Operation control method, system, equipment and program product for core drilling rig

Abstract

The present application proposes an operation control method, system, equipment and program product for a coring drill, the method comprising: obtaining geological information of the construction area and parsing out geological features; constructing rock formation partitions and predicting rock formation depths; configuring partition features and predictive drilling plans; constructing a predictive data transmission plan; controlling a preset coring drill to drill the construction area and obtain actual drilling data, from which rock formation data is parsed; selecting a reference rock formation partition, and performing operations and data transmission based on the predictive drilling plan and predictive data transmission plan of the reference rock formation partition. The present application combines accurate prediction of geological information with dynamic adjustment of data transmission to dynamically and accurately grasp the rock formation conditions, while ensuring accurate and efficient operation of the coring drill, while improving the stability and timeliness of data transmission during the operation, intelligently completing most of the data analysis and decision-making processes, and improving the automation level of the operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of coring drills, and more specifically, to an operation control method, system, equipment, and program product for a coring drill. Background Art

[0002] Core drilling rigs are crucial in many fields, including geological exploration and mineral extraction. They can obtain core samples from underground rock formations, providing important evidence for subsequent geological analysis and resource assessment. However, traditional core drilling rig control methods have numerous problems and are no longer able to meet the requirements of modern engineering projects for efficient and precise construction.

[0003] Traditional core drilling operations offer a relatively vague understanding of the geological conditions in the construction area. In the early stages of construction, access to geological information is limited, often relying on limited drill data and surface geological surveys. This makes it difficult to fully and accurately grasp the geological characteristics of the area to be drilled. This leads to significant errors and uncertainties in the interpretation of rock formation structural characteristics and physical properties. In actual operations, drillers may drill based on incorrectly predicted rock formation depths and strata zoning. When encountering unexpectedly complex rock formations, this can easily lead to drill bit damage, low drilling efficiency, and low core recovery rates, increasing construction costs and potentially delaying the project. Furthermore, existing data transmission solutions for core drilling rigs lack flexibility and specificity. Data transmission methods are often determined using a single standard, without comprehensively considering actual factors such as rock formation depth, predicted drilling plan, and rock formation structural characteristics. The complexity of data transmission varies significantly for rock formations of varying depths and structural characteristics. However, traditional solutions cannot be reasonably adjusted based on these differences, which may lead to the use of inappropriate transmission methods in rock formations with high data transmission complexity. For example, the use of wireless transmission in rock formations with severe signal interference can cause data loss, transmission delays and other problems, affecting the real-time monitoring and control of the drilling process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, this application provides a method, system, device, and program product for controlling the operation of a coring drill. The specific solution is as follows:

[0005] In the first part, this application proposes an operation control method for a coring drill, comprising:

[0006] Obtain geological information of the area to be constructed and parse out geological characteristics including rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties from the geological information;

[0007] Analyze the rock formation types existing in the construction area based on the geological characteristics to construct multiple rock formation partitions, and predict the rock formation depth of each rock formation partition to obtain a predicted rock formation depth;

[0008] Based on the rock formation structure characteristics and rock formation physical properties, each rock formation partition is configured with corresponding partition characteristics and predicted drilling plans; a predicted data transmission plan is constructed for each rock formation partition based on the rock formation depth, predicted drilling plan and rock formation structure characteristics;

[0009] Controlling a preset coring drill to drill the construction area in a preset normal mode, obtaining actual drilling data and parsing therefrom rock cuttings data, rock formation penetration data, drill bit data, and actual rock formation depth, and analyzing the rock formation hardness and rock formation fragmentation in the current area based on the drill bit data;

[0010] According to the actual rock depth, rock hardness, rock fragmentation, rock cuttings data and rock permeability data of the current area, the zoning characteristics of each rock stratum partition are matched, and the rock stratum partition is selected as the reference rock stratum partition. The operation and data transmission are respectively carried out based on the predicted drilling plan and predicted data transmission plan of the reference rock stratum partition.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, obtaining the reference rock formation partition includes: matching the predicted rock formation depth of each rock formation partition with the actual rock formation depth, and taking the rock formation partition whose predicted rock formation depth includes the actual rock formation depth as the first rock formation partition;

[0012] A similarity analysis is performed on each first rock formation partition and the current area to obtain a first similarity result; if the first similarity result shows that there is a first rock formation partition whose similarity with the current area is higher than a preset threshold, the first rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the reference rock formation partition.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, obtaining the reference rock formation partition further includes: if the similarity analysis result shows that there is no first rock formation partition having a similarity with the current area higher than a preset threshold, then:

[0014] The rock formation partitions other than the first rock formation partition are regarded as second rock formation partitions. A similarity analysis is performed between each second rock formation partition and the current region to obtain a second similarity result. If the second similarity result shows that there is a second rock formation partition whose similarity with the current region is higher than a preset threshold, then:

[0015] The second rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the quasi-reference rock formation partition, the difference between the predicted rock formation depth and the actual rock formation depth of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is calculated, and the predicted data transmission plan of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is adjusted according to the difference, and the adjusted quasi-reference rock formation partition is used as the reference rock formation partition.

[0016] In some specific embodiments, the process of obtaining the predicted rock layer depth includes: after obtaining the geological characteristics, searching for a sample area with the same geological characteristics in a preset geological database;

[0017] Obtain the distribution of rock formations in the sample area, and analyze all rock formation types from them. Select one or more rock formation types with the highest frequency according to their occurrence frequency to obtain rock formation partitions.

[0018] All rock formation depths of each rock formation partition in the sample area are counted, and one or more rock formation depths with the highest frequency are selected according to the frequency of occurrence of the rock formation depths to obtain the predicted rock formation depth of the rock formation partition.

[0019] In some specific embodiments, the rock formation structural characteristics include the layer thickness, the number of layers, the contact relationship between layers, the degree of fracture development, and the direction of the rock formation;

[0020] The physical properties of the rock formation include hardness, strength, density, porosity and permeability of the rock formation.

[0021] In some specific embodiments, obtaining the predictive drilling plan specifically includes:

[0022] The degree of rock fragmentation is determined based on the degree of fracture development. When the degree of fragmentation exceeds a preset degree, a first drill bit capable of multi-angle rock fragmentation is selected. When the degree of fragmentation is lower than the preset degree, the predicted rock formation is divided into predicted hard rock formations and predicted soft rock formations based on their hardness and strength, and a second drill bit and a third drill bit are selected, respectively. The second drill bit has a greater hardness and wear resistance than the third drill bit.

[0023] Adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the third drill bit according to the thickness and number of rock layers, adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the second drill bit according to the hardness and strength of the rock formation, and adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the first drill bit according to the degree of fracture development; adjust the drilling process of the drill bit according to the contact relationship between layers; adjust the sealing and wall-forming properties of the drilling fluid according to the porosity and permeability of the rock formation, and select the pump volume of the drilling fluid; adjust the drilling direction according to the direction of the rock formation.

[0024] In some specific embodiments, the acquisition of the predicted data transmission scheme specifically includes: judging the complexity of data transmission based on the degree of fracture development, the contact relationship between layers, the predicted rock depth and the number of rock layers, and selecting wireless transmission, wired transmission or a combination of the two based on the complexity; predicting the drilling speed of the drill bit based on the hardness and strength of the rock formation, the drill bit rotation speed and the drilling pressure, and setting the data transmission frequency based on the drilling speed.

[0025] In the second part, this application proposes an operation control system for a coring drill, including:

[0026] An information acquisition unit, configured to acquire geological information of the area to be constructed and parse out geological characteristics including rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties from the geological information;

[0027] A rock formation prediction unit is used to analyze the rock formation types existing in the construction area based on the geological characteristics to construct multiple rock formation partitions, and predict the rock formation depth of each rock formation partition to obtain a predicted rock formation depth;

[0028] A scheme prediction unit is used to configure corresponding zone characteristics and predict drilling schemes for each rock layer zone according to the rock layer structural characteristics and rock layer physical properties;

[0029] Comprehensive rock depth, predicted drilling plan and rock structure characteristics to build a predictive data transmission plan for each rock zone;

[0030] a data analysis unit for controlling a preset coring drill to drill a construction area in a preset normal mode, obtaining actual drilling data and analyzing therefrom rock cuttings data, rock formation penetration data, drill bit data, and actual rock formation depth, and analyzing the rock formation hardness and rock formation fragmentation in the current area based on the drill bit data;

[0031] The solution application unit is used to match the zoning characteristics of each rock formation partition according to the actual rock formation depth, rock formation hardness, rock formation fragmentation, rock cuttings data and rock formation permeability data of the current area, select the rock formation partition as the reference rock formation partition, and perform operations and data transmission based on the predicted drilling plan and predicted data transmission plan of the reference rock formation partition.

