Petal-shaped aluminum oxide material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a petal-shaped aluminum oxide material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nanomaterials, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution, adding a surfactant for dispersion, then quickly adding ethyl acetate to reduce the concentration of hydroxyl in the solution, and stirring to obtain the petal-shaped aluminum oxide material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding sodium aluminate into a reaction kettle to promote hydrolytic equilibrium of the sodium aluminate to move towards the direction of generating aluminum hydroxide, promoting generation of the aluminum hydroxide, filtering out aluminum oxide, washing, drying, and finally roasting in an air or nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the petal-shaped aluminum oxide material. The surface of the petal-shaped aluminum oxide material prepared by the method is in a regular petal shape, the petals are mutually stacked to form a regular pore structure, the BET specific surface area of the petal-shaped aluminum oxide material is 448m < 2 > / g, the pore diameter is concentrated, and the pore channel structure has relatively high uniformity, so that the petal-shaped aluminum oxide material shows better selectivity and stability; the catalyst can be applied to the fields of petrochemical engineering, environment-friendly catalysis, energy catalysis, gas adsorption or water treatment and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of nanomaterials, and particularly relates to a petal-shaped alumina material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The existing mesoporous alumina synthesis technologies mainly include sol-gel method, template method, hydrothermal method, etc. Among them, the sol-gel method uses aluminum salt as a precursor, forms a gel through hydrolysis and polycondensation, and then calcines to prepare mesoporous alumina. This method is easy to operate, but the pore size control accuracy is limited. The template method uses hard templates (such as carbon materials, silicon materials) or soft templates (such as surfactants) to induce the precursor to assemble into an ordered pore structure, and the target material is obtained after removing the template. The hard template method has high-precision pore size control ability, but the template removal step is relatively complex; the soft template method is known for its low cost and high flexibility, but has high requirements for the uniformity of pore size. The hydrothermal method promotes the crystallization and self-assembly of reactants under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and can form mesoporous alumina with high thermal stability, but the preparation conditions are harsh. And in current reports, aluminum nitrate or aluminum sulfate is mostly used as the aluminum source for preparing alumina. Not only is the aluminum content low, the raw material cost high, but also the treatment of anions in wastewater is difficult, which is not environmentally friendly. In addition, the preparation process requires precise control of reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, pH value, etc., and the reaction conditions are relatively harsh. The specific surface area and liquid storage performance of the alumina materials prepared by these existing methods are not high. Currently, the cost of preparing high-performance alumina materials is generally high and the process is relatively complicated. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art that the specific surface area and liquid storage performance of alumina materials are relatively low, and the preparation cost of high-performance alumina materials is high and the process is complicated. A petal-shaped alumina material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof are proposed. Using sodium aluminate as the aluminum source can reduce the raw material cost, protect the environment, and the preparation process is simple, the reaction conditions are mild. The prepared petal-shaped alumina material has a high specific surface area and strong liquid storage performance, which is beneficial to the industrial synthesis and application of alumina with high specific surface area and high liquid storage performance.

[0004] One of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is to provide a preparation method of a petal-shaped alumina material, including the following steps:

[0005] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 0.01-10 wt%.

[0006] (2) Uniformly disperse the surfactant in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution.

[0007] (3) Rapidly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution in step (2) to obtain a reaction solution, and stir and react the reaction solution at a reaction temperature of 25 - 60 °C for 12 - 72 h;

[0008] (4) After the reaction is completed, filter out the solid matter, wash it with water, dry it, and calcine it at 500 - 600 °C for 5 - 6 h to obtain a petal-shaped alumina material.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution, the dosage of the surfactant satisfies: its mass fraction in the transparent solution is 0.5 - 10 wt%.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution, the surfactant is one of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, lauryl glucoside, dodecyldimethylbetaine, decyl glucoside, dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, dodecylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, lauryl betaine or betaine.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution, the surfactant is a mixture of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and lauryl glucoside in a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of lauryl glucoside and decyl glucoside in a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of dodecyldimethylbetaine and decyl glucoside in a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1, or a mixture of lauryl betaine and betaine in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution, the dosage of ethyl acetate satisfies: its mass fraction in the reaction solution is 0.2 - 10 wt%.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution, the calcination in step (4) is carried out in an air or nitrogen atmosphere, preferably in a nitrogen atmosphere. In a nitrogen environment, the interaction between alumina and other substances at high temperatures can be reduced, making the structure of alumina more stable. During subsequent high-temperature use, it can better maintain its physical and chemical properties and is not prone to phase change or structural damage.

