Assembly type self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing joint and mounting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering, and discloses an assembly type self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing joint and a mounting method.The assembly type self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing joint comprises a spherical connecting piece arranged between an upper column and a lower column, and the spherical connecting piece is wrapped and locked with a connecting sleeve; the spherical connecting piece comprises a first flange plate and a second flange plate which are correspondingly arranged up and down, and the first flange plate and the second flange plate are locked and connected through a plurality of SMA intelligent bolts; a spherical adjusting module is arranged between the first flange plate and the second flange plate; the connecting sleeve comprises C-shaped pieces which are oppositely arranged, and the two C-shaped pieces are connected to the connecting position of the upper column and the lower column in a locked mode through a plurality of energy dissipation bolts. The structure is compact, key positions are reinforced, mounting and dismounting are convenient, the connection strength, the mortise and tenon flexibility and the SMA bolt reset capacity are improved, post-earthquake residual deformation is effectively reduced, meanwhile, only damaged bolts or mortise and tenon connection components need to be replaced, a main body structure does not need to be adjusted, and post-earthquake maintenance is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building engineering, and in particular to an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing node and an installation method. Background Art

[0002] Green building structural systems can significantly reduce carbon emissions through energy-saving design, renewable energy applications and low-carbon building materials. Prefabricated steel structures, through their "lightweight, standardized and circular" characteristics, can achieve low-carbonization of the entire chain from material production to demolition, and are an important carrier of green buildings.

[0003] Existing prefabricated steel structures are mainly connected by welding, flange connection and box-type plunger welding-core barrel flange connection. However, the welding connection method has a complex construction sequence, large and unclear welding residual stress, and the construction quality is limited by labor and difficult to guarantee. The welding air pollution is serious, and the post-earthquake repair is difficult, which limits the promotion and use of the welding connection method. The flange connection method requires high processing accuracy and is not easy to level. The bolt consumption is large and the cost is high. The node stress condition is not conducive to the friction type high-strength bolt connection. The bolts are arranged vertically and are not easy to install and disassemble. The node deformation is obvious after the earthquake, and the post-earthquake repair is difficult, which limits the promotion and use of the flange connection method. After the earthquake damage, if the core barrel of the box-type plunger welding-core barrel flange connection is damaged, it is difficult to dismantle and replace it. Therefore, the above connection forms are not suitable for promotion and application.

[0004] Therefore, the present application designs an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing node and installation method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing node and an installation method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing node, comprising a spherical connector arranged between an upper column and a lower column, the spherical connector is wrapped and locked with a connecting sleeve, and the connecting sleeve is respectively clamped with the upper column and the lower column;

[0007] The spherical connector includes a first flange plate and a second flange plate correspondingly arranged above and below, the first flange plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper column, the second flange plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the lower column, and the first flange plate and the second flange plate are locked and connected by a plurality of SMA smart bolts;

[0008] A spherical adjustment module is provided between the first flange plate and the second flange plate;

[0009] The connecting sleeve includes C-shaped members arranged oppositely, and the two C-shaped members are locked and connected by a plurality of energy-dissipating bolts at the connection position between the upper column and the lower column.

[0010] Preferably, the spherical adjustment module includes a correspondingly arranged spherical convex member and a spherical concave groove. The top end of the spherical convex member is fixedly connected to the first flange plate, the bottom end of the spherical concave groove is fixedly connected to the second flange plate, and the spherical convex member is slidably connected in the spherical concave groove.

[0011] Preferably, a flange connection area is provided in the C-shaped member. The flange connection area is correspondingly arranged with the first flange plate and the second flange plate, and the first flange plate and the second flange plate after being locked and connected are embedded and installed in the flange connection area.

[0012] Preferably, a first rib arranged in a ring shape is fixedly welded to the lower end of the upper column, and a second rib arranged in a ring shape is fixedly welded to the upper end of the lower column. The first rib and the second rib are respectively embedded and positioned in the two locked and connected C-shaped members.

[0013] Preferably, a first slot and a second slot are provided on the inner wall of the C-shaped member and are arranged corresponding to each other up and down. The first slot is correspondingly arranged with the first rib, and the second slot is correspondingly arranged with the second rib.

[0014] Preferably, the height of the flange connection area is not less than the length of the SMA intelligent bolt.

[0015] Preferably, a wireless strain acquisition device is arranged in the SMA intelligent bolt, and a plurality of strain connection pieces are arranged in the flange connection area. The strain connection pieces are correspondingly arranged with the SMA intelligent bolts.

[0016] Preferably, the upper and lower sides of the first rib are respectively fixedly welded to the side wall of the upper column through a first weld, and first weld grooves corresponding to the first weld are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the first slot.

[0017] Preferably, the upper and lower sides of the second rib are respectively fixedly welded to the side wall of the lower column through a second weld, and second weld grooves corresponding to the second weld are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the second slot.

[0018] This application also discloses an installation method for an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing joint, including the following steps:

[0019] Processing each component off-site according to the design drawings;

[0020] Weld the first flange plate to the bottom end of the upper column, weld the second flange plate to the top end of the lower column, and connect the corresponding spherical adjustment module between the first flange plate and the second flange plate;

[0021] Connect the first flange plate and the second flange plate through the SMA intelligent bolt, and realize the adjustment between the upper column and the lower column through the SMA intelligent bolt and the spherical connector;

[0022] Fasten the C-shaped parts to both sides of the first flange plate and the second flange plate, and then connect the two C-shaped parts together through the energy-dissipating bolts;

[0023] Monitor the load data of the splicing joint, evaluate the state of the column splicing joint according to the collected data, and timely discover potential safety hazards;

