Satellite communication-oriented high-gain ultra-high-order-mode dielectric antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a satellite communication-oriented high-gain ultra-high-order-mode dielectric antenna, relates to the technical field of microwave communication, and solves the technical problem that an ultra-high-order-mode dielectric resonator antenna in the prior art is difficult to solve that the bandwidth coverage is relatively narrow. According to the technical scheme, the dielectric resonator serves as a radiation body, and compared with a traditional microstrip antenna, the antenna has the advantages of being higher in radiation efficiency, lower in loss and the like. A high-order mode at the 14.6 GHz of the dielectric resonator and a high-order mode at the 15.2 GHz of the dielectric resonator are excited in a slot feed mode; the double-feed slot is used as a resonator to generate a high-order resonance mode at 14.1 GHz; stable high gain in a bandwidth range is realized by exciting a specific high-order mode of the resonator; meanwhile, combining the three resonance modes; according to the invention, stable high gain is realized, and wide bandwidth coverage is realized at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microwave communication, and particularly to a high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication. Background Art

[0002] Satellite communication, as one of the core technologies of modern wireless communication, poses stringent requirements on antenna performance: high gain needs to be achieved in the Ku band (12 - 18 GHz) to ensure long-distance transmission capabilities, stable gain to maintain link reliability, and wide bandwidth to support high-speed data transmission. Traditional antennas such as waveguide antennas have high-gain characteristics but are large in size and complex to process; microstrip antennas are thin and light in structure but have low efficiency and narrow bandwidth. In contrast, dielectric resonator antennas have gradually become a research hotspot for satellite communication antennas due to their advantages such as high radiation efficiency, low loss, and easy excitation of multiple modes. However, traditional DRA designs are mostly limited to the fundamental mode operating state, with inherent defects such as limited impedance bandwidth and insufficient radiation gain, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of Gbps-level transmission rates and beyond-line-of-sight communication in 5G mobile broadband scenarios. High-order modes can break through the performance limitations of the fundamental mode by exciting higher-order electromagnetic field distributions. First of all, higher-order modes expand the effective radiation area by introducing multipole radiation characteristics, making the electric field distribution show multipole oscillation characteristics, thus significantly improving the antenna gain.

[0003] Therefore, dielectric resonator high-order mode antennas and their arrays have become an important direction in the research of current radio frequency front-end devices, and have broad application prospects in the integrated space-air-ground network, high-precision imaging radar, and vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave communication systems.

[0004] The current high-order mode technology still faces two challenges: firstly, the gain improvement of low-order high-order modes relative to the fundamental mode is relatively limited; secondly, the significant bandwidth compression effect caused by the increase in Q value accompanying the application of ultra-high-order modes makes it difficult for most designs to break through the bandwidth threshold and meet the requirements of modern communication systems for broadband high-gain antennas. Future research needs to focus on the high-order mode selection and regulation mechanism, and establish a balanced design criterion among gain improvement, bandwidth characteristics, and size control. By innovating the mode excitation method and structure integration technology, break through the design dilemma of traditional high-order mode antennas that "high gain means narrow bandwidth" and "wide bandwidth means low gain", and provide high-performance antenna solutions for 5G / 6G millimeter-wave communication and satellite communication systems.

[0005] The high-gain dielectric resonator antenna based on ultra-high-order modes for satellite communication is modeled through the three-dimensional magnetic dipole distribution theory, revealing the correlation between the equivalent dipole dimensions and gain of different high-order modes, proposing a three-dimensional parameter optimization method based on mode dimension matching, and achieving stable high gain and wide bandwidth for the dielectric resonator antenna through specific multiple high-order modes; using the narrow beam characteristics of high-order modes, constructing a large-spacing and low-coupling array, suppressing the generation of grating lobes through mode directivity control, verifying the advantages of high integration and high radiation efficiency of high-order mode dielectric resonators in Ku-band satellite communication, providing theoretical support for a new generation of compact high-gain antenna arrays, and designing the dielectric resonator antenna and its array based on this, having stable high gain while achieving wide-band coverage. Thus, the present invention is an effective solution for ultra-high-order mode satellite communication antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the present invention solves the technical problem of narrow bandwidth coverage that is difficult to solve by ultra-high-order mode dielectric resonator antennas in the prior art; a high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication provided by the present invention takes the dielectric resonator as the radiation main body, having advantages such as higher radiation efficiency and lower loss compared with traditional microstrip antennas. Secondly, the proposed dual-resonator hybrid structure can generate three working modes in the range of 13.8 - 15.6 GHz: that is, the high-order mode (TE 223 ) at 14.6 GHz of the dielectric resonator is excited through the slot feeding method, and the high-order mode (TE 421 ) at 15.2 GHz; the dual-feed slot itself acts as a resonator to generate a high-order resonance mode at 14.1 GHz; by exciting specific high-order modes of the resonator, stable high gain within the bandwidth is achieved; at the same time, by combining the above three resonance modes, the problem of narrow bandwidth coverage that is difficult to solve by ultra-high-order mode dielectric resonator antennas is solved; finally, by adopting a specially designed antenna element spacing, the proposed antenna elements can be expanded into an antenna array with low side lobes.

