Intelligent safety control device and method for well drilling system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent safety control device and method for a well drilling system, and relates to the field of control. The device comprises a signal acquisition unit, a processing unit and a warning unit, the signal acquisition unit comprises an encoder, a hydraulic sensor and a position switch; the encoder collects mechanical displacement parameters of the winch drum shaft; the hydraulic sensor collects pressure parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline, and the position switch detects the in-place state of the plugging assembly. And the processing unit is used for judging the locking state of the blowout preventer based on the analog quantity signal and the digital quantity signal, and executing lifting and breaking prevention operation when the blowout preventer is locked. According to the intelligent safety control device and method of the drilling system, the height of the traveling block is obtained, the closed state of the blowout preventer is obtained through the two paths of signals, the warning and braking precision in the traveling block control process can be improved, collision accidents are effectively avoided, equipment safety is guaranteed, and the safety of the drilling system is improved. Therefore, the accuracy, the reliability and the safety of the traveling block control system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of control technologies, and in particular, to an intelligent safety control device and method for a drilling system. Background Art

[0002] In oil drilling operations, the control of the traveling block movement is a key step to ensure the safe operation of the traveling block. In the prior art, the height of the hook can be calculated based on the rotation parameters of the winch encoder, so as to realize the monitoring of the height of the traveling block. However, this method can only provide the height data of the traveling block, and thus remind the operator to perform a braking operation when the traveling block approaches the crown block. The function is relatively single. Moreover, there is a large lag in manual operation, resulting in low accuracy and reliability of the traveling block braking, which affects the safe operation of the drilling system.

[0003] Therefore, how to overcome the above existing technical problems and defects has become a key problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an intelligent safety control for a drilling system. By obtaining the height of the traveling block through an encoder, and timely executing the corresponding braking strategy, and obtaining the closed state of the blowout preventer through two-way signals and performing the anti-pulling-off operation, it is possible to improve the warning and braking accuracy in the control process of the traveling block, effectively avoid collision accidents, ensure equipment safety, and thus improve the accuracy, reliability and safety of the traveling block control system.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present application, an intelligent safety control device for a drilling system is provided. The drilling system includes a winch, a winch braking mechanism, a crown block, a traveling block and a blowout preventer, and the blowout preventer includes a plugging component. The device includes a signal acquisition unit, a warning unit and a processing unit. Among them, The signal acquisition unit includes an encoder, a hydraulic sensor and a position switch. The encoder is arranged on the drum shaft of the winch and is used to collect the mechanical displacement parameters of the winch drum shaft. The hydraulic sensor is arranged in the hydraulic oil pipeline of the blowout preventer plugging component and is used to collect the pressure parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline to generate an analog signal. The position switch is arranged at the blowout preventer plugging component and is used to detect the in-place state of the plugging component to generate a digital signal. The first signal input terminal of the processing unit is connected to the signal output terminal of the encoder, and the control terminal of the processing unit is connected to the controlled terminal of the warning unit; the processing unit is configured to determine the height information of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameter; and, based on the height information, determine whether the position of the traveling block reaches a preset position, and perform a corresponding braking operation when the preset position is reached; the number of preset positions is multiple, and the braking operations for different preset positions are different; and, based on the analog signal and the digital signal, judge the locked state of the blowout preventer, and perform an anti-pulling break operation when the blowout preventer is locked.

[0006] In the above solution, the preset positions include the second floor platform position, the warning position, and the upper brake position; the processing unit is configured to: When the traveling block reaches the second floor platform position, control the warning unit to perform a first warning operation; When reaching the warning position, control the warning unit to perform a second warning operation; When reaching the upper brake position, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism to control the drawworks brake mechanism to perform a braking operation.

[0007] In the above solution, the signal acquisition unit further includes a torque sensor and a load pressure sensor; The torque sensor and the load pressure sensor are arranged on the hook of the traveling block, and the signal output terminals of the torque sensor and the load pressure sensor are connected to the second signal input terminal of the processing unit; the torque sensor is configured to collect the torque parameter of the hook of the traveling block, and the load pressure sensor is configured to collect the load parameter of the hook of the traveling block; The processing unit is further configured to determine the moving direction of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameter; based on the moving direction, the torque parameter, and the load parameter, judge whether the moving state of the traveling block is normal, and generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism in the case of abnormal moving state.

