Ammonia burner with cavity stable combustion in cooperation with plasma ignition and combustion supporting

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma ignition and combustion-supporting cooperated cavity stable combustion ammonia burner which comprises a three-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device and a three-stage fuel and air supply system, and the three-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device comprises a first-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device, a second-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device and a third-stage fuel and air supply system. The second-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device, the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device and the three-stage fuel and air supply system are respectively a first-stage fuel and air supply system, a second-stage fuel and air supply system and a third-stage fuel and air supply system. The problems of low flame propagation speed, high ignition energy and the like existing in ammonia fuel combustion at present are solved, stable combustion of pure ammonia can be realized under the condition that hydrogen or other fossil fuels are not doped into ammonia gas by adopting a multi-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device, assisting ammonia combustion and combining a bluff body combustion stabilizer, and a three-stage combustion stabilizing technology is adopted, so that stable combustion of pure ammonia is realized. And the stable combustion range of ammonia gas can be greatly expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of burners, and more specifically, to an ammonia burner with plasma ignition and combustion-supporting synergistic cavity-stabilized combustion. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as pollution-free and high calorific value. However, it faces problems such as high storage and transportation costs and low safety. As an excellent hydrogen storage carrier, ammonia has the following advantages: (1) Ammonia is very easy to liquefy, and the storage and transportation costs are relatively low; (2) Ammonia has a relatively high octane number and a slow flame propagation speed, and the storage and transportation processes are relatively safe; (3) Ammonia has a pungent smell and is easy to be detected after leakage; (4) Ammonia emits strong radiation light during combustion and is very easy to be detected and monitored. Therefore, the ammonia-coal co-firing technology will be a very promising carbon reduction technology route for thermal power plants.

[0003] Ammonia fuel has not been industrially applied mainly because problems such as low flame propagation speed, high ignition energy, and excessive NOx emissions have not been solved. The measures to enhance ammonia combustion mainly include oxy-fuel combustion, ammonia blended with fossil fuels combustion, ammonia blended with hydrogen combustion, and plasma-assisted combustion. Among them, the cost of oxy-fuel combustion is relatively high, and the ammonia blended with fossil fuel technology cannot completely solve the carbon emission problem. Although ammonia blended with hydrogen is an effective solution, the hydrogen fuel for blending is mainly obtained by catalytic cracking, and the catalyst faces problems such as a large fixed device, high heating power consumption, and easy deactivation. Plasma, because it is rich in high-energy electrons and active particles, has begun to be applied by relevant researchers to the auxiliary combustion of ammonia fuel. However, the current research in this area has just started, mainly focusing on the kinetic effects of plasma, while the thermal effects and fuel cracking effects are less studied. In addition, how to control the NOx generation of ammonia combustion in a plasma environment remains to be studied. In addition, due to the limited power of the current non-equilibrium plasma technology and the limited life of high-power plasma torches, it cannot meet the ignition and combustion-supporting requirements of large-flow (>1000 kg / h) and high-flow velocity (>40 m / s) of industrial high-power ammonia burners (megawatts and more than a dozen megawatts).