[0032] In the third part, the present application proposes a computer device, the computer device comprising:

[0033] one or more processors;

[0034] a memory for storing one or more programs;

[0035] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement an operation control method for a coring drill as described in any one of the first parts.

[0036] In the fourth part, the present application proposes a computer program product, comprising executable instructions for implementing the operation control method of the coring drill rig as described in any one of the first parts when executed by a processor.

[0037] Beneficial effects: This application proposes an operation control method, system, equipment and program product for a coring drill rig. By combining the precise prediction of geological information with the dynamic adjustment of data transmission, combined with actual drilling data, the rock formation conditions are dynamically and accurately grasped, and a transmission scheme is constructed by comprehensively considering multiple factors of the rock formation. While ensuring the precise and efficient operation of the coring drill rig, the stability and timeliness of data transmission during the operation are improved, most of the data analysis and decision-making processes are completed intelligently, manual intervention is reduced, and the automation level of the operation is improved, providing technical support for the realization of unmanned or semi-unmanned coring drill rig operations. By constructing rock formation partitions, predicting rock formation depths, and configuring corresponding partition features and predictive drilling schemes, the coring drill rig can prepare for operations in advance for different rock formations, avoid blind drilling, reduce drill bit wear and equipment loss, and improve drilling efficiency. Based on the actual drilling data, the rock formation characteristics of the current area are analyzed in real time and matched with the preset rock formation partitions. Reference rock formation partitions are selected to guide subsequent operations and data transmission, so that the drill rig can adjust the operation mode in time according to the actual situation, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of the operation. Based on the actual drilling data, the rock characteristics of the current area are analyzed in real time and matched with the preset rock divisions. Reference rock divisions are selected to guide subsequent operations and data transmission, allowing the drilling rig to adjust the operation mode in a timely manner according to the actual situation, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of the operation.

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the operation control method of this application;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the operation control method of the present application;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of obtaining the reference rock stratum partitioning of this application;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the operation control system module of this application.

[0044] Reference numerals: 1-information acquisition unit; 2-stratum prediction unit; 3-scheme prediction unit; 4-data analysis unit; 5-scheme application unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] This application proposes a method for controlling the operation of a core drilling rig. Figure 1 As shown in the attached Figure 2 The specific plan is as follows:

[0047] A method for controlling an operation of a coring drill, comprising:

[0048] 101. Obtain geological information of the area to be constructed and parse out geological characteristics including rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties from the geological information;

[0049] 102. Analyze the rock types existing in the construction area based on geological characteristics to construct multiple rock divisions, and predict the rock depth of each rock division to obtain the predicted rock depth;

[0050] 103. Configure corresponding zoning characteristics and predicted drilling plans for each rock formation zone based on the rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties; construct a predicted data transmission plan for each rock formation zone based on the rock formation depth, predicted drilling plan, and rock formation structural characteristics;

[0051] 104. Control the preset coring drill to drill the construction area in a preset normal mode, obtain actual drilling data, parse the data to obtain rock cuttings data, rock formation penetration data, drill bit data, and actual rock formation depth, and analyze the rock formation hardness and rock formation fragmentation in the current area based on the drill bit data;

[0052] 105. Based on the actual rock depth, rock hardness, rock fragmentation, rock cuttings data, and rock permeability data of the current area, the characteristics of each rock formation zone are matched, and the rock formation zone is selected as the reference rock formation zone. The drilling operation and data transmission are respectively carried out based on the predicted drilling plan and predicted data transmission plan of the reference rock formation zone. The actual rock formation depth, rock hardness, rock fragmentation, rock cuttings data, and rock permeability data constitute the rock formation data.

[0053] In step 101, it involves obtaining geological information of the area to be constructed. Ways to obtain geological information include but are not limited to: geological survey reports: reports generated by geological surveys conducted in the past in the area or adjacent areas, which cover various information such as stratum distribution, rock types, and geological structures. Geophysical exploration: using gravity exploration, magnetic exploration, electrical exploration, seismic exploration and other means to detect underground geological structures and rock properties. Drilling and sampling: drilling directly in the construction area, extracting core samples, and analyzing the samples to obtain geological information. Remote sensing technology: using remote sensing data such as satellites and aerial images to interpret information such as topography, geological structures, etc.

[0054] After successfully acquiring geological information, it must be thoroughly analyzed to identify key geological features. In practical applications, geological modeling software and data analysis software are used to process and analyze the collected geological information. Geological modeling software can be used to construct three-dimensional models of underground geological structures, visually demonstrating the distribution and characteristics of rock formations. Geological experts are invited to interpret and analyze the data, leveraging their experience and knowledge to accurately determine the structural characteristics and physical properties of the rock formations.

[0055] Geological characteristics mainly include the following two aspects: rock formation structural characteristics: These characteristics can reflect the spatial distribution and morphology of rock formations, which are crucial for understanding underground geological structures and rock formation processes. Rock formation physical properties: These properties determine the mechanical properties and engineering characteristics of rocks and are crucial for selecting appropriate drilling equipment and processes. In some specific embodiments, rock formation structural characteristics include the layer thickness, number of layers, contact relationship between layers, degree of fracture development, and rock formation direction; rock formation physical properties include the hardness, strength, density, porosity, and permeability of the rock formation.

[0056] Layer thickness: The thickness difference of different rock layers will affect the difficulty and efficiency of drilling.

[0057] Number of layers: The number of layers in a rock formation reflects the complexity of the geological history.

[0058] The contact relationship between layers: such as conformable contact, unconformable contact, etc., reflects the history of geological tectonic movement.

[0059] Degree of fracture development: The presence of fractures will affect the stability of the rock and the loss of drilling fluid during drilling.

[0060] The direction of rock formation: that is, the extension direction of the rock formation on the horizontal plane, which is of great guiding significance for determining the drilling direction.

[0061] Hardness: reflects the ability of rock to resist local deformation, especially plastic deformation, indentation or scratching.

[0062] Strength: refers to the ability of rock to resist destruction under external forces.

[0063] Density: Related to the mineral composition and porosity of the rock.

[0064] Porosity: The ratio of the pore volume to the total volume in a rock, which affects the permeability and water storage capacity of the rock.

[0065] Permeability: A measure of the ability of rock to allow fluid to pass through, which has an important impact on drilling fluid circulation and core sampling during the drilling process.

[0066] Step 102, based on the geological characteristics acquired and analyzed in step 101, further subdivides the rock formations in the construction area and predicts their depth, providing a basis for developing a targeted operation plan. Based on the rock formation structural characteristics and physical properties obtained in step 101, the likely rock types within the construction area are determined. Different combinations of geological characteristics often correspond to specific rock formation types. For example, a rock formation with high hardness, high density, and few fractures may be granite, while a rock formation with high porosity and high permeability may be sandstone or limestone. Based on the rock formation types determined by the analysis, the construction area is divided into different zones, each containing rock formations with similar characteristics. For example, areas with similar hardness and lithology are classified as a rock formation zone. This zoning facilitates the implementation of different operation strategies for areas with different geological conditions. Through comprehensive analysis of geological information, the vertical distance from the surface to the top of each rock formation zone is estimated. This can be inferred using drilling data from the geological survey report, geophysical exploration results, and geological models.

[0067] Dividing the construction area into different rock formation zones enables more precise operational control. Different rock formation zones may require different drilling parameters, drill bit types, and drilling fluid formulations. This allows for customized operation plans for each zone, improving drilling efficiency and core recovery rates. Accurately predicting rock formation depth allows operators to prepare for varying geological conditions in advance. For example, if a rock formation zone is predicted to be deep and hard, more wear-resistant drill bits and appropriate drilling techniques can be prepared in advance to avoid problems such as drill bit damage and stuck drill bits during drilling. Based on rock formation zones and predicted rock formation depths, equipment, materials, and manpower can be rationally allocated. Drill bits, drilling fluid, and other supplies can be allocated according to the needs of different zones, avoiding waste and shortages of resources.