[0008] In the above solution, the blowout preventer is a double ram blowout preventer; the plugging assembly includes an upper ram and a lower ram, the upper ram is a full-closure assembly for fully closing the wellhead, and the lower ram is a half-closure assembly for annularly closing the wellhead; The processing unit is configured to: Based on the analog signal, judge whether the hydraulic parameter exceeds a preset hydraulic threshold, and judge that the blowout preventer is locked when the preset hydraulic threshold is exceeded; Or, Based on the digital signal, judge whether the upper ram or the lower ram is closed, and judge that the blowout preventer is locked when any ram is closed.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present application, an intelligent safety control method for a drilling system is provided. The method includes: Collect mechanical displacement parameters of the drawworks drum shaft, and based on the mechanical displacement parameters, determine the height information of the traveling block. Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset position, and perform a corresponding braking operation when reaching the preset position; the number of preset positions is multiple, and the braking operations for different preset positions are different. Based on the analog signal and the digital signal, determine the locked state of the blowout preventer, and perform an anti-pulling break operation when the blowout preventer is locked; the analog signal is generated by collecting the pressure parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline of the blowout preventer sealing component, and the digital signal is generated by detecting the in-place state of the sealing component.

[0010] In the above solution, the preset positions include the second floor platform position, the warning position, and the upper brake position; the performing the corresponding braking operation when reaching the preset position includes: When the traveling block reaches the second floor platform position, control the warning unit to perform a first warning operation. When reaching the warning position, control the warning unit to perform a second warning operation. When reaching the upper brake position, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism. In response to the first control signal, the drawworks brake mechanism performs a braking operation.

[0011] In the above solution, the preset positions further include upper and lower anti-smashing positions, and the lower anti-smashing position is arranged below the brake position; the performing the corresponding braking operation when reaching the preset position further includes: When reaching the preset lower anti-smashing position, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism.

[0012] In the above solution, the method further includes: Collect the torque parameter and load parameter of the traveling block hook. Based on the mechanical displacement parameter, determine the moving direction of the traveling block. Based on the moving direction, the torque parameter, and the load parameter, determine whether the moving state of the traveling block is normal. In the case of an abnormal moving state, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism.

[0013] In the above solution, the determining the locked state of the blowout preventer based on the analog signal and the digital signal includes; Based on the analog signal, determine whether the hydraulic parameter exceeds a preset threshold, and when it exceeds the preset threshold, determine that the blowout preventer is locked. Or Based on the digital signal, determine whether the upper ram and the lower ram are closed, and when any one of the rams is closed, determine that the blowout preventer is locked.

[0014] In the above solution, the method further includes: Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset lower anti-smashing position, and when it reaches the preset lower anti-smashing position, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism.

[0015] In the above solution, the method further includes: Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset upper limit position; When it reaches the upper limit position and stays for more than n seconds, determine that the traveling block is in the state of changing the drill pipe; n≥12; Determine whether the number of times the traveling block is in the state of changing the drill pipe within the current counting cycle reaches N times, N≥3; When it reaches N times, generate a second control signal and send it to the grouting control box; the second control signal is used to instruct the grouting control box to perform an automatic grouting operation.

[0016] The intelligent safety control device and method for the drilling system provided by the present application detect the locked state of the blowout preventer by collecting a total of four signals, namely two hydraulic signals and two switch signals, realizing accurate and reliable monitoring of the locked state of the blowout preventer, so as to be able to accurately and timely execute the anti-pulling break operation, increasing the safety and reliability of the drilling system; further, by using an encoder to obtain the change in the moving position of the traveling block and performing a hierarchical warning mechanism when the traveling block reaches multiple warning positions, and performing a braking operation after reaching the limit position, not only realizes the hierarchicalization of the anti-collision response, but also realizes automatic response and automatic control, effectively improving the problems of operation lag and inaccurate braking position caused by manual operation, improving the accuracy and reliability of the crown block control, and ensuring the safe operation of the drilling system.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings here are incorporated into the specification and form a part of this specification, showing embodiments consistent with the present application, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present application.