[0024] During post-earthquake repair, first detect the column splicing joint and conduct damage assessment, and then repair or replace the components according to the assessment results.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The present application discloses an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing node and an installation method, wherein the spherical connector comprises a first flange plate and a second flange plate corresponding to the upper and lower parts, which are connected by SMA intelligent bolts, and a spherical adjustment module is arranged between the first flange plate and the second flange plate, and the SMA intelligent bolts are used to match the traditional mortise and tenon connection concept, and when the upper column and the lower column are installed, the spherical connection can be slightly rotated, and the positioning between the columns can be fine-tuned by tightening or loosening the SMA intelligent bolts, which reduces the installation difficulty, has the advantages of easy installation and easy disassembly, avoids structural stress instability due to installation accuracy problems, and effectively solves the traditional connection method The problem of difficult precise leveling of the joint is solved, the installation accuracy is improved, the centroidal axis coincidence of the upper and lower column sections is ensured, and the main structure is more stable under stress. When the structure is under stress, the spherical connector, as the main connecting component, can transfer the load borne by the upper column to the lower column, and when subjected to axial pressure, the pressure can be transferred downward. When encountering complex stress conditions such as lateral force, it works in conjunction with components such as connecting sleeves to jointly bear and transfer loads, enhance the integrity and bearing capacity of the node, and together with components such as C-shaped parts, form a dual energy dissipation mechanism. During an earthquake, the spherical connector works in conjunction with the C-shaped parts, etc., and through the dual energy dissipation mechanism, it helps to transform and dissipate earthquake energy, protect the main structure, and reduce damage to the columns. At the same time, it also meets the requirements of post-earthquake susceptibility. The requirements for recovery are met, and during post-earthquake repair, it is convenient to adjust and repair the nodes; the connecting sleeve is composed of relatively arranged C-shaped parts locked and connected by energy-absorbing bolts. It is the first to yield and dissipate energy in an earthquake, dissipating energy through plastic deformation, and combined with the spherical connector to protect the main structure and reduce column damage; at the same time, the C-shaped parts are connected by energy-absorbing bolts and snap-on design, which is convenient for rapid disassembly and installation. After the earthquake, the damaged C-shaped parts can be quickly replaced, so that the structure can immediately restore its bearing capacity, ensure its use function, save repair costs and do not need to stop work; the application of SMA smart bolts realizes full-time monitoring of the strain in the node area, provides data for structural health monitoring, and can predict potential failures through cloud modeling and machine learning algorithms; and S MA smart bolts have a shape memory effect. They can reset themselves after being deformed by force during an earthquake, dissipate energy through phase change, participate in a dual energy dissipation mechanism, effectively prevent columns from tilting, reduce residual deformation, and improve the seismic performance of the structure. The C-shaped parts work with energy-absorbing bolts to dissipate energy through plastic deformation and shear force during an earthquake, and jointly bear the bending moment between the upper and lower columns, realizing the external energy dissipation function in the dual energy dissipation mechanism, reducing damage to the columns and protecting the main structure. The C-shaped parts are connected by energy-absorbing bolts, combined with the mortise and tenon connection concept, which reduces the use of high-strength bolts, achieves precise reinforcement of bolts, reduces costs, and is easy to install and disassemble. After the earthquake, the damaged bolts or C-shaped parts can be replaced to restore the structural function.

[0026] The structure of the present invention is compact, strengthened and reinforced at key positions, facilitating installation and disassembly, increasing the connection strength. The flexibility of the mortise and tenon joint combined with the reset ability of the SMA bolt effectively reduces the residual deformation after an earthquake. Meanwhile, only the damaged bolts or mortise and tenon joint components need to be replaced, without adjusting the main structure, which is convenient for post-earthquake maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation to this application. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is an axonometric view of the assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing joint of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is an exploded view of the assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing joint of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing joint of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is an axonometric view of the C-shaped part of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the welding connection method in the prior art;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic view of the flange connection method in the prior art;

[0034] Figure 7 is the box-shaped plunger welding - core barrel type flange connection in the prior art;

[0035] In the figures: 1, upper column; 2, lower column; 3, spherical connector; 4, connection sleeve; 11, first rib; 12, first weld; 21, second rib; 22, second weld; 31, first flange plate; 32, second flange plate; 33, SMA intelligent bolt; 34, spherical convex part; 35, spherical concave groove; 36, wireless strain acquisition device; 37, first connection hole; 41, C-shaped part; 42, energy-dissipating bolt; 43, flange connection area; 44, first slot; 45, second slot; 46, strain connection piece; 47, first weld groove; 48, second weld groove; 49, second connection hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0036] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] Defects and deficiencies of the prior art

[0038] 1. Refer to the attached Figure 5 As shown, the welding connection method has the following deficiencies:

[0039] (1) The construction sequence is complex

[0040] First of all, before welding, a series of preparatory work needs to be carried out, such as the preparation of welding materials, the debugging of welding equipment, the formulation of welding processes, etc. Secondly, precise positioning and assembly are required between the columns. Usually, positioning ear plates are used to ensure the accurate docking of the welding parts. This process requires welding the ear plates at the corresponding positions of the two columns first, then leaving a weld distance between the columns and after the columns are leveled smoothly, quickly tightening with bolts. Then the columns are welded. For large columns or welds with high requirements, multi-layer and multi-pass welding is usually required. This means that after each layer of weld is completed, steps such as slag cleaning, grinding, and preheating need to be carried out, and then the next layer of welding is carried out. This multi-layer and multi-pass welding method not only increases the construction time but also improves the construction difficulty. After welding, strict inspection of the welds is required, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing (such as X-ray testing, ultrasonic testing), etc., to ensure the quality and strength of the welds. For unqualified welds, repair or re-welding is required. Finally, after welding is completed, the positioning ear plates on the column wall are cut off. Therefore, the construction efficiency is low and the cost is increasing day by day.