[0004] In response to the above problems, relevant scholars at home and abroad have conducted in-depth research and formed a series of ammonia combustion enhancement measures, such as oxy-fuel combustion technology, ammonia blended with fossil fuels combustion technology, ammonia blended with hydrogen combustion technology, and plasma-assisted combustion technology. These technologies can only partially solve the problems. Among them, for the problems of difficult ignition and combustion of ammonia fuel at high flow velocities, the present invention proposes a technology combining plasma-enhanced ammonia combustion technology and bluff-body stabilized combustion, which can not only solve the problems such as easy flame extinction, inability to completely solve carbon emissions, and fuel economy existing in the ammonia blended with fossil fuel combustion technology and oxy-fuel combustion technology, but also effectively solve the deficiencies of the ammonia blended with hydrogen combustion technology (such as a relatively large volume of the fixed device, easy deactivation, and inability to instantaneously adjust the hydrogen concentration, etc.). Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an ammonia burner and an operating method with plasma ignition and combustion support coordinated with concave cavity combustion stabilization. The plasma-assisted ammonia combustion is combined with a two-stage blunt body combustion stabilization to solve the current problems of low flame propagation speed and high ignition energy in ammonia fuel combustion. Multi-stage plasma ignition and combustion support are used to assist ammonia combustion and combined with a blunt body combustion stabilizer. The stable combustion of pure ammonia can be achieved without the need to mix hydrogen or other fossil fuels into the ammonia. The three-stage combustion stabilization technology can greatly increase the stable combustion range of ammonia to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ammonia burner with plasma ignition and combustion support coordinated with concave cavity for stable combustion, comprising a three-stage plasma ignition and combustion support and a three-stage fuel and air supply system, wherein the three-stage plasma ignition and combustion support are respectively a first-stage plasma ignition and combustion support, a second-stage plasma ignition and combustion support and a third-stage plasma ignition and combustion support, and the three-stage fuel and air supply systems are respectively a first-stage fuel and air supply system, a second-stage fuel and air supply system and a third-stage fuel and air supply system; wherein the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion support is composed of a first-stage blunt body stabilizer, a first-stage discharge gas and a first-stage plasma; the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion support is composed of a second-stage blunt body stabilizer, a second-stage ceramic fixing ring, a second-stage air inlet and a second-stage plasma; the third-stage plasma ignition The combustion aid is composed of a third-level high-voltage electrode, a third-level ground electrode, a third-level ceramic cyclone ring, a third-level air inlet and a third-level plasma; wherein, the first-level plasma ignition and combustion aid, the second-level plasma ignition and combustion aid and the first-level fuel and air supply system constitute a first-level ammonia burner; the third-level plasma ignition and combustion aid, the second-level blunt body flame stabilizer in the second-level plasma ignition and combustion aid and the second-level fuel and air supply system constitute a second-level ammonia burner; the third-level fuel and air supply system constitutes a third-level ammonia burner; the first-level ammonia burner is placed inside the second-level ammonia burner, the second-level ammonia burner is placed inside the third-level ammonia burner, and the first-level ammonia burner, the second-level ammonia burner and the third-level ammonia burner are coaxially arranged, and along the axial direction from the outlet inward, they are the third-level ammonia burner, the second-level ammonia burner and the first-level ammonia burner in sequence.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the first-stage bluff body stabilizer is composed of a first-stage high-voltage electrode, a first-stage low-voltage electrode and a first-stage ceramic cyclone ring.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the second-stage bluff body stabilizer is composed of a second-stage high-voltage electrode, a second-stage ground electrode and a second-stage discharge ceramic cyclone ring.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the material of the first-stage high-voltage electrode is rod-shaped metal, and there is an arc-shaped protrusion at the head of the rod-shaped metal.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the first-stage ground electrode uses a metal circular tube. The first-stage ceramic swirl ring passes gas to form swirling gas, and generates plasma between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the first-stage fuel and air supply system, the second-stage fuel and air supply system, and the third-stage fuel and air supply system in the three-stage fuel and air supply system all include inner swirling gas and outer swirling gas.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor adopts a coaxial sliding arc discharge structure. The first-stage high-voltage electrode and the first-stage low-voltage electrode are coaxially fixed through the first-stage ceramic swirl ring.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, both the first-stage bluff body flame stabilizer and the second-stage bluff body flame stabilizer adopt a hollow horn shape. The upper halves of the first-stage bluff body flame stabilizer and the second-stage bluff body flame stabilizer respectively constitute the first-stage high-voltage electrode and the second-stage high-voltage electrode of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor and the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor. The lower halves of the first-stage bluff body flame stabilizer and the second-stage bluff body flame stabilizer respectively constitute the first-stage low-voltage electrode and the second-stage ground electrode of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor and the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor. The first-stage high-voltage electrode is separated from the first-stage low-voltage electrode, and the second-stage high-voltage electrode is separated from the second-stage ground electrode through the first-stage ceramic swirl ring and the second-stage discharge ceramic swirl ring respectively.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the discharge gas of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor comes from the discharge gas of the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor. The discharge gas of the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor comes from the combustion exhaust gas of the first-stage burner and the gas provided by the fuel supply system of the second-stage burner. The three-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor adopts a single-arc plasma generator or a multi-arc plasma generator, and the arc type is a sliding arc plasma or a DC arc plasma.