[0019] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent safety control device for a drilling system provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the process flow of an intelligent safety control method for a drilling system provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless output circuit in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the circuit board structure of the main control chip in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the shell structure of the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 7 Top view of the shell of the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the power interface circuit structure in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the encoder interface circuit structure in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the display screen interface circuit structure in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the analog quantity channel protection circuit structure in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the analog quantity conversion circuit structure in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the digital quantity input circuit structure in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application; Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the digital quantity output circuit structure in the drilling safety intelligent control system provided by an application example of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] An intelligent safety control device for a drilling system is provided in an embodiment of the present application. The drilling system includes a drawworks, a drawworks brake mechanism, a crown block, a traveling block, and a blowout preventer, and the blowout preventer includes a sealing assembly.

[0022] The drilling system is a key device used in oil, natural gas, and geological exploration to construct wellbores. Its working principle involves the coordinated operation of multiple key components. During drilling operations, the drawworks serves as the power core, and the drill string is lifted and lowered through the wire rope on the drum. The motor or diesel engine drives the drum to rotate, and the wire rope amplifies the power through the pulley system composed of the crown block and the traveling block, reducing the drawworks load. The drawworks brake mechanism is used to control the lowering speed of the drill string and trigger hydraulic locking when a braking operation is required to achieve traveling block braking. The crown block is a pulley block fixed at the top of the derrick, usually equipped with 8 - 12 pulleys, and bears all the dynamic loads of the traveling system. The traveling block is suspended below the crown block and is connected to the drawworks drum through a wire rope, forming a movable pulley block to reduce the drawworks pulling force requirement. The function of the blowout preventer is the core well control device, which is used to seal the wellhead annulus to prevent blowouts and the ejection of uncontrolled fluids.

[0023] As Figure 1 shown, the device may include a signal acquisition unit 101, a warning unit 102, and a processing unit 103. The signal acquisition unit 101, the warning unit 102, and the processing unit 103 will be described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0024] The signal acquisition unit 101 includes an encoder, a hydraulic sensor, and a position switch. The encoder is arranged on the drum shaft of the drawworks and is used to acquire the mechanical displacement parameters of the drawworks drum shaft. The hydraulic sensor is arranged in the hydraulic oil pipeline of the sealing assembly of the blowout preventer and is used to acquire the pressure parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline and generate an analog signal. The position switch is arranged at the sealing assembly of the blowout preventer and is used to detect the in-place state of the sealing assembly and generate a digital signal.

[0025] The first signal input end of the processing unit 103 is connected to the signal output end of the encoder, and the control end of the processing unit 103 is connected to the controlled end of the warning unit 102. The processing unit 103 is used to determine the height information of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameters, and to determine whether the position of the traveling block reaches a preset position based on the height information and perform a corresponding braking operation when it reaches the preset position. The number of preset positions is multiple, and the braking operations for different preset positions are different. In addition, based on the analog signal and the digital signal, it judges the locked state of the blowout preventer and performs an anti-pulling break operation when the blowout preventer is locked.

[0026] In practical applications, the traveling block can also be referred to as the traveling block.

[0027] In practical applications, the preset positions include the second-level platform position, the warning position, and the upper braking position; the processing unit 103 can specifically be used for: When the traveling block reaches the second-level platform position, controlling the warning unit 102 to perform the first warning operation; When reaching the warning position, controlling the warning unit 102 to perform the second warning operation; When reaching the upper braking position, generating a first control signal and sending it to the winch braking mechanism to control the winch braking mechanism to perform a braking operation.

[0028] In practical applications, the first control signal is used to control the winch braking mechanism to perform a braking operation.

[0029] Here, the first warning operation can be to emit a warning prompt sound for 3 seconds; the warning position can be configured to be 2 meters in front of the upper braking position, and the second warning operation can be to continuously emit a sound warning.

