Melting catalyst for preparing carbon material from sludge pyrolysis gas as well as preparation method and application of melting catalyst

Abstract

The invention discloses a molten catalyst for preparing a carbon material from sludge pyrolysis gas as well as a preparation method and application of the molten catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of oil-containing slurry treatment. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a catalyst by using metal Al and metal Sn as raw materials; the oil-containing slurry is subjected to a drying reaction to generate hydrocarbon gas, and then the hydrocarbon gas reacts with the molten catalyst to generate the carbon material. By adopting the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the yield of the carbon material is high, the carbon material can be used as a filtrate reducer of the drilling fluid, the filter loss of the carbon material is less than 6mL, and the stability of the drilling fluid can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of oily mud treatment, and particularly relates to a molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the oil extraction industry, the reasonable disposal of oily mud is a crucial task. With the continuous improvement of environmental protection standards and the increasing attention of the public to environmental issues, the correct treatment of oily mud has become an issue that enterprises have to pay attention to. At present, the treatment technologies for oily mud cover multiple fields such as physical separation, chemical treatment, biodegradation, heat treatment, and solidification stabilization. Although there are a variety of treatment methods, many challenges still exist in actual operation. The primary problem is the excessively high treatment cost, which particularly poses a major obstacle to small oil fields or projects located in remote areas. In addition, the treatment effect is directly affected by the composition of the mud, and different types of oily mud require different treatment strategies, which puts forward higher requirements for the selection and optimization of technical solutions. It is worth noting that some treatment processes may generate new wastes or by-products, and these substances also need to be properly treated to meet environmental protection requirements. With the increasingly strict relevant regulations, ensuring that the treated mud meets the discharge standards has also become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, the future development of oily mud treatment technology will focus on achieving higher efficiency, lower cost, and better environmental compatibility. At the same time, accelerating the research and application of new treatment technologies to adapt to the continuously upgraded environmental protection standards will become the key development direction in this field.

[0003] The molten metal catalyst can provide high catalytic activity under high temperature and high pressure conditions because the metal in the liquid state has a large contact area and can come into contact with reactants more effectively. And it can significantly improve the selectivity of the target product and reduce the occurrence of side reactions. However, the use of molten metal catalysts also faces challenges, such as the safety issues of high-temperature operation, the high requirements for equipment materials, dependence on external hydrogen supply, and possible environmental pollution. Therefore, in practical applications, various factors need to be comprehensively considered to determine whether to adopt such catalysts. With the continuous growth of global energy demand, the exploitation of oil and gas has become an important energy strategy. In the process of deep well and ultra-deep well drilling, water-based drilling fluids are widely used due to their environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. However, the high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-salinity environment poses higher requirements for the stability and performance of water-based drilling fluids. The filtration loss control of drilling fluids has become one of the key factors to ensure the smooth progress of drilling operations. During the drilling process, the use of filtration loss reducers can effectively reduce the filtration loss of drilling fluids into the formation, maintain the stability and fluidity of drilling fluids, and thus improve the drilling speed and efficiency. Carbon materials can effectively reduce the filtration loss due to their special physical and chemical properties (such as high specific surface area, good adsorption performance, etc.). By reducing the leakage of liquid components in drilling fluids into the formation, it is possible to avoid or mitigate the damage to the formation structure, prevent formation pollution, which is of great significance for protecting the original state of oil and gas reservoirs and maintaining their production capacity. Carbon materials have a relatively low impact on the environment after use due to their easy biodegradability or small environmental impact, which is in line with the development trend of green drilling. Although the cost of some high-performance carbon materials is relatively high, considering factors such as their ability to significantly improve drilling efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and potentially lower subsequent treatment costs, in the long run, using these materials may be a more economical choice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention discloses a molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas, its preparation method and application, so as to solve the technical problems of complex operation process, high cost and low resource utilization rate of the treatment products in the prior art when using the molten metal method to treat oil-containing mud.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a preparation method of a molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas, which includes the following steps: S1: Mix the cleaned Al and Sn and melt them to obtain an Al-Sn alloy; S2: Immerse the Al-Sn alloy in a saturated potassium hydroxide solution for 5-9 h, and then dry it; S3: Immerse the dried Al-Sn alloy in metal salts at 300-500 °C for 4-8 h to obtain it; the metal salts include iron nitrate, nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0007] Further, in step S1, the cleaning method is to clean Al and Sn successively with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water; the mass ratio of Al to Sn is 30 - 60:30 - 60; the melting temperature is 600 - 650 °C.

