Subsidence monitoring method and system for geological exploration

Abstract

The present invention discloses a subsidence monitoring method and system for geological exploration, relating to the field of data processing technology. The method comprises: obtaining a target optical fiber echo signal from a target exploration area in a current time period, and historical optical fiber echo signals from the target exploration area in historical time periods; determining a target first geological sedimentation coefficient for the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal, and determining a second geological sedimentation coefficient for the target exploration area at the current moment based on the historical optical fiber echo signals; determining the geological sedimentation degree of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target first geological sedimentation coefficient and the second geological sedimentation coefficient; and issuing a geological sedimentation warning message if the geological sedimentation degree is greater than a preset sedimentation threshold. According to the present invention, the accuracy of subsidence monitoring can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of data processing, and in particular to a settlement monitoring method and system for geological exploration. Background Art

[0002] Subsidence refers to the sinking of the ground or buildings due to deformation of the underlying soil. Causes of land or building subsidence can include groundwater extraction, geological activity, and the application of building loads. Subsidence monitoring is an important land engineering technology used to monitor the subsidence of land or buildings. In urban development and construction, subsidence monitoring plays a key role, helping engineers and planners understand the stability of foundations and the safety of structures.

[0003] Currently, there is a widespread preference for using advanced fiber optic sensor technology and echo signal analysis techniques to accurately detect soil settlement and deformation. These technologies, with their high sensitivity, long-distance monitoring capabilities, and resistance to electromagnetic interference, have demonstrated tremendous potential and value in numerous practical applications.

[0004] However, the complexity of the geological environment is reflected not only in the diversity of soil composition and structure, but also in factors such as groundwater level fluctuations, the potential impact of seismic activity, and the gradual changes in soil properties caused by long-term geological processes. These complex factors work together to cause soil settlement characteristics to exhibit high temporal and spatial variability, resulting in low accuracy in settlement monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide a settlement monitoring method and system for geological exploration, which can improve the accuracy of settlement monitoring.

[0006] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a settlement monitoring method for geological exploration, comprising:

[0007] Acquire the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the current time period, and the historical optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the historical time period;

[0008] Determine a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal, and determine a second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the historical optical fiber echo signal, wherein the target first geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological linear change characteristics, and the second geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological nonlinear change characteristics;

[0009] Determine the geological subsidence of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target first geological subsidence coefficient and the second geological subsidence coefficient;

[0010] When the geological settlement is greater than the preset settlement threshold, a geological settlement warning message will be issued.

[0011] In some possible implementations, obtaining the target optical fiber echo signal in the target exploration area in the current time period may specifically include:

[0012] Obtaining the original optical fiber echo signal received by the optical fiber sensor;

[0013] Decomposing the original optical fiber echo signal based on a preset non-negative matrix decomposition ratio to obtain multiple signal decomposition results, the signal decomposition results including a first signal component and a second signal component, wherein the signal component proportion of the first signal component is greater than the signal component proportion of the second signal component;

[0014] For each signal decomposition result, respectively performing: determining an optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result based on the first signal component and the second signal component, where the optimal decomposition coefficient is used to characterize the reliability of the signal decomposition result;

[0015] The first signal component in the signal decomposition result corresponding to the largest optimal decomposition coefficient is determined as the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area.

[0016] In some possible implementations, determining an optimal decomposition coefficient of a signal decomposition result based on the first signal component and the second signal component may specifically include:

[0017] Obtaining a signal kurtosis of the first signal component, a signal amplitude variance of the second signal component, and a signal amplitude slope mean of the second signal component;

[0018] The optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result is determined using the signal kurtosis, signal amplitude variance and signal amplitude slope mean.

[0019] In some possible implementations, determining the target first geological subsidence coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal may specifically include:

[0020] In the target optical fiber echo signal, obtain the target time window corresponding to the current signal sampling point at the current moment;

[0021] The target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment is determined based on the optical fiber echo signal characteristics within the target time window.

[0022] In some possible implementations, obtaining a target time window corresponding to a current signal sampling point at a current moment in a target optical fiber echo signal may specifically include:

[0023] Obtain the current signal sampling point at the current moment in the target optical fiber echo signal;

[0024] Taking the current signal sampling point at the current moment as the starting point, move the preset window step along the moment before the current moment to obtain the target time window.

[0025] In some possible implementations, determining a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of a target exploration area at a current moment based on the optical fiber echo signal characteristics within a target time window may specifically include:

[0026] Obtain the slope of the signal sampling point at the current moment, as well as the maximum amplitude of each signal within the target time window;

[0027] Based on the maximum amplitude values of each signal, the maximum frequency and the average value of the maximum amplitude values of the signal are determined. The maximum frequency is used to represent the frequency of occurrence of the maximum amplitude value of the signal in the target optical fiber echo signal.