[0030] In one embodiment, the preset positions further include upper and lower anti-smashing positions, and the lower anti-smashing position is set below the braking position; the processing unit 103 can further be used to perform an anti-smashing operation; specifically, the processing unit 103 can further be used for: When reaching the preset lower anti-smashing position, generating a first control signal and sending it to the winch braking mechanism.

[0031] In practical applications, the lower anti-smashing position can be configured to be 0.5 meters away from the upper braking position, and braking is performed when reaching the lower anti-smashing position to prevent the traveling block from smashing down onto the platform.

[0032] Here, by using the encoder signal to determine the height and performing multi-level warning control, it is possible to accurately monitor the position of the traveling block of the oil drilling rig. Thus, when the traveling block approaches the crown block, an alarm is automatically issued and the warning levels at different positions are distinguished. Finally, braking is achieved. Since graded warnings are made according to different positions, it is possible to effectively distinguish the current state of the traveling block. Therefore, it is possible to effectively avoid collision accidents, ensure equipment safety, and at the same time formulate braking-related strategies in advance to improve the working efficiency of the system.

[0033] In one embodiment, the signal acquisition unit further includes a torque sensor and a load pressure sensor; The torque sensor and the load pressure sensor are arranged on the hook of the traveling block, and the signal output ends of the torque sensor and the load pressure sensor are connected to the second signal input end of the processing unit 103; the torque sensor is used to collect the torque parameter of the hook of the traveling block, and the load pressure sensor is used to collect the load parameter of the hook of the traveling block; The processing unit 103 is further configured to determine the moving direction of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameter; judge whether the moving state of the traveling block is normal based on the moving direction, the torque parameter, and the load parameter, and generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism when the moving state is abnormal.

[0034] Here, the normal torque range of different load parameters in different moving directions can be preset in advance, and it is judged whether the current torque parameter exceeds the corresponding torque range, and when it exceeds, it is judged that the current moving state is abnormal; at the same time, by accurately and real-time obtaining the real-time height, hook load, torque, etc. of the traveling block, it is convenient for the operator to optimize the drill string hoisting control, and data recording and storage can be realized, providing a basis for subsequent analysis and operation optimization.

[0035] In practical applications, the blowout preventer in the drilling system is arranged at the wellhead and is used to block the well.

[0036] In one embodiment, the blowout preventer may adopt a double ram blowout preventer; the blocking assembly includes an upper ram and a lower ram; the upper ram is a full-closed assembly for completely closing the wellhead, and the lower ram is a semi-closed assembly for annularly closing the wellhead; hydraulic sensors are arranged on the hydraulic oil pipelines of the upper ram and the lower ram of the blowout preventer; the signal output end of the hydraulic sensor is connected to the third signal input end of the processing unit 103 and is used to collect the hydraulic parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline; When the processing unit 103 judges the locked state of the blowout preventer based on the analog signal and the digital signal, it is specifically configured to: Based on the analog signal, judge whether the hydraulic parameter exceeds the preset hydraulic threshold, and when it exceeds the preset hydraulic threshold, judge that the blowout preventer is locked; Or, Based on the digital signal, judge whether the upper ram or the lower ram is closed, and when any ram is closed, judge that the blowout preventer is locked.

[0037] In practical applications, the upper ram (full-closed ram) and the lower ram (semi-closed ram) are usually installed above the wellhead four-way; the four-way is a key component connecting the drilling platform and downhole equipment, and the ram blowout preventer is installed above the four-way and is used to control the wellhead pressure and fluid.

[0038] During the drilling construction process, the upper ram (full-closed ram) can be used to completely close the wellhead; specifically, when there is no drill string or other equipment in the well, the upper ram can completely close the wellhead to prevent blowout, oil and gas leakage or other accidents, so that in case of emergency, such as abnormal increase in downhole pressure, the upper ram can quickly close to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment; The lower gate (semi-closed gate) can be used for annular sealing to control well pressure; specifically, when there are oil pipes, drilling tools or other equipment in the well, the lower gate can seal the annular space around these equipment, thereby controlling the well pressure and preventing oil and gas leakage; since the sizes of downhole equipment may be different, the lower gate is usually designed with stronger adaptability and can fit closely to equipment of different sizes to ensure effective sealing.