[0008] Further, in step S2, the drying temperature is 60 - 70 °C, and the drying time is 3 - 3.2 h.

[0009] Further, in step S3, the mass ratio of the Al - Sn alloy to the metal salt is 1:1 - 20; the mass ratio of iron nitrate, nickel nitrate, and cobalt nitrate in the metal salt is 3:4:4.

[0010] The present invention also discloses the application of the molten catalyst for carbon materials prepared from sludge cracking gas in the preparation of carbon materials using sludge.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0012] The preparation of carbon materials is carried out using a carbon material preparation device, which includes a drying reaction chamber, a molten metal reaction pool, an oily - water sludge tank, and a dry sludge bin; the drying reaction chamber is provided with a nozzle, an air inlet hole, and an air outlet hole; the bottom of the drying reaction chamber is connected to the dry sludge bin through a screw conveyor; the drying reaction chamber is provided with a gravity detector and a humidity sensor; the oily - water sludge tank is connected to the nozzle through a pipeline provided with a pump; the air outlet hole is connected to a gas storage tank through a pipeline, and the gas storage tank is connected to the molten metal reaction pool through a pipeline provided with a flow meter; at the end of the pipeline inside the molten metal reaction pool, there is an aeration disc, and inside the molten metal reaction pool, there is a carbon storage bin and a rotating blade, and the height of the rotating blade is higher than that of the carbon storage bin; The preparation of carbon materials includes the following steps: (I): Preheat the drying reaction chamber to 200 °C, then water vapor is introduced into the drying reaction chamber through the air inlet hole, and the total flow rate of the water vapor is 20 - 40 L; (II): The oily sludge in the oily - water sludge tank passes through the pump and enters the drying reaction chamber through the nozzle. The mass of the oily sludge in the drying reaction chamber is monitored by the gravity detector, and the humidity of the oily sludge is monitored by the humidity sensor; the oily sludge undergoes a drying reaction at 200 °C, and the hydrocarbon gas generated by the drying reaction enters the gas storage tank through the air outlet hole, and the dry material generated by the drying reaction is conveyed to the dry sludge bin through the screw conveyor; (3): Place the molten catalyst for carbon material preparation from sludge cracking gas at the bottom of the molten metal reaction tank. Preheat the molten metal reaction tank to 600 - 900 °C, and then pass the hydrocarbon gas in the gas storage tank through the end of the conduit at a flow rate of 2 - 8 L / min via a flow meter. After passing through the aeration disk, it reacts with the molten liquid catalyst in the form of small bubbles. The carbon produced by the reaction has a density lower than that of the molten catalyst, and then the carbon floats up and is collected by the rotating blade and enters the carbon storage bin.

[0013] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0014] Further, the flow rate of water vapor is 2 - 5 L / min.

[0015] Further, close the suction pump when the mass of the oily mud in the drying reaction bin is greater than 50 kg; end the drying reaction when the humidity of the oily mud is less than 10%; the rotation speed of the rotating blade is 10 r / min.

[0016] Further, the number of nozzles is 12, and the nozzles are arranged at the top of the drying reaction bin; the length of the pipeline with a flow meter extending into the molten metal reaction tank is 7 / 10 of the height of the molten metal reaction tank.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention realizes the resource utilization of oily mud, reduces the process flow, lowers the treatment cost, improves the economic value of oily mud, and there is no external hydrogen input in the method of preparing carbon materials using the catalyst. Moreover, the product carbon is easily separated from the liquid metal, avoiding the risk of secondary pollution.

