Manufacturing method of high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel

Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, and relates to the technical field of wheel machining. The zinc-nickel-molybdenum-copper-aluminum composite alloy steel is adopted as a wheel raw material, the characteristics, effects and composite effects of all elements of the steel-making raw material are fully exerted by optimizing the proportion, the alloy steel with excellent performance is prepared, and the high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel is obtained. Through three times of roll forming treatment and two times of heat treatment, each part of the wheel can be more accurately subjected to shape optimization through each time of treatment, and then the high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel is obtained. And through the synergistic effect of three times of roll forming and heat treatment, the roll forming treatment effect is improved, meanwhile, pinholes and looseness on the surface of the wheel are subjected to pressure filling treatment, so that defects are eliminated, the strength and hardness of the steel wheel are improved, and compared with the prior art, the quality of the formed wheel is better guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wheel processing, and specifically to a manufacturing method for high-strength and high-hardness steel wheels. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the speed and load capacity of vehicles in China have been continuously increasing, and people's requirements for environmental protection and safety have become increasingly stringent. Since the wheels support the weight of the entire vehicle body, the wheels cannot be designed as spare or protected components and need to have absolute reliability. In particular, the design of wheel strength is crucial. Considering performance optimization on the basis of strength, the capabilities of wear resistance, high hardness, and high strength have also received key attention. In addition, wheels are consumable parts, so their service life and maintenance cost determine the economic efficiency of production costs.

[0003] Currently, the tensile strength of the steel used for domestic and foreign load-carrying wheels is mainly 490 MPa or less, and the hardness is relatively low. For Class B steel wheels supplied to Europe and America, it is required to meet the outer rim surface hardness of 302 - 341 HB. This specification requires relatively high hardness and a narrow hardness range, and the domestic process for producing steel wheels cannot reach this hardness range requirement. Therefore, it restricts the export of wheels produced by domestic enterprises to some countries in Europe and America, and restricts the development of domestic enterprises.

[0004] The present invention can achieve the purpose of improving the strength and hardness of the wheels by increasing the carbon element content of the wheel steel grade, but it will inevitably reduce the plasticity and toughness of the wheels, thereby affecting the safety performance of the wheels. By adding mechanized alloy powder and alternately performing roll forming and heat treatment, while controlling or eliminating abnormal structures near the surface layer, it is also necessary to ensure the strength and hardness level inside the rim. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for high-strength and high-hardness steel wheels to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A manufacturing method for high-strength and high-hardness steel wheels, in which the wheel hub and the rim are welded together to form a wheel. The welding uses submerged arc welding, and the parameters are: welding current: welding current 540 A - 570 A, welding voltage 34 V - 38 V, dry elongation 15 mm - 20 mm, welding speed 80 seconds / revolution - 90 seconds / revolution. The rim includes the following preparation steps: (1)Use a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into rectangular plates of the required specifications, and use a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plates into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; use a butt welding machine to weld the butt joints on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine, with the preheating distance being 2 mm to 5 mm, the flash distance being 4 mm to 6 mm, the upsetting distance being 5 mm to 7 mm, the energized upsetting time being 0.1 s to 0.5 s, the preheating current being 430 A to 450 A, and the upsetting pressure being 5 MPa to 8 MPa. Then use a slag planing machine to plane the slag extruded from the weld of the round pipe material; use a rolling press to roll the weld of the round pipe material to enhance the weld strength; use an end cutting machine to cut off the welding slag at both ends of the weld; and then perform flaring treatment. (2)Perform the first rolling treatment on the element after flaring treatment. (3)Perform the first heat treatment on the element after the first rolling treatment. Under a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, heat treat at 900 - 1050 °C for 1.5 - 2.5 h. After the heat treatment is completed, spray water for cooling for 300 s. Among them, the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:5 - 10. (4)Perform the second rolling treatment on the element after the first heat treatment. (5)Perform the second heat treatment on the element after the second rolling treatment. Heat treat at 600 - 700 °C for 4 - 6 h, and then naturally cool to room temperature in the air. (6)Perform the third rolling treatment on the element after the second heat treatment. (7)Perform expansion and shaping on the element after the third rolling treatment. Expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the product requirement dimensions through a mold. The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows: S1. The mass ratio of molybdenum oxide, zinc powder, and nickel powder is 0.25 - 0.5:0.9 - 1.3:2.2 - 3.0. Charge the ball milling tank under full argon protection and perform mechanical alloying treatment to obtain alloy powder. S2. Spray the alloy powder into the molten steel. The spraying temperature is 1340 - 1380 °C, the carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.05 - 0.40% of the weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5 - 1.5 MPa, the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow during the spraying process is 0.1 - 1. After the spraying is completed, raise the temperature to 1585 - 1595 °C, hold for 1 h, cool down to 1340 - 1400 °C, and perform aluminum-argon composite spraying. S3. After completing the aluminum-argon composite spraying, hold for 30 min, skim the slag, and continuous cast to obtain a slab. S4. Heat the slab to 1180 - 1250 °C, and perform rough rolling and finish rolling treatments to obtain the steel plate.