[0014] The present invention utilizes the hydrolysis of sodium aluminate to prepare aluminum hydroxide, which is then calcined to form a petal-shaped alumina material. When hydrolyzing, adding a surfactant can reduce the surface tension and interfacial tension of the solution, change the charge distribution on the surface of the aluminum hydroxide particles generated by the hydrolysis of sodium aluminate, reduce the electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals attraction between the particles, so that the particles can be more evenly dispersed in the solution, avoid particle agglomeration, and is conducive to the formation of a petal-shaped porous structure; the surfactant can also self-assemble in the solution to form various ordered microstructures, and these structures can serve as templates, and aluminate ions or hydrolyzed aluminum hydroxide nucleate and grow around or inside the template, thereby guiding the growth of alumina crystals along specific directions and morphologies, and finally forming a petal-shaped morphology; the surfactant can also adjust the rate of the hydrolysis reaction, allowing the reaction to proceed at a more appropriate speed, which is conducive to the formation of a uniform and stable petal-shaped structure.

[0015] Quickly add ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate hydrolyzes under alkaline conditions to consume the sodium hydroxide in the solution, reduce the pH value of the solution, adjust the hydrolysis reaction environment, and promote the hydrolysis equilibrium of sodium aluminate to shift towards the direction of generating aluminum hydroxide, which is conducive to the precipitation of aluminum hydroxide and provides more precursors for the formation of petal-shaped alumina; moreover, during the hydrolysis process, ethyl acetate can also interact with the surfactant to form specific structures or phase regions in the solution, acting as an auxiliary template, participating in the formation of the petal-shaped structure, and affecting the pore size, shape and porosity of alumina.

[0016] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a petal-shaped alumina material, which is prepared by the above preparation method. Its surface is regularly petal-shaped, and the petals are stacked on each other to form a regular pore structure. Its BET specific surface area is 448 m 2 / g, and the pore sizes are concentrated, and the pore structure has high uniformity, so that the alumina material shows better selectivity and stability in applications such as adsorption and catalysis.

[0017] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide the application of the above petal-shaped alumina material. The applications include applications as a catalyst support in the catalytic field (petrochemical industry, environmental catalysis, organic synthesis), applications as an adsorbent in the environmental protection field, applications as an electrode material or diaphragm coating of a lithium-ion battery in the battery field, and applications as a drug carrier in the field of drug sustained release.

[0018] The surface of the alumina material of the present invention is in a regular petal shape, and the petals are stacked on each other to form a regular pore structure, which can be used as a carrier to load catalysts. Moreover, its high specific surface area can also highly disperse the catalysts on the surface of the carrier, increasing the contact area between the catalysts and the reactants, improving the activity and utilization rate of the catalysts. The high liquid storage performance is also conducive to the diffusion of reactants and products, accelerating the reaction rate. The catalytic fields mentioned above include petrochemical industry, environmental protection catalysis, energy catalysis and other fields that require the use of catalysts.

[0019] The alumina material of the present invention can also be used as an adsorbent for air purification (adsorbing CO2, formaldehyde, etc.), industrial gas separation (such as H2 purification) or for adsorbing heavy metal ions (such as Pb 2+ 、Cd 2+ ) or organic substances (such as dyes, pesticides) in water treatment; its high oil absorption value (249 mL / 100 g) can also be used for oil spill treatment or industrial waste oil recovery.