[0018] 2. The thickness of the carbon material prepared in the present invention is 8 - 10 nm, which can be used as a filtration loss reducer for water-based drilling fluids, and its filtration loss is less than 6 mL. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the reaction device for preparing carbon materials using oily sludge. Among them, 1. Drying reaction bin; 2. Molten metal reaction tank; 3. Oil-water sludge tank; 4. Dry sludge bin; 5. Suction pump; 6. Gas storage tank; 7. Flow meter; 21. Aeration disk; 22. Carbon storage bin; 23. Rotating blade; 111. Nozzle; 112. Air inlet hole; 113. Air outlet hole; 114. Screw conveyor belt. Detailed Embodiments

[0020] The structural diagram of the reaction device for preparing carbon materials using oily sludge in the present invention is as Figure 1As shown in the figure, it includes a drying reaction chamber 1, a molten metal reaction tank 2, an oily sludge tank 3, and a dry sludge bin 4. There are 12 nozzles 111 arranged at the top of the drying reaction chamber 1. Air inlets 112 and air outlets 113 are arranged on the side wall of the drying reaction chamber 1. The bottom of the drying reaction chamber 1 communicates with the dry sludge bin 4 through a screw conveyor 114. A gravity detector is arranged between the chamber body of the drying reaction chamber and the base for monitoring the mass of the oily mud in the chamber. A humidity sensor is arranged on the side wall of the drying reaction chamber 1 for detecting the water vapor humidity. The oily sludge tank 3 is connected to the nozzle 111 through a pipeline provided with a pump 5. The air outlet 113 is connected to a gas storage tank 6 through a pipeline, and the gas storage tank 6 is connected to the molten metal reaction tank 2 through a pipeline provided with a flow meter 7. The pipeline provided with the flow meter 7 extends into the molten metal reaction tank 2, and the length of this part of the pipeline is 7 / 10 of the height of the molten metal reaction tank 2, and an aeration disc 21 is arranged at the end of the pipeline. A carbon storage bin 22 and a rotating blade 23 are arranged inside the molten metal reaction tank 2. The pipeline inside the molten metal reaction tank 2 radially penetrates the driving shaft of the rotating blade 23, and the height of the rotating blade 23 is higher than that of the carbon storage bin 22.

[0021] The following will make a detailed description of the specific implementation manners of the present invention in combination with embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment 1 A method for preparing carbon materials from oily sludge, the method comprising the following steps: ① Preparation of a molten catalyst for carbon materials from sludge cracking gas S1: Take 30 parts by mass of Al and 60 parts by mass of Sn, and wash them successively with acetone, ethanol and deionized water to remove organic pollutants on the metal surface. Then add the washed Al and Sn into a melting furnace in sequence and carry out melting at 600 °C. After Al and Sn are completely melted, continue to stir until the surface color of the alloy is completely shiny, and then cool down to obtain an Al-Sn alloy. S2: Immerse the Al-Sn alloy in a saturated potassium hydroxide solution for 5 h for alkali corrosion, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven and dry it at 60 °C for 3 h. S3: Immerse the dried Al-Sn alloy in a metal salt (the mass ratio of iron nitrate, nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate is 3:4:4) at 350 °C for 4 h to obtain it; the mass part ratio of the Al-Sn alloy to the metal salt is 1:1 - 10.

[0023] ② Preparation of carbon materials using the molten catalyst for carbon materials from sludge cracking gas (I): Use an arch solar panel to collect heat for the drying reaction chamber 1, preheat the drying reaction chamber to 200 °C, and then pass water vapor into the drying reaction chamber 1 through the air inlet 112 at a flow rate of 5 L / min, and the total water vapor flow rate is 40 L. (2): The oil-containing mud in the oil-water sludge tank 3 enters the drying reaction chamber 1 through the suction pump 5 and the nozzle 111. The mass of the oil-containing mud in the drying reaction chamber 1 is monitored by the gravity detector. When the mass of the oil-containing mud reaches 50 kg, the suction pump 5 is turned off. The oil-containing mud undergoes a drying reaction at 200 °C. The humidity of the oil-containing mud is monitored by the humidity sensor. When the humidity of the oil-containing mud is 9%, the drying reaction ends. The hydrocarbon gas generated by the drying reaction enters the gas storage tank 6 through the air outlet 113. The dry material generated by the drying reaction is conveyed to the dry sludge bin 4 through the spiral conveyor 114. The above process in step (2) runs in a cycle; (3): Place the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas at the bottom of the molten metal reaction tank 2. Use the arch-shaped solar panel to collect heat for the molten metal reaction tank 2 and preheat the molten metal reaction tank 2 to 700 °C. After the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas becomes liquid, then pass the hydrocarbon gas in the gas storage tank 6 through the flowmeter 7 at a flow rate of 3 L / min to the end of the conduit. After passing through the aeration disk 21, it reacts with the liquid molten catalyst in the form of small bubbles. The reaction generates carbon with a density lower than that of the molten catalyst, and then the carbon floats up and is collected into the carbon storage bin 22 through the rotating blade 23. The rotation speed of the rotating blade is 10 r / min.