[0041] (2) The welding residual stress is large and not clear

[0042] During the welding process, due to local high temperature and subsequent rapid cooling during welding, significant shrinkage and deformation will occur in the weld and its surrounding areas. This shrinkage and deformation will not only reduce the overall strength and stiffness of the structure but may also have an adverse impact on the fatigue life and seismic performance of the structure. In extreme cases, they may also cause weld cracking, thus endangering the safety of the entire structure. Many earthquake examples can prove that this residual stress will cause weld failures during earthquakes. For example: the Northridge earthquake in the United States, the Kobe earthquake in Japan, etc.

[0043] Although the existence of welding residual stress is well-known, its specific magnitude and distribution are often difficult to accurately measure and predict. This is mainly because the welding process involves multiple complex factors, such as welding materials, welding methods, welding parameters, component geometry and dimensions, etc. The interaction between these factors makes the generation and distribution of welding residual stress very complex.

[0044] (3) Construction quality is restricted by manual work and it is difficult to guarantee.

[0045] Welding construction is a job highly dependent on manual operation and requires a high level of skill and knowledge of welding technicians. However, manual operation often has uncertainties and uncontrollabilities. For example, welding technicians may be affected by factors such as fatigue and distraction during the welding process, resulting in operation errors or unstable welding quality. In addition, environmental conditions at the construction site, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc., may also affect welding quality, and these factors are often difficult for humans to fully control.

[0046] When monitoring and inspecting welding quality, there are often certain limitations. For example, non-destructive testing may not be able to detect all types of welding defects, such as tiny cracks or slag inclusions. In addition, the results of non-destructive testing are also affected by the technical level and experience of the inspectors, and there may be misjudgments or missed judgments. Therefore, even if non-destructive testing is carried out, it cannot fully guarantee the reliability of welding quality.

[0047] (4) Serious air pollution during welding

[0048] Serious air pollution during welding is a problem that cannot be ignored, which mainly poses a serious threat to the environment and the health of welding workers. Welding air pollution mainly includes chemical harmful pollution and physical harmful pollution.

[0049] Chemical harmful pollution: mainly includes welding fume: Welding fume is the tiny particulate matter formed by the oxidation and condensation of the vapor generated by metals and non-metals under overheated conditions during the welding process. These particulate matters are usually in the form of fragments, sticky, high in temperature, and large in dust emission. The chemical composition of the fume depends on the composition of welding materials (welding wires, electrodes, fluxes, etc.) and the materials being welded. Harmful gases: Under the high-temperature welding arc, various harmful gases will be generated, such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, fluorides, and chlorides, etc. These gases have potential damaging effects on the human respiratory system, nervous system, etc.

[0050] Physical harmful pollution: mainly includes noise pollution and high-frequency electromagnetic radiation pollution, which may cause damage to the human nervous system and skin; light pollution, the light radiation generated during the welding process may also cause a certain degree of eye damage.

[0051] (5) Difficult to repair after an earthquake

[0052] First, the damage caused by earthquakes to welded structures is often very complicated. Due to the impact and vibration of seismic waves, welded joints may suffer from various forms of damage such as cracks, fractures, and deformation. These damages not only affect the integrity of the structure, but may also change its original mechanical properties and bearing capacity. Therefore, when repairing, detailed evaluation and detection of the damage is required to determine the scope, extent, and nature of the damage, which increases the difficulty of repair. Secondly, welding repairs need to meet certain accuracy and quality requirements to ensure that the repaired structure can meet the original design requirements and use functions. After an earthquake, welded structures are often in a damaged and unstable state, which increases the difficulty and risk of repair work. At the same time, earthquakes may also cause damage to the surrounding environment, such as road interruptions and power outages, which further restricts the progress of repair work. In a harsh repair environment, workers need to take additional safety measures and protective measures to ensure the smooth progress of the repair work. After an earthquake, in order to resume production and living order as soon as possible, the repair work of welded structures usually needs to be completed in a relatively short period of time. However, due to the limitations of factors such as the difficulty of repair and the harsh working environment, it becomes very difficult to complete high-quality repair work in a short period of time.

[0053] 2. See Appendix Figure 6 As shown, the flange connection method has the following shortcomings:

[0054] (1) High processing accuracy requirements, not suitable for leveling

[0055] During leveling, if there is a slight deviation in the parallelism of the flange plane, the centroidal axes of the upper and lower column sections will not completely coincide, which will cause the column to become a compression-bending member, making the main structure unstable.

[0056] At the same time, in terms of processing accuracy, the bolt hole position tolerance of the flange must be controlled within ±0.5mm, and the inner diameter / outer diameter size tolerance must be ±0.05mm to ensure the matching accuracy between the columns; the sealing surface flatness requirements are strict to ensure sealing performance.

[0057] (2) The bolt consumption is large and the cost is high

[0058] Depending on the nominal diameter and pressure level, different flange connections require different numbers of bolts. For example, a DN100 flange requires 16 bolts, while a high-pressure flange may require 20-24 bolts. The seismic design specification requires an additional 20% safety margin for the number of bolts. Due to the large number, the cost will also increase accordingly. The price of stainless steel bolts is 2-3 times that of carbon steel bolts. If it is a high-pressure flange, special alloy steel is required. The increase in the number of bolts will also increase the installation cost. Special bolts must also be treated with anti-corrosion, such as galvanizing, which increases the additional cost.

[0059] (3) The force condition of the node is unfavorable to the connection of friction-type high-strength bolts

[0060] When the flange node bears axial tension or bending moment, the bolts are mainly in tension. When bearing lateral force, some bolts will be in shear, making some high-strength bolts in a state of tension and shear. However, the deformation of the flange plate will cause the bolts to bear bending load simultaneously, forming a combined action of tension and bending. Under the combined action of tension and bending, the bolts are prone to fatigue damage and the service life is reduced. At the same time, the deformation may lead to uneven distribution of bolt pre-tightening force, the pre-tightening force of some bolts decreases, the friction force weakens, and slippage may occur. When the node bears pressure, the bolts may stop working and no longer be stressed, but the pressure may cause the flange surface to separate, leading to certain risks.