[0028] The target first geological subsidence coefficient is determined by using the slope of the signal sampling point at the current moment, the frequency of each maximum value, and the average value of the signal amplitude maximum value.

[0029] In some possible implementations, determining the second geological subsidence coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the historical optical fiber echo signal may specifically include:

[0030] dividing the historical optical fiber echo signal into a plurality of first settlement signal segments;

[0031] Converting each first sedimentation signal segment from a time domain signal to frequency information to obtain a plurality of second sedimentation signal segments;

[0032] obtaining a phase delay between adjacent second sedimentation signal segments based on each second sedimentation signal segment;

[0033] The variance of the phase delay is determined as the second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment.

[0034] In some possible implementations, dividing the historical optical fiber echo signal into a plurality of first settlement signal segments may specifically include:

[0035] For each historical signal sampling point in the historical optical fiber echo signal, respectively obtain the historical first geological sedimentation coefficient at the corresponding moment of the historical signal sampling point;

[0036] The historical signal sampling points that meet the preset division conditions are divided into the same first settlement signal segment, and the historical signal sampling points that do not meet the preset division conditions are divided into different first settlement signal segments to obtain multiple first settlement signal segments. The preset division condition is that the absolute value of the difference between the historical first geological settlement coefficients at the corresponding moments of adjacent historical signal sampling points is less than the preset threshold.

[0037] In some possible implementations, determining the geological subsidence of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target first geological subsidence coefficient and the second geological subsidence coefficient may specifically include:

[0038] Divide the target first geological sedimentation coefficient by the second geological sedimentation coefficient to obtain a sedimentation coefficient quotient;

[0039] The sedimentation coefficient quotient is determined as the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment.

[0040] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a settlement monitoring system for geological exploration, comprising:

[0041] A signal acquisition module is used to acquire the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the current time period and the historical optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the historical time period;

[0042] A coefficient determination module is used to determine a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal, and to determine a second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the historical optical fiber echo signal, wherein the target first geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological linear change characteristics, and the second geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological nonlinear change characteristics;

[0043] A sedimentation determination module is used to determine the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target first geological sedimentation coefficient and the second geological sedimentation coefficient;

[0044] The settlement warning module is used to issue a geological settlement warning message when the geological settlement is greater than the preset settlement threshold.

[0045] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] In the settlement monitoring method for geological exploration provided by an embodiment of the present invention, a target first geological settlement coefficient is determined based on an analysis of geological linear variation characteristics in the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal in the current time period. A second geological settlement coefficient is determined based on an analysis of geological nonlinear variation characteristics in the target exploration area at the current moment based on historical optical fiber echo signals in the target exploration area over historical time periods. In this way, the present invention comprehensively considers both linear and nonlinear geological variation characteristics to accurately analyze and determine the geological settlement degree of the target exploration area at the current moment, thereby improving the accuracy of settlement monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a settlement monitoring method for geological exploration provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process of S101 provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the first process of S102 provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second flow chart of S102 provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a settlement monitoring system for geological exploration provided by one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] To further illustrate the technical means and effects employed by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, describes in detail a settlement monitoring method and system for geological exploration, including its specific implementation, structure, features, and effects. In the following description, references to different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.

[0054] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0055] It should be noted that the acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solution of the present invention comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations.

[0056] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, certain software, components, models and other existing solutions in the industry may be mentioned. They should be regarded as exemplary and their purpose is only to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of the present invention, but it does not mean that the applicant has or will necessarily use the solution.

[0057] Subsidence, the sinking of the ground or buildings due to deformation of the underlying soil, can be caused by a variety of factors, including groundwater extraction, geological activity, and the application of building loads. As a key component of land engineering technology, subsidence monitoring is crucial for monitoring the subsidence of land or buildings. In the process of urban development and construction, subsidence monitoring plays a vital role, helping engineers and planners assess the stability of land foundations and the safety of structures.

[0058] Currently, fiber optic sensor technology and echo signal analysis techniques are widely favored due to their advanced features and are widely used to accurately monitor soil settlement and deformation. These technologies, with their unique advantages such as high sensitivity, long-distance monitoring capabilities, and resistance to electromagnetic interference, have demonstrated tremendous potential and value in practical applications. However, the complexity of the geological environment cannot be ignored. The diverse composition and structure of soil, fluctuations in groundwater levels, the potential threat of seismic activity, and the gradual changes in soil properties caused by long-term geological processes all intertwine and influence soil settlement characteristics. This high temporal and spatial variability poses challenges to the accuracy of settlement monitoring.

[0059] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a settlement monitoring method and system for geological exploration. In the settlement monitoring method for geological exploration provided by an embodiment of the present invention, a target first geological settlement coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment is determined based on the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the current time period, which is obtained based on the analysis of geological linear change characteristics; and a second geological settlement coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment is determined based on the analysis of geological nonlinear change characteristics based on the historical optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the historical time period. In this way, the present invention comprehensively considers the geological linear change characteristics and the geological nonlinear change characteristics, and can accurately analyze and obtain the geological settlement degree of the target exploration area at the current moment, thereby improving the accuracy of settlement monitoring.

