Integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matters in lubricating oil

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matters in lubricating oil, which belongs to the technical field of sensors, and comprises at least four groups of triboelectric sensors containing different coatings, comprising a triboelectric sensor with a strong magnetic particle response coating, a triboelectric sensor with a weak magnetic particle response coating, a triboelectric sensor with a non-magnetic oleophobic coating and a triboelectric sensor without surface treatment. An energy storage module; a signal processing module; and a user control module. According to the limited integrated sensor system, multiple groups of friction electric sensors are adopted, optimization design is carried out aiming at different particulate matters in lubricating oil, and data integration analysis is carried out through a signal processing module; wherein the surface of the triboelectric sensor is specially designed, so that the detection capability on magnetic particles is enhanced, and the integrated sensor system can distinguish magnetic particles from non-magnetic particles and identify particles with different magnetisms; the user control end is responsible for displaying a real-time detection result and controlling the sensor system; besides, through a signal acquisition processing algorithm and an alarm mechanism of the system, real-time monitoring and early warning of the magnetic particles in the lubricating oil are realized, and the automation and intelligence level of monitoring is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil. Background Art

[0002] In industrial production, lubricating oil is a key factor to ensure the normal operation of equipment, and its quality is directly related to the stability and service life of the equipment. Pollutants in lubricating oil, such as metal abrasives, carbon deposits, and dust, are important indicators of equipment wear and external pollution. Particulate pollutants in lubricating oil cause great harm to equipment. They will enter the interior of the lubrication system, resulting in problems such as abrasive wear, metal indentation and scratching, and metal fatigue. Particulates may be generated during equipment operation, such as fine metal particles. The size of fine particulates is generally in the range of dozens to hundreds of micrometers.

[0003] These particles have a certain hardness and are small enough to pass through the gaps between parts and circulate inside the equipment, causing continuous wear. Particle wear will increase the content of metal powder in the oil. These metal particles will further wear the equipment and may also cause damage to equipment such as bearings, resulting in noise, vibration, or increased energy consumption, and even causing frequent shutdowns and component replacements, seriously affecting production efficiency and safety. In addition, wear particles may also affect the overall performance of the system, and the particles may clog the lubrication system, restricting the flow of lubricating oil, thereby increasing friction and heat generation, and further accelerating the wear process. Moreover, these particles may also damage seals and filters, resulting in lubricating oil contamination.

[0004] Currently, the methods for monitoring oil particulate matter are mainly divided into two categories: offline monitoring and online monitoring. Offline monitoring collects oil samples and sends them to a laboratory for testing and analysis. Offline monitoring mainly uses ferrography and spectral testing. However, since the offline method requires collecting samples for analysis, it is not suitable for real-time monitoring of the operating state of machines. Online monitoring technologies are mainly implemented through methods such as optics, ultrasound, capacitance, inductance, and electromagnetism. The presence of abrasive particles will significantly change the dielectric constant, magnetic permeability, conductivity, and optical properties, etc. in lubricating oil. Online monitoring technologies detect particulate matter by detecting the corresponding characteristic information. Although existing monitoring technologies can provide information on the state of lubricating oil to a certain extent, they often have problems such as low monitoring accuracy, inability to achieve continuous real-time monitoring, sensors being unable to selectively detect particulate matter, and insufficient intelligence level.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a sensor system that can accurately monitor particulate pollutants, which can further promote the development of lubricating oil monitoring technology and improve the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil, comprising:

[0009] At least 4 groups of triboelectric sensors with different coatings, including triboelectric sensors with a strong magnetic particle response coating, triboelectric sensors with a weak magnetic particle response coating, triboelectric sensors with a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating, and triboelectric sensors without any surface treatment;

[0010] An energy storage module for storing the electric energy generated by the triboelectric sensors;

[0011] A signal processing module for integrating the signals from the triboelectric sensors and performing signal processing through a signal processing algorithm;

[0012] A user control module, including a user interface, for converting the electrical signals obtained by the signal processing module into an output current to display the real-time detection results of magnetic particles in the lubricating oil; and for controlling different modules of the integrated sensor system.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The integrated sensor system defined by the present invention uses multiple groups of triboelectric sensors, optimizes the design for different particulate matters in the lubricating oil, and performs data integration and analysis through a signal processing module; the surfaces of the triboelectric sensors are specially designed to enhance the detection ability for magnetic particles, including magnetic surfaces, unmodified surfaces, oil-repellent surfaces, etc. In addition, the triboelectric sensors disclosed in the present invention can distinguish magnetic and non-magnetic particles and identify particles with different magnetic properties; the user control module is responsible for displaying the real-time detection results and controlling the sensor system. That is, the integrated sensor system of the present invention realizes the real-time monitoring and early warning of magnetic particles in the lubricating oil through a signal acquisition and processing algorithm and an alarm mechanism, improving the automation and intelligence level of the monitoring.