[0068] In practical applications, the geological characteristics acquired in step 101 are compared with typical characteristics of various known rock formation types. For example, rock parameters such as hardness and density are compared with standard parameter ranges for common rock types to determine the likely rock formation type. The geological evolution history of the region is considered, and the sedimentary environment and tectonic movements during different geological periods are understood to infer the likely rock formation types. For example, in areas that were once marine, sedimentary rocks such as limestone and sandstone may be present. Statistical methods are used to cluster geological characteristic data from different locations, grouping areas with similar geological characteristics into the same category to form rock formation zones. Specifically, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to divide the construction area into several zones based on rock formation characteristics such as hardness and porosity. Combining drilling data with geophysical exploration results, a geological profile is drawn to visually display the distribution of different rock formations. Different rock formation zones are identified based on the continuity and characteristic similarities of the rock formations as shown in the profile.

[0069] In some specific embodiments, the process of obtaining rock layer depth includes: after obtaining geological features, searching a preset geological database for sample areas with the same geological features; obtaining the rock layer distribution in the sample area, analyzing all rock layer types, and selecting one or more of the most frequent rock layer types based on their frequency of occurrence to determine rock layer zones; and calculating the total rock layer depths of each rock layer zone in the sample area, and selecting one or more of the most frequent rock layer depths based on their frequency of occurrence to obtain a predicted rock layer depth for each zone. By selecting the most frequent rock layer type in the sample area to define zones, the primary rock layer distribution characteristics within the construction area can be highlighted, allowing subsequent drilling operations to develop more targeted plans for the primary rock layer types in each zone, thereby improving drilling efficiency and core recovery rates. For example, for zones dominated by sandstone, a drill bit and drilling parameters suitable for sandstone drilling can be selected. Using empirical data from the sample area to determine rock layer zones can, to a certain extent, reduce uncertainty about the current geological conditions in the construction area.

[0070] After obtaining the geological characteristics of the area to be drilled, these characteristics are used as search criteria to search a pre-established geological database. This database contains a large amount of geological information and corresponding construction data from various regions. Through data matching, sample areas with identical or highly similar geological characteristics to the current drilling area are identified. For example, when core drilling in a mountainous area, based on its geological characteristics of predominantly granite with moderate fracture development, other mountainous areas with similar granite distribution and fracture patterns are identified in the database as sample areas. After obtaining the rock formation distribution of the sample area, all rock formation types contained within it are analyzed. The frequency of occurrence of each rock formation type in the sample area is calculated, and the most frequent rock formation type or types are selected. The areas containing these rock formation types are then designated as rock formation zones. For example, if the frequency of sandstone in the sample area is 40%, shale is 35%, and limestone is 25%, then the sandstone and shale areas can be designated as separate rock formation zones. This frequency-based division method highlights the dominant rock formation distribution in the sample area, making the resulting rock formation zones more representative and facilitating the development of targeted operational plans.

[0071] For each identified rock formation partition, all recorded rock formation depth data for that rock formation partition within the sample area are counted. The frequency of occurrence of rock formation depths within this data is then analyzed, and the depth value or values with the highest frequency of occurrence are selected as the predicted rock formation depth for that rock formation partition in the current construction area. For example, for a sandstone formation partition, records with a sandstone top depth of 50 meters appear the most frequently in the sample area, reaching 30 times, while other depth values appear less frequently. Therefore, 50 meters can be used as the predicted rock formation depth for this sandstone formation partition in the current construction area. In this way, empirical data from similar sample areas can be used to predict the depth of the rock formation partition in the current construction area, providing a reference for core drilling rigs to plan drilling depths and sequences in advance, thereby reducing the risk of inefficiency and equipment loss caused by blind drilling.

[0072] Once the rock formation zoning is clearly defined, drilling resources can be rationally allocated based on the characteristics of each zone. For example, for zones with higher hardness, more wear-resistant drill bits and more powerful drilling rigs can be prepared in advance. For zones with higher porosity, appropriate drilling fluids can be prepared to prevent wellbore collapse, thereby avoiding resource waste and insufficiency and improving resource utilization efficiency. Advance understanding of the characteristics of each rock formation zone, including information such as predicted rock depth, helps construction personnel take safety precautions. For example, if a zone is known to be prone to rock collapse, appropriate support measures can be implemented in advance to ensure the safety of construction personnel and equipment.

[0073] Step 103 primarily involves configuring corresponding zoning characteristics and predictive drilling plans for each rock formation zone based on geological characteristics, and constructing a predictive data transmission plan. Based on the aforementioned rock formation structural characteristics and physical properties, a unique set of zoning characteristics is determined for each rock formation zone. These characteristics can be qualitative descriptions, such as "well-developed fractures, hard rock," or quantitative data, such as "hardness Mohs 7, porosity 10%." By defining zoning characteristics, the characteristics of each rock formation zone can be more accurately described, providing a detailed basis for subsequent operations. Based on these characteristics, a drilling plan tailored to each rock formation zone is developed. This includes selecting the appropriate drill bit type, drilling parameters (such as speed, drilling pressure, pump rate), and drilling sequence. For example, for a hard granite zone, a diamond drill bit with a lower speed and higher drilling pressure can be used. For a soft sandstone zone, the first drill bit can be used, with an appropriately higher speed and controlled drilling pressure to prevent excessive rock fragmentation. Furthermore, a reasonable drilling sequence is determined based on the rock formation distribution and construction requirements to improve drilling efficiency and ensure construction quality.

[0074] Core drilling rigs are typically equipped with a variety of data transmission methods, including wired transmission (fiber optic cables, etc.), wireless transmission (EM-MWD electromagnetic wave wireless transmission), and storage media transmission (SD cards, hard drives, etc.). Different transmission methods have different characteristics. For example, wired transmission offers high stability and fast data transmission rates, but lacks flexibility; wireless transmission offers greater flexibility, but may be subject to signal interference and transmission distance limitations; and storage media transmission is suitable for offline transmission of large amounts of data, but requires regular manual replacement of the storage media. A predictive data transmission plan for each rock formation zone is developed based on rock formation depth, predicted drilling plan, and rock formation structural characteristics. For shallower rock formation zones, wireless transmission is preferred to facilitate timely data transmission to the ground control center for real-time analysis. For deeper rock formation zones, where wireless signal attenuation may be severe, a combination of wired transmission or storage media transmission can be used to ensure reliable data transmission. If the drilling plan requires frequent adjustments to drilling parameters, and real-time performance is a high priority, a fast transmission method, such as fiber optic transmission, should be selected. In addition, the structural characteristics of the rock formation will also affect the choice of data transmission scheme. For example, in rock formations with developed fractures, wired transmission may be easily damaged. At this time, the proportion of wireless transmission or storage medium transmission can be appropriately increased to improve the stability of data transmission.

[0075] In this application, the coring drill rig is equipped with an EM-MWD electromagnetic wave wireless measurement while drilling system, which combines traditional mud pulse transmission and EM electromagnetic wave signal transmission functions, has a high data transmission rate, and can realize functions such as logging while drilling, geological logging while drilling, and automatic guidance.

[0076] When the formation resistivity is ≤1000 ohm-meter, the EM (electromagnetic wave) mode is selected, offering stable data and high transmission rates. When the formation resistivity is greater than 1000 ohm-meter, the M (mud pulse) mode is used to compensate for the stratum-induced influence of EM (electromagnetic wave) transmission. In some embodiments, if the predicted formation depth of a rock formation partition is less than a preset first depth threshold, multiple lithologic interactions exist, the formation fragmentation exceeds a preset fragmentation, or the predicted formation depth exceeds a preset second depth threshold, the EM-MWD (electromagnetic wave wireless transmission) mode is selected. The first depth threshold is 500 meters, and the second depth threshold is 1000 meters. The predicted formation depth is relatively shallow, but the geological structure is complex, with multiple lithologic interactions and developed fractures. In such cases, mud pulse transmission may be interfered with by the complex flow of drilling fluid (such as leakage and crossflow). However, the EM-MWD (electromagnetic wave wireless transmission) mode is largely unaffected by the drilling medium and provides more stable data transmission. When the predicted rock formation depth of a rock partition is deep, mud pulse transmission suffers from significant signal attenuation over long distances, reducing transmission efficiency and accuracy. The EM-MWD electromagnetic wave wireless measurement while drilling system offers high data transmission rates and is particularly advantageous over long-distance transmission, ensuring efficient and accurate transmission of deep rock formation partition measurement data. In some embodiments, EM-MWD electromagnetic wave wireless transmission is selected when the rock formation structure of a particular rock partition is highly permeable or fragmented and loose. For example, in highly porous sandstone or limestone with extensive fractures, mud pulse transmission can easily cause drilling fluid to leak through the pores or fractures, affecting the proper transmission of the pulse signal. However, the EM-MWD electromagnetic wave wireless measurement while drilling system is unaffected by drilling fluid leakage and ensures stable data transmission. In fragmented and loose rock formations, such as those near fault zones or in heavily weathered rock formations, mud pulse transmission signals are susceptible to interference from irregular drilling fluid flow (caused by the fragmented rock formation). The EM-MWD electromagnetic wave wireless measurement while drilling system can stably transmit data in such complex rock structures due to its characteristic of not being affected by drilling media.