[0060] The following describes specific embodiments of the settlement monitoring method and system for geological exploration provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 1 A flow chart of a settlement monitoring method for geological exploration is provided. The settlement monitoring method for geological exploration can be applied to a server and may include the following steps S101 to S104.

[0062] S101 : Acquire a target optical fiber echo signal of a target exploration area in a current time period and a historical optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in a historical time period.

[0063] In this embodiment, the target optical fiber echo signal is used to represent the optical fiber echo signal corresponding to the target exploration area in the current time period, and the historical optical fiber echo signal is used to represent the optical fiber echo signal corresponding to the target exploration area in the historical time period.

[0064] As an example, according to monitoring requirements (such as deep subsidence monitoring or surface subsidence monitoring), optical fiber sensors are arranged at reasonable locations within the target exploration area.

[0065] Then, during the current time period, the light source emits laser pulses through the optical fiber, and the service end receives the reflected light signal through the optical fiber sensor, thereby forming the target optical fiber echo signal.

[0066] At the same time, the server extracts the historical fiber echo signals of the target exploration area within the historical time period from past monitoring data.

[0067] S102, determining a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal, and determining a second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the historical optical fiber echo signal, wherein the target first geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological linear change characteristics, and the second geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological nonlinear change characteristics.

[0068] In this embodiment, the target first geological sedimentation coefficient is derived based on an analysis of geological linear variation characteristics. For example, the server first preprocesses the target optical fiber echo signal, such as by removing noise and filtering. Then, using mathematical methods such as linear regression and least squares, it analyzes the temporal variation trend of the target optical fiber echo signal, extracts the linear variation characteristics, and calculates the target first geological sedimentation coefficient.

[0069] The second geological sedimentation coefficient is derived based on an analysis of linear geological variation characteristics. For example, the server preprocesses historical fiber echo signals. Then, nonlinear analysis methods, such as wavelet analysis and neural networks, are used to reveal the nonlinear variation characteristics in the historical fiber echo signals. Based on this information, the second geological sedimentation coefficient is calculated.

[0070] S103: Determine the geological subsidence of the target exploration area at the current moment according to the target first geological subsidence coefficient and the second geological subsidence coefficient.

[0071] In this embodiment, the geological subsidence degree is used to characterize the actual situation and potential risk of geological subsidence in the target exploration area at the current moment.

[0072] As an example, the server comprehensively considers the first geological subsidence coefficient and the second geological subsidence coefficient of the target, and adopts weighted average, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and other methods to calculate the geological subsidence degree of the target exploration area at the current moment.

[0073] S104: When the geological settlement is greater than a preset settlement threshold, a geological settlement warning message is issued.

[0074] In this embodiment, a preset settlement threshold is set as a criterion for determining whether geological subsidence has reached a dangerous level. The server then compares the calculated geological settlement with the preset settlement threshold. If the geological settlement is greater than the preset settlement threshold, it indicates that there is a geological subsidence risk in the target exploration area.

[0075] In this case, the server automatically issues a geological subsidence warning message and notifies relevant personnel to take necessary measures, such as strengthening monitoring and taking reinforcement measures, to ensure the safety of people and property.

[0076] As an optional embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, S101 may specifically include the following S201 to S204.

[0077] S201, obtaining an original optical fiber echo signal received by the optical fiber sensor;

[0078] S202, decomposing the original optical fiber echo signal based on a preset non-negative matrix decomposition ratio to obtain a plurality of signal decomposition results, the signal decomposition results including a first signal component and a second signal component, wherein a signal component proportion of the first signal component is greater than a signal component proportion of the second signal component;

[0079] S203, for each signal decomposition result, respectively performing: determining an optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result based on the first signal component and the second signal component, where the optimal decomposition coefficient is used to characterize the reliability of the signal decomposition result;

[0080] S204: Determine the first signal component in the signal decomposition result corresponding to the largest optimal decomposition coefficient as the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area.

[0081] In this embodiment, the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) technique is a method for decomposing a non-negative matrix into the product of two non-negative matrices, and is used here to decompose the original optical fiber echo signal into a first signal component and a second signal component.

[0082] The first signal component has a greater signal component ratio than the second signal component. Since the true regional fiber echo signal component accounts for a much greater proportion than the noise signal component in the fiber echo signal, the first signal component is more representative of the true regional fiber echo signal.

[0083] The preset non-negative matrix factorization ratio is a parameter that must be set before decomposition. It determines the number and characteristics of the signal components obtained after decomposition. The selection of the preset non-negative matrix factorization ratio may be based on experience, experimental data, or the requirements of a specific application. For example, the preset non-negative matrix factorization ratio may be 8:2.

