Apparatus and method for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle settling processes

Abstract

The application discloses a device and a method for correcting visual errors of camera observation of particle sedimentation process, comprising an experimental setting module, an image acquisition module, a data processing module, a size correction module and the like, through the experimental setting module and the image acquisition module, only a ruler needs to be set and an image is shot, and the error correction can be completed by combining simple analysis of the data processing module, without complex equipment or tedious operation, so that the experimental implementation difficulty and the requirement for professional skills of the operator are significantly reduced; moreover, the whole device is easy to build, low in cost, and common equipment of a ruler and a camera is used, expensive instruments such as high-precision optical sensors are avoided, resource utilization is further optimized in combination with a modular design, experimental cost is reduced, and the device has higher economy and popularization and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of particle sedimentation testing technology, specifically to a device and method for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes in a transparent cylindrical barrel. It is applicable to scenarios requiring precise analysis of particle sedimentation processes, such as geological research, chemical production, and environmental monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] In numerous fields such as scientific research, industrial production, and environmental monitoring, the accurate observation and analysis of particle settling processes in still water is of paramount importance. For example, in geological research, analyzing the settling characteristics of soil particles in liquids provides a deeper understanding of soil composition and structure; in chemical production processes, understanding the settling velocity and patterns of particles helps optimize solid-liquid separation processes; and in environmental monitoring, monitoring the settling of suspended particles in water effectively assesses water quality.

[0003] Compared to earlier methods of visual observation and stopwatch recording, camera observation technology has become a common tool for studying particle sedimentation processes due to its significant advantages such as intuitiveness, efficiency, and recordability. By capturing images or videos of particles settling in a transparent container and analyzing them, crucial information such as particle position, velocity, and trajectory can be accurately obtained. Transparent cylindrical containers are frequently used as containers for particle sedimentation experiments due to their simple structure, ease of fabrication, and ease of observation.

[0004] However, visual errors are unavoidable when observing particle settling in a transparent cylindrical tank using a camera. This is mainly because transparent cylindrical tanks are typically made of materials with a certain refractive index, such as glass or plastic. Light, as it travels from the particle to the camera lens, must pass through different media (such as liquids, tank wall materials, and air), resulting in refraction at the media interfaces. Furthermore, the curved shape of the transparent cylindrical tank further complicates the light propagation path, causing discrepancies between the image of the particles captured by the camera and their actual position and state. Additionally, to avoid wall effects caused by the confinement of the transparent cylindrical tank's sides during particle settling, the size of the transparent cylindrical tank is usually larger than the particle size, and the particle settling process is required to occur within a certain range of the central axis of the cylinder. Simultaneously, to avoid the influence of a scale on the particle settling process, the scale is usually placed outside the transparent cylindrical tank at a certain distance from the actual settling location. These visual errors severely impact the accuracy of subsequent data analysis and results, causing significant differences between the particle settling velocity, trajectory, and other parameters derived from the observed data and the actual situation.

[0005] Currently, methods for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particles in transparent cylindrical tanks have many shortcomings. Some methods require complex and expensive equipment, such as high-precision optical sensors and special lenses, which undoubtedly increases experimental costs and operational difficulty, limiting their widespread practical application. Other methods rely on complex mathematical models and extensive measurement calculations for error correction. For example, camera calibration methods require measuring multiple parameters such as the wall thickness, refractive index, and incident angle of the transparent cylindrical tank, followed by calculations based on complex optical formulas. In practice, measuring these parameters is not only difficult but also prone to introducing new errors. Furthermore, the extensive calculations require specialized software and high-performance computers, and the computational process is cumbersome, time-consuming, and reduces observation efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent practical need to develop a simple, low-cost method that can effectively correct visual errors in camera observation of particle settling processes in transparent cylindrical tanks. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art by providing a device and method for correcting visual errors in the process of particle sedimentation observed by a camera. The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art where visual errors are caused by light refraction due to the material and shape of the transparent cylindrical barrel when observing particle sedimentation in the transparent cylindrical barrel through a camera, and where the existing correction methods are complicated, cumbersome to operate, and costly.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] On the one hand, an apparatus is provided for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle sedimentation processes, comprising:

[0009] The experimental setup module is used to build the basic environment for particle sedimentation experiments and determine the observation area for particle sedimentation experiments. The experimental setup module includes a transparent cylindrical barrel, the outer wall of which is provided with a first scale, and the interior of which is provided with a second scale.