[0020] The alumina material of the present invention can also be used as an electrode material or a separator coating of a lithium-ion battery and applied in the battery field: its high specific surface area can improve the wettability of the electrolyte, improving the rate performance of the battery; its high temperature resistance (calcination temperature 600 °C) and porous structure enhance the thermal stability of the separator, preventing short circuits.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses sodium aluminate as the aluminum source, and by regulating the interaction intensity between the surfactant and the aluminate, controlling the interaction between ethyl acetate and the aluminate, and adjusting the degree of self-assembly of the alumina precursor, it successfully and controllably synthesizes an alumina material with a petal structure, which has a high specific surface area and extremely strong liquid storage performance. Moreover, the synthesis process is simple and practical, with low cost and few steps, which is conducive to the industrial synthesis and application of alumina materials with high specific surface area and high liquid storage performance. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a sample diagram of the petal-shaped alumina prepared in Example 1.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a scanning electron microscope image of the petal-shaped alumina prepared in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a high-magnification scanning electron microscope image of the petal-shaped alumina prepared in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 4 It is the nitrogen adsorption and desorption curve of the petal-shaped alumina prepared in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 5 It is the pore size distribution diagram of the petal-shaped alumina prepared in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 6It is the SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 2.

[0028] Figure 7 It is the high-magnification SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 2.

[0029] Figure 8 It is the SEM image of the petal-shaped alumina prepared in Example 3.

[0030] Figure 9 It is the high-magnification SEM image of the petal-shaped alumina prepared in Example 3.

[0031] Figure 10 It is the SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 4.

[0032] Figure 11 It is the SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 5.

[0033] Figure 12 It is the SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 6.

[0034] Figure 13 It is the SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 7.

[0035] Figure 14 It is the SEM image of the alumina prepared in the comparative example.

[0036] Figure 15 It is the high-magnification SEM image of the alumina prepared in the comparative example. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This example provides a method for preparing a petal-shaped alumina material, which includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 3.6 wt%.

[0041] (2) Uniformly disperse the surfactant tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution with a mass fraction of 1.5 wt% of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride.

[0042] (3) quickly adding ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt% ethyl acetate, and continuously stirring the reaction for 24 h;

[0043] (4) After the reaction is completed, the solid is filtered and washed with water, and the solid is dried at 60°C. Finally, the dried solid is calcined at 600°C for 5 hours in an air environment to obtain a petal-shaped alumina material. The appearance of the alumina material obtained in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it is in white powder form and has no caking phenomenon.

[0044] Performance Testing:

[0045] according to Figure 2 The electron microscope scanning image shown shows that the surface of the aluminum oxide prepared in this embodiment is in a regular petal shape. Figure 3 The high-magnification electron microscope scanning image shown further clearly shows the fine structure of the petal-shaped alumina: the petals are stacked on top of each other to form a regular pore structure.

[0046] Nitrogen adsorption isotherm of petal-shaped alumina ( Figure 4 The isotherm is shown in Figure 4, which is consistent with the nitrogen adsorption characteristics of porous adsorption materials. Moreover, according to the adsorption curve, its BET specific surface area is calculated to be 448 m 2 / g, pore volume 0.602cm 3 / g.

[0047] According to the pore size distribution diagram ( Figure 5 (As shown in the figure) It was found that the pore size of the petal-shaped alumina material prepared in this embodiment is concentrated at 5 nm, which belongs to a mesoporous alumina material. Moreover, the pore size is concentrated, indicating that the pore structure of the material has a high uniformity, which makes the alumina material show better selectivity and stability in applications such as adsorption and catalysis.

[0048] Using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the test oil, the test shows that the oil absorption value of the petal-shaped alumina material prepared in this embodiment is about 249 mL / 100 g, indicating that the petal-shaped alumina material in this embodiment has a higher liquid storage performance.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a petal-shaped aluminum oxide material, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) dissolving sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 8.0 wt%;

[0052] (2) uniformly dispersing the surfactant tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution having a mass fraction of 5.0 wt % of tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride;

[0053] (3) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of ethyl acetate of 9.0 wt%, and continuously stir and react for 24 h;

[0054] (4) After the reaction is completed, filter and wash with water. Dry the solid at 60 °C, and finally calcine the dried product in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C for 5 h to obtain a petal-shaped alumina material.