[0007] Further, the maximum thickness of the rim is less than or equal to 4.50 mm, and the maximum thickness of the spoke is less than or equal to 12.00 mm.

[0008] Further, the flaring treatment in step (1) uses an expanding flaring method. The designed springback coefficient of the expanding die is 0.15%, minimizing the shaping and expanding amount as much as possible, and the expanding amount is controlled within 5 mm.

[0009] Further, the alloy composition of the weld material is the same as that of the steel plate.

[0010] Further, the spoke is made of the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process.

[0011] Further, in S1, the ball-to-material ratio used in the mechanical alloying treatment is 8 - 10:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400 r / min, and the ball milling time is 20 - 40 h.

[0012] Further, the composition of the molten steel in S2 includes C ≤ 0.65 wt%, S ≤ 0.05 wt%, Mn ≤ 0.5 wt%, Si ≤ 0.5 wt%, P ≤ 0.025 wt%, and the balance is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1280 - 1350 °C.

[0013] Further, in S2, the aluminum-argon composite injection uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon. The volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:10 - 50, the argon pressure is 0.5 - 1.5 MPa, the injection time is 5 - 15 min, and the argon flow rate is 50 L / min.

[0014] Further, the aluminum vapor uses aluminum wire as the raw material, melts the aluminum wire instantaneously, and generates aluminum vapor in a vacuum environment.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention uses zinc-nickel-molybdenum-copper-aluminum composite alloy steel as the raw material for the wheel. By optimizing the ratio, the characteristics, functions, and composite effects of each element of the steel-making raw materials are fully exerted, and an alloy steel with excellent performance is prepared to obtain a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel.

[0016] (2) The present invention undergoes three rolling treatments and two heat treatments. Through each treatment, the shape of each part of the wheel can be optimized more precisely, and then a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel is obtained. Moreover, the three rolling treatments and heat treatments work together, improving the effect of the rolling treatment while applying pressure to fill the pinholes and porosity on the wheel surface, thereby eliminating defects and improving the strength and hardness of the steel wheel. Compared with the prior art, the quality of the formed wheel is more guaranteed.

[0017] (3) The zinc-nickel-molybdenum-copper-aluminum composite alloy steel independently developed by the present invention first mechanically alloys molybdenum oxide with zinc powder and nickel powder to obtain alloy powder, which can reduce the melting loss of zinc and molybdenum elements during later smelting. The present invention blows the molten steel, and the argon carrier gas forms a gas flow stirring, which is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of the alloy powder in the molten steel. During the blowing process, by designing the proportion of the alloy powder, argon forms a gas protection film similar to that on the surface of the alloy powder. Then, by increasing the temperature, the alloy powder and the molten steel are fully melted and combined, effectively improving the mechanical strength and hardness of the wheel, and improving the applicability and durability of the steel wheel. Detailed implementation manners