[0024] Example 2 A method for preparing carbon materials from oil-containing sludge, the method comprising the following steps: ① Prepare the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas S1: Take 60 parts by mass of Al and 30 parts by mass of Sn and wash them successively with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water to remove organic pollutants on the metal surface. Then add the washed Al and Sn to the melting furnace in sequence and conduct melting at 650 °C. After Al and Sn are completely melted, continue stirring until the surface color of the alloy is completely shiny, and then cool down to obtain the Al-Sn alloy; S2: Immerse the Al-Sn alloy in a saturated potassium hydroxide solution for 9 h for alkaline corrosion, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven and dry it at 70 °C for 3.2 h; S3: Immerse the dried Al-Sn alloy in a metal salt (the mass ratio of iron nitrate, nickel nitrate, and cobalt nitrate is 3:4:4) at 300 °C for 8 h to obtain it; the mass part ratio of the Al-Sn alloy to the metal salt is 1:1 to 15.

[0025] ② Prepare carbon materials using the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas (1): Use the arch-shaped solar panel to collect heat for the drying reaction chamber 1 and preheat the drying reaction chamber to 200 °C. Then, water vapor is introduced into the drying reaction chamber 1 through the air inlet 112 at a flow rate of 2 L / min, and the total water vapor flow rate is 30 L; (2): The oil-containing mud in the oil-water sludge tank 3 enters the drying reaction chamber 1 through the suction pump 5 and the nozzle 111. The quality of the oil-containing mud in the drying reaction chamber 1 is monitored by the gravity detector. When the quality of the oil-containing mud reaches 50 kg, the suction pump 5 is closed. The oil-containing mud undergoes a drying reaction at 200 °C. The humidity of the oil-containing mud is monitored by the humidity sensor. When the humidity of the oil-containing mud is 9%, the drying reaction ends. The hydrocarbon gas generated by the drying reaction enters the gas storage tank 6 through the air outlet 113. The dry material generated by the drying reaction is conveyed to the dry sludge bin 4 through the spiral conveyor 114. The above process in step (2) operates in a cycle; (3): Place the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas at the bottom of the molten metal reaction pool 2. Use the arch-shaped solar panel to collect heat from the molten metal reaction pool 2 and preheat the molten metal reaction pool 2 to 600 °C. After the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas becomes liquid, then pass the hydrocarbon gas in the gas storage tank 6 through the flowmeter 7 at a flow rate of 2 L / min through the end of the conduit, and after passing through the aeration disc 21, react with the liquid molten catalyst in the form of small bubbles. The carbon generated by the reaction has a density lower than that of the molten catalyst, and then the carbon floats up and is collected into the carbon storage bin 22 through the rotating blade 23. The rotating speed of the rotating blade is 10 r / min.

[0026] Example 3 A method for preparing carbon materials using oily sludge, the method comprising the following steps: ① Prepare the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas S1: Take 50 parts by mass of Al and 50 parts by mass of Sn, and wash them successively with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water to remove organic pollutants on the metal surface. Then add the washed Al and Sn to the melting furnace in sequence and carry out melting at 600 °C. After Al and Sn are completely melted, continue stirring until the surface color of the alloy is completely shiny, and then cool down to obtain the Al-Sn alloy; S2: Immerse the Al-Sn alloy in a saturated potassium hydroxide solution for 7 h for alkali corrosion, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven and dry it at 60 °C for 3 h; S3: Immerse the dried Al-Sn alloy in a metal salt (the mass ratio of iron nitrate, nickel nitrate, and cobalt nitrate is 3:4:4) at 500 °C for 6 h to obtain it; the mass part ratio of the Al-Sn alloy to the metal salt is 1:1 to 20.