[0010] An image acquisition module is used to convert the physical information of the experimental scene into quantifiable digital images to provide data support for error analysis. The image acquisition module includes at least a camera facing the transparent cylindrical barrel, which captures and acquires the digital images.

[0011] The data processing module includes at least a processor connected to the image acquisition module, the processor being used to analyze the digital image and extract and process data from the first scale and the second scale in the digital image;

[0012] A size correction module, connected to the data processing module, corrects the particle settling motion process observed by the camera based on the size correction coefficient obtained by the data processing module, and outputs the true particle motion parameters.

[0013] This device has a simple structure and is easy to operate and use. Through the experimental setup module and image acquisition module, only the scale needs to be set and the image taken. Combined with the simple analysis of the data processing module, error correction can be completed. No complicated equipment or cumbersome operation is required, which significantly reduces the difficulty of experimental implementation and the professional skills required of operators. Moreover, the entire device is easy to build and has low cost. The scale and camera used are common equipment, avoiding reliance on expensive instruments such as high-precision optical sensors. Combined with the modular design, it further optimizes resource utilization and reduces experimental costs, making it highly economical and valuable for promotion and application.

[0014] Furthermore, the transparent cylindrical container contains a transparent liquid medium, and at least one particle to be observed is placed in the transparent liquid medium.

[0015] Furthermore, the first scale is a transparent scale with a precision of at least millimeters, and is vertically attached to the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical barrel.

[0016] Furthermore, the second scale is a transparent scale with a precision of at least millimeters, which is vertically suspended in the middle of the transparent cylindrical barrel by a bracket, and a counterweight is provided below the second scale.

[0017] Furthermore, a monochrome soft light velvet cloth is provided behind the transparent cylindrical barrel, and a light source is placed behind the monochrome soft light velvet cloth.

[0018] On the other hand, a method for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle settling processes is provided. This method utilizes the apparatus described above for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle settling processes, and includes the following steps:

[0019] Set up the basic environment for the particle sedimentation experiment, determine the observation area for the particle sedimentation experiment, inject water into the transparent cylindrical barrel and add the particles to be observed.

[0020] The camera is used to capture and record images of the first and second scales within the sedimentation area to be observed in the transparent cylindrical barrel, thereby obtaining digital images of the first and second scales inside and outside the transparent cylindrical barrel.

[0021] The data processing module analyzes the digital image using image processing software. Using the scale of the first ruler as a reference and the image length of the second ruler as a dataset, it compares the dataset with the actual length of the second ruler to calculate a size correction coefficient. α ;

[0022] Obtain the size correction factor α Then, a particle settling experiment was carried out in the transparent cylindrical barrel, and the camera was used to record the movement trajectory of the particles in real time during the settling process.

[0023] Based on the size correction factor α The particle settling motion process observed by the camera is corrected to eliminate visual errors and output the true particle motion parameters.

[0024] Furthermore, in the step of setting up the basic environment for the particle sedimentation experiment, a transparent first scale is deployed on the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical barrel, a transparent second scale is set inside, the camera is arranged at a distance in front of the transparent cylindrical barrel, and a monochrome soft light cloth and light source are arranged behind the transparent cylindrical barrel.

[0025] Furthermore, the size correction coefficient in the data processing module α The calculation model is as follows:

[0026] ,

[0027] In the formula, a i m i Let γ be the i-th element of the actual length dataset A and the measured length dataset M of the second scale, respectively. i The calculation weights for A and M are assigned according to the experimental observation area, where i is a positive integer.