[0077] In some specific embodiments, obtaining a predicted drilling plan specifically includes: judging the degree of rock stratum fragmentation according to the degree of fracture development, and selecting a first drill bit that can crush rocks at multiple angles when the degree of fragmentation is higher than a preset degree of fragmentation; when the degree of fragmentation is lower than the preset degree of fragmentation, classifying the predicted rock strata according to the hardness and strength of the rock strata to obtain predicted hard rock strata and predicted soft rock strata, and selecting a second drill bit and a third drill bit respectively, the hardness and wear resistance of the second drill bit are both greater than those of the third drill bit; adjusting the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the third drill bit according to the layer thickness and number of layers of the rock stratum, adjusting the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the second drill bit according to the hardness and strength of the rock stratum, and adjusting the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the first drill bit according to the degree of fracture development; adjusting the drilling process of the drill bit according to the contact relationship between layers; adjusting the sealing and wall-forming properties of the drilling fluid according to the porosity and permeability of the rock stratum, and selecting the pump volume of the drilling fluid; adjusting the drilling direction according to the direction of the rock stratum.

[0078] Specifically, the first, second, and third drill bits are all PDC drill bits. PDC bits drill by cutting. The rotation of the drill string cuts into the formation, breaking the rock into small pieces that are carried out of the wellhead with the drilling fluid. This creates a regular wellbore with a flat bottom and superior cutting performance.

[0079] The first drill bit is designed for crushing rock formations with a higher-than-preset crushing intensity. It utilizes a combination of helical and straight cutter blades with multiple gauge cutters positioned on the outer edges. It also features wide, curved blades. The helical cutters are positioned at the edge of the bit, with the angle optimized based on the direction of fracture development and rock crushing characteristics, typically between 30° and 60°. This allows the cutters to penetrate the rock from different directions, effectively utilizing fractures for crushing. Straight cutters are positioned in the center of the bit to cut vertically downward, enhancing the bit's center-crushing capability. Due to the poor integrity of the rock in crushed formations, the density of the cutters needs to be increased to improve the bit's crushing efficiency and stability. The number of rows of cutters can be increased, and the spacing between adjacent rows can be reduced to 8-12mm to ensure sufficient rock crushing during drilling and avoid uneven rock crushing that can cause bit shake or sticking. The blade width can also be increased, typically 1.2-1.5 times that of a conventional PDC drill bit. Wide blades increase the drill bit's contact area with the rock, providing better support and stability in highly fractured rock formations, reducing drill bit wobble during drilling, and helping to maintain wellbore regularity. The blade's leading edge is designed with an arc or parabola. This shape allows the drill bit to more easily penetrate the rock during drilling, reducing impact and compression, and minimizing wear and damage to the drill bit. Furthermore, the blade's trailing edge can be appropriately thickened to enhance blade strength and wear resistance to withstand the high torque and impact forces experienced in fractured formations. Multiple gauge cutters are positioned on the outside of the drill bit, with their height typically being 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 the height of the cutting teeth. These cutters can be made of the same PDC material as the cutting teeth, or a more wear-resistant carbide. This added gauge structure effectively protects the drill bit's outer diameter, reducing wear when drilling in fractured formations, and improving the drill bit's service life and wellbore quality.

[0080] The degree of fracture development is a key indicator of rock fragmentation. For highly fragmented rock formations with looser structures, the use of a first-class drill bit, with its unique tooth structure, can effectively break the rock during drilling. Furthermore, the rolling motion of the cones adapts to the uneven surface of the fractured rock formation, reducing wear and damage to the drill bit. For less fragmented rock formations, drill bits should be selected based on their hardness and strength.

[0081] The second drill bit is primarily designed for drilling in hard rock formations. It utilizes a thick, evenly spaced tooth layout, multiple rows of cutting teeth on the blades, and a flow channel structure within the drill bit body. The second drill bit utilizes PDC cutters with a high diamond content and fine, uniform diamond particles. Their hardness typically ranges from HV3000 to HV5000. This high-hardness ensures excellent cutting performance when drilling in hard rock formations, reduces cutter wear and chipping, and improves the drill bit's rock-breaking efficiency and service life.

[0082] The second drill bit, with its high hardness and wear resistance, is suitable for use in hard rock formations. It features a uniform tooth layout, distributing the cutters evenly across the drill bit surface to ensure balanced rock-breaking performance across all areas during drilling. The spacing between adjacent cutters can be adjusted based on the hardness and abrasiveness of the rock formation, typically ranging from 10-15 mm. For harder and more abrasive rock formations, the cutter spacing should be reduced to improve the drill bit's rock-breaking efficiency. The number of rows of cutters on the blades is increased, typically to 4-6 rows. Increasing the number of rows increases the number of cutting edges, improving the drill bit's rock-breaking capability. It also provides a more stable operation when drilling into hard rock formations, reducing vibration and bounce. A well-designed flow path structure within the drill bit body ensures smooth flow of drilling fluid through the drill bit, providing adequate cooling and lubrication for the cutters. The cross-sectional area of the flow channel can be optimized according to the displacement and flow rate of the drilling fluid. Generally, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel should be no less than 20%-30% of the cross-sectional area of the drill bit body to ensure that the drilling fluid can effectively carry the cuttings and prevent the cuttings from accumulating at the bottom of the well and affecting the drilling efficiency.

[0083] The third drill bit is designed for soft rock formations. It utilizes a sparsely arranged, thin cutter pattern with angled cutters. A hydraulic structure is also implemented to enhance the drill bit's ability to carry drilling fluid. The third drill bit uses PDC cutters with a relatively low diamond content and a hardness between HV1500 and HV3000. The PDC cutter thickness is reduced, typically designed to be 4-8mm. Thin cutters enable more flexible cutting in soft rock formations, improving the drill bit's cutting efficiency. Because soft rock formations exert less wear on the cutters, the thin cutter design does not affect the drill bit's service life. A sparse cutter pattern is employed, with appropriately increased spacing between cutters, typically 15-20mm. This sparse cutter pattern reduces torque and resistance when drilling in soft rock formations, increasing drilling speed. Furthermore, a larger cutter spacing facilitates the removal of cuttings, preventing them from accumulating around the drill bit and impacting drilling efficiency. The cutter angle is optimized based on the characteristics of the soft rock formation. Generally, the inclination angle of the cutting teeth can range from 15° to 30°, enabling the cutting teeth to cut rock with less cutting force when drilling into soft rock formations, thereby improving the drill bit's cutting efficiency and penetration rate. Designing an efficient hydraulic structure can enhance the rock-carrying capacity of the drilling fluid. Multiple large-diameter nozzles, typically 10-15mm in diameter, can be installed on the drill bit body to increase the drilling fluid's displacement and flow rate, ensuring that the drilling fluid can quickly carry cuttings out of the wellbore, keeping the wellbore clean and improving drilling efficiency. Furthermore, diversion grooves can be installed on the drill bit surface to guide the drilling fluid evenly through the drill bit, enhancing its cooling and lubrication properties.

[0084] The thickness and number of rock layers affect the drilling process. In thinly layered, multi-layered rock formations, the drill bit must frequently traverse different rock interfaces within a short period of time. Therefore, the drilling pressure and rotational speed of the third drill bit must be appropriately adjusted to ensure smooth penetration of these interfaces and avoid excessive wear or damage to the drill bit. In hard rock formations, due to their high hardness, higher drilling pressure is required to penetrate the rock, while a moderately reduced rotational speed can reduce drill bit wear. In soft rock formations, the opposite is true: lower drilling pressure is sufficient, and higher rotational speeds improve drilling efficiency. Therefore, the drilling pressure and rotational speed of the second drill bit should be adjusted based on the hardness and strength of the rock formation. The degree of fracture development affects rock stability and drilling resistance. The greater the number of fractures, the more likely the rock will break and collapse locally during drilling. Therefore, the drilling pressure and rotational speed of the first drill bit must be adjusted based on the degree of fracture development to ensure safe and efficient drilling. The contact relationship between layers is also critical. If the contact is smooth, the drilling process is relatively simple; if the contact is uneven or angled, the drilling angle and method of the drill bit need to be adjusted to ensure that the drill bit can pass through the contact interface smoothly to avoid drill bit deflection or damage.