[0061] (4) All bolts are vertically arranged, which is not suitable for installation and disassembly

[0062] Firstly, the operating space is insufficient, which greatly affects the installation efficiency. When the bolts are vertically arranged, the bolt axis is parallel to the gravity direction, and the wrench operation needs to maintain a horizontal rotation, which is difficult to achieve in a narrow space, and the installation time increases compared with the horizontal arrangement. Especially in restricted spaces such as pipe galleries, some bolts cannot use standard tools. The control of installation accuracy is also relatively difficult, and the self-weight of the bolts will also cause sagging deviation. During disassembly, the degree of rust has a certain impact. The accumulated water in the vertical gap causes the corrosion rate of the bottom bolts to be much higher than that of the horizontal ones, and the success rate of removing rusted bolts is relatively low. At the same time, there is also a risk of falling. When disassembling, the nuts are prone to falling, and additional anti-falling devices need to be set up, increasing the working hours and costs.

[0063] (5) The deformation of the node is obvious after the earthquake, and the post-earthquake repair is difficult

[0064] The main post-earthquake damage and deformation modes are as follows: Warping deformation of the flange surface: The non-uniform bending moment caused by the earthquake motion causes the flange to deform in a "flanged edge" shape; Cooperative failure of the bolt group: Necking fracture occurs in the bolts in the tensile zone, thread jamming occurs in the bolts in the compression zone, and the residual pre-tightening force generally decays; Failure of the sealing system: The compression permanent deformation of the graphite gasket exceeds the limit, and the metal wound gasket has a "spring failure"; There are limitations in on-site repair. The correction efficiency of the flame correction method is relatively low. Cold correction requires a hydraulic device of more than 800t, and the toughness of the material decreases after secondary correction. Difficulty in matching and replacement: The roundness tolerance of the deformed flange and the newly built pipe section exceeds the standard, and the bolt hole deviation causes most of the original bolts to be non-reusable, and special-shaped gaskets need to be customized, increasing the cost. Requirements for stress control: The residual stress of the repair welding needs to be controlled within 150 MPa.

[0065] 3. See the appendix Figure 7 As shown, the box-shaped plug weld-core barrel type flange connection has the following deficiencies:

[0066] (1) Difficult post-earthquake repair

[0067] After an earthquake, if the core tube is damaged, it is difficult to demolish and replace it.

[0068] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] Refer to Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides an assembled self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint, which includes a spherical connector 3 arranged between the upper column 1 and the lower column 2. A connecting sleeve 4 is wrapped and locked outside the spherical connector 3, and the connecting sleeve 4 is respectively clamped with the upper column 1 and the lower column 2;

[0070] The spherical connector 3 includes a first flange plate 31 and a second flange plate 32 arranged corresponding to each other up and down. The first flange plate 31 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper column 1, and the second flange plate 32 is fixedly connected to the top end of the lower column 2. The first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32 are locked and connected by a plurality of SMA intelligent bolts 33;

[0071] A spherical adjustment module is arranged between the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32;

[0072] The connecting sleeve 4 includes C-shaped members 41 arranged oppositely. The two C-shaped members 41 are locked and connected to the connection position of the upper column 1 and the lower column 2 by a plurality of energy-dissipating bolts 42.

[0073] The present invention discloses an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing node and an installation method. The spherical connector 3 includes a first flange plate 31 and a second flange plate 32 corresponding to each other, which are connected by an SMA intelligent bolt 33. A spherical adjustment module is arranged between the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32. The SMA intelligent bolt 33 is used to match the traditional mortise and tenon connection concept. When the upper column 1 and the lower column 2 are installed, the spherical connection can be slightly rotated. The positioning between the columns can be fine-tuned by tightening or loosening the SMA intelligent bolt 33, which reduces the installation difficulty, has the advantages of easy installation and easy disassembly, avoids structural stress instability due to installation accuracy problems, effectively solves the problem that the traditional connection method is difficult to accurately level, and improves safety. The assembly accuracy is improved to ensure the coincidence of the centroidal axes of the upper and lower column sections, so that the main structure is more stable when subjected to stress. When the structure is subjected to stress, the spherical connector 3, as the main connecting component, can transfer the load borne by the upper column 1 to the lower column 2, and when subjected to axial pressure, the pressure can be transferred downward. When encountering complex stress conditions such as lateral force, it works in coordination with the connecting sleeve 4 and other components to jointly bear and transfer the load, thereby enhancing the integrity and bearing capacity of the node, and together with the C-shaped component 41 and other components, a dual energy dissipation mechanism is formed. During an earthquake, the spherical connector 3 works in coordination with the C-shaped component 41, etc., and through the dual energy dissipation mechanism, it helps to transform and dissipate the earthquake energy, protect the main structure, and reduce the damage to the columns. At the same time, it also meets the requirements of easy recovery after an earthquake, and is easy to repair after an earthquake. , which is convenient for adjusting and repairing the nodes; the connecting sleeve 4 is composed of relatively arranged C-shaped parts 41 locked and connected by energy-absorbing bolts 42. It is the first to yield and consume energy in an earthquake, dissipates energy through plastic deformation, and protects the main structure together with the spherical connector 3 to reduce the damage to the column; at the same time, the C-shaped part 41 adopts the energy-absorbing bolt 42 connection and snap-on design, which is convenient for quick disassembly and installation. After the earthquake, the damaged C-shaped part 41 can be quickly replaced, so that the structure can immediately restore its bearing capacity, ensure its use function, save repair costs and do not need to stop work; the application of SMA smart bolts 33 realizes full-time monitoring of the strain in the node area, provides data for structural health monitoring, and can predict potential faults through cloud modeling and machine learning algorithms; and SMA smart bolts 33 has a shape memory effect and can reset itself after being deformed by force in an earthquake. It dissipates energy through phase change and participates in a dual energy dissipation mechanism, effectively preventing the column from tilting, reducing residual deformation, and improving the seismic performance of the structure. The C-shaped member 41 cooperates with the energy dissipation bolt 42 to dissipate energy through plastic deformation and shear force during an earthquake, and jointly bears the bending moment between the upper column 1 and the lower column 2, realizing the external energy dissipation function in the dual energy dissipation mechanism, reducing damage to the column, and protecting the main structure. The C-shaped members 41 are connected by energy dissipation bolts 42, combined with the mortise and tenon connection concept, which reduces the use of high-strength bolts, realizes precise reinforcement of bolts, reduces costs, and is easy to install and disassemble. After the earthquake, the damaged bolts or C-shaped members 41 can be replaced to restore the structural function.The structure of the present invention is compact, strengthened and reinforced at key positions, facilitating installation and disassembly, increasing the connection strength. The flexibility of the mortise and tenon joint plus the reset ability of the SMA bolts effectively reduce the residual deformation after an earthquake. At the same time, only the damaged bolts or mortise and tenon joint components need to be replaced, without adjusting the main structure, which is convenient for post-earthquake maintenance.