[0028] Furthermore, in the particle sedimentation experiment, the motion trajectory recorded by the camera is extracted and analyzed using video analysis software in conjunction with the first scale.

[0029] Furthermore, the calculation model for the correction process is: Z actual =α×Z observed In the formula Z observed For the observed sedimentation displacement of particles, Z actual This represents the actual settling displacement of the particles.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The device for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation is simple in structure, easy to operate and use. Through the experimental setup module and image acquisition module, only the scale needs to be set and images captured. Error correction can be completed with simple analysis by the data processing module, without the need for complex equipment or cumbersome operations, significantly reducing the difficulty of experimental implementation and the professional skills required of operators; 2. The entire device is easy to assemble and inexpensive. The scales and cameras used are common equipment, avoiding reliance on expensive instruments such as high-precision optical sensors. The modular design further optimizes resource utilization, reduces experimental costs, and has high economic value and application potential; 3. The first and second scales are not only transparent but also have precise graduations, ensuring they do not affect camera capture and particle identification during particle sedimentation. They also allow for real-time acquisition and recording of the scale values ​​on the internal and external scales, providing a reference for subsequent image acquisition and data processing. 4. The device for correcting visual errors in the particle settling process observed by the camera can not only correct and revise the visual errors in the particle settling process in the transparent cylindrical barrel, but also complete the study of the particle settling process, obtain the trajectory path and related motion parameters of the particle settling, and the accuracy of these parameters and data is high; 5. This method uses the first and second scales, as well as quantifiable comparative analysis, to accurately determine the visual errors that exist when the camera photographs the particles in the transparent cylindrical barrel, avoiding the problem of particle observation errors caused by the presence of the transparent cylindrical barrel and its internal water. It also eliminates the need to measure multiple parameters such as the wall thickness, refractive index, and light incident angle of the transparent cylindrical barrel and perform calculations based on complex optical formulas, so as to obtain relatively accurate observation data without introducing new errors, reducing the cumbersomeness and time of calculation processing, and greatly improving the efficiency and effectiveness of particle settling experiments. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the device of the present invention for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation process;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the transparent cylindrical barrel and the scale of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of the present invention for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes;

[0034] Figure 4 The diagram presents a scenario where the length of the second scale at the center of the transparent cylindrical tank, within a 10cm range below the free liquid surface, is measured using ImageJ based on the first scale on the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical tank.

[0035] Figure 5 shows the measurement of the length of the second scale at the center of the transparent cylindrical tank within a range of 15 cm below the free liquid surface using ImageJ, based on the first scale on the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical tank.

[0036] Figure 6 shows the measurement of the length of the second scale at the center of the transparent cylindrical tank within a range of 5cm-20cm below the free liquid surface using ImageJ, based on the first scale on the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical tank.

[0037] Figure 7 shows the sedimentation process observed by a PA66 spherical particle camera with a particle size of 4 mm in the transparent cylindrical barrel of this invention. The corrected sedimentation process is compared with the theoretical sedimentation process.

[0038] Figure 8 shows the sedimentation process observed by a POM spherical particle camera with a particle size of 4 mm in the transparent cylindrical barrel of the present invention. The corrected sedimentation process is compared with the theoretical sedimentation process.

[0039] In the picture: 1. Transparent cylindrical barrel; 2. First scale; 3. Second scale; 4. Camera; 5. Monochrome soft light velvet cloth; 6. Light source; 7. Stand; 8. Counterweight. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "middle," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a device for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle sedimentation processes, combined with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following modules:

[0043] The experimental setup module is used to build the basic environment for particle sedimentation experiments and determine the observation area for particle sedimentation experiments. The experimental setup module includes a transparent cylindrical barrel 1, the outer wall of which is provided with a first scale 2, and the interior of which is provided with a second scale 3.

[0044] An image acquisition module is used to convert the physical information of the experimental scene into quantifiable digital images to provide data support for error analysis. The image acquisition module includes at least a camera 4 facing the transparent cylindrical barrel 1, and the camera 4 captures and acquires the digital images.