[0085] The porosity and permeability of a rock formation determine the penetration and loss of drilling fluid within it. In rock formations with high porosity and permeability, drilling fluid easily penetrates into the rock pores, reducing the drilling fluid volume and compromising wellbore stability. Therefore, the drilling fluid's sealing and wall-building properties must be adjusted to form a dense mud cake on the wellbore surface, preventing further penetration and improving wellbore stability. Choosing the appropriate drilling fluid pump rate is also crucial. Excessive pumping can scour the wellbore wall, leading to collapse; insufficient pumping can't adequately carry cuttings and cool the drill bit. Adjusting the drilling fluid's properties and pump rate based on the rock formation's porosity and permeability ensures smooth drilling. In a sandstone formation with a porosity of 20% and high permeability, a drilling fluid with excellent sealing properties is required. For example, adding an appropriate amount of bentonite and polymers to the drilling fluid can increase its viscosity and shear force, enhancing its sealing properties. At the same time, according to the permeability, select the appropriate pump volume. Generally speaking, for this type of formation, the pump volume can be controlled at 30-40L / min, which can ensure that the cuttings are brought to the ground in time without eroding the well wall due to excessive pumping volume.

[0086] The strike of a rock formation reflects its distribution and inclination underground. If the drilling direction is inconsistent with the strike of the rock formation, uneven forces may be applied to the drill bit during drilling, causing deflection, increased wear, and even affecting the verticality and accuracy of the drill hole. Adjusting the drilling direction according to the strike of the rock formation allows the drill bit to follow the strike of the formation, reducing drilling resistance and improving drilling efficiency and hole quality.

[0087] In some specific embodiments, obtaining a predicted data transmission scheme specifically includes: judging the complexity of data transmission based on the degree of fracture development, the contact relationship between layers, the predicted rock depth and the number of rock layers, and selecting wireless transmission, wired transmission or a combination of the two based on the complexity; predicting the drilling speed of the drill bit based on the hardness and strength of the rock formation, the drill bit rotation speed and the drilling pressure, and setting the data transmission frequency based on the drilling speed.

[0088] Rock formations with a high degree of fractures can interfere with and attenuate signals. Wireless signals are prone to scattering and refraction when passing through fractures, resulting in weakened signal strength and reduced transmission quality. Wired transmission, on the other hand, can be damaged by fractures, increasing the risk and difficulty of data transmission. Therefore, the more fractures there are, the more complex the data transmission becomes. Complex interlayer contact relationships, such as unconformities and faults, can affect the signal propagation path and stability. Unconformities can reflect and absorb signals, making them difficult to penetrate. Faults can damage transmission lines or interfere with wireless signals. This complex contact relationship increases the complexity of data transmission. Both wireless and wired transmission face greater challenges as rock depth increases. Wireless signals are absorbed and scattered by rock as they propagate underground, resulting in greater signal attenuation with increasing depth. Wired transmission requires longer lines, increasing the risk of line failure and signal transmission delay. Therefore, the greater the predicted rock depth, the greater the data transmission complexity. More rock layers mean that the signal must traverse a greater number of rock interfaces with different properties. Different rock formations have different electromagnetic characteristics and physical properties. Signals will be reflected, refracted and attenuated when passing through these interfaces, which increases the complexity of data transmission.

[0089] For example, in a construction area with few fractures and simple interlayer contact, the predicted rock depth is shallow (e.g., less than 50 meters) and the number of layers is small (e.g., 2-3). In this case, data transmission complexity is relatively low, and wireless transmission methods can be used. For example, EM-MWD electromagnetic wave wireless transmission can transmit core drilling data to the ground control center in real time. However, in a construction area with severe fractures, multiple unconformities and faults between layers, the predicted rock depth reaches several hundred meters, and the number of layers is large (e.g., 10 or more). In this case, wireless transmission alone may not guarantee stable data transmission, and wired transmission methods, such as laying fiber optic cables, may be necessary. Furthermore, to ensure data transmission reliability, wireless transmission can be used as a backup, providing a timely failover in the event of a wired transmission failure.

[0090] The harder and stronger the rock formation, the greater the resistance the drill bit encounters, and the slower the drilling speed. For example, drilling speed in hard granite is significantly lower than drilling speed in soft sandstone. The drill bit's rotational speed and weight on bit (WOB) directly influence the drilling speed. Generally speaking, higher rotational speeds and higher WOB result in faster drilling speeds, but drill bit wear and rock fragmentation also need to be considered. Excessively high rotational speeds or excessive WOB can lead to excessive wear of the drill bit or uneven rock fragmentation, negatively impacting drilling efficiency. After estimating the drill bit's drilling speed based on these factors, the data transmission frequency should be set accordingly. A high drilling speed indicates frequent data changes, requiring a higher data transmission frequency to obtain the latest drilling data, such as drill bit position, torque, and pressure. A slow drilling speed indicates relatively slow data changes, so a lower data transmission frequency is sufficient, conserving transmission resources. For example, in a shale formation with a relatively low hardness, the drill bit speed is set to 120 rpm and the WOB is set to 15 kN, resulting in a relatively fast drilling speed of approximately 1 m / h. To monitor drilling progress in real time, the data transmission frequency can be set to once per minute. This allows for timely acquisition of drill bit parameters and core sample information. In hard quartzite formations, with a drill bit speed of 60 rpm and a weight on bit of 30 kN, the predicted drilling speed is relatively slow, approximately 0.1 m / h. In this case, the data transmission frequency can be set to once every five minutes, ensuring the acquisition of necessary drilling data while reducing transmission resource consumption.

[0091] Step 104 primarily describes the relevant aspects of the actual drilling process. The core drill rig is started and operated according to pre-set operating parameters and procedures. These parameters include, but are not limited to, drill bit speed, bit pressure, and drilling fluid pump volume. For example, in softer soil formations, a lower bit pressure and a higher bit speed may be set to improve drilling efficiency and avoid excessive wear on the drill bit. The preset normal mode is a standard operating mode determined based on experience and preliminary analysis. In this mode, the drill rig performs drilling in a relatively stable and predictable manner. This mode is established after considering various factors, including the general geological conditions of the construction area, drill rig performance, and safety. For example, in general medium-hard rock formations, the drill rig in normal mode may maintain a constant bit speed and bit pressure. The drilling fluid system also operates at a preset flow rate and pressure to ensure effective chip removal and wall protection. During the drilling process, various sensors equipped with the core drill rig collect real-time drilling-related data, including, but not limited to, the operating status of the drill bit, drilling depth, and drilling fluid parameters. This actual drilling data is transmitted in real time to a ground control center or data processing device via a pre-determined data transmission method (e.g., wireless or wired) for subsequent analysis and decision-making. The actual drilling data is then parsed to reveal cuttings data, formation penetration data, drill bit data, and actual formation depth.

[0092] Rock cuttings data: Rock cuttings are debris produced by the drill bit during rock fragmentation. Analysis of rock cuttings can yield valuable information. Rock cuttings data, including size, shape, color, and composition, is analyzed from actual drilling data. For example, large, irregularly shaped rock cuttings may indicate a harder rock formation; variations in rock cutting color may reflect alternating rock layers. Rock cutting composition analysis can further determine rock type, such as sandstone or shale.

[0093] Rock formation permeability data: The permeability of a rock formation reflects the ability of fluids (such as groundwater) to flow through it. Analyzing rock formation permeability data primarily involves obtaining parameters related to permeability, such as permeability and permeability coefficient. This data can be obtained by monitoring drilling fluid loss, groundwater level fluctuations, and pressure sensor data. For example, a sudden increase in drilling fluid consumption during drilling may indicate encountering a highly permeable rock formation.

[0094] Drill bit data: Drill bit data includes operating parameters such as torque, speed, temperature, and wear. This data is crucial for evaluating drill bit performance and lifespan. For example, a sudden increase in drill bit torque may indicate encountering hard rock or a stuck drill bit. By monitoring drill bit wear, it's possible to determine whether the drill bit needs replacement, ensuring smooth drilling.