[0084] The optimal decomposition coefficient is used to reflect the reliability of the signal decomposition result, that is, whether the decomposition is reasonable. The larger the optimal decomposition coefficient, the higher the reliability of the signal decomposition result.

[0085] For example, a fiber optic sensor is deployed within a target exploration area, such as an oil well, underground pipeline, or other geological structure. As a light signal propagates through the optical fiber, it encounters different media interfaces and reflects back, generating echo signals. These echo signals contain information about the media changes along the fiber. The fiber optic sensor captures these echo signals, forming the original fiber echo signal.

[0086] The server then uses the NMF algorithm to decompose the original fiber echo signal into multiple signal decomposition results, each of which includes a first signal component and a second signal component. The first signal component has a greater signal component ratio than the second signal component, indicating that the first signal component dominates the original fiber echo signal.

[0087] Then, according to the first signal component and the second signal component in each signal decomposition result, a machine learning algorithm is used to evaluate the accuracy of the corresponding signal decomposition result, thereby obtaining the optimal decomposition coefficient of each signal decomposition result.

[0088] Finally, based on the optimal decomposition coefficient of each signal decomposition result, the signal decomposition result with the largest optimal decomposition coefficient is selected, and the first signal component is extracted from the signal decomposition result as the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area.

[0089] This embodiment decomposes the original fiber echo signal based on a preset non-negative matrix decomposition ratio to obtain multiple signal decomposition results. The target fiber echo signal in the target exploration area is then accurately selected from these signal decomposition results based on the optimal decomposition coefficient of each signal decomposition result. This prevents interference from noise components in the original fiber echo signal and improves the accuracy of the target fiber echo signal.

[0090] As an optional embodiment, S203 may specifically include:

[0091] Obtaining a signal kurtosis of the first signal component, a signal amplitude variance of the second signal component, and a signal amplitude slope mean of the second signal component;

[0092] The optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result is determined using the signal kurtosis, signal amplitude variance and signal amplitude slope mean.

[0093] In this embodiment, signal kurtosis is a statistic used to quantify the shape of a signal's distribution relative to a Gaussian distribution (normal distribution). It is a dimensionless parameter used to measure the degree of centralization of a data distribution and the presence of extreme values (outliers) in a signal.

[0094] When the signal distribution shape is the same as a Gaussian distribution, the kurtosis value is 3 (called a "normal-peaked distribution" or "zero-peaked distribution"). When the signal distribution shape is sharper than a Gaussian distribution, the kurtosis value is greater than 3 (called a "peaked-peaked distribution"). When the signal distribution shape is flatter than a Gaussian distribution, the kurtosis value is less than 3 (called a "low-peaked distribution"). Specifically, signal kurtosis can be determined according to the kurtosis calculation formula.

[0095] Signal amplitude variance is a statistic that describes the magnitude of signal amplitude fluctuations. It represents the average of the squares of the differences between each signal sampling point and its average value, reflecting the degree of signal dispersion.

[0096] The mean signal amplitude slope is a statistic that describes the trend of signal amplitude changes. It represents the average slope of the signal amplitude over time and reflects the dynamic characteristics of the signal.

[0097] As an example, the optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result can be determined by the following formula 1:

[0098] Formula 1

[0099] In formula 1, The optimal decomposition coefficient used to characterize the decomposition result of the cth signal, The signal kurtosis used to characterize the first signal component, The signal amplitude variance used to characterize the second signal component, The signal amplitude slope mean value used to characterize the second signal component.

[0100] in, It is used to characterize the degree of proximity between the signal kurtosis of the first signal component and 3. The closer the signal kurtosis of the first signal component is to 3, the more similar the signal distribution shape is to the Gaussian distribution, and the more consistent the first signal component is with the real fiber echo signal, that is, the larger the optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result; The product of the signal amplitude variance and the mean signal amplitude slope of the second signal component used to characterize the second signal component, the larger the value, the more disordered and drastic the second signal component is, and the more it conforms to the characteristics of the noise signal, that is, the larger the optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result. It should be noted that in order to ensure that the calculation results are meaningful, when performing fractional operations in the embodiment of the present invention, when the denominator is 0, a parameter adjustment factor greater than 0 is added to the denominator to prevent the denominator from being 0. The value of the parameter adjustment factor is set by the implementer according to the actual situation, and this application does not impose any special restrictions.

[0101] This embodiment utilizes the signal kurtosis of the first signal component, the signal amplitude variance of the second signal component, and the mean signal amplitude slope of the second signal component to accurately calculate the optimal decomposition coefficients of the signal decomposition results. This allows the target fiber echo signal in the target exploration area to be accurately screened based on the optimal decomposition coefficients of the signal decomposition results. This prevents interference from noise signal components in the original fiber echo signal and improves the accuracy of the target fiber echo signal.