[0045] The data processing module includes at least a processor connected to the image acquisition module. The processor is used to analyze the digital image, extract and process data from the first scale 2 and the second scale 3 in the digital image.

[0046] A size correction module, connected to the data processing module, corrects the particle settling motion process observed by the camera based on the size correction coefficient obtained by the data processing module, and outputs the true particle motion parameters.

[0047] This device for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle sedimentation is simple in structure, easy to operate and use. Through the experimental setup module and image acquisition module, only the scale needs to be set and images taken. Combined with simple analysis by the data processing module, error correction can be completed. No complex equipment or cumbersome operation is required, which significantly reduces the difficulty of experimental implementation and the professional skills required of operators. Moreover, the entire device is easy to build and inexpensive. The scale and camera used are common equipment, avoiding reliance on expensive instruments such as high-precision optical sensors. The modular design further optimizes resource utilization and reduces experimental costs, making it highly economical and valuable for widespread application.

[0048] The experimental setup module deploys a first and a second scale with precise graduations on the outer wall and inside the transparent cylindrical container 1. These scales are designed to provide a reference for subsequent image acquisition and data processing, ensuring accurate spatial positioning of the observation area. Both the first and second scales are transparent and precisely graduated, ensuring they do not interfere with camera capture and particle identification during particle settling. They also allow for real-time acquisition and recording of the graduation values ​​on both the inner and outer scales, providing reliable data for subsequent analysis and calculations.

[0049] In other words, the image acquisition module can effectively use the camera to capture and record images of the two scales within the sedimentation area to be observed in the transparent cylindrical barrel, and capture image data of the first scale 2 and the second scale 3 inside and outside the barrel through a high-resolution imaging device.

[0050] The data processing module, utilizing a simple processor and memory, can quantify visual distortion in camera observations and extract key parameters for error correction using mathematical methods, providing a basis for accurate analysis of particle sedimentation trajectories. After correction, sedimentation experiments are conducted. The size correction module can transform the observation data into results that approximate actual physical quantities, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental analysis.

[0051] In other words, the device used to correct visual errors in the observation of particle settling process by the camera can not only correct and revise the visual errors in the particle settling process in the transparent cylindrical barrel, but also complete the study of the particle settling process, obtain the trajectory path and related motion parameters of the particle settling, and the accuracy of these parameters and data is high.

[0052] Sedimentation experiments can observe the actual sedimentation motion of particles, obtain dynamic observation data to be corrected, and provide experimental objects and verification basis for subsequent size correction. After completing the experimental setup and error correction parameter calculation, a particle sedimentation experiment was carried out in a transparent cylindrical tank, and the motion trajectory of the particles during the sedimentation process was recorded in real time using a camera.

[0053] Furthermore, the transparent cylindrical container 1 contains a transparent liquid medium, and at least one particle to be observed is placed in the transparent liquid medium. During the experiment, the transparent liquid medium can be water, and the particle is a spherical particle with a diameter of several millimeters. Usually, only one particle needs to be placed for observation.

[0054] Furthermore, the first ruler 2 is a transparent ruler with a precision of at least millimeters, and is vertically adhered to the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical barrel 1. This method of attaching the first ruler with transparent adhesive is relatively simple and convenient, and does not affect the observation. In actual operation, both ends of the first ruler can be attached to ensure that the ruler body is vertically taut, avoiding the need for additional adhesive on the main body.

[0055] Furthermore, the second ruler 3 is a transparent ruler with a precision of at least millimeters, which is vertically suspended in the middle of the transparent cylindrical barrel 1 by a bracket 7, and a counterweight 8 is provided below the second ruler 3.

[0056] The bracket 7 facilitates the suspension of the second ruler 3, and the counterweight 8 helps maintain the second ruler 3 in a vertical state while overcoming the buoyancy of the water, preventing the second ruler 3 from floating and increasing the stability of the second ruler 3. The bracket can be a horizontal bar spanning the transparent cylindrical barrel.