[0027] ② Use the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from sludge cracking gas to prepare carbon materials (1): Use the arch-shaped solar panel to collect heat from the drying reaction chamber 1 and preheat the drying reaction chamber to 200 °C. Then, water vapor is introduced into the drying reaction chamber 1 through the air inlet 112 at a flow rate of 3 L / min, and the total flow rate of water vapor is 20 L; (2): The oil-containing mud in the oil-water sludge tank 3 enters the drying reaction chamber 1 through the suction pump 5 and the nozzle 111. The quality of the oil-containing mud in the drying reaction chamber 1 is monitored by the gravity detector. When the quality of the oil-containing mud reaches 50 kg, the suction pump 5 is closed. The oil-containing mud undergoes a drying reaction at 200 °C. The humidity of the oil-containing mud is monitored by the humidity sensor. When the humidity of the oil-containing mud is 9%, the drying reaction ends. The hydrocarbon gas generated by the drying reaction enters the gas storage tank 6 through the air outlet 113. The dry material generated by the drying reaction is conveyed to the dry sludge bin 4 through the spiral conveyor 114. The above process in step (2) runs in a cycle; (3): Place the molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas at the bottom of the molten metal reaction pool 2. Use the arch-shaped solar panel to collect heat for the molten metal reaction pool 2 and preheat the molten metal reaction pool 2 to 900 °C. After the molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas becomes liquid, then pass the hydrocarbon gas in the gas storage tank 6 through the flowmeter 7 at a flow rate of 8 L / min to the end of the conduit. After passing through the aeration disk 21, it reacts with the liquid molten catalyst in the form of small bubbles. The carbon generated by the reaction has a density lower than that of the molten catalyst, and then the carbon floats up and is collected into the carbon storage bin 22 through the rotating blade 23. The rotation speed of the rotating blade is 10 r / min.

[0028] Comparative Example The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the total water vapor flow rate in step (1) is 10 L.

[0029] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the molten metal reaction pool 2 is preheated to 500 °C in step (3).

[0030] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the flow rate of the hydrocarbon gas in step (3) is 10 L / min.

[0031] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that step S3 is omitted when preparing the molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas.

[0032] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that only 90 parts by mass of Al is used to prepare the catalyst.

[0033] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that when preparing the molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas, the soaking time of the Al-Sn alloy in the saturated potassium hydroxide solution in step S2 is 2 h.

[0034] The difference between Comparative Example 7 and Example 1 is that when preparing the molten catalyst for preparing carbon materials from sludge cracking gas, the dried Al-Sn alloy is impregnated in the metal salt at 800 °C in step S3.

[0035] The difference between Comparative Example 8 and Example 1 lies in that when preparing the molten catalyst for carbon materials from sludge cracking gas, in step S3, the mass ratio of iron nitrate, nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate in the metal salt is 2:1:7.

[0036] Experimental Example ① The statistical results of the carbon material production and thickness prepared in each example and comparative example are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1

[0038] It can be seen from Table 1 that the carbon production in the examples is significantly higher than that in the comparative examples during the same period, and the thickness of the carbon products is also significantly smaller than that in the comparative examples.

[0039] ② The carbon materials prepared in the examples and comparative examples were used as fluid loss reducers for water-based drilling fluids, and the fluid loss volume results after 30 minutes are shown in Table 2.

[0040] Table 2

[0041] It can also be seen from Table 2 that when the carbon materials prepared in the examples are used as fluid loss reducers, their fluid loss volume is less, which can ensure the stability of the drilling fluid.

[0042] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention have been described in detail in combination with the examples, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts still fall within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a molten catalyst for carbon materials from sludge cracking gas, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Mix the cleaned Al and Sn and melt them to obtain an Al-Sn alloy; S2: Immerse the Al-Sn alloy in a saturated potassium hydroxide solution for 5-9 h, and then dry it; S3: Immerse the dried Al-Sn alloy in a metal salt at 300-500 °C for 4-8 h to obtain it; the metal salt includes iron nitrate, nickel nitrate, and cobalt nitrate.