[0102] As an optional embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, S102 may specifically include the following S301 to S302.

[0103] S301, obtaining a target time window corresponding to a current signal sampling point at a current moment in a target optical fiber echo signal;

[0104] S302: Determine a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment according to the optical fiber echo signal characteristics within the target time window.

[0105] In this embodiment, the target time window includes the current signal sampling point at the current moment and each historical signal sampling point within a preset time length before the current moment.

[0106] As an example, the server determines an appropriate time window length based on the characteristics of the fiber echo signal. This time window should be long enough to include valid signal components reflecting geological subsidence characteristics, yet short enough to reduce the impact of noise and interference. Simultaneously, the server extends the determined time window length forward and backward, centered on the current signal sampling point, to obtain the target time window at the current moment.

[0107] The server then extracts features from the fiber echo signal within the target time window. Specifically, possible features include signal amplitude, phase, frequency, and energy distribution. Based on these extracted fiber echo signal features, a mathematical model or relationship is established between them and the geological sedimentation coefficient. Substituting the fiber echo signal features within the target time window into the model or relationship, the target first geological sedimentation coefficient for the target exploration area at the current moment is calculated.

[0108] Through this embodiment, a target time window corresponding to the current signal sampling point at the current moment is obtained from the target optical fiber echo signal. The optical fiber echo signal characteristics within the target time window are then used to accurately determine the target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment. This accurate determination of the target first geological sedimentation coefficient facilitates subsequent analysis of the target exploration area's geological subsidence at the current moment based on the target first geological sedimentation coefficient, thereby improving the accuracy of subsidence monitoring.

[0109] As an optional embodiment, S301 may specifically include:

[0110] Obtain the current signal sampling point at the current moment in the target optical fiber echo signal;

[0111] Taking the current signal sampling point at the current moment as the starting point, move the preset window step along the moment before the current moment to obtain the target time window.

[0112] In this embodiment, the server obtains the current signal sampling point corresponding to the current moment from the target fiber echo signal. A preset window step size is then set based on analysis requirements. This preset window step size can be a fixed number of signal sampling points or based on a time interval. For example, the preset window step size can be 19 signal sampling points.

[0113] Then, starting from the current signal sampling point, the preset window step is moved forward to the moment before the current moment to obtain the target time window. At the same time, each signal sampling point contained in the target time window is stored in an array, list, or other data structure for subsequent processing and analysis.

[0114] This embodiment uses the current signal sampling point at the current moment as the starting point and moves the preset window step size along the time before the current moment to obtain the target time window. This facilitates the subsequent calculation of the target first geological subsidence coefficient based on the target time window, thereby improving the accuracy of subsidence monitoring.

[0115] As an optional embodiment, S302 may specifically include:

[0116] Obtain the slope of the signal sampling point at the current moment, as well as the maximum amplitude of each signal within the target time window;

[0117] Based on the maximum amplitude values of each signal, the maximum frequency and the average value of the maximum amplitude values of the signal are determined. The maximum frequency is used to represent the frequency of occurrence of the maximum amplitude value of the signal in the target optical fiber echo signal.

[0118] The target first geological subsidence coefficient is determined by using the slope of the signal sampling point at the current moment, the frequency of each maximum value, and the average value of the signal amplitude maximum value.

[0119] In this embodiment, the server evaluates the difference between the signal sampling point at the current moment and the previous signal sampling point corresponding thereto to obtain the slope of the signal sampling point at the current moment.

[0120] Then, within the target time window, the maximum point is detected by comparing the amplitudes of adjacent signal sampling points. Specifically, if the signal amplitude of a signal sampling point is greater than or equal to the signal amplitudes of its adjacent signal sampling points (usually the previous and next signal sampling points), the signal sampling point is determined to be a maximum point, and the signal amplitude corresponding to the maximum point is the signal amplitude maximum.

[0121] Next, count the number of times each signal amplitude maximum occurs in the target fiber echo signal and divide it by the total length of the target fiber echo signal (in units of time or sampling points) to obtain the frequency of each maximum. Simultaneously, add the total maximum amplitude values detected and divide by the total number of maximum amplitude values to obtain the mean maximum amplitude value.

[0122] Finally, the target first geological subsidence coefficient is determined by the following formula 2:

[0123] Formula 2

[0124] In formula 2, It is used to characterize the first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the i-th moment, Used to characterize the slope of the signal sampling point at moment i, where e is a natural constant. To characterize the The maximum signal amplitude, Used to characterize the total number of maximum signal amplitudes, To characterize the The maximum frequency corresponding to the maximum signal amplitude is It is used to represent the multiplication of the maximum frequencies corresponding to the maximum amplitudes of each signal. Used to represent the mean of the maximum signal amplitude.