[0095] Rock depth: Rock depth refers to the vertical depth of the drill rig, which is captured in real time by a depth sensor installed on the drill rig. Accurate rock depth data is crucial for determining the current geological stratum and for comparing it with previously predicted rock depths.

[0096] Analyze the rock hardness and rock fragmentation in the current area based on the drill bit data:

[0097] Analyzing rock formation hardness: The resistance encountered by the drill bit during drilling is closely related to rock formation hardness. By analyzing drill bit torque, weight on bit (WOB), and other data, we can infer the rock formation hardness in the current area. Generally speaking, under the same WOB and rotational speed conditions, the greater the drill bit torque, the harder the rock formation. For example, if the drill bit torque suddenly increases from 100 Nm during normal operation to 200 Nm, it is likely that the drill bit is encountering harder rock formations than before.

[0098] Analyzing rock fragmentation: Rock fragmentation affects the performance and drilling efficiency of the drill bit. This can be determined by observing drill bit wear, vibration amplitude during drilling, and the shape of the rock cuttings. Rapid drill bit wear and high vibration levels, combined with a high number of small rock cuttings, may indicate high rock fragmentation.

[0099] Through step 104, various actual data of the coring drill during the drilling process can be obtained in real time, and these data can be deeply analyzed to accurately understand the geological conditions of the current construction area and the working status of the drill, providing a reliable basis for subsequent operation adjustments and decisions.

[0100] Step 105 is a key decision-making step in the core drilling rig operation control method, closely linking preliminary geological analysis and drilling data monitoring with actual operations. In step 104, various rock formation data for the current area were acquired and analyzed, including actual rock formation depth, rock formation hardness, rock formation fragmentation, rock cuttings data, and rock formation permeability data. This data provides a detailed description of the geological conditions at the current drilling location. For example, actual rock formation depth indicates the drilling position of the drill rig underground, rock formation hardness and fragmentation reflect the mechanical properties of the rock, and rock cuttings data and rock formation permeability data reveal different aspects of the rock formation's structure and physical characteristics. In steps 102 and 103, multiple rock formation zones were constructed based on the geological characteristics of the operation area, and corresponding zone characteristics were determined for each zone. These characteristics, derived from preliminary geological information analysis, include typical characteristics such as the expected rock formation type, depth range, hardness, and fragmentation of the zone. At this point, the rock formation data for the current area is comprehensively and carefully compared with the zone characteristics of each rock formation zone to identify the most compatible rock formation zone.

[0101] Through the above comparison, the rock formation partition that best matches the rock formation data in the current area is found. This process requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors and cannot be judged based solely on a single data point. Instead, the degree of matching of the various data points must be evaluated holistically. For example, if the rock formation hardness, fragmentation, and rock cuttings data in the current area are highly similar to the expected characteristics of a rock formation partition within the error range, and the actual rock formation depth also falls within the predicted rock formation depth range of that partition, then this rock formation partition can be considered the best match. The purpose of selecting a reference rock formation partition is to apply the predictive drilling plan and predictive data transmission plan previously developed for that partition to the current actual operation. Because the characteristics of this reference partition are most similar to those of the current area, its corresponding plan is theoretically the most suitable for the current operation and can provide effective guidance for subsequent drilling operations and data transmission.

[0102] The predictive drilling plan for a reference rock formation zone is developed based on the geological characteristics of that zone and includes the selection of drill bit type, adjustment of drilling pressure and rotational speed, determination of drilling technology, and setting of drilling fluid parameters. For example, if the characteristics of the reference zone indicate a hard rock formation, and the predictive drilling plan selects a second drill bit with higher hardness and wear resistance, and sets a corresponding high drilling pressure and low rotational speed, then when operating in the current area, the core drilling rig's operating state will be adjusted according to these parameters to adapt to drilling in the hard rock formation, improve drilling efficiency and drill bit life, and ensure drilling quality.

[0103] The predicted data transmission plan is determined based on factors such as rock depth, drilling plan, and rock structure characteristics. This includes selecting an appropriate data transmission method (wireless, wired, or a combination) and setting the data transmission frequency. For example, if the rock depth in the reference zone is deep and the amount of data generated during drilling is large, the predicted data transmission plan may select a wired transmission method to ensure data stability and accuracy, and set a corresponding data transmission frequency based on the expected drilling speed. In actual operations, the actual drilling data generated during the drilling process in the current area is transmitted according to this plan, ensuring that the data is transmitted promptly and accurately to the ground control center or relevant data processing equipment for real-time monitoring and analysis.

[0104] In some specific embodiments, the predicted rock formation depth of each rock formation partition is matched with the rock formation depth, and the rock formation partition whose predicted rock formation depth includes the rock formation depth is used as the first rock formation partition; a similarity analysis is performed on each first rock formation partition and the current area to obtain a first similarity result; if the first similarity result shows that there is a first rock formation partition whose similarity with the current area is higher than a preset threshold, the first rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the reference rock formation partition. Figure 3 shown.

[0105] In the initial steps, multiple rock formation zones were constructed for the construction area, and the rock formation depth (predicted rock formation depth) for each zone was predicted. During the actual drilling process, the current rock formation depth was acquired in real time by the equipment. The predicted rock formation depth ranges for each zone were compared with the actual rock formation depth. If the predicted rock formation depth range for a zone covers the current rock formation depth, then the zone is likely to have similar geological conditions to the current drilling area and is selected as the first zone. For example, there are three rock formation zones: Zone A has a predicted rock formation depth range of 50 to 80 meters, Zone B has a predicted rock formation depth range of 30 to 60 meters, and Zone C has a predicted rock formation depth range of 80 to 100 meters. If the actual rock formation depth is 65 meters, then Zones A and B, whose predicted rock formation depths include this 65-meter range, will be selected as the first zone, while Zone C will not meet the criteria. By matching and screening the depth, the scope of subsequent similarity analysis is narrowed, and only the rock formation partitions that may be relevant to the current area in depth are retained, which reduces unnecessary calculations and analysis and improves the efficiency of determining reference rock formation partitions.

[0106] The selected first rock formation partitions require further analysis to determine their similarity to the current area. This similarity analysis comprehensively considers multiple factors, including but not limited to the rock hardness, rock fragmentation, rock cuttings data, and rock permeability data for the current area (this data was acquired and analyzed in real time during the previous drilling process), as well as the corresponding partition characteristics of the first rock formation partition (preliminarily configured for each rock formation partition based on geological characteristics). For example, for the first rock formation partition A, the preset rock hardness range is compared with the actual rock hardness measured in the current area, and the rock fragmentation characteristics, such as the density and size of the fractures, are also compared. Rock cuttings data, including the similarity in composition, particle shape, and size distribution, are then analyzed. Rock permeability data, such as the permeability range, is also analyzed. Through this comprehensive comparative analysis of these multiple factors, the degree of similarity between the first rock formation partition A and the current area is determined.

[0107] In practical applications, similarity analysis can be conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative methods, for example, calculate the similarity values for each factor and then derive a comprehensive similarity value through weighted averaging. Qualitative methods use expert experience or intuitive data comparison to determine the degree of similarity. A preset threshold is a predetermined criterion used to determine whether the first rock formation partition and the current area are sufficiently similar. This threshold is typically set based on experience and the required construction accuracy. If the similarity exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the geological characteristics of the first rock formation partition and the current area are largely similar, and the corresponding predictive drilling and data transmission plans are likely to be applicable to the current area. For example, if the preset threshold is set at 80%, if the calculated comprehensive similarity between the first rock formation partition A and the current area is 85%, which is above the preset threshold, then the first rock formation partition A meets the requirements.

[0108] In some specific embodiments, if the similarity analysis result shows that there is no first rock formation partition with a similarity higher than a preset threshold with respect to the current area, then: the rock formation partitions other than the first rock formation partition are taken as second rock formation partitions, and similarity analysis is performed on each second rock formation partition with respect to the current area to obtain a second similarity result; if the second similarity result shows that there is a second rock formation partition with a similarity higher than a preset threshold with respect to the current area, then: the second rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the quasi-reference rock formation partition, the difference between the predicted rock formation depth and the actual rock formation depth of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is calculated, and the predicted data transmission scheme of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is adjusted according to the difference, and the adjusted quasi-reference rock formation partition is used as the reference rock formation partition. Figure 3 shown.