[0074] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32 first provide a base support for the spherical connection module; secondly, the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32 are welded to the upper column 1 and the lower column 2 and then connected together by SMA intelligent bolts 33, playing a certain connection role.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present invention, the number of SMA intelligent bolts 33 is 8, and they are evenly arranged on the four sides of the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32.

[0076] In a further optimized solution, the spherical adjustment module includes a correspondingly arranged spherical convex member 34 and a spherical concave groove 35. The top end of the spherical convex member 34 is fixedly connected to the first flange plate 31, the bottom end of the spherical concave groove 35 is fixedly connected to the second flange plate 32, and the spherical convex member 34 is slidably connected in the spherical concave groove 35. The spherical convex member 34 and the spherical concave groove 35 constitute the spherical adjustment module, enabling relative sliding between the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32, facilitating leveling and fine positioning adjustment during column installation, and reducing the installation difficulty; during installation, through column hoisting, the spherical convex member 34 is inserted into the spherical concave groove 35, and then leveling is performed through the SMA intelligent bolts 33. Since the spherical connection can rotate slightly, adjustment between columns can be achieved; when the column is tilted to one side, by tightening the SMA intelligent bolts 33 on the opposite side and loosening the SMA intelligent bolts 33 on this side, fine positioning adjustment between columns is realized, solving the problem that it is difficult to perform fine adjustment on columns with existing flange connections and welding; the SMA intelligent bolts 33 can also play a role in connecting the two columns. After leveling, all the SMA intelligent bolts 33 are tightened. At the same time, when the column bears axial pressure, this spherical connection structure can also transmit the axial force downward.

[0077] In a further optimized solution, a flange connection area 43 is provided inside the C-shaped member 41. The flange connection area 43 is correspondingly arranged with the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32. After the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32 are locked and connected, they are embedded and installed in the flange connection area 43; the height of the flange connection area 43 is not lower than the length of the SMA intelligent bolts 33. The flange connection area 43 is arranged in the middle of the C-shaped member 41, enabling there to be a certain space inside the C-shaped member 41 when the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32 are connected; the flange connection area 43: the height of the flange connection area 43 is not lower than the length of the SMA intelligent bolts 33, ensuring the stable connection of the SMA intelligent bolts 33 and avoiding the influence of bolt exposure on the joint performance.

[0078] For a further optimized solution, a first rib 11 arranged in a ring is fixedly welded to the lower end of the upper column 1, and a second rib 21 arranged in a ring is fixedly welded to the upper end of the lower column 2. The first rib 11 and the second rib 21 are respectively embedded and positioned in two locked C-shaped members 41; first slots 44 and second slots 45 are provided on the inner wall of the C-shaped member 41 and are arranged corresponding to each other up and down. The first slot 44 corresponds to the first rib 11, and the second slot 45 corresponds to the second rib 21. The first rib 11 and the second rib 21 are respectively welded to the outer walls of the upper column 1 and the lower column 2 and are used to be inserted into the first slot 44 and the second slot 45 on the C-shaped energy dissipation member, so that the C-shaped member 41 is convenient to install and fix; when the column is subjected to a lateral force, the first rib 11 and the first slot 44 and the second rib 21 and the second slot 45 that are fitted together can jointly bear the bending moment and transfer the bending moment through the C-shaped member 41; the specifications of the first slot 44 and the second slot 45 can be matched according to the first rib 11 and the second rib 21. After the C-shaped member 41 is respectively inserted into the first slot 44 and the second slot 45 through the first rib 11 and the second rib 21, it can tightly fasten the upper and lower columns and is convenient for installation.

[0079] In an embodiment of the present invention, when installing two C-shaped members 41, they are buckled from both sides, so that the first rib 11 and the second rib 21 are respectively inserted into the first slot 44 and the second slot 45, and then connected by energy dissipation bolts 42 on both sides. The main functions are, firstly, to play a connecting role, to tightly connect the two columns together to form a whole and increase the coordination of force; secondly, and most importantly, to dissipate energy. It is hoped that when an earthquake occurs, the C-shaped member 41 can dissipate energy and be damaged first to protect the column or minimize the damage to the column as much as possible. Its energy dissipation mechanism is that when the two sides not connected by the energy dissipation bolts 42 are subjected to a lateral force, the ribs and the slots jointly bear a certain bending moment to dissipate energy, and at the same time, the energy dissipation bolts 42 can also bear a certain shear force to dissipate energy.