[0014] Optionally, according to the magnetic strength of the surface coating of the triboelectric sensor, the triboelectric sensors with different coatings are respectively integrated into a triboelectric sensor array;

[0015] Wherein, the triboelectric sensor array includes triboelectric sensors with a strong magnetic particle response coating and triboelectric sensors with a weak magnetic particle response coating, so as to divide the strong magnetic area and the weak magnetic area in the lubricating oil.

[0016] Optionally, the triboelectric sensor without any surface treatment includes an electrode layer and a friction layer.

[0017] Further, the material used for the electrode layer is selected from at least one of gold, silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, chromium, selenium, iron, manganese, platinum, nickel, palladium, copper alloy or aluminum alloy.

[0018] Further, the material used for the friction layer is selected from at least one of polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene chloride acrylonitrile copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polychloroprene, polyisobutylene, polyoxymethylene, polyamide or polyimide.

[0019] Optionally, the preparation processes of the triboelectric sensor with a strong magnetic particle-responsive coating and the triboelectric sensor with a weak magnetic particle-responsive coating are both as follows:

[0020] Add a surfactant and a fluorosilane to a dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles to form an aqueous solution, then spray it on the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dry it to form a magnetic particle-responsive coating, thereby obtaining a triboelectric sensor with an oil-repellent and magnetic particle-responsive coating.

[0021] Further, the surface roughness of the surface with the oil-repellent and magnetic particle-responsive coating is 3 - 5 μm, and the coating thickness is 5 - 15 μm;

[0022] Further, the magnetic nanoparticles include at least one of magnetite particles, manganese ferrite particles, composite metal graphene particles, composite metal oxide particles or composite carbon nanotubes; their particle size is 10 - 100 nm.

[0023] Optionally, when the coating has a strong magnetic particle response, the mass ratio of the magnetic nanoparticles to water in the dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles is 1:20 - 30, and the number of spraying times is 6 times;

[0024] When the coating has a weak magnetic particle response, the mass ratio of the magnetic nanoparticles to water in the dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles is 1:35 - 45, and the number of spraying times is 4 times.

[0025] The present invention forms the distinction between strong and weak magnetisms by controlling the different concentrations and different spraying times of the dispersion liquid solution containing magnetic nanoparticles.

[0026] Further, the surfactant is an anionic fluorocarbon surfactant; and / or

[0027] The fluorosilane is selected from at least one of (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldichlorosilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldimethoxysilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-cyclotrisiloxane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane, heptadecafluorodecyltriethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane.

[0028] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the anionic fluorocarbon surfactant to the fluorosilane is (4 - 7) g∶10 mg.

[0029] Optionally, the preparation process of the triboelectric sensor with a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating is as follows:

[0030] Spray an aqueous solution containing nanoparticles and a surfactant on the surface of the triboelectric sensor to obtain a triboelectric sensor with a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating.

[0031] Further, the nanoparticles are selected from at least one of silica nanoparticles, titanium dioxide particles, polystyrene nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes or composite graphene particles; wherein the particle size of the nanoparticles is 20 - 100 nm.

[0032] Further, in the aqueous solution, the mass ratio of the nanoparticles to water is 1∶30 - 40.

[0033] Optionally, the signal processing algorithm includes at least one of empirical mode decomposition, wavelet transform, low-pass / high-pass filtering or machine learning algorithms.

[0034] Optionally, the user control module further includes an alarm module. When the output current is less than a preset threshold, the alarm module is automatically activated, and the staff can maintain the machine and replace the new lubricating oil.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil disclosed by the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0036] 1. High detection accuracy and self-powered ability: By using different friction materials and electrode designs, the monitoring sensitivity to magnetic particles in lubricating oil is improved; the sensor system is provided with an energy storage module capable of self-power supply, reducing the dependence on external power sources and improving the stability and practicability of the system.