[0109] A similarity analysis was performed between the first rock formation partition (i.e., the partition whose predicted rock formation depth includes the actual rock formation depth) and the current region. However, the results showed that no first rock formation partitions had similarity above the preset threshold. This means that, based on the existing screening criteria, no rock formation partitions were found with sufficiently similar geological characteristics to the current region to be used directly as a reference. Therefore, the screening scope needs to be expanded to conduct a similarity analysis on the second rock formation partitions. Similar to the analysis of the first rock formation partition, the similarity analysis between each second rock formation partition and the current region also comprehensively considers multiple factors, including actual measured data such as rock hardness, rock fragmentation, rock cuttings data, and rock permeability data for the current region, as well as the corresponding partition characteristics of the second rock formation partition (preliminarily configured for each rock formation partition based on geological characteristics). Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the degree of similarity between each second rock formation partition and the current region is calculated, resulting in a second similarity result. Once the second similarity result is obtained, it is necessary to determine whether there is a second rock formation partition with similarity above the preset threshold to the current region. If so, it indicates that among these second rock formation partitions, there are partitions with geological characteristics that are relatively similar to the current area. Although these partitions may not directly contain the actual rock formation depth, they have certain similarities in other geological characteristics and can therefore serve as a reference. Second rock formation partitions with similarity above the preset threshold are selected as quasi-reference rock formation partitions.

[0110] After determining the quasi-reference rock formation zone, the difference between the predicted rock formation depth for that zone and the actual rock formation depth is calculated. This difference reflects the difference in depth between the quasi-reference zone and the actual depth, a factor that significantly influences the data transmission plan. Based on the calculated depth difference, the predicted data transmission plan for the quasi-reference zone is adjusted. For example, if the predicted rock formation depth for the quasi-reference zone is significantly deeper than the actual depth, this may indicate greater wireless signal attenuation during transmission. In this case, adding signal relay equipment or switching to wired transmission may be necessary. If the difference is smaller, only minor adjustments to parameters such as data transmission frequency or power may be required. After adjusting the predicted data transmission plan, the quasi-reference zone is determined as the final reference zone. Coring drill operations and data transmission can then be performed based on the adjusted predicted drilling plan for the reference zone and the adjusted predicted data transmission plan. In this way, even if no suitable reference is found in the first rock formation partition, a relatively suitable reference can be found through analysis and adjustment of the second rock formation partition, ensuring the smooth progress of the core drilling rig operation and making the data transmission plan more in line with the actual situation in the current area.

[0111] This application provides an operation control system for a coring drill, as shown in the attached Figure 4 As shown, including:

[0112] Information acquisition unit 1, used to acquire geological information of the area to be constructed, and parse geological characteristics including rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties from the geological information;

[0113] A rock formation prediction unit 2 is used to analyze the rock formation types existing in the construction area based on the geological characteristics to construct multiple rock formation partitions, and predict the rock formation depth of each rock formation partition to obtain a predicted rock formation depth;

[0114] The scheme prediction unit 3 is used to configure corresponding zone characteristics and predict drilling schemes for each rock formation zone according to the rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties;

[0115] Comprehensive rock depth, predicted drilling plan and rock structure characteristics to build a predictive data transmission plan for each rock zone;

[0116] a data analysis unit 4, configured to control a preset coring drill to drill the construction area in a preset normal mode, obtain actual drilling data, and analyze therefrom rock cuttings data, rock formation penetration data, drill bit data, and actual rock formation depth, and analyze the rock formation hardness and rock formation fragmentation in the current area based on the drill bit data;

[0117] The solution application unit 5 is used to match the zoning characteristics of each rock formation partition according to the actual rock formation depth, rock formation hardness, rock formation fragmentation, rock cuttings data and rock formation permeability data of the current area, select the rock formation partition as the reference rock formation partition, and perform operations and data transmission based on the predicted drilling plan and predicted data transmission plan of the reference rock formation partition.

[0118] Furthermore, the solution application unit 5 is specifically configured to: match the predicted rock formation depth of each rock formation partition with the actual rock formation depth, and use the rock formation partition whose predicted rock formation depth includes the actual rock formation depth as the first rock formation partition;

[0119] A similarity analysis is performed on each first rock formation partition and the current area to obtain a first similarity result; if the first similarity result shows that there is a first rock formation partition whose similarity with the current area is higher than a preset threshold, the first rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the reference rock formation partition.

[0120] Furthermore, the solution application unit 5 is further configured to: if the similarity analysis result shows that there is no first rock formation partition having a similarity with the current area higher than a preset threshold, then:

[0121] The rock formation partitions other than the first rock formation partition are regarded as second rock formation partitions. A similarity analysis is performed between each second rock formation partition and the current region to obtain a second similarity result. If the second similarity result shows that there is a second rock formation partition whose similarity with the current region is higher than a preset threshold, then:

[0122] The second rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the quasi-reference rock formation partition, the difference between the predicted rock formation depth and the actual rock formation depth of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is calculated, and the predicted data transmission plan of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is adjusted according to the difference, and the adjusted quasi-reference rock formation partition is used as the reference rock formation partition.

[0123] Furthermore, the rock formation prediction unit 2 is specifically configured to: after obtaining the geological features, search for a sample area having the same geological features as the aforementioned geological features in a preset geological database;

[0124] Obtain the distribution of rock formations in the sample area, analyze all rock formation types, and select one or more rock formation types with the highest frequency according to their occurrence frequency to obtain rock formation partitions;

[0125] All rock formation depths of each rock formation partition in the sample area are counted, and one or more rock formation depths with the highest frequency are selected according to the frequency of occurrence of the rock formation depths to obtain the predicted rock formation depth of the rock formation partition.

[0126] Furthermore, the rock formation structural characteristics include the layer thickness, number of layers, contact relationship between layers, degree of fracture development and rock formation direction;

[0127] The physical properties of the rock formation include hardness, strength, density, porosity and permeability of the rock formation.

[0128] Furthermore, the solution prediction unit 3 is specifically configured to:

[0129] The degree of rock fragmentation is determined based on the degree of fracture development. When the degree of fragmentation exceeds a preset degree, a first drill bit capable of multi-angle rock fragmentation is selected. When the degree of fragmentation is lower than the preset degree, the predicted rock formation is divided into predicted hard rock formations and predicted soft rock formations based on their hardness and strength, and a second drill bit and a third drill bit are selected, respectively. The second drill bit has a greater hardness and wear resistance than the third drill bit.

[0130] Adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the third drill bit according to the thickness and number of rock layers, adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the second drill bit according to the hardness and strength of the rock formation, and adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the first drill bit according to the degree of fracture development; adjust the drilling process of the drill bit according to the contact relationship between layers; adjust the sealing and wall-forming properties of the drilling fluid according to the porosity and permeability of the rock formation, and select the pump volume of the drilling fluid; adjust the drilling direction according to the direction of the rock formation.

[0131] Furthermore, the scheme prediction unit 3 is specifically used to: judge the complexity of data transmission according to the degree of fracture development, the contact relationship between layers, the predicted rock depth and the number of rock layers, and select wireless transmission, wired transmission or a combination of the two according to the complexity; predict the drilling speed of the drill bit according to the hardness and strength of the rock formation, the drill bit rotation speed and the drilling pressure, and set the data transmission frequency according to the drilling speed.

[0132] The present application provides a computer program product comprising computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to implement a method for controlling the operation of a coring drill rig. The method for controlling the operation of a coring drill rig is incorporated into a computer program product to facilitate its execution.

[0133] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the operation control method of a coring drill rig as described above.

[0134] The computer storage medium of this application may be any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or device. This application applies a method for controlling the operation of a coring drill rig to a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When executed by a processor, the program implements the steps of the clothing simulation method provided in this application, which is simple, fast, easy to store, and not easily lost.

[0135] This application proposes an operation control method, system, equipment and program product for a coring drill rig. By combining the precise prediction of geological information with the dynamic adjustment of data transmission, combined with actual drilling data, the rock formation conditions are dynamically and accurately grasped, and a transmission scheme is constructed by comprehensively considering multiple factors of the rock formation. While ensuring the precise and efficient operation of the coring drill rig, the stability and timeliness of data transmission during the operation are improved, most of the data analysis and decision-making processes are completed intelligently, reducing manual intervention and improving the automation level of the operation, providing technical support for the realization of unmanned or semi-unmanned coring drill rig operations. By constructing rock formation partitions, predicting rock formation depths, and configuring corresponding partition features and predictive drilling schemes, the coring drill rig can prepare for operations in advance for different rock formations, avoid blind drilling, reduce drill bit wear and equipment loss, and improve drilling efficiency. Based on the actual drilling data, the rock formation characteristics of the current area are analyzed in real time and matched with the preset rock formation partitions. Reference rock formation partitions are selected to guide subsequent operations and data transmission, so that the drill rig can adjust the operation mode in a timely manner according to the actual situation, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of the operation. Based on the actual drilling data, the rock characteristics of the current area are analyzed in real time and matched with the preset rock divisions. Reference rock divisions are selected to guide subsequent operations and data transmission, allowing the drilling rig to adjust the operation mode in a timely manner according to the actual situation, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of the operation.