[0018] Next, in combination with the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Embodiment 1; A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, in which the wheel hub and the rim are welded together to form a wheel, and the welding is carried out by submerged arc welding. The parameters are: welding current: 540 A, welding voltage: 34 V, dry elongation: 15 mm, welding speed: 80 seconds / rotation. The wheel hub uses the same steel plate material as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; The rim includes the following preparation steps: (1) Use a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specification, and use a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a circular cylinder, which is the wheel blank; Use a butt welding machine to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine. The parameters are: preheating distance: 2 mm, flashing distance: 4 mm, upsetting distance: 5 mm, energized upsetting time: 0.1 s, preheating current: 430 A, upsetting pressure: 5 MPa. Then use a slag planing machine to remove the slag extruded from the weld of the round pipe material; Use a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round pipe material to enhance the weld strength; Use an end cutting machine to cut off the welding slag at both ends of the weld; Then carry out an expanding treatment, using an expanding type expanding method. The designed springback coefficient of the expanding die is 0.15%, and the shaping expansion amount is minimized as much as possible. The expansion amount is controlled within 5 mm; The weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate material; (2) Carry out the first rolling treatment on the element after the expanding treatment with a rolling machine; (3) Carry out the first heat treatment on the element after the first rolling treatment. Under a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, heat-treat at 900 °C for 1.5 h. After the heat treatment is completed, spray water for cooling for 300 s. Among them, the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:5; (4) Carry out the second rolling treatment on the element after the first heat treatment with a rolling machine; (5) Perform a second heat treatment on the component after the second rolling treatment at 600 °C for 6 h, and then naturally cool it to room temperature in air; (6) Perform a third rolling treatment on the component after the second heat treatment using a rolling machine; (7) Expand and shape the component after the third rolling treatment, and expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product dimensions through a mold; The preparation method of the steel plate material is as follows: S1. The mass ratio of molybdenum oxide with a particle size of 500 μm, zinc powder with a particle size of 0.1 mm, and nickel powder with a particle size of 0.1 mm is 0.25:0.9:2.2. Charge the ball milling tank under full argon protection and perform mechanical alloying treatment. The ball-to-material ratio is 8:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400 r / min, and ball mill until the average particle size is 100 μm to obtain alloy powder; S2. Spray the alloy powder into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1340 °C. After spraying, raise the temperature to 1585 °C, hold for 1 h, cool down to 1340 °C, and perform aluminum-argon composite spraying; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.65 wt%, S 0.05 wt%, Mn 0.5 wt%, Si 0.5 wt%, P 0.025 wt%, and the balance is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1300 °C; the spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.05% of the weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow rate during spraying is 0.1; the aluminum-argon composite spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:10, the argon pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the spraying time is 5 min; S3. After completing the aluminum-argon composite spraying, hold and stand for 30 min, skim the slag and continuous cast to obtain a slab; S4. Heat the slab to 1180 °C and perform rough rolling in a 5-pass manner, with a single-pass reduction rate of 20%; perform finish rolling on the slab after rough rolling, control the starting rolling temperature of finish rolling at 1030 °C, and control the final rolling temperature of finish rolling at 820 °C to obtain the steel plate material.

[0020] Example 2; A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, in which the wheel hub and the rim are welded together to form a wheel. Submerged arc welding is used for welding, and the parameters are: welding current: welding current 550 A, welding voltage 36 V, dry elongation 15 mm, welding speed 80 seconds / rotation. The wheel hub uses the same steel plate material as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim includes the following preparation steps: (1)Use a shearing machine to cut the steel sheet into rectangular plates of the required specifications. Use a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plates into cylinders, which are the wheel blanks. Use a butt welder to weld the butt joints on the wheel blanks with a flash butt welder. The parameters are: preheating distance 3mm, flashing distance 5mm, upsetting distance 6mm, energized upsetting time 0.2s, preheating current 440A, upsetting pressure 6MPa. Then use a slag planing machine to plane the slag extruded from the weld of the round pipe material. Use a rolling press to roll the weld of the round pipe material to enhance the weld strength. Use an end cutting machine to cut the welding slag at both ends of the weld. Then perform flaring treatment. Adopt expanding flaring, and the designed springback coefficient of the expanding die is 0.15%, and minimize the sizing expansion amount as much as possible. The expansion amount is controlled within 5mm. The weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel sheet. (2)Perform the first rolling treatment on the flared components with a rolling machine. (3)Perform the first heat treatment on the components after the first rolling treatment. Under a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, heat treat at 937°C for 1.5h. After the heat treatment is completed, spray water for cooling for 300s. Among them, the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:6. (4)Perform the second rolling treatment on the components after the first heat treatment with a rolling machine. (5)Perform the second heat treatment on the components after the second rolling treatment. Heat treat at 625°C for 4h, and then naturally cool to room temperature in the air. (6)Perform the third rolling treatment on the components after the second heat treatment with a rolling machine. (7)Perform expansion sizing on the components after the third rolling treatment. Expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product dimensions through a mold. The preparation method of the steel sheet is as follows: S1. The mass ratio of molybdenum oxide with a particle size of 575μm, zinc powder with a particle size of 0.1mm, and nickel powder with a particle size of 1mm is 0.31:1.3:3.0. Load the ball mill tank under full argon protection and perform mechanical alloying treatment. The ball-to-material ratio is 8:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400r / min, and ball mill until the average particle size is 100μm to obtain alloy powder. S2. Spray the alloy powder into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1350 °C. After the spraying is completed, raise the temperature to 1585 °C, hold for 1 h, then cool down to 1355 °C and conduct combined aluminum-argon spraying; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.56 wt%, S 0.023 wt%, Mn 0.42 wt%, Si 0.38 wt%, P 0.015 wt%, and the balance is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1300 °C; the spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.13% of the weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow rate during the spraying process is 0.3; the combined aluminum-argon spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:20, the argon pressure is 0.5 MPa, and the spraying time is 5 min; S3. After completing the combined aluminum-argon spraying, hold and stand for 30 min, skim the slag and continuously cast to obtain a slab; S4. Heat the slab to 1197 °C and conduct rough rolling in a 5-pass manner, with a single-pass reduction rate of 20%; conduct finish rolling on the rough-rolled slab, control the starting rolling temperature of the finish rolling at 1030 °C, and control the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling at 820 °C to obtain steel plates.