[0125] Among them, the smaller the maximum frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude of each signal, the The larger it is, the more abnormal the signal fluctuation of the target optical fiber echo signal at the i-th moment is, that is, the larger the first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the i-th moment is.

[0126] This embodiment uses the current signal sampling point slope, the frequency of each maximum value, and the mean of the signal amplitude maximum value to accurately calculate the target first geological sedimentation coefficient. Accurately calculating the target first geological sedimentation coefficient facilitates subsequent analysis of the geological subsidence of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target first geological sedimentation coefficient, thereby improving the accuracy of subsidence monitoring.

[0127] As an optional embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, S102 may specifically include the following S401 to S404.

[0128] S401, dividing a historical optical fiber echo signal into a plurality of first settlement signal segments;

[0129] S402, converting each first sedimentation signal segment from a time domain signal into frequency information to obtain a plurality of second sedimentation signal segments;

[0130] S403, obtaining a phase delay between adjacent second sedimentation signal segments based on each second sedimentation signal segment;

[0131] S404: Determine the variance of the phase delay as the second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment.

[0132] In this embodiment, the first sedimentation signal segment is used to characterize the local historical optical fiber echo signal that exists in the form of a time domain signal, that is, a historical optical fiber echo signal includes multiple first sedimentation signal segments; the second sedimentation signal segment is used to characterize the local historical optical fiber echo signal that exists in the form of a frequency signal.

[0133] Phase delay is used to characterize the relative changes between adjacent second settlement signal segments and is related to the rate and direction of geological settlement.

[0134] As an example, the server divides the collected continuous historical optical fiber echo signal into multiple discrete first settlement signal segments according to the time or space dimension. Each first settlement signal segment represents geological settlement information within a period of time or a certain spatial range.

[0135] Then, a Fourier transform (e.g., fast Fourier transform) is used to convert each first subsidence signal segment from the time domain to the frequency domain. This step is to extract the frequency components in the first subsidence signal segment, as geological subsidence can cause changes in signal frequency.

[0136] Then, the phase delay between adjacent second settlement signal segments is determined by the following formula 3:

[0137] Formula 3

[0138] In formula 3, To characterize the The phase delay between the bth second settlement signal segment and the bth second settlement signal segment, To characterize the Phase information of the second settling signal segment, Used to characterize the phase information of the bth second settlement signal segment.

[0139] Finally, the phase delays between multiple adjacent second subsidence signal segments are calculated to obtain the variance of the phase delays, which is then used as the second geological subsidence coefficient for the target exploration area at the current moment. The variance reflects the degree of dispersion of the phase delays, that is, the heterogeneity or fluctuation of the geological subsidence.

[0140] This embodiment first divides the historical optical fiber echo signal into multiple first settlement signal segments; then, each first settlement signal segment is converted from a time-domain signal into frequency information to obtain multiple second settlement signal segments; finally, based on each second settlement signal segment, the phase delay between adjacent second settlement signal segments is determined, thereby determining the second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment. Accurately calculating the second geological sedimentation coefficient facilitates subsequent accurate analysis of the geological subsidence degree of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the second geological sedimentation coefficient, thereby improving the accuracy of settlement monitoring.

[0141] As an optional embodiment, S401 may specifically include:

[0142] For each historical signal sampling point in the historical optical fiber echo signal, respectively obtain the historical first geological sedimentation coefficient at the corresponding moment of the historical signal sampling point;

[0143] The historical signal sampling points that meet the preset division conditions are divided into the same first settlement signal segment, and the historical signal sampling points that do not meet the preset division conditions are divided into different first settlement signal segments to obtain multiple first settlement signal segments. The preset division condition is that the absolute value of the difference between the historical first geological settlement coefficients at the corresponding moments of adjacent historical signal sampling points is less than the preset threshold.

[0144] In this embodiment, the server calculates the historical first geological sedimentation coefficient at the time corresponding to each historical signal sampling point in the historical optical fiber echo signal according to the above formula 2.

[0145] Then, a preset threshold is set to determine whether the change in the historical first geological sedimentation coefficient between adjacent historical signal sampling points is significant. The preset division condition is that the absolute value of the difference between the historical first geological sedimentation coefficients at corresponding moments of adjacent historical signal sampling points is less than the preset threshold.

[0146] Then, all historical signal sampling points are traversed, and the historical first geological sedimentation coefficient differences between adjacent historical signal sampling points are checked in chronological order. If the absolute value of the difference is less than a preset threshold, the two historical signal sampling points are classified into the same first sedimentation signal segment. The next historical signal sampling point is checked. If the difference between it and the last historical signal sampling point in the current signal segment is also less than the preset threshold, it is added to the first sedimentation signal segment; otherwise, a new first sedimentation signal segment is started.

[0147] This embodiment divides historical signal sampling points in the historical fiber echo signal into multiple first settlement signal segments by setting preset division conditions and thresholds. This method can accurately capture the changing characteristics of geological settlement, providing strong support for geological exploration and engineering monitoring.