[0055] Performance test:

[0056] According to Figure 6 The SEM image shown, it can be observed that the surface of the alumina material prepared in this example is petal-shaped. Figure 7 The high-magnification SEM image shown further observes that the alumina particles are composed of countless curved thin sheets stacked together. For the overall alumina particles, from the inside to the surface, they are all three-dimensional petal-shaped structures composed of thin sheets. The specific surface area is calculated to be approximately 262.6 m 2 / g, and the DBP oil absorption value is 193.1 ml / 100 g.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] This example provides a preparation method of a petal-shaped alumina material, including the following steps:

[0059] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%;

[0060] (2) Uniformly disperse the surfactant tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution with a mass fraction of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride of 5 wt%;

[0061] (3) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of ethyl acetate of 5.5 wt%, and continuously stir and react for 24 h;

[0062] (4) After the reaction is completed, filter and wash with water. Dry the solid at 60 °C, and finally calcine the dried product in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C for 5 h to obtain a petal-shaped alumina material.

[0063] Performance test:

[0064] According to Figure 8 The SEM image shown, it can be observed that the surface of the alumina material prepared in this example is regularly petal-shaped. Figure 9 The high-magnification SEM image shown further observes that the alumina particles are composed of countless curved thin sheets. Looking at the overall alumina particles, from the inside to the surface, they are all three-dimensional petal-shaped structures composed of thin sheets. The specific surface area is calculated to be approximately 320 m 2 / g, the DBP oil absorption value is 279 ml / 100 g, indicating that the petal-shaped alumina material in this example has high liquid storage performance.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%.

[0067] (2) Uniformly disperse cetylpyridinium chloride surfactant in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt% of cetylpyridinium chloride.

[0068] (3) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of 5.5 wt% of ethyl acetate, and continuously stir and react for 24 h.

[0069] (4) After the reaction is completed, filter and wash with water. The solid is dried at 60 °C, and finally the dried product is calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C for 5 h to obtain the petal-shaped alumina material.

[0070] Performance test:

[0071] Figure 10 The SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 4 is shown. It can be observed that the surface of the alumina particles prepared according to this example is formed by stacking curved surface flakes to form a three-dimensional petal-shaped structure. The specific surface area is calculated to be about 216 m 2 / g.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%.

[0074] (2) Uniformly disperse betaine surfactant in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt% of betaine.

[0075] (3) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of 5.5 wt% of ethyl acetate, and continuously stir and react for 24 h.

[0076] (4) After the reaction is completed, filter and wash with water. The solid is dried at 60 °C, and finally the dried product is calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C for 5 h to obtain the petal-shaped alumina material.

[0077] Performance test:

[0078] Figure 11 The SEM image of the alumina prepared in Example 5 is shown. The surface of the alumina particles prepared according to this example is a petal-shaped structure. The specific surface area is calculated to be about 216 m2 / g.

[0079] Example 6

[0080] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%.

[0081] (2) Uniformly disperse the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt% of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0082] (3) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of 5.5 wt% of ethyl acetate, and continuously stir and react for 24 h.

[0083] (4) After the reaction is completed, filter and wash with water. Dry the solid at 60 °C, and finally calcine the dried product in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C for 5 h to obtain a petal-shaped alumina material.

[0084] Performance test:

[0085] Figure 12 is the electron microscope scanning image of the alumina prepared in Example 6. The surface of the alumina particles prepared according to this example is a petal-shaped structure. The specific surface area is calculated to be about 174.1 m 2 / g.

[0086] Example 7

[0087] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%.

[0088] (2) Uniformly disperse the surfactant lauryl glucoside in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution with a mass fraction of 5 wt% of lauryl glucoside.

[0089] (3) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of 5.5 wt% of ethyl acetate, and continuously stir and react for 24 h.

[0090] (4) After the reaction is completed, filter and wash with water. Dry the solid at 60 °C, and finally calcine the dried product in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C for 5 h to obtain an alumina material.

[0091] Performance test:

[0092] Figure 13 is the electron microscope scanning image of the alumina prepared in Example 7. The surface of the alumina particles prepared according to this example is a petal-shaped structure. The specific surface area is calculated to be about 391.5 m 2 / g.