[0021] Example 3; A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, in which the wheel hub and the rim are welded together to form a wheel, and submerged arc welding is used for welding. The parameters are: welding current: 560 A, welding voltage: 36 V, dry elongation: 20 mm, welding speed: 90 seconds / revolution. The wheel hub uses the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim includes the following preparation steps: (1) Use a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specification, and use a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank; use a butt welding machine to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welding machine. The parameters are: preheating distance: 5 mm, flash distance: 6 mm, upsetting distance: 6 mm, energized upsetting time: 0.3 s, preheating current: 440 A, upsetting pressure: 8 MPa. Then use a slag planing machine to plane the weld extrusion on the round tube material; use a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength; use an end cutting machine to cut off the welding slag at both ends of the weld; then conduct flaring treatment, using an expanding flaring method. The designed springback coefficient of the expanding die is 0.15%, and the shaping expansion amount is minimized as much as possible, and the expansion amount is controlled within 5 mm; the weld material has the same alloy composition as the steel plate; (2) Conduct the first rolling treatment on the flared component with a rolling machine; (3) Conduct the first heat treatment on the component after the first rolling treatment. Under a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, heat-treat at 975 °C for 2 h. After the heat treatment is completed, spray water for cooling for 300 s. Among them, the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:7.5; (4)The components after the first heat treatment are subjected to a second rolling treatment using a rolling machine; (5)The components after the second rolling treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment at 650 °C for 5 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air; (6)The components after the second heat treatment are subjected to a third rolling treatment using a rolling machine; (7)The components after the third rolling treatment are expanded and shaped, and the rim circumference and inner diameter are expanded to the required product dimensions through a mold; The preparation method of the steel plate material is as follows: S1. The mass ratio of molybdenum oxide with a particle size of 650 μm, zinc powder with a particle size of 0.55 mm, and nickel powder with a particle size of 1 mm is 0.5:0.9:3.0. Under the protection of argon throughout the process, it is loaded into a ball milling tank for mechanical alloying treatment. The ball-to-material ratio is 9:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400 r / min, and ball milling is carried out until the average particle size is 100 μm to obtain alloy powder; S2. The alloy powder is blown into the molten steel at a blowing temperature of 1360 °C. After the blowing is completed, the temperature is raised to 1590 °C, held for 1 h, cooled to 1360 °C, and aluminum-argon composite blowing is carried out; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.58 wt%, S 0.01 wt%, Mn 0.5 wt%, Si 0.18 wt%, P 0.025 wt%, and the balance is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1350 °C; the blowing carrier gas is argon, the blowing amount is 0.22% of the weight of the molten steel, the blowing pressure is 1.0 MPa, and the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow rate during the blowing process is 0.55; the aluminum-argon composite blowing uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:30, the argon pressure is 1.0 MPa, and the blowing time is 10 min; S3. After the aluminum-argon composite blowing is completed, it is held and static for 30 min, slag is removed, and continuous casting is carried out to obtain a slab; S4. The slab is heated to 1215 °C and subjected to rough rolling, and a 5-pass rolling method is used, with a single-pass reduction rate of 20%; the slab after rough rolling is subjected to finish rolling, controlling the starting rolling temperature of the finish rolling to be 1030 °C and the final rolling temperature of the finish rolling to be 845 °C to obtain the steel plate material.