[0136] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules of the present application described above can be implemented using a general-purpose computing system. They can be centralized on a single computing system or distributed across a network of multiple computing systems. Alternatively, they can be implemented using program code executable by a computer system, so that they can be stored in a storage system and executed by the computing system. Alternatively, they can be fabricated into separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. Thus, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0137] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, although the present application has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present application. The scope of the present application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

[0138] The above disclosure only describes several specific implementation scenarios of the present application. However, the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the operation of a coring drill, characterized in that: include: Obtain geological information of the area to be constructed and parse out geological characteristics including rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties from the geological information; Analyze the rock formation types existing in the construction area based on the geological characteristics to construct multiple rock formation partitions, and predict the rock formation depth of each rock formation partition to obtain a predicted rock formation depth; Based on the rock formation structure characteristics and rock formation physical properties, each rock formation partition is configured with corresponding partition characteristics and predicted drilling plans; a predicted data transmission plan is constructed for each rock formation partition based on the rock formation depth, predicted drilling plan and rock formation structure characteristics; Controlling a preset coring drill to drill the construction area in a preset normal mode, obtaining actual drilling data and parsing therefrom rock cuttings data, rock formation penetration data, drill bit data, and actual rock formation depth, and analyzing the rock formation hardness and rock formation fragmentation in the current area based on the drill bit data; Match the zoning characteristics of each rock formation partition based on the actual rock formation depth, rock formation hardness, rock formation fragmentation, rock cuttings data, and rock formation permeability data of the current area, select the rock formation partition as the reference rock formation partition, and perform operations and data transmission based on the predicted drilling plan and predicted data transmission plan of the reference rock formation partition respectively; The acquisition of the reference rock formation partition includes: matching the predicted rock formation depth of each rock formation partition with the actual rock formation depth, and taking the rock formation partition whose predicted rock formation depth includes the actual rock formation depth as the first rock formation partition; Performing a similarity analysis between each first rock formation partition and the current region to obtain a first similarity result; if the first similarity result indicates that there is a first rock formation partition with a similarity to the current region higher than a preset threshold, selecting the first rock formation partition with the highest similarity as a reference rock formation partition; If the first similarity result shows that there is no first rock formation partition with a similarity with the current area higher than a preset threshold, then: The rock formation partitions other than the first rock formation partition are regarded as second rock formation partitions. A similarity analysis is performed between each second rock formation partition and the current region to obtain a second similarity result. If the second similarity result shows that there is a second rock formation partition whose similarity with the current region is higher than a preset threshold, then: The second rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the quasi-reference rock formation partition, the difference between the predicted rock formation depth and the actual rock formation depth of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is calculated, and the predicted data transmission plan of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is adjusted according to the difference, and the adjusted quasi-reference rock formation partition is used as the reference rock formation partition.

2. The operation control method according to claim 1, wherein: The process of obtaining the predicted rock layer depth includes: after obtaining the geological characteristics, searching for a sample area with the same geological characteristics in a preset geological database; Obtain the distribution of rock formations in the sample area, and analyze all rock formation types from them. Select one or more rock formation types with the highest frequency according to their occurrence frequency to obtain rock formation partitions. All rock formation depths of each rock formation partition in the sample area are counted, and one or more rock formation depths with the highest frequency are selected according to the frequency of occurrence of the rock formation depths to obtain the predicted rock formation depth of the rock formation partition.

3. The operation control method according to claim 1, wherein: The rock formation structural characteristics include the layer thickness, number of layers, contact relationship between layers, degree of fracture development and rock formation direction; The physical properties of the rock formation include hardness, strength, density, porosity and permeability of the rock formation.

4. The operation control method according to claim 3, wherein: The acquisition of the predicted drilling plan specifically includes: The degree of rock fragmentation is determined based on the degree of fracture development. When the degree of fragmentation exceeds a preset degree, a first drill bit capable of multi-angle rock fragmentation is selected. When the degree of fragmentation is lower than the preset degree, the predicted rock formation is divided into predicted hard rock formations and predicted soft rock formations based on their hardness and strength, and a second drill bit and a third drill bit are selected, respectively. The second drill bit has a greater hardness and wear resistance than the third drill bit. Adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the third drill bit according to the thickness and number of rock layers, adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the second drill bit according to the hardness and strength of the rock formation, and adjust the drilling pressure and rotation speed of the first drill bit according to the degree of fracture development; adjust the drilling process of the drill bit according to the contact relationship between layers; adjust the sealing and wall-forming properties of the drilling fluid according to the porosity and permeability of the rock formation, and select the pump volume of the drilling fluid; adjust the drilling direction according to the direction of the rock formation.

5. The operation control method according to claim 3, wherein: The acquisition of the predicted data transmission scheme specifically includes: judging the complexity of data transmission based on the degree of fracture development, the contact relationship between layers, the predicted rock depth and the number of rock layers, and selecting wireless transmission, wired transmission or a combination of the two based on the complexity; predicting the drilling speed of the drill bit based on the hardness and strength of the rock formation, the drill bit rotation speed and the bit pressure, and setting the data transmission frequency based on the drilling speed.

6. An operation control system for a coring drill, characterized in that: include: An information acquisition unit, configured to acquire geological information of the area to be constructed and parse out geological characteristics including rock formation structural characteristics and rock formation physical properties from the geological information; A rock formation prediction unit is used to analyze the rock formation types existing in the construction area based on the geological characteristics to construct multiple rock formation partitions, and predict the rock formation depth of each rock formation partition to obtain a predicted rock formation depth; A scheme prediction unit is used to configure corresponding zone characteristics and predict drilling schemes for each rock layer zone according to the rock layer structural characteristics and rock layer physical properties; Comprehensive rock depth, predicted drilling plan and rock structure characteristics to build a predictive data transmission plan for each rock zone; a data analysis unit for controlling a preset coring drill to drill a construction area in a preset normal mode, obtaining actual drilling data and analyzing therefrom rock cuttings data, rock formation penetration data, drill bit data, and actual rock formation depth, and analyzing the rock formation hardness and rock formation fragmentation in the current area based on the drill bit data; A solution application unit is used to match the zoning characteristics of each rock formation partition according to the actual rock formation depth, rock formation hardness, rock formation fragmentation, rock cuttings data and rock formation permeability data of the current area, select the rock formation partition as the reference rock formation partition, and perform operations and data transmission based on the predicted drilling solution and predicted data transmission solution of the reference rock formation partition respectively; a solution application unit, specifically configured to: match the predicted rock formation depth of each rock formation partition with the actual rock formation depth, and use the rock formation partition whose predicted rock formation depth includes the actual rock formation depth as the first rock formation partition; Performing similarity analysis on each first rock layer partition and the current area to obtain a first similarity result; If the first similarity result shows that there is a first rock formation partition whose similarity with the current area is higher than a preset threshold, the first rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the reference rock formation partition; If the first similarity result shows that there is no first rock formation partition with a similarity with the current area higher than a preset threshold, then: The rock formation partitions other than the first rock formation partition are regarded as second rock formation partitions. A similarity analysis is performed between each second rock formation partition and the current region to obtain a second similarity result. If the second similarity result shows that there is a second rock formation partition whose similarity with the current region is higher than a preset threshold, then: The second rock formation partition with the highest similarity is selected as the quasi-reference rock formation partition, the difference between the predicted rock formation depth and the actual rock formation depth of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is calculated, and the predicted data transmission plan of the quasi-reference rock formation partition is adjusted according to the difference, and the adjusted quasi-reference rock formation partition is used as the reference rock formation partition.

7. A computer device, characterized in that: The computer device comprises: one or more processors; a memory for storing one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the operation control method of a coring drill rig as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises executable instructions for implementing an operation control method of a coring drill rig as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 when executed by a processor.

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