[0015] An operation method of an ammonia burner with plasma ignition, combustion assistance and cavity flame stabilization includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: According to the working mode of the multi-stage ammonia burner, turn on the first-stage ceramic swirl ring and the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirl ring, and introduce corresponding gases into the first-stage ceramic swirl ring and the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirl ring through the three-stage fuel and air supply system, so that the first-stage ammonia burner generates the second-stage fuel / air intake and makes the gas in it reach the rated flow rate;

[0017] S2: Turn on the power supply of the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor 1 to generate the first-stage plasma and ignite the gas fed into the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirl ring;

[0018] S3: Turn on the second-stage fuel / air intake of the first-stage ammonia burner, and then turn on the power supply of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor to generate the second-stage plasma in the recirculation zone of the first-stage bluff body flame stabilizer;

[0019] S4: Turn on the second-stage fuel / air inlet of the second-stage ammonia burner to make it reach the rated flow rate, turn on the power supply of the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistor to generate the third-stage plasma;

[0020] S5: After the second-stage ammonia burner works stably, turn on the third-stage ammonia inlet and the third-stage air inlet of the third-stage ammonia burner to make them reach the rated flow rate.

[0021] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0022] 1. The present invention adopts the method of combining plasma-assisted ammonia combustion with two-stage bluff body flame stabilization, which solves the problems existing in current ammonia fuel combustion, such as low flame propagation speed and high ignition energy.

[0023] 2. By adopting multi-stage plasma ignition and combustion assistors to assist ammonia combustion and combining with a bluff body flame stabilizer, stable combustion of pure ammonia can be achieved without adding hydrogen or other fossil fuels to ammonia.

[0024] 3. The present invention adopts three-stage flame stabilization technology, which can greatly improve the flame stabilization range of ammonia. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage ammonia burner and its operation principle of the present invention.

[0026] The reference numerals are: 1, the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter; 1-1, the first-stage high-voltage electrode; 1-2, the first-stage low-voltage electrode; 1-3, the first-stage ceramic swirl ring; 1-4, the first-stage discharge gas; 1-5, the first-stage plasma; 2, the first-stage ammonia burner; 2-1, the second-stage high-voltage electrode; 2-2, the second-stage ground electrode; 2-3, the second-stage discharge ceramic swirl ring; 2-4, the second-stage ceramic fixing ring; 2-5, the second-stage air inlet; 2-6, the second-stage plasma; 2-7, the first-stage recirculation zone; 2-8, the second-stage fuel supply ceramic swirl ring; 2-9, the second-stage fuel / air inlet; 3, the second-stage ammonia burner; 3-1, the third-stage high-voltage electrode; 3-2, the third-stage ground electrode; 3-3, the third-stage ceramic swirl ring; 3-4, the third-stage air inlet; 3-5, the third-stage plasma; 3-6, the second-stage recirculation zone; 3-7, the second-stage fuel / air inlet; 4, the third-stage ammonia burner; 4-1, the third-stage air inlet; 4-2, the third-stage ammonia inlet. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] As shown in the attached Figure 1A kind of ammonia combustor for synergistic cavity-stabilized combustion of plasma ignition and combustion support and its operation method are shown, including a three-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device and a three-stage fuel and air supply system. The three-stage plasma ignition and combustion support devices are respectively the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device, the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device, and the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device. The three-stage fuel and air supply systems are respectively the first-stage fuel and air supply system, the second-stage fuel and air supply system, and the third-stage fuel and air supply system. Among them, the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device 1 is composed of a first-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer, a first-stage discharge gas 1-4, and a first-stage plasma 1-5. The second-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device is composed of a second-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer, a second-stage ceramic fixing ring 2-4, a second-stage air inlet 2-5, and a second-stage plasma 2-6. The third-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device is composed of a third-stage high-voltage electrode 3-1, a third-stage ground electrode 3-2, a third-stage ceramic swirling ring 3-3, a third-stage air inlet 3-4, and a third-stage plasma 3-5. Among them, the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device, the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device, and the first-stage fuel and air supply system constitute the first-stage ammonia combustor. The third-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device, the second-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer in the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device, and the second-stage fuel and air supply system constitute the second-stage ammonia combustor. The third-stage fuel and air supply system constitutes the third-stage ammonia combustor. The first-stage ammonia combustor is placed inside the second-stage ammonia combustor, and the second-stage ammonia combustor is placed inside the third-stage ammonia combustor. The first-stage ammonia combustor, the second-stage ammonia combustor, and the third-stage ammonia combustor are coaxially arranged, and along the axial direction from the outlet to the inside, they are the third-stage ammonia combustor, the second-stage ammonia combustor, and the first-stage ammonia combustor in sequence.