[0037] 2. Selective identification of particulate matter: Through different surface designs, selective monitoring of non-magnetic particles and magnetic particles (including magnetic particles with different magnetisms) can be achieved.

[0038] 3. Real-time Monitoring and Early Warning: The integrated signal recognition module can analyze the content of magnetic particles in lubricating oil in real time and display the real-time detection results through the user interface, improving the automation and intelligence level of monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the triboelectric sensor with a magnetic particle-responsive coating in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a distribution diagram of four groups of triboelectric sensors with coatings having different surface characteristics in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a distribution diagram of four groups of triboelectric sensors with coatings having different surface characteristics in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a signal output result diagram of the integrated sensor system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil;

[0044] Among them, the left figure is 10 μg / mL and the right figure is 50 μg / mL;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a working flow chart of an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to the present invention;

[0047] Among them, 1 - at least four groups of triboelectric sensors with different coatings; 2 - energy storage module; 3 - signal processing module; 4 - user control module; 5 - user interface; 6 - alarm module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0048] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0049] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0051] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0052] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0053] An embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil. This system can operate stably for a long time, achieve real-time monitoring of magnetic particles in lubricating oil, and has high energy output and self-power supply capabilities.

[0054] The preparation method of this integrated sensor system includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) Prepare coatings with different surface characteristics;

[0056] (2) Design a triboelectric sensor to monitor magnetic particles in lubricating oil;

[0057] (3) Construct an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil;

[0058] In step (1), prepare a magnetic coating:

[0059] Select a nano-magnetic material with appropriate magnetism, and its particle size is 10 - 100 nm; the nano-magnetic particles include but are not limited to magnetite particles, manganese tetroxide particles, composite metal graphene particles, composite metal oxide particles, and composite carbon nanotubes;

[0060] Disperse the magnetic nanoparticles in deionized water with a mass ratio of 1∶10 - 40 to form a dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles;

[0061] Under stirring conditions, dissolve an anionic fluorocarbon surfactant and a fluorosilane in the dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles, and continuously stir for 30 - 60 minutes to form a uniform aqueous solution;

[0062] Spray the aqueous solution on the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dry it in the air, and repeat the spraying process to form a magnetic nano-sensing coating;

[0063] To obtain an oil-repellent magnetic coating;

[0064] In some alternative embodiments, the fluorosilane includes but is not limited to (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldichlorosilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldimethoxysilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-cyclotrisiloxane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane, heptadecafluorodecyltriethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane.

[0065] In some alternative embodiments, the surface roughness of the oil-repellent magnetic coating is controlled at 3 - 5 μm, and the coating thickness is 5 - 15 μm to optimize the adsorption ability of the sensor to magnetic particles and the generation of electrical signals.

[0066] In step (1), prepare a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating:

[0067] Disperse the nanoparticles in deionized water with a mass ratio of 1:30 - 40; the particle size of the nanoparticles is 20 - 100 nm;

[0068] Under stirring conditions, dissolve an anionic fluorocarbon surfactant in the solution containing nanoparticles, and continuously stir to form an aqueous solution, and stir for 30 - 60 minutes;

[0069] Spray the aqueous solution on the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dry it in the air, and repeat the spraying process to form a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating;

[0070] In some alternative embodiments, the nanoparticles include, but are not limited to, silica nanoparticles, titanium dioxide particles, polystyrene nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and composite graphene particles.

[0071] In step (2), the triboelectric sensor with different surface property coatings includes an electrode layer, a friction layer, and a coating.

[0072] In some alternative embodiments, the electrode material includes, but is not limited to, gold, silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, chromium, selenium, iron, manganese, platinum, nickel, palladium, copper alloy, or aluminum alloy.

[0073] In some alternative embodiments, the friction layer material includes, but is not limited to, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene chloride acrylonitrile copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polychloroprene, polyisobutylene, polyoxymethylene, polyamide, or polyimide.

[0074] In some alternative embodiments, the coating includes, but is not limited to, different magnetic strength coatings, oleophobic surface coatings only, composite coatings, or combined coatings.