[0080] For a further optimized solution, a wireless strain acquisition device 36 is provided inside the SMA intelligent bolt 33, and several strain connection pieces 46 are provided inside the flange connection area 43. The strain connection pieces 46 are arranged corresponding to the SMA intelligent bolts 33. The SMA intelligent bolt 33 is made of shape memory alloy and is internally provided with a wireless strain acquisition device 36. It is mainly used to connect the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32, and utilizes the memory alloy to provide post-earthquake self-recovery ability for the splicing node to achieve post-earthquake self-resetting. The wireless strain acquisition device 36 can obtain the stress condition of the column by analyzing the strain data of the SMA intelligent bolt 33, realizing the intelligent monitoring of the entire life cycle of the node. When in use, the stress condition of the bolt can be judged by monitoring the data in the later stage, providing effective data support for the repair plan. And 8 wireless strain gauges are installed at the position corresponding to the SMA intelligent bolt 33 on the flange connection area 43, and the two strain detection systems are arranged correspondingly, which helps to mutually verify the data and improve the accuracy of the data. The data of the wireless strain gauges can be observed. Through these two strain acquisition systems, the strain in the node area can be monitored in real time, and the stress states of the C-shaped part and the SMA bolt can also be judged respectively to evaluate the energy dissipation and damage states of the structure, providing effective data support for the later repair plan.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention, the readings of the wireless strain acquisition device 36 and the corresponding strain connection pieces 46 are mutually verified, and the damage location or the stage in which the structure is located is judged according to the difference. If the data of both increase or decrease simultaneously and have a certain proportional relationship, it indicates that the node is in the elastic stage. If they increase simultaneously and do not have a certain proportional relationship, it means that plastic deformation must occur at one of the positions, and then the readings are used to judge which one of the C-shaped part 41 and the SMA intelligent bolt 33 enters the plastic stage. If the two do not increase simultaneously, it means that there is a problem with the strain gauge and it needs to be repaired.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, the C-shaped member 41 is made of Q235 steel, and the steel used in other parts is Q355. The main purpose is to use steel with a lower yield point as the material of the C-shaped member to ensure that the C-shaped member yields and consumes energy first, so that when encountering an earthquake, the C-shaped member 41 yields and consumes energy first, protecting the column or reducing the damage to the column as much as possible. The C-shaped member 41 does not bear the vertical load and only serves as an energy-absorbing component. Its deformation or failure will not affect the overall stability of the structure. The C-shaped member 41 has good post-earthquake repairability and can be modularly designed and quickly replaced. The C-shaped member 41 adopts an energy-absorbing bolt 42 connection and a snap-on design, which is convenient for rapid disassembly and installation. The same specification C-shaped member 41 can be reserved in advance and directly replaced after the earthquake to shorten the repair time. The replaced C-shaped member 41 allows the structure to immediately restore its bearing capacity and ensure its use function. Compared with the comprehensive repair of traditional structures, replacing the C-shaped member 41 can save a lot of costs and does not require shutdown. After the C-shaped member 41 is replaced, the seismic performance of the structure is restored to the pre-earthquake level and can withstand aftershocks.

[0083] In one embodiment of the present invention, the number, specification and material strength of the energy-absorbing bolts 42 can be adjusted as a design parameter. At the same time, our energy-absorbing bolts 42 are arranged horizontally, which solves the problem that the vertical arrangement in the existing flange connection is difficult to install and disassemble, and can significantly improve the installation efficiency and reduce costs.

[0084] In one embodiment of the present invention, the SMA smart bolt 33 has a shape memory effect. SMA forms a stable austenite phase at high temperature and changes to an easily deformable martensite phase at low temperature. After being deformed by force in an earthquake, the martensite reverse phase transformation to austenite is triggered by the increase of ambient temperature or active heating, so that the SMA smart bolt 33 returns to its original state; since the earthquake energy increases the temperature of the bolt, the shape memory effect SME may be directly triggered without external heating. The seismic performance advantage of the SMA smart bolt 33 is very obvious and widely used. By observing its hysteresis curve, it is found that it consumes energy during loading and resets during unloading, without strength and stiffness degradation. The equivalent damping ratio is much higher than that of traditional nodes. There is also a certain control over the residual deformation control, and the maximum recoverable rotation angle is far higher than that of traditional nodes. After multiple loadings, the self-reset ability is still maintained, and the residual deformation is controllable. Increasing the bolt length improves the rotation capacity, increasing the bolt diameter increases the bearing capacity, and the pre-strain affects the initial stiffness and energy consumption efficiency.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present invention, the core of the wireless strain gauge is a resistance strain gauge, whose grid-like metal wire deforms when subjected to force, resulting in a change in resistance value. The structural strain can be inferred by measuring the resistance change.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, the data of the wireless strain gauge and the strain acquisition device built in the SMA intelligent bolt 33 are complementary, making the result of the joint monitoring more accurate. Later, through cloud modeling, a structural health model can be constructed using machine learning algorithms to predict potential faults, and a real-time monitoring interface can be provided on the visualization platform to support historical data retrieval and trend analysis.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, during an earthquake, the ground vibration energy is input into the structure in the form of waves, part of which is converted into kinetic energy and elastic strain energy, and the rest needs to be dissipated through damping and inelastic deformation. By using the idea of energy dissipation, this node adopts a dual energy dissipation mechanism of the C-shaped member 41 and the SMA intelligent bolt 33, which can greatly reduce the damage suffered by the column, thereby protecting the main structure. The C-shaped member 41 dissipates energy through plastic deformation, and the SMA intelligent bolt 33 dissipates energy through the phase change of the shape memory alloy, forming a collaborative energy dissipation system. First, when the column is subjected to a lateral force, the bending moment is transmitted to the C-shaped member 41 through the first rib 11 and the second rib 21, and the C-shaped member 41 and the rib jointly bear the transmitted bending moment, thereby realizing the dissipation of the energy transmitted by damages such as earthquakes. Secondly, by using the SMA bolt to connect the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32, after being damaged by an earthquake, the SMA intelligent bolt 33 has the function of self-resetting, can change its own shape, can bear tensile force or shear force, can effectively prevent and ensure the inclination of the column, thereby achieving the effect of earthquake energy dissipation, and thus realizing the protection of the column. The above dual energy dissipation mechanism, one can bear tensile and shear forces inside, and the other can bear bending moment outside. The two work together to double protect the column, so it is safer.