[0029] Among them, the gas types of the inner swirling gas and the outer swirling gas of the first-stage fuel and air supply system are determined according to the working mode of the multi-stage ammonia combustor. There are three working modes for the plasma ignition and combustion support of the first stage. The first is pure air discharge to generate the first-stage plasma 1-5. In this mode, air is introduced into the first-stage ceramic swirling ring 1-3, and ammonia is introduced into the outer swirling gas. The second is pure ammonia discharge to generate a high-temperature ammonia / hydrogen mixture. In this mode, ammonia is introduced into the first-stage ceramic swirling ring 1-3, and air is introduced into the outer swirling gas. The third is discharge after ammonia / air premixing. In this mode, an ammonia / air mixture is introduced into the first-stage ceramic swirling ring 1-3, and air is introduced into the outer swirling gas to generate a high-temperature ammonia combustion flame.

[0030] The three - stage stable combustion technology is adopted. The first stage is plasma ignition and combustion assistance. The second stage is the first - stage bluff - body stabilizer and the second - stage plasma ignition and combustion assistance device. The third stage is the second - stage bluff - body stabilizer and the third - stage plasma ignition and combustion assistance device. The high - temperature ammonia flame generated by the plasma ignition and combustion assistance device in the first stage is mixed with the second - stage ammonia fuel and then sent into the first - stage bluff - body. A recirculation zone is formed in the first - stage bluff - body, and then secondary stable combustion occurs. The ammonia flame after secondary stable combustion and the third - stage ammonia fuel form a recirculation zone in the second - stage bluff - body, and then tertiary stable combustion is formed.

[0031] Among them, the first - stage bluff - body stabilizer is composed of a first - stage high - voltage electrode 1 - 1, a first - stage low - voltage electrode 1 - 2, and a first - stage ceramic swirling gas ring 1 - 3.

[0032] Among them, the second - stage bluff - body stabilizer is composed of a second - stage high - voltage electrode 2 - 1, a second - stage ground electrode 2 - 2, and a second - stage discharge ceramic swirling gas ring 2 - 3.

[0033] Among them, the material of the first - stage high - voltage electrode 1 - 1 is rod - shaped metal, and there is an arc - shaped protrusion at the head of the rod - shaped metal.

[0034] Among them, the first - stage ground electrode 1 - 2 uses a metal round tube. The first - stage ceramic swirling gas ring 1 - 3 passes through gas to form swirling gas and generates plasma between the high - voltage electrode and the ground electrode.

[0035] Among them, the first - stage fuel and air supply system, the second - stage fuel and air supply system, and the third - stage fuel and air supply system in the three - stage fuel and air supply system all include inner - layer swirling gas and outer - layer swirling gas.

[0036] Among them, the first - stage plasma ignition and combustion assistance device adopts a coaxial sliding - arc discharge structure. The first - stage high - voltage electrode 1 - 1 and the first - stage low - voltage electrode 1 - 2 are coaxially fixed through the first - stage ceramic swirling gas ring 1 - 3.

