quality. At the same time, when the construction length of the tunnel increases to a certain length, due to the setting of the auxiliary intake fans 14 and the auxiliary exhaust fans 15, the air supply and exhaust efficiency in the second ventilation stage is improved. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring that each tunnel is fully supplied with fresh air in the second ventilation stage, the entire mobile ventilation device can be moved forward along the tunnel, that is, the length of the first construction section is extended, so that it can be further increased to meet the ventilation requirements of longer tunnel construction.

[0054] Embodiment 4 The difference between Embodiment 4 and Embodiment 3 is that: as Figure 11 shown in the figure, in the second ventilation stage of this embodiment, a standby fan 16 is arranged at the entrance position of the tunnel corresponding to the fresh air tunnel 1001. The standby fan 16 is connected to the air duct 4 in the tunnel corresponding to the fresh air tunnel 1001 in the first ventilation stage. In the case of abnormal fresh air supply, the standby fan 16 is used to transport fresh air to the position of the mobile ventilation device to ensure the amount of fresh air supplied by the mobile ventilation device to each face, further improving the safety during the construction process. Moreover, in this embodiment, the air duct 4 already arranged in the fresh air tunnel 1001 in the first ventilation stage is directly used, and there is no need to separately arrange the air duct 4. Under the condition of ensuring the function of emergency ventilation, the cost investment can be effectively reduced and the construction period can be saved.

[0055] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention. Specific technical solutions and / or common knowledge such as characteristics well known in the art are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application should be subject to the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners described in the specification can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction ventilation system, characterized in that: It includes a detachable plugging wall and a mobile ventilation device. The mobile ventilation device includes a mobile support frame and a fan connected to the mobile support frame. The fan is connected to one end of the mobile support frame away from the tunnel face. A ventilation duct is connected to the fan, and a ventilation duct hole matching the ventilation duct is provided on the mobile support frame. A ventilation part is arranged on the mobile support frame to avoid the ventilation duct hole, and a wind shielding part for sealing the ventilation part is detachably connected to the mobile support frame.

2. The tunnel construction ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein: A sealing plate is fixedly connected to the mobile support frame. The ventilation part includes a plurality of ventilation holes arranged on the sealing plate, and the wind shielding part includes wind shielding plates with the same number as and corresponding to the ventilation holes one by one.

3. A tunnel construction ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the wind shielding plate is rotatably connected to one end of the mobile support frame away from the tunnel face.

4. The tunnel construction ventilation system according to claim 2, wherein: The wind shielding plate is a stainless steel sheet, and the thickness of the stainless steel sheet is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

5. A tunnel construction ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Walking wheels are rotatably connected to the bottom of the mobile support frame, and a walking passage is provided on the mobile support frame. A switch door matching the walking passage is connected to one end of the mobile support frame where the wind shielding part is arranged.

6. The tunnel construction ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein: A flexible sealing member matching the secondary lining is fixedly connected to the outside of the mobile support frame.

7. A ventilation method for tunnel construction, characterized in that: Using a tunnel construction ventilation system according to any one of claims 1-6, its ventilation method is as follows. The ventilation of the tunnel from the start of construction to the first construction length is the first ventilation stage, and the ventilation after the end of the first construction length is the second ventilation stage. In the first ventilation stage, the two tunnels are separately ventilated by the forced ventilation method. The mobile ventilation device is moved to the tunnel openings of the two tunnels, and fresh air is respectively introduced into the tunnel faces of the corresponding tunnels through the fans and ventilation ducts connected inside the mobile ventilation device, and the generated foul air is discharged outside the tunnel openings through the corresponding tunnels. In the second ventilation stage, one of the tunnels is used as a fresh air input fresh air tunnel, and the other tunnel is used as a foul air discharge foul air tunnel. The mobile ventilation device is moved to the end position of the first construction length in the fresh air tunnel. The wind shielding part is connected to the mobile support frame, and all the pedestrian passages and vehicle passages on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the fresh air tunnel face are sealed by using the detachable plugging wall. The fan on the mobile ventilation device sucks the air on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the fresh air tunnel face as fresh air, and the ventilation duct on the mobile ventilation device conveys the fresh air to the tunnel faces of the fresh air tunnel, the foul air tunnel, and the inclined shaft. The foul air generated by the construction converges to the foul air tunnel and is discharged outside the tunnel through the foul air tunnel.

8. A tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first construction length is less than or equal to 3.5 km.

9. A tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the second ventilation stage, a number of auxiliary intake fans are arranged in the tunnel on the side of the mobile ventilation device away from the fresh air tunnel face, and a number of auxiliary exhaust fans are arranged in the foul air tunnel and the inclined shaft passage.

10. A tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the second ventilation stage, a standby fan is arranged at the tunnel opening position corresponding to the fresh air tunnel, and the standby fan is connected to the ventilation duct in the corresponding tunnel of the fresh air tunnel in the first ventilation stage.

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