[0057] In some embodiments, the crossbar is provided with buckles at both ends, which are detachably snapped onto the upper end of the wall of the transparent cylindrical barrel to fix the crossbar and prevent it from swaying. The crossbar is provided with a butterfly clip in the middle to vertically hold the second ruler.

[0058] In some embodiments, the upper end face of the transparent cylindrical barrel is provided with a pair of concave slots, and a magnet is provided at the slots. The crossbar is a ferromagnetic metal rod. The crossbar can be attracted to the pair of slots and can maintain the stability and position of the crossbar by itself. When adjustment is needed, it can be slid by hand, making the operation more convenient and more flexible.

[0059] Furthermore, a monochrome soft-light velvet cloth 5 is provided behind the transparent cylindrical barrel 1, and a light source 6 is provided behind the monochrome soft-light velvet cloth 5. In this embodiment, a blue soft-light velvet cloth is selected.

[0060] The monochrome soft light velvet 5 is placed behind the transparent cylindrical barrel 1 as a background, and the light source 6 is placed behind the monochrome soft light velvet 5. This provides a suitable lighting environment for the camera to take pictures (avoid using a light source or camera flash set in front, so as not to cause the scale value to be unable to be recognized properly due to excessive light or exposure). It can also enhance the contrast between the particles and the environment, avoid interference from other backgrounds or objects unrelated to the experiment, and facilitate the identification of particles and the clear acquisition of the scale values ​​of the first scale 2 and the second scale 3. Example 2

[0061] This embodiment provides a method for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle settling processes. The method uses the apparatus described in Embodiment 1 for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle settling processes, combined with... Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Set up the basic environment for the particle sedimentation experiment, determine the observation area of ​​the particle sedimentation experiment, inject water into the transparent cylindrical barrel 1 and add the particles to be observed.

[0063] Step 2: Use the camera 4 to capture and record images of the first scale 2 and the second scale 3 within the sedimentation area to be observed in the transparent cylindrical barrel 1, and obtain digital images of the first scale 2 and the second scale 3 inside and outside the transparent cylindrical barrel.

[0064] Step 3: The data processing module analyzes the digital image using image processing software. Using the scale of the first ruler 2 as a reference, it performs pixel-level measurements on the image of the second ruler 3 to obtain the image length dataset of the second ruler 3. The image length dataset of the second ruler 3 is then compared with the actual length dataset of the second ruler 3 to calculate the size correction coefficient. α .

[0065] Step 4: Obtain the size correction factor α Then, a particle settling experiment was carried out in the transparent cylindrical barrel, and the camera was used to record the movement trajectory of the particles in real time during the settling process.

[0066] This step allows for the observation of actual particle settling scenarios, obtaining dynamic observation data to be corrected, providing experimental objects and a basis for verification for subsequent size correction, and ensuring the effectiveness of the correction method in practical applications. After completing the experimental setup and error correction parameter calculation, a particle settling experiment is conducted in a transparent cylindrical tank, and the motion trajectory of the particles during the settling process is recorded in real time using a camera, so that the particle motion trajectory parameters can be extracted by combining video analysis software with the first scale.

[0067] Step 5: Based on the size correction factor α The particle settling motion process observed by the camera is corrected to eliminate visual errors and output the true particle motion parameters.

[0068] This method utilizes the first and second scales, along with quantifiable comparative analysis, to accurately determine visual errors when a camera captures particles inside a transparent cylindrical container. It avoids observation errors caused by the presence of the transparent cylindrical container and its internal water. Furthermore, it eliminates the need to measure multiple parameters such as the container's wall thickness, refractive index, and angle of incidence, and perform complex optical calculations to obtain relatively accurate observation data. This method is not only simple and feasible but also avoids introducing new error items, reduces the complexity and time required for computation, and significantly improves the efficiency and effectiveness of particle sedimentation experiments.

[0069] Furthermore, in step 1, a transparent first ruler is deployed on the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical barrel, a transparent second ruler is set inside, the camera is arranged at a distance in front of the transparent cylindrical barrel, and a monochrome soft light cloth and light source are arranged behind the transparent cylindrical barrel to enhance contrast and facilitate camera recognition.