[0007] A high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication provided by the present invention includes: a first ceramic sheet, a first dielectric substrate, a second ceramic sheet, a second dielectric substrate, and a third dielectric substrate arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate are bonded through an adhesive sheet; a metal ground plane is provided between the third dielectric substrate and the adhesive sheet. A dual-feed slot is etched on the metal ground plane. A copper-plated groove is opened on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate at the center of the first ceramic sheet.

[0008] Furthermore, a microstrip line for port feeding is provided on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate.

[0009] Furthermore, the relative dielectric constants ε of the first ceramic sheet and the second ceramic sheetr = 45.

[0010] Furthermore, the relative dielectric constants ε of the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, and the third dielectric substrate r < 4.

[0011] Furthermore, the first ceramic sheet and the second ceramic sheet, as well as the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, jointly form a stacked dielectric resonator.

[0012] Furthermore, the radio frequency excitation signal is fed in by a microstrip line and feeds the antenna structure located thereon through slot coupling.

[0013] Furthermore, the dielectric structure of the antenna except for the microstrip line is symmetric about the Y-axis; the first ceramic sheet is of H type.

[0014] The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0015] 1. A high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication provided by the present invention, by exciting an ultra-high-order mode dielectric resonator antenna structure through slot feeding, achieves an impedance bandwidth of 13.8 - 15.6 GHz and an in-band gain of 12.4 - 13.6 dBi. While achieving stable high gain, it has a relatively wide bandwidth coverage; at the same time, the unit pattern of the present invention has a relatively narrow beam width, and even at a relatively large array spacing, it also has the characteristic of low side lobes. Therefore, the present invention can be expanded into an antenna array to further improve the gain.

[0016] 2. A high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication provided by the present invention, through the slot feeding method, excites the high-order modes (TE 223 ) and high-order modes (TE 421 ) of the dielectric resonator as well as the slot high-order mode. This structure has both stable high gain and sufficient bandwidth; at the same time, the unit design has a relatively narrow beam width, and its array design can have the characteristic of low side lobes at a large array spacing; the design of this antenna as a high-gain fixed beam antenna operating in the Ku band can be well adapted to the field of satellite communication.

[0017] 3. For a high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication provided by the present invention, since the gain enhancement ability of the low-order high-order modes is restricted by physical mechanism limitations, the gain improvement amplitude relative to the fundamental mode is relatively limited; the high Q value of the ultra-high-order modes leads to serious bandwidth compression, and the gain stability of the multi-ultra-high-order modes working together is poor; the size of the ultra-high-order mode antenna unit is relatively large, resulting in difficulty in expanding into an array design. Based on this, this solution proposes a structure based on the cooperation of multi-ultra-high-order modes, which takes into account both stable high gain and bandwidth coverage; benefiting from the narrow beam characteristics of the antenna unit, its array design can have the characteristic of low side lobes at a large spacing.

[0018] 4. A high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication provided by the present invention uses a dielectric resonator as the radiation main body, and has advantages such as higher radiation efficiency and lower loss compared with traditional microstrip antennas. Secondly, the dual-resonator hybrid structure proposed by this design can generate three working modes in the range of 13.8 - 15.6 GHz: that is, the high-order mode (TE 223 ) at 14.6 GHz of the dielectric resonator is excited through the slot feeding method, and the high-order mode (TE 421 ) at 15.2 GHz; the dual-feed slot itself acts as a resonator to generate a high-order resonance mode at 14.1 GHz; by exciting specific high-order modes of the resonator, stable high gain within the bandwidth is achieved; at the same time, by combining the above three resonance modes, the problem of narrow bandwidth coverage that is difficult to solve for ultra-high-order mode dielectric resonator antennas is solved; finally, by adopting a specially designed antenna element spacing, the proposed antenna element can be expanded into an antenna array with low side lobes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, (a) is an exploded view, (b) is a side view, (c) is a top view, and (d) is a bottom view;

[0021] Figure 2 is the simulation result of |S 11 | and gain of the antenna element of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is the radiation pattern of the antenna proposed by the present invention at different resonance frequencies (a) 14.1 GHz, (b) 14.6 GHz, (c) 15.1 GHz;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the 1×4 antenna array of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is the simulation result diagram of |S 11 | and gain of the 1×4 antenna array of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is the main polarization pattern in the H plane at 14.6 GHz.