[0075] In some alternative embodiments, the triboelectric sensor (without any surface treatment) consists of a sheet-shaped friction layer and a sheet-shaped electrode. One end of the electrode is grounded, and the formed triboelectric sensor generates a current signal based on the principle of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction.

[0076] The working principle of the multi-group triboelectric sensors with different surface property coatings of the present invention is as follows:

[0077] When the oil level rises, the electrode is partially submerged. According to the electron transfer theory, bound charges are formed between the polytetrafluoroethylene surface and the oil due to the triboelectric effect; due to the asymmetric distribution of charges, free electrons between the electrode and the grounded end transfer, flowing from the grounded end to the electrode until the surface is completely submerged by the oil;

[0078] Conversely, when the oil level drops, the potential distribution changes and flows from the electrode end to the grounded end;

[0079] Magnetic surface adsorption particles are used. Through the adsorption ability of the magnetic nanoparticle layer, magnetic and non-magnetic particles are distinguished. Magnetic particles are more likely to be adsorbed on the surface, causing fluctuations in the electrical signal to achieve the purpose of monitoring;

[0080] Through the adsorption ability of magnetic nanoparticle layers with different surface designs, strong and weak magnetic particles are distinguished. Strong magnetic particles and weak magnetic particles have different adsorption properties and effects on different magnetic surfaces, and different magnetic surface sensors generate different signal fluctuations to achieve selective detection.

[0081] To detect magnetic particulate matter, measure the current of the triboelectric sensor at different magnetic particle contents;

[0082] As the content of magnetic particles increases, the current output signal decreases. When magnetic particles first appear in the oil, the triboelectric sensor can monitor pollutants that are magnetic particles.

[0083] In step (3), the integrated sensor system for selective monitoring of the state of lubricating oil particles includes at least 4 groups of triboelectric sensors (i.e., those with strong and weak magnetic particle responses, an oleophobic surface without ferromagnetic particle response, and a surface without any treatment), an energy storage module, a signal processing module, and a user control module.

[0084] Among them, the signal processing module is used to integrate the signals from each group of triboelectric sensors and perform signal processing through signal processing algorithms.

[0085] The signal processing algorithms include, but are not limited to, empirical mode decomposition, wavelet transform, low-pass / high-pass filtering, machine learning algorithms, etc.

[0086] The user control module includes a user interface for displaying the real-time detection results of magnetic particles in the lubricating oil and controlling different modules of the integrated sensor.

[0087] The integrated sensor system transmits the generated current signal to the user's computer terminal, and through pre-tests, the current signals of pollutant contents under various working conditions are obtained.

[0088] Based on the current or component change trend, early warnings are given for the particle state in the lubricating oil. When the current is less than the preset threshold, the alarm system is automatically activated, and the staff maintains the machine and replaces the new lubricating oil.

[0089] All raw materials used in the present invention are obtained by purchasing in the market. The fluorosilane used in the following examples is purchased from Aladdin, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane is used, with the molecular formula: C 16 F 17 H 19 O3Si, molecular weight: 610.38.

[0090] It should be noted that for the technologies not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention, such as the signal processing module, user control module, user computer terminal, energy storage module, alarm module, etc., conventional means in the prior art can be used, which are not the key points of the invention and will not be elaborated in the embodiments.

[0091] The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below through examples.

[0092] Example 1

[0093] As Figure 6As shown in the figure, an integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil includes four groups of triboelectric sensors 1 (i.e., with strong magnetic particle response, with weak magnetic particle response, with non-magnetic oleophobic coating, and untreated surface), an energy storage module 2, a signal processing module 3, and a user control module 4; the user control module 4 also includes a user interface 5 and an alarm module 6;

[0094] Among them, the preparation process of the four groups of triboelectric sensors with different surface property coatings is as follows:

[0095] (1) Triboelectric sensor with untreated surface

[0096] This triboelectric sensor consists of a flaky copper electrode and a flaky polytetrafluoroethylene friction layer; the electrode and friction layer materials of the following three groups of triboelectric sensors coated with different property coatings are the same as those of this group;

[0097] (2) Triboelectric sensor with strong magnetic particle response coating

[0098] Select magnetic nanomagnetic material magnetite particles with a particle size of 25 nm;

[0099] By dispersing 1 g of magnetic nanoparticles in 30 g of deionized water, a dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles is formed;