[0070] Furthermore, in step 3, the size correction coefficient in the data processing module α The calculation model is as follows:

[0071] ,

[0072] In the formula, a i m i Let γ be the i-th element of the actual length dataset A and the measured length dataset M of the second scale, respectively. i To assign computational weights to datasets A and M based on the experimental observation area, i is a positive integer. Due to the refractive effect of the transparent cylindrical barrel, the length of the second scale in the image differs from its actual length. This step quantifies this visual distortion through comparative analysis, aiming to extract key parameters for error correction and provide a basis for accurate analysis of particle sedimentation trajectories.

[0073] Furthermore, in the particle sedimentation experiment, the motion trajectory recorded by the camera is extracted and analyzed using video analysis software in conjunction with the first scale.

[0074] Furthermore, the size correction factor obtained in step 5 α Multiply by the observed sedimentation displacement Z of the particle observed Thus, the actual settling displacement Z of the particles is obtained. actual The calculation model for the correction process is: Z actual =α×Z observed This completes the correction of the particle sedimentation process observed by the camera. A size correction coefficient is established. α The system effectively corrects for visual errors caused by the transparent cylindrical barrel, ensuring that the particle settling displacement and other data obtained by the settling experiment module are accurate and reliable, providing high-quality evidence for relevant scientific research and industrial production. Example 3

[0075] This embodiment provides a more detailed description of the apparatus and method provided in Embodiments 1 and 2 through several actual experimental procedures.

[0076] In this embodiment, the transparent cylindrical tank has a height of 69cm, an outer diameter of 20cm, and a wall thickness of 0.5cm. The water depth inside the transparent cylindrical tank is 61.5cm, and the particle sedimentation observation range is 20cm below the free surface. A transparent ruler with millimeter precision (i.e., the first ruler) is set on the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical tank; a transparent ruler with millimeter precision (i.e., the second ruler) is set at the center of the transparent cylindrical tank, and a weight is suspended to ensure that the rulers are plumb in the water. A blue soft-light velvet cloth is placed behind the transparent cylindrical tank, and a light source is placed behind the velvet cloth.

[0077] Image acquisition: A Nikon D7500 camera was used, equipped with an AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-200mm f / 3.5-5.6G ED lens. The first and second scales within the observation range were photographed, and pixel-level measurement analysis and comparison were performed using ImageJ software.

[0078] Data Processing: Using ImageJ software, with the outer wall scale (first scale) of the transparent cylindrical barrel as a reference, the length of the scale (second scale) at the center of the transparent cylindrical barrel was measured. Multiple measurements yielded lengths of the second scale 2 of 3.581cm, 3.570cm, 3.552cm, 3.548cm, 3.553cm, 3.539cm, 3.546cm, 3.561cm, 3.552cm, 3.545cm, and 3.543cm, totaling 11 measurements. The actual distance for each measurement was 4.000cm (see...). Figures 4-6 Since the dataset acquisition area is almost identical to the particle sedimentation observation area, the same weight is assigned to each data point. Therefore, the size correction factor... α The calculation method is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] The final size correction factor α It is 1.1256.

[0081] Settling Experiment: PA66 spherical particles with a diameter of 4mm were selected for the settling experiment. All particles began to settle from rest underwater. The settling process of all particles was recorded using the aforementioned camera in 4K resolution 30fps video mode. Subsequently, Tracker software was used to analyze the settling process of all particles in the transparent cylindrical tank, using the first scale 1 on the tank wall as a reference.

[0082] Size correction: Size correction coefficients are obtained from the data processing module. α By combining the particle sedimentation process observed in the sedimentation experiment, the actual particle sedimentation process is obtained.

[0083] Compare the settlement process before and after the correction with the theoretical settlement process (see...) Figure 7 The results showed that the corrected settlement process was more in line with the theory, which fully demonstrated the effectiveness and necessity of the method of the present invention.