[0148] As an optional embodiment, S103 may specifically include:

[0149] Divide the target first geological sedimentation coefficient by the second geological sedimentation coefficient to obtain a sedimentation coefficient quotient;

[0150] The sedimentation coefficient quotient is determined as the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment.

[0151] In this embodiment, the geological subsidence can be determined specifically by the following formula 4:

[0152] Formula 4

[0153] In formula 4, Used to characterize geological subsidence, Used to characterize the first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target, Used to characterize the second geological sedimentation coefficient.

[0154] When the soil in the exploration area exhibits a strong nonlinear response, the fiber optic sensor's fiber echo signal will be significantly affected, resulting in an overestimation of the geological settlement coefficient. This is because the nonlinear behavior of the soil complicates the phase variation of the fiber optic echo signal, causing the calculated target first sedimentation coefficient to be higher than the actual settlement. Therefore, by dividing the target first sedimentation coefficient by the second geological settlement coefficient, the relationship between the fiber optic echo signal and the actual settlement can be corrected to improve the accuracy of the settlement assessment.

[0155] This embodiment utilizes the first and second target geological sedimentation coefficients to accurately determine the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment. By comprehensively considering both linear and nonlinear geological variation characteristics, the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment can be accurately analyzed and obtained, thereby improving the accuracy of sedimentation monitoring.

[0156] Based on the settlement monitoring method for geological exploration, the present invention also provides a specific embodiment of a settlement monitoring system for geological exploration.

[0157] Figure 5 A structural diagram of a settlement monitoring system for geological exploration is provided. The settlement monitoring system 500 for geological exploration includes a signal acquisition module 510 , a coefficient determination module 520 , a settlement determination module 530 , and a settlement early warning module 540 .

[0158] The signal acquisition module 510 is used to acquire the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the current time period and the historical optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the historical time period;

[0159] A coefficient determination module 520 is configured to determine a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal, and to determine a second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the historical optical fiber echo signal, wherein the target first geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological linear variation characteristics, and the second geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological nonlinear variation characteristics;

[0160] The sedimentation determination module 530 is used to determine the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment according to the target first geological sedimentation coefficient and the second geological sedimentation coefficient;

[0161] The settlement warning module 540 is used to issue a geological settlement warning message when the geological settlement is greater than a preset settlement threshold.

[0162] In a settlement monitoring system for geological exploration provided by an embodiment of the present invention, a target first geological settlement coefficient is determined based on an analysis of geological linear variation characteristics in the target exploration area at the current moment based on a target optical fiber echo signal in the current time period. A second geological settlement coefficient is determined based on an analysis of geological nonlinear variation characteristics in the target exploration area at the current moment based on historical optical fiber echo signals in the target exploration area over historical time periods. By comprehensively considering both linear and nonlinear geological variation characteristics, the present invention can accurately analyze and determine the geological settlement degree of the target exploration area at the current moment, thereby improving the accuracy of settlement monitoring.

[0163] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above and illustrated in the figures. For the sake of brevity, a detailed description of known methods is omitted. In the above embodiments, several specific steps are described and illustrated as examples. However, the method of the present invention is not limited to the specific steps described and illustrated. Those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, and additions, or change the order of the steps after understanding the spirit of the present invention.

[0164] It should also be noted that the exemplary embodiments described herein describe methods or systems based on a series of steps or devices. However, the present invention is not limited to the order of the steps described above. In other words, the steps may be performed in the order described in the embodiments, or in a different order, or several steps may be performed simultaneously.

[0165] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, modules and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A settlement monitoring method for geological exploration, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire a target optical fiber echo signal of a target exploration area in a current time period, and a historical optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in a historical time period; Determining a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at a current moment according to the target optical fiber echo signal, and determining a second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at a current moment according to the historical optical fiber echo signal, wherein the target first geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological linear change characteristics, and the second geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological nonlinear change characteristics; Determining the geological settlement degree of the target exploration area at the current moment according to the target first geological settlement coefficient and the second geological settlement coefficient; When the geological settlement degree is greater than a preset settlement degree threshold, a geological settlement warning message is issued; The obtaining of the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the current time period includes: Obtaining the original optical fiber echo signal received by the optical fiber sensor; Decomposing the original optical fiber echo signal based on a preset non-negative matrix decomposition ratio to obtain a plurality of signal decomposition results, wherein the signal decomposition results include a first signal component and a second signal component, wherein a signal component proportion of the first signal component is greater than a signal component proportion of the second signal component; For each of the signal decomposition results, respectively performing: determining an optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result based on the first signal component and the second signal component, wherein the optimal decomposition coefficient is used to characterize the reliability of the signal decomposition result; determining the first signal component in the signal decomposition result corresponding to the largest optimal decomposition coefficient as the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area; The determining, based on the first signal component and the second signal component, an optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result includes: Obtaining a signal kurtosis of the first signal component, a signal amplitude variance of the second signal component, and a signal amplitude slope mean of the second signal component; An optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result is determined by using the signal kurtosis, the signal amplitude variance, and the signal amplitude slope mean.