2. The preparation method of the molten catalyst for carbon materials from sludge cracking gas according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the cleaning method is to clean Al and Sn successively with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water; the mass ratio of Al and Sn is 30-60:30-60; the melting temperature is 600-650 °C.

3. The preparation method of the molten catalyst for carbon materials from sludge cracking gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the drying temperature is 60-70 °C, and the drying time is 3-3.2 h.

4. The preparation method of the molten catalyst for carbon materials from sludge cracking gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the mass ratio of the Al-Sn alloy to the metal salt is 1:1-20; the mass ratio of iron nitrate, nickel nitrate, and cobalt nitrate in the metal salt is 3:4:

4.

5. The molten catalyst for carbon materials prepared from sludge cracking gas prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The application of the molten catalyst for carbon materials prepared from sludge cracking gas according to claim 5 in the preparation of carbon materials using oily sludge.

7. The application according to claim 6, wherein The preparation of carbon materials is carried out using a carbon material preparation device, and the carbon material preparation device includes a drying reaction chamber (1), a molten metal reaction pool (2), an oily water sludge tank (3), and a dry sludge bin (4); the drying reaction chamber (1) is provided with a nozzle (111), an air inlet hole (112), and an air outlet hole (113); the bottom of the drying reaction chamber (1) communicates with the dry sludge bin (4) through a spiral conveyor belt (114); the drying reaction chamber (1) is provided with a gravity detector and a humidity sensor; the oily water sludge tank (3) is connected to the nozzle (111) through a pipeline provided with a pump (5); the air outlet hole (113) is connected to a gas storage tank (6) through a pipeline, and the gas storage tank (6) is connected to the molten metal reaction pool (2) through a pipeline provided with a flow meter (7); the end of the pipeline in the molten metal reaction pool (2) is provided with an aeration disc (21), and a carbon storage bin (22) and a rotating blade (23) are arranged inside the molten metal reaction pool (2); the height of the rotating blade (23) is higher than that of the carbon storage bin (22); The preparation of carbon materials includes the following steps: (I): Preheat the drying reaction chamber (1) to 200 °C, and then pass water vapor into the drying reaction chamber (1) through the air inlet hole (112), and the total flow rate of water vapor is 20-40 L; (II): The oily mud in the oily water sludge tank (3) passes through the pump (5) and enters the drying reaction chamber (1) through the nozzle (111). The mass of the oily mud in the drying reaction chamber (1) is monitored by the gravity detector, and the humidity of the oily mud is monitored by the humidity sensor; the oily mud undergoes a drying reaction at 200 °C, and the hydrocarbon gas generated by the drying reaction enters the gas storage tank (6) through the air outlet hole (113), and the dry material generated by the drying reaction is conveyed to the dry sludge bin (4) through the spiral conveyor belt (114); (III): Place the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from the sludge cracking gas at the bottom of the molten metal reaction tank (2), preheat the molten metal reaction tank (2) to 600 - 900 °C, and then pass the hydrocarbon gas in the gas storage tank (6) through the end of the conduit at a flow rate of 2 - 8 L / min via the flowmeter (7). After passing through the aeration disk (21), it reacts with the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from the sludge cracking gas in the form of small bubbles. The carbon produced by the reaction has a density lower than that of the molten catalyst for carbon material prepared from the sludge cracking gas, and then the carbon floats up and is collected into the carbon storage bin (22) through the rotating blade (23).

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that: The flow rate of water vapor is 2 - 5 L / min.

9. The application according to claim 7, wherein: When the mass of the oily mud in the drying reaction bin (1) is greater than 50 kg, close the suction pump (5); end the drying reaction when the humidity of the oily mud is less than 10%; the rotating speed of the rotating blade is 10 r / min.

10. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of nozzles (111) is 12, and the nozzles (111) are arranged at the top of the drying reaction bin (1); the length of the pipeline provided with the flowmeter (7) extending into the molten metal reaction tank (2) is 7 / 10 of the height of the molten metal reaction tank (2).

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