[0022] Example 4; A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, in which the wheel hub and the rim are welded together to form a wheel, and submerged arc welding is used for welding. The parameters are: welding current: 570 A, welding voltage 38 V, dry elongation 20 mm, welding speed 90 seconds / rotation. The wheel hub uses the same steel plate material as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process; the rim includes the following preparation steps: (1)Use a shearing machine to cut the steel sheet into rectangular plates of the required specifications. Use a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plates into a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank. Use a butt welder to weld the butt joints on the wheel blank with a flash butt welder. The parameters are as follows: preheating distance 5mm, flashing distance 6mm, upsetting distance 7mm, energized upsetting time 0.5s, preheating current 450A, upsetting pressure 8MPa. Then use a slag planing machine to plane the slag extruded from the weld of the round tube material. Use a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength. Use an end cutting machine to cut off the welding slag at both ends of the weld. Then perform flaring treatment. Adopt expanding flaring, and the designed springback coefficient of the expanding die is 0.15%, and the shaping expansion amount is minimized as much as possible. The expansion amount is controlled within 5mm. The alloy composition of the weld material is the same as that of the steel sheet. (2)Perform the first rolling treatment on the flared component using a rolling machine. (3)Perform the first heat treatment on the component after the first rolling treatment. Under a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, heat treat at 1012°C for 2.5h. After the heat treatment is completed, spray water for cooling for 300s. Among them, the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:8. (4)Perform the second rolling treatment on the component after the first heat treatment using a rolling machine. (5)Perform the second heat treatment on the component after the second rolling treatment. Heat treat at 675°C for 6h, and then naturally cool to room temperature in the air. (6)Perform the third rolling treatment on the component after the second heat treatment using a rolling machine. (7)Perform expansion shaping on the component after the third rolling treatment. Expand the rim circumference and inner diameter to the required product dimensions through a mold. The preparation method of the steel sheet is as follows: S1. The mass ratio of molybdenum oxide with a particle size of 725μm, zinc powder with a particle size of 0.1mm, and nickel powder with a particle size of 0.7mm is 0.43:1.2:2.8. Charge the ball mill tank under full argon protection and perform mechanical alloying treatment. The ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400r / min, and ball mill until the average particle size is 100μm to obtain alloy powder. S2. Spray the alloy powder into the molten steel at a spraying temperature of 1380 °C. After the spraying is completed, raise the temperature to 1595 °C, keep it warm for 1 h, then cool it down to 1385 °C, and conduct aluminum-argon composite spraying. The composition of the molten steel includes 0.60 wt% C, 0.05 wt% S, 0.44 wt% Mn, 0.5 wt% Si, 0.011 wt% P, and the balance is impurities and Fe. The temperature of the molten steel is 1350 °C. The spraying carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.31% of the weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 1.5 MPa, and the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow rate during the spraying process is 0.7. The aluminum-argon composite spraying uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:10, the argon pressure is 1.5 MPa, and the spraying time is 15 min. S3. After completing the aluminum-argon composite spraying, keep it warm and static for 30 min, skim the slag and continuous cast to obtain a slab. S4. Heat the slab to 1250 °C and conduct rough rolling. Use a 5-pass rolling method, with a single-pass reduction rate of 20%. Conduct finish rolling on the slab after rough rolling, control the starting rolling temperature of finish rolling at 1030 °C, and control the final rolling temperature of finish rolling at 870 °C to obtain steel plates.