[0088] In a further optimized solution, the upper and lower sides of the first rib 11 are respectively welded and fixed to the side wall of the upper column 1 through the first weld 12, and the upper and lower sides of the first slot 44 are provided with first weld grooves 47 corresponding to the first weld 12; the upper and lower sides of the second rib 21 are respectively welded and fixed to the side wall of the lower column 2 through the second weld 22, and the upper and lower sides of the second slot 45 are provided with second weld grooves 48 corresponding to the second weld 22. The first rib 11 is welded to the outer wall of the upper column 1 through the upper and lower first welds 12, and the second rib 21 is welded to the outer wall of the lower column 2 through the second weld 22, which increases the firmness of the connection and ensures the connection strength; while the first slot 44 is provided with the first weld groove 47, and the second slot 45 is provided with the second weld groove 48, which is convenient for the tight fitting of the C-shaped member 41 and will not be affected by the rib welds when inserted.

[0089] In one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention utilizes the flexible energy dissipation mechanism of the mortise and tenon joints to set up a rib and slot connection with semi-consolidated and semi-living hinge characteristics, and forms a node through concave and convex bite, which is neither completely rigid nor completely loose, allowing a slight sliding between the rib and the slot. During an earthquake, the connection can transform the horizontal earthquake force into friction and elastic deformation energy through rotation and sliding, because they bite each other, to avoid the structure from being destroyed due to local stress concentration.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present invention, a dual energy dissipation mechanism of a C-shaped member 41 and an SMA smart bolt 33 is adopted, which can greatly reduce the damage to the column, thereby protecting the main structure. The C-shaped member 41 dissipates energy through plastic deformation, and the SMA smart bolt 33 dissipates energy through phase change, forming a synergistic energy dissipation system.

[0091] The present application also discloses a method for installing an assembled self-resetting intelligent steel frame column splicing node, comprising the following steps:

[0092] Process each component off-site according to the design drawings; process the upper column 1 and the lower column 2 according to the designed size and shape, use Q355 material, and cut and process the column according to the designed size and shape to form the upper column 1 and the lower column 2, ensuring that their end faces are flat and free of burrs; the first rib 11 and the second rib 21: use Q355 or higher strength steel, and weld them to the column wall according to the design plan; the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32 are prefabricated with Q355 or higher strength steel to ensure that their contact area with the column is sufficient, and to ensure that the spherical convex part 34 and the spherical concave groove 35 are made in accordance with the requirements; cut the flange plate according to the designed size and shape, pay attention to grinding the spherical convex part 34 and the spherical concave groove 35 to ensure that there are no burrs, and drill holes at the same time to reserve for SM A first connection hole 37 connected by a smart bolt 33; SMA smart bolts 33 and energy-absorbing bolts 42 are purchased according to the specifications and quantity required by the design, and the SMA smart bolts 33 are equipped with a built-in wireless strain acquisition device 36 to ensure that the strength and preload force of the bolts meet the requirements, and the energy-absorbing bolts 42 are pre-treated by cleaning and inspection to ensure that their surfaces are free of damage and rust; C-shaped parts 41 are made of Q235 and below strength materials, and the C-shaped parts 41 are cut according to the designed size and shape to ensure that the slots are flat and free of burrs, which is convenient for the insertion of ribs, and weld slots are reserved to ensure the fit between the C-shaped parts 41 and the column, and drilling operations are used to reserve the second connection holes 49 connected by the energy-absorbing bolts 42; the finished parts are subjected to quality inspections such as dimensional inspection and appearance inspection to ensure that they meet the design requirements;

[0093] Weld the first flange plate 31 to the bottom end of the upper column 1, weld the second flange plate 32 to the top end of the lower column 2, and connect the spherical adjustment module correspondingly between the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32; weld the first rib 11 to the designated positions on the column wall of the upper column 1 respectively, then weld the second rib 21 to the designated positions on the column wall of the lower column 2, then weld the first flange plate 31 to the bottom end of the upper column 1, weld the second flange plate 32 to the bottom end of the lower column 2, and align the first connection holes 37 on the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32;

[0094] Connect the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32 through the SMA intelligent bolt 33, and realize the adjustment between the upper column 1 and the lower column 2 through the SMA intelligent bolt 33 and the spherical connector 3; place the lower column 2 at the foundation or the designed position and fix it preliminarily, then through hoisting, insert the spherical convex part 34 at the bottom end of the upper column 1 into the spherical concave groove 35 of the lower column 2, then install the SMA intelligent bolt 33 connecting the first flange plate 31 and the second flange plate 32, and level it through the SMA intelligent bolt 33. Since the spherical connection can rotate slightly, the adjustment between the columns can be realized. When the column tilts to one side, tighten the SMA intelligent bolt 33 on the opposite side and loosen the SMA intelligent bolt 33 on this side, which realizes the fine positioning adjustment between the columns. After leveling, tighten the SMA intelligent bolt 33;