[0100] Under stirring conditions, 6 g of anionic fluorocarbon surfactant (Capstone FS-61) and 10 mg of fluorosilane are dissolved in the above dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles, and stirring is continued for 30 minutes to form a uniform aqueous dispersion liquid;

[0101] Then the above aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed on the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dried in air, and the spraying process is repeated 6 times to form a magnetic nanosensing coating;

[0102] The roughness of the coating surface is 5 μm, and the coating thickness is 10 μm;

[0103] (3) Triboelectric sensor with weak magnetic particle response coating

[0104] Select magnetic nanomagnetic material magnetite particles with a particle size of 25 nm;

[0105] By dispersing 1 g of magnetic nanoparticles in 40 g of deionized water, a dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles is formed;

[0106] Under stirring conditions, 6 g of anionic fluorocarbon surfactant (Capstone FS-61) and 10 mg of fluorosilane are dissolved in the above dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles, and stirring is continued for 30 minutes to form a uniform aqueous solution;

[0107] Then, the above aqueous solution was sprayed on the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dried in air. The spraying process was repeated 4 times to form a magnetic nano-sensing coating;

[0108] The roughness of the coating surface was 4 μm, and the coating thickness was 10 μm;

[0109] (4) Triboelectric sensor with a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating

[0110] 1 g of silica nanoparticles was dispersed in 30 g of deionized water; the particle size of the nanoparticles was 25 nm;

[0111] Under stirring conditions, an anionic fluorocarbon surfactant (Capstone FS-61) was dissolved in the solution containing nanoparticles. The ratio of the anionic fluorocarbon surfactant to the nanoparticles was 1:15, and stirring was continued to form an aqueous solution for 60 minutes;

[0112] The aqueous solution was sprayed on the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dried in air. The spraying process was repeated to form a nano oil-repellent coating. The roughness of the coating surface was 5 μm, and the coating thickness was 10 μm.

[0113] The working principle of the integrated sensor system in this embodiment is as follows:

[0114] As Figure 2 shown, the four groups of triboelectric sensors prepared above were inserted into lubricating oil (a cuboid-shaped three-dimensional container), and were arranged according to different coatings, so as to distinguish strong magnetic regions and weak magnetic regions in the lubricating oil. Among them, the triboelectric sensors of the (2)nd and (4)th groups were located in the strong magnetic regions; the triboelectric sensors of the (3)rd and (1)st groups were located in the weak magnetic regions;

[0115] Then, one end of the copper electrode was grounded, and a current signal was generated based on the principle of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction;

[0116] When the oil level rose, the electrode was partially submerged. According to the electron transfer theory, bound charges were formed between the polytetrafluoroethylene surface and the oil due to the triboelectric effect; due to the asymmetric distribution of charges, free electrons between the electrode and the grounded end transferred, flowing from the grounded end to the electrode until the surface was completely submerged by the oil;

[0117] On the contrary, when the oil level dropped, the potential distribution changed and flowed from the electrode end to the grounded end;

[0118] Magnetic surface adsorption particles were used. Through the adsorption ability of the magnetic nanoparticle layer, magnetic and non-magnetic particles were distinguished. Magnetic particles were more likely to be adsorbed on the surface, causing fluctuations in the electrical signal to achieve the purpose of monitoring;

[0119] Distinguish strong and weak magnetic particles through the adsorption capacity of magnetic nanolayers with different surface designs. The adsorption properties and effects of strong and weak magnetic particles on different magnetic surfaces are different, and different magnetic surface sensors generate different signal fluctuations to achieve selective detection.

[0120] To detect magnetic particulate matter, measure the output current of the triboelectric sensor at different magnetic particle contents;

[0121] As the content of magnetic particles increases, the current output signal decreases. When magnetic particles first appear in the oil, the triboelectric sensor can monitor that the pollutant is magnetic particles;

[0122] The signal processing module is used to integrate the signals from each group of triboelectric sensors and perform signal processing using machine learning algorithms;

[0123] The user control module includes a user interface for displaying the real-time detection results of magnetic particles in the lubricating oil and controlling different modules of the integrated sensor;

[0124] The integrated sensor system transmits the generated current signal to the user's computer terminal. Through pre-tests, the current signals of pollutant contents under various working conditions are understood, as Figure 4 shown;

[0125] Based on the current or component change trend, give an early warning of the particle state in the lubricating oil. When the current is less than the preset threshold, the alarm system is automatically activated, and the staff maintains the machine and replaces the new lubricating oil. The overall work process is as Figure 5 shown.