[0023] Example 5; A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, in which the wheel hub and the rim are welded together to form a wheel. Submerged arc welding is used for welding, and the parameters are: welding current: 570 A, welding voltage: 38 V, dry elongation: 20 mm, welding speed: 90 seconds / rotation. The wheel hub uses the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process. The rim includes the following preparation steps: (1) Use a shearing machine to cut the steel plate into a rectangular plate of the required specification, and use a rolling machine to roll the rectangular plate into a circular shape, forming a cylindrical shape, which is the wheel blank. Use a butt welder to weld the butt joint on the wheel blank with a flash butt welder. The parameters are: preheating distance: 5 mm, flashing distance: 6 mm, upsetting distance: 7 mm, energized upsetting time: 0.5 s, preheating current: 450 A, upsetting pressure: 8 MPa. Then use a slag planing machine to plane the slag extruded from the weld of the round tube material. Use a rolling machine to roll the weld of the round tube material to enhance the weld strength. Use an end cutting machine to cut off the welding slag at both ends of the weld. Then conduct flaring treatment. Use an expanding type flaring, and the designed springback coefficient of the expanding die is 0.15%, minimizing the shaping and expanding amount as much as possible, and controlling the expanding amount within 5 mm. The alloy composition of the weld material is the same as that of the steel plate. (2) Conduct the first rolling treatment on the element after flaring treatment with a rolling machine. (3) Conduct the first heat treatment on the element after the first rolling treatment. Under a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere, heat treat at 1050 °C for 2.5 h. After the heat treatment is completed, spray water for cooling for 300 s. Among them, the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:10. (4) The components after the first heat treatment are subjected to a second roll forming treatment using a roll forming machine; (5) The components after the second roll forming treatment are subjected to a second heat treatment, heat treated at 700 °C for 6 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature in air; (6) The components after the second heat treatment are subjected to a third roll forming treatment using a roll forming machine; (7) The components after the third roll forming treatment are expanded and shaped, and the rim circumference and inner diameter are expanded to the required product dimensions through a mold; The preparation method of the steel plate material is as follows: S1. The mass ratio of molybdenum oxide with a particle size of 800 μm, zinc powder with a particle size of 0.1 mm, and nickel powder with a particle size of 1 mm is 0.5:1:3.0. It is loaded into a ball mill tank under full argon protection for mechanical alloying treatment. The ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400 r / min, and ball milled to an alloy powder with an average particle size of 100 μm; S2. The alloy powder is blown into the molten steel at a blowing temperature of 1380 °C. After the blowing is completed, the temperature is raised to 1595 °C, held for 1 h, cooled to 1400 °C, and subjected to aluminum-argon composite blowing; the composition of the molten steel includes C 0.65 wt%, S 0.05 wt%, Mn 0.5 wt%, Si 0.5 wt%, P 0.025 wt%, and the balance is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1350 °C; the blowing carrier gas is argon, the blowing amount is 0.40% of the weight of the molten steel, the blowing pressure is 1.5 MPa, and the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow rate during the blowing process is 1; the aluminum-argon composite blowing uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon, the volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:25, the argon pressure is 1.5 MPa, and the blowing time is 15 min; S3. After the aluminum-argon composite blowing is completed, it is held and static for 30 min, slag is removed, and continuous casting is carried out to obtain a slab; S4. The slab is heated to 1250 °C and subjected to rough rolling, rolled in a 5-pass manner, with a single-pass reduction rate of 20%; the slab after rough rolling is subjected to finish rolling, controlling the start rolling temperature of the finish rolling to be 1030 °C and the finish rolling temperature to be 870 °C to obtain the steel plate material.

[0024] Comparative Example 1; The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that nickel powder is not added, and the remaining steps and components are the same as in Example 1.

[0025] Comparative Example 2; The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that nickel powder is not added, and the alloy powder is not added by blowing but directly added, and the remaining steps and components are the same as in Example 1.

[0026] Comparative Example 3; The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that molybdenum oxide is not added, and the remaining steps and components are the same as in Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 4; The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that no zinc powder is added, and the remaining steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 5; The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that molybdenum oxide, zinc powder, and nickel powder are not subjected to mechanical alloying treatment, but are directly mixed evenly to obtain a mixed powder, and then spray-blowing treatment is carried out. The remaining steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 6; The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that molybdenum oxide, zinc powder, and nickel powder are not subjected to mechanical alloying treatment, but are directly mixed evenly to obtain a mixed powder, and the addition form does not adopt spray-blowing, but is directly added. The remaining steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0030] Comparative Example 7; The difference between Comparative Example 7 and Example 1 is that the first heat treatment is not carried out, and the remaining steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0031] Comparative Example 8; The difference between Comparative Example 8 and Example 1 is that the second heat treatment is not carried out, and the remaining steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 9; The difference between Comparative Example 9 and Example 1 is that aluminum-argon composite spray-blowing is not carried out, and the remaining steps and components are the same as those in Example 1.