[0037] Among them, both the first - stage bluff - body stabilizer and the second - stage bluff - body stabilizer adopt a hollow horn shape. The upper half of the first - stage bluff - body stabilizer and the second - stage bluff - body stabilizer respectively constitute the first - stage high - voltage electrode 1 - 1 and the second - stage high - voltage electrode 2 - 1 of the second - stage plasma ignition and combustion assistance device and the third - stage plasma ignition and combustion assistance device. The lower half of the first - stage bluff - body stabilizer and the second - stage bluff - body stabilizer respectively constitute the first - stage low - voltage electrode 1 - 2 and the second - stage ground electrode 2 - 2 of the second - stage plasma ignition and combustion assistance device and the third - stage plasma ignition and combustion assistance device. The first - stage high - voltage electrode 1 - 1 and the first - stage low - voltage electrode 1 - 2, and the second - stage high - voltage electrode 2 - 1 and the second - stage ground electrode 2 - 2 are separated by the first - stage ceramic swirling gas ring 1 - 3 and the second - stage discharge ceramic swirling gas ring 2 - 3 respectively.

[0038] Among them, the discharge gas of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter is sourced from the discharge gas of the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter, and the discharge gas of the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter is sourced from the combustion exhaust gas of the first-stage burner and the gas provided by the fuel supply system of the second-stage burner; the three-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter uses a single-arc plasma generator or a multi-arc plasma generator, and the arc type is a sliding arc plasma or a DC arc plasma.

[0039] An operation method of a plasma ignition and combustion synergistic cavity-stabilized ammonia burner includes the following steps:

[0040] S1: According to the working mode of the multi-stage ammonia burner, turn on the first-stage ceramic swirling ring 1-3 and the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirling ring 2-8, and introduce corresponding gases into the first-stage ceramic swirling ring 1-3 and the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirling ring 2-8 through the three-stage fuel and air supply system, so that the first-stage ammonia burner generates the second-stage fuel / air intake 2-9 and makes the gas therein reach the rated flow rate;

[0041] S2: Turn on the power supply of the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter 1 to generate the first-stage plasma 1-5 and ignite the gas fed into the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirling ring 2-8;

[0042] S3: Turn on the second-stage fuel / air intake 2-9 of the first-stage ammonia burner, and then turn on the power supply of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter to generate the second-stage plasma 2-6 in the recirculation zone of the first-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer;

[0043] S4: Turn on the second-stage fuel / air inlet 3-7 of the second-stage ammonia burner to make it reach the rated flow rate, turn on the power supply of the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter to generate the third-stage plasma 3-5;

[0044] S5: After the second-stage ammonia burner operates stably, turn on the third-stage ammonia inlet 4-2 and the third-stage air inlet 4-1 of the third-stage ammonia burner to make them reach the rated flow rate.

[0045] Working principle of the present invention: Taking the first working mode of plasma ignition and combustion support as an example: Air is introduced into the first-stage ceramic swirl air ring 1-3, and ammonia is introduced into the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirl air ring 2-8, so that the second-stage fuel / air intake 2-9 of the first-stage ammonia burner allows air and fuel ammonia to reach the rated flow rate; the power supply of the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device 1 is turned on to generate the first-stage plasma 1-5, which ignites the ammonia introduced into the second-stage fuel-supplying ceramic swirl air ring 2-8; the second-stage fuel / air intake 2-9 of the first-stage ammonia burner is turned on, and then the power supply of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device is turned on to generate the second-stage plasma 2-6 in the recirculation zone of the first-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer. The second-stage fuel / air inlet 3-7 of the second-stage ammonia burner is turned on to make it reach the rated flow rate, and the power supply of the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion support device is turned on to generate the third-stage plasma 3-5; after the second-stage ammonia burner operates stably, the third-stage ammonia inlet 4-2 and the third-stage air inlet 4-1 of the third-stage ammonia burner are turned on to make them reach the rated flow rate.

[0046] Finally, several points should be noted: In the attached drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are involved. For other structures, reference can be made to the general design. Without conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other;