2. The settlement monitoring method for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at a current moment according to the target optical fiber echo signal includes: In the target optical fiber echo signal, obtaining a target time window corresponding to a current signal sampling point at a current moment; The target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment is determined according to the optical fiber echo signal characteristics within the target time window.

3. The settlement monitoring method for geological exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of obtaining a target time window corresponding to a current signal sampling point at a current moment in the target optical fiber echo signal includes: Obtaining a current signal sampling point at a current moment in the target optical fiber echo signal; Taking the current signal sampling point at the current moment as the starting point, the preset window step is moved along the moment before the current moment to obtain the target time window.

4. The settlement monitoring method for geological exploration according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at a current moment based on the optical fiber echo signal characteristics within the target time window includes: Obtaining the slope of the signal sampling point at the current moment and the maximum amplitude values of each signal within the target time window; Based on each of the signal amplitude maxima, determining each maximum frequency and a mean of the signal amplitude maxima, wherein the maximum frequency is used to characterize the frequency of occurrence of the signal amplitude maxima in the target optical fiber echo signal; The target first geological subsidence coefficient is determined by using the slope of the signal sampling point at the current moment, the frequencies of the maximum values, and the average of the signal amplitude maximum values.

5. The settlement monitoring method for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the second geological subsidence coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment according to the historical optical fiber echo signal includes: Dividing the historical optical fiber echo signal into a plurality of first settlement signal segments; Converting each of the first sedimentation signal segments from a time domain signal to frequency information to obtain a plurality of second sedimentation signal segments; obtaining a phase delay between adjacent second sedimentation signal segments based on each of the second sedimentation signal segments; The variance of the phase delay is determined as the second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment.

6. The settlement monitoring method for geological exploration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dividing the historical optical fiber echo signal into a plurality of first settlement signal segments includes: For each historical signal sampling point in the historical optical fiber echo signal, respectively obtain the historical first geological sedimentation coefficient at the time corresponding to the historical signal sampling point; The historical signal sampling points that meet the preset division conditions are divided into the same first settlement signal segment, and the historical signal sampling points that do not meet the preset division conditions are divided into different first settlement signal segments to obtain multiple first settlement signal segments. The preset division condition is that the absolute value of the difference between the historical first geological settlement coefficients at corresponding moments of adjacent historical signal sampling points is less than a preset threshold.

7. The settlement monitoring method for geological exploration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining the geological settlement degree of the target exploration area at the current moment according to the target first geological settlement coefficient and the second geological settlement coefficient includes: Dividing the target first geological sedimentation coefficient by the second geological sedimentation coefficient to obtain a sedimentation coefficient quotient; The sedimentation coefficient quotient is determined as the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment.

8. A settlement monitoring system for geological exploration, characterized in that: The system comprises: A signal acquisition module is used to acquire a target optical fiber echo signal of a target exploration area in a current time period, and a historical optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in a historical time period; The obtaining of the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area in the current time period includes: Obtaining the original optical fiber echo signal received by the optical fiber sensor; Decomposing the original optical fiber echo signal based on a preset non-negative matrix decomposition ratio to obtain a plurality of signal decomposition results, wherein the signal decomposition results include a first signal component and a second signal component, wherein a signal component proportion of the first signal component is greater than a signal component proportion of the second signal component; For each of the signal decomposition results, respectively performing: determining an optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result based on the first signal component and the second signal component, wherein the optimal decomposition coefficient is used to characterize the reliability of the signal decomposition result; determining the first signal component in the signal decomposition result corresponding to the largest optimal decomposition coefficient as the target optical fiber echo signal of the target exploration area; The determining, based on the first signal component and the second signal component, an optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result includes: Obtaining a signal kurtosis of the first signal component, a signal amplitude variance of the second signal component, and a signal amplitude slope mean of the second signal component; Determining an optimal decomposition coefficient of the signal decomposition result by using the signal kurtosis, the signal amplitude variance, and the signal amplitude slope mean; a coefficient determination module, configured to determine a target first geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target optical fiber echo signal, and to determine a second geological sedimentation coefficient of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the historical optical fiber echo signal, wherein the target first geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological linear change characteristics, and the second geological sedimentation coefficient is a geological sedimentation coefficient obtained based on an analysis of geological nonlinear change characteristics; a sedimentation determination module, configured to determine the geological sedimentation of the target exploration area at the current moment based on the target first geological sedimentation coefficient and the second geological sedimentation coefficient; The settlement warning module is used to issue a geological settlement warning message when the geological settlement is greater than a preset settlement threshold.

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