[0033] Effect Example The following Table 1 gives the performance analysis results of the wheel rims of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 of the present invention.

[0034] Table 1

[0035] The present invention uses zinc-nickel-molybdenum-copper-aluminum composite alloy steel as the raw material for the wheel, and through optimizing the ratio, the characteristics, functions, and composite effects of each element of the steel-making raw materials are fully exerted to prepare an alloy steel with excellent performance, so as to obtain a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel. The present invention undergoes three rolling treatments and two heat treatments. Through each treatment, the shape of each part of the wheel can be optimized more precisely, and then a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel is obtained. Moreover, the three rolling treatments and the heat treatments act synergistically, improving the effect of the rolling treatment while applying pressure filling treatment to the pinholes and porosity on the wheel surface, thereby eliminating defects and improving the strength and hardness of the steel wheel. Compared with the prior art, the quality of the formed wheel is more guaranteed.

[0036] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel, in which a wheel spoke and a wheel rim are welded together to form a wheel, characterized in that, The rim includes the following preparation steps: (1) Perform rounding and butt welding on the cut steel plate. (2) Pretreat the components obtained by rounding and butt welding. (3) Perform the first rolling treatment on the pretreated components. (4) Perform the first heat treatment on the components after the first rolling treatment. (5) Perform the second rolling treatment on the components after the first heat treatment. (6) Perform the second heat treatment on the components after the second rolling treatment. (7) Perform the third rolling treatment on the components after the second heat treatment. (8) Perform expansion and shaping on the components after the third rolling treatment. The preparation method of the steel plate is as follows: S1. The mass ratio of molybdenum oxide, zinc powder, and nickel powder is 0.25 - 0.5: 0.9 - 1.3: 2.2 - 3.

0. Load the ball milling tank under full argon protection and perform mechanical alloying treatment to obtain alloy powder. S2. Spray the alloy powder into the molten steel. The spraying temperature is 1340 - 1380 °C, the carrier gas is argon, the spraying amount is 0.05 - 0.40% of the weight of the molten steel, the spraying pressure is 0.5 - 1.5 MPa, the ratio of alloy powder to gas flow rate during spraying is 0.1 - 1. After spraying, raise the temperature to 1585 - 1595 °C, keep it warm for 1 h, cool down to 1340 - 1400 °C, and perform aluminum-argon composite spraying. S3. After completing the aluminum-argon composite spraying, keep it warm and stand for 30 min, skim the slag and continuous cast to obtain a slab. S4. Heat the slab to 1180 - 1250 °C and perform rough rolling and finish rolling treatments to obtain the steel plate.

2. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spoke uses the same steel plate as the rim, and the forming process is the same as the existing process.

3. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment in step (2) is slag removal, roll pressing, port grinding, and flaring treatment.

4. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the ball-to-material ratio for mechanical alloying treatment is 8 - 10:1, the ball milling medium is stainless steel balls, the rotation speed is set at 400 r / min, and the ball milling time is 20 - 40 h.

5. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of the alloy powder in S1 is 100 μm.

6. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition of the molten steel in S2 includes C ≤ 0.65 wt%, S ≤ 0.05 wt%, Mn ≤ 0.5 wt%, Si ≤ 0.5 wt%, P ≤ 0.025 wt%, and the balance is impurities and Fe; the temperature of the molten steel is 1280 - 1350 °C.

7. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum-argon composite spraying in S2 uses a mixed gas of aluminum vapor and argon. The volume ratio of aluminum vapor to argon is 1:10 - 50, the argon pressure is 0.5 - 1.5 MPa, and the spraying time is 5 - 15 min.

8. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first heat treatment in step (4) is: heat treatment at 900 - 1050 °C for 1.5 - 2.5 h in a nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere. After the heat treatment is completed, spray water for cooling for 300 s, where the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon in the nitrogen-argon mixed atmosphere is 1:5 - 10.

9. The manufacturing method of a high-strength and high-hardness steel wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second heat treatment in step (6) is: heat treatment at 600 - 700 °C for 4 - 6 h, and then naturally cool to room temperature in the air.

Images