[0095] Buckling-connect the two sides of the first flange and the second flange with the C-shaped part 41, and then connect the two C-shaped parts 41 together through the energy-dissipating bolt 42; before installing the C-shaped part 41, install the wireless strain gauge at the designated position corresponding to the SMA intelligent bolt 33 on the C-shaped part 41, insert the first rib 11 and the second rib 21 on the column wall into the first slot 44 and the second slot 45 of the C-shaped part 41 respectively, tightly buckle the C-shaped part 41 on both sides of the connection point of the upper column 1 and the lower column 2, and then connect the two C-shaped parts 41 together through the energy-dissipating bolt 42;

[0096] Monitor the load data of the splicing joint, evaluate the state of the column splicing joint according to the collected data, and timely discover potential safety hazards; install wireless strain gauges at the designated positions of the C-shaped part 41 for real-time monitoring of the state and stress changes of the C-shaped part 41; collect the load data through the strain gauges of the C-shaped part 41 and the built-in strain gauges of the SMA intelligent bolt 33, transmit it to the intelligent monitoring system for analysis, evaluate the state of the column splicing joint according to the collected data, and timely discover potential safety hazards such as bolt loosening and deformation;

[0097] During post-earthquake repair, first detect the column splicing joints and conduct damage assessment, and then repair or replace components according to the assessment results; during the post-earthquake repair stage, first conduct damage assessment on the post-earthquake column splicing joints, analyze the force failure situation through the monitored strain data, determine the components that need to be replaced or repaired, and then, according to the damage assessment results, replace the damaged components. For example, if the C-shaped part 41 is severely deformed, replace it with a new C-shaped part 41 of the same size; if the energy-dissipating bolt 42 is loose or damaged, replace it with a new energy-dissipating bolt 42; finally, fasten and re-level the replaced components to ensure that the column splicing joints are restored to their pre-earthquake functions and states, and at the same time conduct quality inspection on the repaired column splicing joints to ensure that they meet the design requirements.

[0098] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0099] The above-described embodiments are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembled self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint, characterized in that: It includes a spherical connector (3) arranged between the upper column (1) and the lower column (2). The spherical connector (3) is wrapped and locked with a connecting sleeve (4), and the connecting sleeve (4) is respectively clamped with the upper column (1) and the lower column (2). The spherical connector (3) includes a first flange plate (31) and a second flange plate (32) arranged corresponding to each other up and down. The first flange plate (31) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper column (1), and the second flange plate (32) is fixedly connected to the top end of the lower column (2). The first flange plate (31) and the second flange plate (32) are locked and connected by a number of SMA intelligent bolts (33). A spherical adjustment module is arranged between the first flange plate (31) and the second flange plate (32). The connecting sleeve (4) includes C-shaped parts (41) arranged oppositely. The two C-shaped parts (41) are locked and connected by a number of energy-dissipating bolts (42) at the connection position between the upper column (1) and the lower column (2).

2. The prefabricated self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spherical adjustment module includes a spherical convex part (34) and a spherical concave groove (35) arranged correspondingly. The top end of the spherical convex part (34) is fixedly connected to the first flange plate (31), and the bottom end of the spherical concave groove (35) is fixedly connected to the second flange plate (32). The spherical convex part (34) is slidably connected in the spherical concave groove (35).

3. The prefabricated self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 1, wherein: A flange connection area (43) is formed inside the C-shaped part (41). The flange connection area (43) is arranged corresponding to the first flange plate (31) and the second flange plate (32). After being locked and connected, the first flange plate (31) and the second flange plate (32) are embedded and installed in the flange connection area (43).

4. The assembled self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first rib (11) arranged in a ring shape is fixedly welded to the lower end of the upper column (1), and a second rib (21) arranged in a ring shape is fixedly welded to the upper end of the lower column (2). The first rib (11) and the second rib (21) are respectively embedded and positioned inside the two locked and connected C-shaped parts (41).

5. The prefabricated self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 4, characterized in that: First slots (44) and second slots (45) arranged corresponding to each other up and down are formed on the inner wall of the C-shaped part (41). The first slot (44) is arranged corresponding to the first rib (11), and the second slot (45) is arranged corresponding to the second rib (21).

6. The assembled self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 3, characterized in that: The height of the flange connection area (43) is not less than the length of the SMA intelligent bolt (33).

7. The assembled self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 3, characterized in that: A wireless strain acquisition device (36) is arranged inside the SMA intelligent bolt (33), and a number of strain connection pieces (46) are arranged inside the flange connection area (43). The strain connection pieces (46) are arranged corresponding to the SMA intelligent bolts (33).

8. The prefabricated self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper and lower sides of the first rib (11) are fixedly welded to the side wall of the upper column (1) through first welds (12), and first weld grooves (47) corresponding to the first welds (12) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the first slot (44).

9. The prefabricated self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper and lower sides of the second rib (21) are respectively welded and fixed to the side wall of the lower column (2) through a second weld seam (22), and second weld seam grooves (48) corresponding to the second weld seam (22) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the second slot (45).

10. An installation method for an assembled self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint, which is used to install the assembled self-centering intelligent steel frame column splicing joint described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Process each component off-site according to the design drawings; Weld the first flange plate (31) to the bottom end of the upper column (1), weld the second flange plate (32) to the top end of the lower column (2), and connect the corresponding spherical adjustment module between the first flange plate (31) and the second flange plate (32); Connect the first flange plate (31) and the second flange plate (32) through the SMA intelligent bolt (33), and realize the adjustment between the upper column (1) and the lower column (2) through the SMA intelligent bolt (33) and the spherical connector (3); Buckling the C-shaped parts (41) on both sides of the first flange plate (31) and the second flange plate (32), and then connecting the two C-shaped parts (41) together through the energy dissipation bolts (42); Monitor the load data of the splicing joint, evaluate the state of the column splicing joint according to the collected data, and timely discover potential safety hazards; During post-earthquake repair, first detect the column splicing joint and conduct damage assessment, and then repair or replace the components according to the assessment results.

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