[0084] Furthermore, similar to Example 3, the particles were replaced with 4mm POM spherical particles, and the correction results were consistent with the theory (see Example 3). Figure 8 This further illustrates the effectiveness of the verification method.

[0085] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle sedimentation processes, characterized in that, include: The experimental setup module is used to build the basic environment for particle sedimentation experiments and determine the observation area for particle sedimentation experiments. The experimental setup module includes a transparent cylindrical barrel, the outer wall of which is provided with a first scale, and the interior of which is provided with a second scale. An image acquisition module is used to convert the physical information of the experimental scene into quantifiable digital images to provide data support for error analysis. The image acquisition module includes at least a camera facing the transparent cylindrical barrel, which captures and acquires the digital images. The data processing module includes at least a processor connected to the image acquisition module, the processor being used to analyze the digital image and extract and process data from the first scale and the second scale in the digital image; Using the scale of the first ruler as a reference, the image length of the second ruler as a dataset, and comparing the image length dataset of the second ruler with the actual length dataset of the second ruler, the size correction coefficient is calculated; A size correction module, connected to the data processing module, corrects the particle settling motion process observed by the camera based on the size correction coefficient obtained by the data processing module, and outputs the true particle motion parameters.

2. The apparatus for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent cylindrical container contains a transparent liquid medium, and at least one particle to be observed is placed in the transparent liquid medium.

3. The apparatus for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first ruler is a transparent ruler with a precision of at least millimeters, and is vertically attached to the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical barrel.

4. The apparatus for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second scale is a transparent scale with a precision of at least millimeters, which is vertically suspended in the middle of the transparent cylindrical barrel by a bracket, and a counterweight is provided below the second scale.

5. The apparatus for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent cylindrical barrel is provided with a monochrome soft light velvet cloth at the back, and a light source is placed behind the monochrome soft light velvet cloth.

6. A method for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle sedimentation processes, characterized in that, The method uses the apparatus for correcting visual errors in camera observations of particle sedimentation processes as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method includes the following steps: Set up the basic environment for the particle sedimentation experiment, determine the observation area for the particle sedimentation experiment, inject water into the transparent cylindrical barrel and add the particles to be observed. The camera is used to capture and record images of the first and second scales within the sedimentation area to be observed in the transparent cylindrical barrel, thereby obtaining digital images of the first and second scales inside and outside the transparent cylindrical barrel. The data processing module analyzes the digital image using image processing software. Using the scale of the first ruler as a reference and the image length of the second ruler as a dataset, it compares the image length dataset of the second ruler with the actual length dataset of the second ruler to calculate a size correction coefficient. α ; Obtain the size correction factor α Then, a particle settling experiment was carried out in the transparent cylindrical barrel, and the camera was used to record the movement trajectory of the particles in real time during the settling process. Based on the size correction factor α The particle settling motion process observed by the camera is corrected to eliminate visual errors and output the true particle motion parameters.

7. The method for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the steps of setting up the basic environment for the particle sedimentation experiment, a transparent first scale is deployed on the outer wall of the transparent cylindrical barrel, a transparent second scale is set inside, the camera is arranged at a distance in front of the transparent cylindrical barrel, and a monochrome soft light cloth and light source are arranged behind the transparent cylindrical barrel.

8. The method for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 6, characterized in that, Size correction coefficient in the data processing module α The calculation model is as follows: ， In the formula, a i , m i Let i be the i-th element of the actual length dataset A and the measured length dataset M of the second scale, respectively. γ i The calculation weights for A and M are assigned according to the experimental observation area, where i is a positive integer.

9. The method for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the particle settling experiment, the motion trajectory recorded by the camera is extracted and analyzed by video analysis software in conjunction with the first scale.

10. The method for correcting visual errors in camera observation of particle sedimentation processes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The calculation model for the correction process is: Z actual = α ×Z observed In the formula Z observed For the observed sedimentation displacement of particles, Z actual This represents the actual settling displacement of the particles.

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