[0026] Description of reference numerals:

[0027] 1. First ceramic sheet; 2. Copper-plated groove; 3. First dielectric substrate; 4. Second ceramic sheet; 5. Second dielectric substrate; 6. Adhesive sheet; 7. Metal ground plane; 8. Gap; 9. Third dielectric substrate; 10. Microstrip line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Figure 1 A high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication provided in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, including: high dielectric constant (relative dielectric constant ε r =45) of the first ceramic sheet 1 and the second ceramic sheet 4, low dielectric constant (relative dielectric constant ε r <4) of the first dielectric substrate 3, the second dielectric substrate 5, the third dielectric substrate 9, the bonding sheet 6 for bonding the second dielectric substrate 5 and the third dielectric substrate 9, a copper-plated groove 2 is opened in the center of the first ceramic sheet 1 and on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 3, a metal ground plane 7 with etched dual-feed slots 8 is arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 9, and a microstrip line 10 for port feeding is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 9. The present invention realizes a wide bandwidth coverage in the Ku band while achieving stable high gain, and has great practical value in the field of satellite communications.

[0031] Above the metal ground plane 7 is the overall structure of the satellite communication dielectric resonator antenna proposed by the present invention. First, the high dielectric constant first ceramic sheet 1 and the second ceramic sheet 4 and the low dielectric constant first dielectric substrate 3 and the second dielectric substrate 5 located on the top layer together form a stacked dielectric resonator. The RF excitation signal is fed into the bottom microstrip line 10 and is coupled to the antenna structure located thereon through the slot 8. Through slot excitation, the two ultra-high-order modes (TE 223 With TE 421) are excited and operate at 14.6 GHz and 15.2 GHz respectively; the feeding slot 8 is not only part of the feeding structure, but also participates in radiation as a resonator itself, providing a resonance point at 14.1 GHz; thus, there are three resonance modes in the Ku-band range, achieving a relatively wide bandwidth coverage. At the same time, benefiting from the use of higher-order modes, the antenna can achieve stable high gain within the bandwidth.

[0032] The dielectric structure of the antenna except for the microstrip line 10 is symmetric about the Y-axis; the first ceramic sheet 1 is of H-type; the differential microstrip line 10 introduces an equal-amplitude and anti-phase excitation signal (i.e., differential mode signal) through a differential feeding network. During operation, the structure realizes stable broadside radiation through the following mechanism:

[0033] Common-mode suppression: The symmetric layout of the microstrip line can effectively suppress the common-mode current (i.e., the signal with the same amplitude and the same phase), avoiding its excitation of parasitic modes or radiation nulls in the broadside direction caused by phase mismatch;

[0034] Differential-mode enhancement: The differential-mode signal (equal amplitude and anti-phase) excites the double slots to generate in-phase oscillating currents, forming an equivalent binary slot array, enhancing the radiation directivity through superposition, and at the same time enabling the TE 223 and TE 421 modes to achieve in-phase superposition.

[0035] This design enables the dielectric resonator (DRA) to achieve in-phase superposition of the field distributions in the TE 223 / TE 421 and other higher-order modes, ultimately ensuring that the antenna generates a stable broadside radiation pattern within a wide frequency band and suppressing non-broadside interference modes.

[0036] The first ceramic sheet (the main body of the dielectric resonator) avoids interference modes and improves gain through the following structure optimization:

[0037] Dielectric constant stability: Select a ceramic material with a high dielectric constant and low loss, and constrain the internal field distribution of the resonator through the material characteristics, making the electric field distributions in the TE 223 / TE 421 modes independent of each other, avoiding electromagnetic coupling interference between adjacent modes.