[0126] Example 2

[0127] An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil,

[0128] The difference from Example 1 is that the preparation processes of the 4 groups of triboelectric sensors are different.

[0129] In this embodiment, the preparation processes of four groups of triboelectric sensors with different surface property coatings are as follows:

[0130] (1) Triboelectric sensor with untreated surface

[0131] This triboelectric sensor consists of a flaky aluminum electrode and a flaky polyimide friction layer; the electrode and friction layer materials of the following three groups of triboelectric sensors with coatings are the same as those of this group;

[0132] (2) Triboelectric sensor with a strong magnetic particle-responsive coating

[0133] Select the magnetic nanomagnetic material manganese tetroxide with a particle size of 40 nm;

[0134] Disperse 1 g of magnetic nanoparticles in 30 g of deionized water to form an aqueous solution;

[0135] Under stirring conditions, dissolve anionic fluorocarbon surfactant (Capstone FS-61) and 10 mg of fluorosilane in the solution containing nanoparticles, and continuously stir for 35 minutes to form a uniform aqueous solution;

[0136] Spray the aqueous solution onto the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dry it in air. Repeat the spraying process 6 times to form a magnetic nanosensing coating;

[0137] The roughness of the coating surface is 5 μm, and the coating thickness is 10 μm;

[0138] (3) Triboelectric sensor with a weakly magnetic particle-responsive coating

[0139] Select the magnetic nanomagnetic material manganese tetroxide with a particle size of 40 nm;

[0140] Disperse 1 g of magnetic nanoparticles in 40 g of deionized water to form an aqueous solution;

[0141] Under stirring conditions, dissolve anionic fluorocarbon surfactant (Capstone FS-61) and 10 mg of fluorosilane in the solution containing nanoparticles, and continuously stir for 35 minutes to form a uniform aqueous solution;

[0142] Spray the aqueous solution onto the surface of the triboelectric sensor and dry it in air. Repeat the spraying process 4 times to form a weakly magnetic nanosensing coating;

[0143] The roughness of the coating surface is 4 μm, and the coating thickness is 10 μm;

[0144] (4) Triboelectric sensor with a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating

[0145] Disperse 1 g of silica nanoparticles in 30 g of deionized water; the particle size of the nanoparticles is 40 nm.

[0146] Under stirring conditions, dissolve anionic fluorocarbon surfactant (Capstone FS-61) in the solution containing nanoparticles. The mass ratio of the anionic fluorocarbon surfactant to the nanoparticles is 1:15, and continuously stir to form an aqueous solution for 30 minutes;

[0147] Spray the aqueous solution onto the triboelectric sensing surface and dry it in air. Repeat the spraying process to form a nano oil-repellent coating. The roughness of the coating surface is 5 μm, and the coating thickness is 10 μm.

[0148] The working principle of the integrated sensor system in this embodiment is as follows:

[0149] As Figure 3 shown, the four groups of triboelectric sensors prepared above are inserted into the lubricating oil (pipeline), and are arranged according to different coatings, so as to distinguish strong magnetic regions and weak magnetic regions in the lubricating oil. Among them, the triboelectric sensors of the (2)nd and (4)th groups are located in the strong magnetic regions; the triboelectric sensors of the (3)rd and (1)st groups are located in the weak magnetic regions;

[0150] Then one end of the aluminum electrode is grounded, and a current signal is generated based on the principle of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction;

[0151] When the electrode is partially submerged when contacting the oil, according to the electron transfer theory, bound charges are formed between the surface of the polyimide and the oil due to the triboelectric effect; due to the asymmetric distribution of charges, free electrons between the electrode and the grounded end transfer, flowing from the grounded end to the electrode until the surface is completely submerged by the oil;

[0152] On the contrary, when the oil flows, the potential distribution changes and flows from the electrode end to the grounded end;

[0153] Magnetic surface adsorption particles are used to distinguish magnetic and non-magnetic particles through the adsorption ability of the magnetic nanoparticle layer. Magnetic particles are more likely to be adsorbed on the surface, causing fluctuations in the electrical signal to achieve the purpose of monitoring;

[0154] The adsorption ability of magnetic nanoparticle layers with different surface designs is used to distinguish strong and weak magnetic particles. Strong magnetic particles and weak magnetic particles have different adsorption properties and effects on different magnetic surfaces, and sensors on different magnetic surfaces generate different signal fluctuations to achieve selective detection.