[0093] Comparative Example

[0094] This comparative example is a control experiment for Examples 3 - 7, and provides a method for preparing an alumina material, which includes the following steps:

[0095] (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 1.0 wt%;

[0096] (2) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution to obtain a reaction solution with a mass fraction of ethyl acetate of 5 wt%, and continuously stir and react for 24 h;

[0097] (3) After the reaction is completed, filter and wash with water, dry the solid at 60 °C, and finally calcine the dried product in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C for 5 h to obtain the alumina material.

[0098] Performance test:

[0099] According to Figure 14 the SEM images shown, it can be observed that the surface of the alumina material prepared in this example has a layered structure, Figure 15 and from the high - magnification SEM images shown, it can be observed that the alumina particles have a morphology of sheet stacking from the inside to the surface, which is different from the petal - like structure in Examples 3 - 7.

[0100] Experimental data show that the key parameter difference between the comparative example and Examples 3 - 7 lies in whether a surfactant is added. By comparing the SEM images of the alumina particles in Examples 3 - 7 and the comparative example, the decisive role of the surfactant on the micro - morphology of the material can be clearly revealed: only when both the surfactant and ethyl acetate exist in the system, can the alumina precursor stably form an obvious petal - like hierarchical structure through a three - stage directional assembly process.

[0101] The present invention completely abandons alcohol additives, pore - expanding agents and high - temperature conditions. Only through the directional regulation of the surfactant at room temperature, the material synthesis can be completed in one step, and the specific surface area of the prepared petal - like alumina material is increased to more than 448 m 2 / g; the pore volume even reaches 0.6 cm 3 / g; at the same time, relying on the precise guiding effect of the surfactant, the pore diameter of the material is controlled to be about 5 nm, with both small - molecule selectivity and liquid storage capacity, and the oil absorption performance is as high as 279 mL / 100 g.

[0102] The present invention utilizes the "one - agent, three - effects" function of the surfactant - dispersion and aggregation inhibition, directional pore formation and morphology assembly, which not only simplifies the process flow and reduces the production cost, but also endows the material with a hierarchical porous structure, making it have high capacity, high selectivity and strong stability in the fields of adsorption separation, catalytic carriers, etc., and having significant competitive advantages.

[0103] The above is only the best implementation mode of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several deformations or equivalent replacements can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical effects of the present invention can also be achieved, which should also be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a petal-shaped alumina material, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Dissolve sodium aluminate in water to obtain a sodium aluminate solution with a mass fraction of 0.01 - 10 wt%; (2) Uniformly disperse the surfactant in the sodium aluminate solution to obtain a transparent solution; (3) Quickly add ethyl acetate to the transparent solution in step (2) to obtain a reaction solution, and the reaction solution is stirred and reacted at a reaction temperature of 25 - 60 °C for 12 - 72 h; (4) After the reaction is completed, filter out the solid matter, wash it with water, dry it, and calcine it at 500 - 600 °C for 5 - 6 h in an air or nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a petal-shaped alumina material.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dosage of the surfactant satisfies that its mass fraction in the transparent solution is 0.5 - 10 wt%.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surfactant is one of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, lauryl glucoside, dodecyldimethylbetaine, decyl glucoside, dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, dodecylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, lauryl betaine or betaine.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: The surfactant is a mixture of tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and lauryl glucoside with a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of lauryl glucoside and decyl glucoside with a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of dodecyldimethylbetaine and decyl glucoside with a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride with a mass ratio of 1:1, a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride with a mass ratio of 1:1, or a mixture of lauryl betaine and betaine with a mass ratio of 1:

1.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The dosage of ethyl acetate satisfies that its mass fraction in the reaction solution is 0.2 - 10 wt%.

6. The petal-shaped alumina material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The surface of the petal-shaped alumina material is in a regular petal shape, and the petals are stacked on each other to form a regular pore structure.

7. Application of the petal-shaped alumina material described in claim 6 as a catalyst support in the fields of petrochemical industry, environmental protection catalysis or energy catalysis.

8. Application of the petal-shaped alumina material described in claim 6 as an adsorbent in the fields of gas adsorption or water treatment.

9. Application of the petal-shaped alumina material described in claim 6 as an electrode material or a separator coating of a lithium-ion battery in the battery field.

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