[0038] This structure realizes the pure excitation of the target mode through mode isolation and field distribution optimization, ensuring the stable high gain of the antenna within the band.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] This embodiment is simulated by HFSS. The dielectric constant of the low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate used in this case is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.009. The structural dimensions are shown in Table 1 below. The dielectric constant of the high-dielectric-constant ceramic sheet is 45, the loss tangent is 0.0019, the thickness of the upper ceramic sheet is 0.3 mm, and the thickness of the lower ceramic sheet is 0.5 mm. The overall cross-sectional height is 3.23 mm (~0.16λ0@15 GHz), and the planar size is 0.83λ0×0.93λ0 (~λ0@15 GHz). The transmission response and radiation response of the antenna are as Figure 2 shown, with |S 11 |≤-10 dB as the standard, the obtained bandwidth range is above 13.8–15.6 GHz (relative bandwidth > 12.2%), and within the bandwidth coverage range, the gain generated by this antenna after excitation is above 12.4 dBi. Figure 3 are the antenna simulation radiation patterns at 14.1 GHz, 14.6 GHz, and 15.1 GHz. The radiation patterns of the antenna are symmetric, and the cross polarization is better than 32.2 dB within the 3-dB beam range, fully meeting the requirements of high-purity polarized radiation.

[0041] To test the performance of the antenna array design, the antenna element is expanded into a 1×4 antenna array and simulated. The schematic diagram of the array is as Figure 4 shown. The element spacing is 32 mm (1.6λ0@15 GHz). The bandwidth coverage and gain of the antenna array are as Figure 5 shown. It can be found that the simulated impedance bandwidth of the array (|S 11 | < -10 dB) is 11.62% (13.78 - 15.48 GHz), and the simulated in-band gain is 17.4 - 19.2 dB. It can be seen that this design can achieve further gain improvement after being expanded into an array. Figure 6 Shown is the H-plane main polarization radiation pattern of the antenna array at 14.6 GHz. It can be found that this design can also maintain good side-lobe suppression at a relatively large array spacing.

[0042] Table 1: Antenna structure parameter table

[0043] Name <![CDATA[a1]]> <![CDATA[a2]]> <![CDATA[b1]]> <![CDATA[b2]]> <![CDATA[l f1 > <![CDATA[l m > <![CDATA[l s > <![CDATA[w f1 > <![CDATA[w f2 > <![CDATA[w f3 > <![CDATA[w f4 > <![CDATA[w f5 > Dimensions (mm) 17 6.5 19 6 1.9 8.75 12.5 0.6 1.6 0.6 1.25 1.5 Name <![CDATA[w f6 > <![CDATA[w m > <![CDATA[w s > <![CDATA[h1]]> <![CDATA[h2]]> <![CDATA[h3]]> <![CDATA[h4]]> <![CDATA[h5]]> <![CDATA[h pre > <![CDATA[G1]]> <![CDATA[G2]]> Dimensions (mm) 1.5 1 0.2 0.3 1.57 0.5 0.508 0.254 0.1 30 35

[0044] Obviously, the above embodiments are only examples clearly described and not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication, characterized in that, Including: A first ceramic chip (1), a first dielectric substrate (3), a second ceramic chip (4), a second dielectric substrate (5), and a third dielectric substrate (9) arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the second dielectric substrate (5) is bonded to the third dielectric substrate (9) through an adhesive sheet (6); a metal ground plane (7) is provided between the third dielectric substrate (9) and the adhesive sheet (6).

2. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 1, wherein A dual-feed slot (8) is etched on the metal ground plane (7).

3. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 2, characterized in that, A copper-plated groove (2) is formed at the center of the first ceramic chip (1) and on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (3).

4. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 3, characterized in that, A microstrip line (10) for port feeding is provided on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate (9).

5. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 4, characterized in that The relative dielectric constant ε of the first ceramic sheet (1) and the second ceramic sheet (4) r = 45.

6. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 5, characterized in that The relative dielectric constants ε of the first dielectric substrate (3), the second dielectric substrate (5), and the third dielectric substrate (9) r <4.

7. The high-gain ultra-high order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 6, wherein The first ceramic chip (1) and the second ceramic chip (4), and the first dielectric substrate (3) and the second dielectric substrate (5) together form a stacked dielectric resonator.

8. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 7, characterized in that The radio frequency excitation signal is fed in through the microstrip line (10) and coupled through the slot (8) to feed the antenna structure located thereon.

9. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dielectric structure of the antenna except the microstrip line (10) is symmetric about the Y axis.

10. The high-gain ultra-high-order mode dielectric antenna for satellite communication according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first ceramic chip (1) is in an H shape.

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