[0047] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia burner for plasma ignition and combustion assistance with cavity-stabilized combustion, characterized in that: It includes a three-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter and a three-stage fuel and air supply system. The three-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoters are respectively the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter, the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter, and the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter. The three-stage fuel and air supply systems are respectively the first-stage fuel and air supply system, the second-stage fuel and air supply system, and the third-stage fuel and air supply system; Among them, the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter (1) consists of a first-stage bluff body flame stabilizer, a first-stage discharge gas (1-4), and a first-stage plasma (1-5); The second-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter consists of a second-stage bluff body flame stabilizer, a second-stage ceramic fixing ring (2-4), a second-stage air inlet (2-5), and a second-stage plasma (2-6); The third-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter consists of a third-stage high-voltage electrode (3-1), a third-stage ground electrode (3-2), a third-stage ceramic swirling gas ring (3-3), a third-stage air inlet (3-4), and a third-stage plasma (3-5); Among them, the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter, the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter, and the first-stage fuel and air supply system constitute the first-stage ammonia burner; The third-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter, the second-stage bluff body flame stabilizer in the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter, and the second-stage fuel and air supply system constitute the second-stage ammonia burner; The third-stage fuel and air supply system constitutes the third-stage ammonia burner; The first-stage ammonia burner is placed inside the second-stage ammonia burner. The second-stage ammonia burner is placed inside the third-stage ammonia burner. The first-stage ammonia burner, the second-stage ammonia burner, and the third-stage ammonia burner are coaxially arranged. Along the axial direction from the outlet inward, they are the third-stage ammonia burner, the second-stage ammonia burner, and the first-stage ammonia burner in sequence.

2. The multi-stage ammonia burner for plasma ignition and combustion-supporting synergistic bluff-body stabilized combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage bluff body flame stabilizer consists of a first-stage high-voltage electrode (1-1), a first-stage low-voltage electrode (1-2), and a first-stage ceramic swirling gas ring (1-3).

3. A plasma ignition and combustion-supporting collaborative cavity-stabilized ammonia combustor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second-stage bluff body flame stabilizer consists of a second-stage high-voltage electrode (2-1), a second-stage ground electrode (2-2), and a second-stage discharge ceramic swirling gas ring (2-3).

4. A plasma ignition and combustion assistance collaborative cavity-stabilized ammonia combustor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the first-stage high-voltage electrode (1-1) is rod-shaped metal, and there is an arc-shaped protrusion at the head of the rod-shaped metal.

5. A plasma ignition and combustion-assisting cavity-stabilized ammonia combustor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first-stage ground electrode (1-2) uses a metal round tube. The first-stage ceramic swirling gas ring (1-3) introduces gas to form swirling gas and generates plasma between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode.

6. A plasma ignition and combustion assistance collaborative cavity-stabilized ammonia combustor and operation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage fuel and air supply system, the second-stage fuel and air supply system, and the third-stage fuel and air supply system in the three-stage fuel and air supply system all include inner swirling gas and outer swirling gas.

7. A plasma ignition and combustion-assisting cooperative cavity-stabilized ammonia combustor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage plasma ignition and combustion promoter adopts a coaxial sliding arc discharge structure. The first-stage high-voltage electrode (1-1) and the first-stage low-voltage electrode (1-2) are coaxially fixed through the first-stage ceramic swirling gas ring (1-3).

8. A plasma ignition and combustion assistance collaborative cavity-stabilized ammonia burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer and the second-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer adopt a hollow horn shape. The upper halves of the first-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer and the second-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer respectively constitute the first-stage high-voltage electrodes (1-1) and the second-stage high-voltage electrodes (2-1) of the second plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device and the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device. The lower halves of the first-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer and the second-stage bluff-body flame stabilizer respectively constitute the first-stage low electrodes (1-2) and the second-stage ground electrodes (2-2) of the second plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device and the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device. The first-stage high-voltage electrode (1-1) is separated from the first-stage low electrode (1-2), and the second-stage high-voltage electrode (2-1) is separated from the second-stage ground electrode (2-2) respectively by a first-stage ceramic swirl ring (1-3) and a second-stage discharge ceramic swirl ring (2-3).

9. The ammonia burner for plasma ignition and combustion assistance with cavity-stabilized combustion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge gas of the second-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device is sourced from the discharge gas of the first-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device. The discharge gas of the third-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device is sourced from the combustion exhaust gas of the first-stage burner and the gas provided by the fuel supply system of the second-stage burner; The third-stage plasma ignition and combustion-supporting device adopts a single-arc plasma generator or a multi-arc plasma generator, and the arc type is a sliding arc plasma or a DC arc plasma.

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