[0155] To detect magnetic particulate matter, measure the current signals of the triboelectric sensors under different magnetic particle contents;

[0156] As the magnetic particle content increases, the current output signal decreases. When magnetic particles first appear in the oil, the triboelectric sensor can monitor that the pollutant is magnetic particles;

[0157] The signal processing module is used to integrate the signals from each group of triboelectric sensors and perform signal processing using machine learning algorithms;

[0158] The user control module includes a user interface, which is used to display the real-time detection results of magnetic particles in the lubricating oil and control different modules of the integrated sensor;

[0159] The integrated sensor system transmits the generated current signal to the user's computer terminal, and through pre-tests, the current signals of pollutant contents under various working conditions are understood;

[0160] According to the current current or component change trend, a warning is given for the particle state in the lubricating oil. When the current is less than the preset threshold, the alarm system is automatically activated, and the staff maintains the machine and replaces the lubricating oil with a new one. The overall work process is as Figure 5 shown.

[0161] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil, characterized in that, Comprising: At least 4 groups of triboelectric sensors with different coatings, including a triboelectric sensor with a strong magnetic particle-responsive coating, a triboelectric sensor with a weak magnetic particle-responsive coating, a triboelectric sensor with a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating, and a triboelectric sensor without surface treatment; An energy storage module for storing the electrical energy generated by the triboelectric sensors; A signal processing module for integrating the signals from the triboelectric sensors and performing signal processing through signal processing algorithms; A user control module, including a user interface, which converts the electrical signals obtained by the signal processing module into an output current for displaying the real-time detection results of magnetic particles in the lubricating oil; and for controlling different modules of the integrated sensor system.

2. The integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein, The preparation processes of the triboelectric sensor with the strong magnetic particle-responsive coating and the triboelectric sensor with the weak magnetic particle-responsive coating are both: Adding a surfactant and a fluorosilane to a dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles to form an aqueous solution, then spraying it on the surface of the triboelectric sensor and drying it to form a magnetic particle-responsive coating, obtaining a triboelectric sensor with an oil-repellent and magnetic particle-responsive coating.

3. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The roughness of the oil-repellent and magnetic particle-responsive coating surface is 3 - 5 μm, and the coating thickness is 5 - 15 μm.

4. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic nanoparticles include at least one of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) particles, manganese oxide (MnO₄) particles, composite metal graphene particles, composite metal oxide particles, or composite carbon nanotubes.

5. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 2, wherein When the coating has a strong magnetic particle response, the mass ratio of magnetic nanoparticles to water in the dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles is 1∶20 - 30, and the spraying times are 6 times; When the coating has a weak magnetic particle response, the mass ratio of magnetic nanoparticles to water in the dispersion liquid containing magnetic nanoparticles is 1∶35 - 45, and the spraying times are 4 times.

6. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 2, wherein, The surfactant is an anionic fluorocarbon surfactant; and / or The fluorosilane is selected from at least one of (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldichlorosilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldimethoxysilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-cyclotrisiloxane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane, perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, heptadecafluorodecyltriethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane.

7. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process of the triboelectric sensor with the non-magnetic oil-repellent coating is: Spraying an aqueous solution containing nanoparticles and a surfactant on the surface of the triboelectric sensor to obtain a triboelectric sensor with a non-magnetic oil-repellent coating.

8. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 7, characterized in that, The nanoparticles are selected from at least one of silica nanoparticles, titanium dioxide particles, polystyrene nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, or composite graphene particles; Among them, the particle size of the nanoparticles is 20 - 100 nm.

9. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing algorithm includes at least one of empirical mode decomposition, wavelet transform, low-pass / high-pass filtering, or machine learning algorithms.

10. An integrated sensor system for selectively monitoring particulate matter in lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The user control module further includes an alarm module. When the output current is less than a preset threshold, the alarm module is automatically activated, and the staff maintains the machine and replaces the lubricating oil with a new one.

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