[0039] In actual application, the lower gate can be a device that can seal the drill pipe and the wellhead annulus. When the lower gate is closed, the rubber seal holds the outer wall of the drill pipe to prevent the formation fluid from rising through the wellhead annulus, but the drilling fluid can still flow inside the drill pipe; the lower gate can also be called the lower half-sealing gate, or the lower half-sealing assembly.

[0040] In actual application, under some preset circumstances, the lower gate can also bear part of the weight of suspended drilling tools and other operating tools, providing stable support for underground operations.

[0041] In actual application, the upper gate plate can be a gate plate that can completely close the wellhead. When the upper gate plate is closed, the entire wellbore is completely isolated from the outside world to prevent fluid from spraying out. The upper gate plate can also be called an upper fully sealed gate plate, or an upper fully sealed assembly.

[0042] Here, by installing the upper gate and the lower gate on the wellhead four-way, they play the role of fully closing the wellhead and controlling the well pressure by ring seal. Since the design and installation of the double gates have fully considered the complexity and safety requirements of downhole operations, the reliability and accuracy of the gate status detection can be improved by detecting two signals of the closing state of any gate, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the entire drilling system.

[0043] In actual application, the preset hydraulic threshold can be configured as 11Mpa; based on the two analog signals (upper gate and lower gate hydraulic oil pipelines), it is judged whether the hydraulic parameters in the upper gate and lower gate hydraulic oil pipelines of the sealing mechanism exceed 11Mpa, and when the hydraulic parameters of any hydraulic oil pipeline exceed 11Mpa, the anti-lifting and breaking operation is performed.

[0044] Here, by performing anti-lifting and breaking operations in a timely manner when the gate is detected to be closed, not only can damage to the drilling tools be avoided, but the safety of construction workers can also be guaranteed.

[0045] In practical application, the device may include a switch signal acquisition module; the switch signal acquisition module is connected to the state signal output terminal of the hydraulic sensor and the position switch to obtain the state of the hydraulic sensor and the position switch; the switch signal acquisition module generates state information according to the collected state signal and sends it to the fourth signal input terminal of the processing unit 103; The processing unit 103 is further configured to determine whether the upper ram and the lower ram are in a closed state based on the status information, and when any one of the rams is in a closed state, determine that the blowout preventer is locked, and send a first control signal to the winch braking mechanism.

[0046] In practical applications, when the digital quantity signal acquisition module determines whether the hydraulic parameters in the hydraulic oil pipeline exceed the preset parameters according to the status signal of the hydraulic sensor, for example, whether it exceeds 11 Mpa, when the preset parameters are exceeded, status information representing the corresponding ram closing is generated and sent to the processing unit 103; correspondingly, it is also possible to determine whether the ram reaches the preset position according to the change of the digital quantity signal of the limit switch, and when the preset position is reached, status information representing the corresponding ram closing is generated and sent to the processing unit 103.

[0047] In practical applications, according to the actual construction conditions, either the hydraulic sensor or the position switch can be installed. For example, when the installation conditions of the hydraulic sensor are not available, the closing state of the ram is detected by installing the position switch. Another example is that when the installation conditions of the position switch are not available, the closing state of the ram is detected by installing the hydraulic sensor; of course, when both installation conditions are available, the hydraulic sensor and the position switch can be installed at the same time.

[0048] Here, the embodiment of the present application can collect a total of four analog quantities including the upper ram hydraulic signal, the lower half seal hydraulic signal, the hook pressure load signal, and the hook torque signal. Among them, two digital quantity signals collected through 2-channel hydraulic analog quantity signals and 2-channel digital quantity signal acquisition modules, a total of two types of four-channel signals, can be used to determine the closing state of the plugging component through any one of the signals, so as to accurately execute the anti-pulling break function and improve the accuracy and reliability of the braking control.

[0049] In the prior art, the drilling system grouts the drilling by means of manual control or grouting control box control; the height information of the traveling block can be introduced to determine whether the drill string has been replaced, so as to automatically send a grouting instruction to the grouting control box to instruct the grouting control box to start grouting.

[0050] Based on this, in one embodiment, the processing unit 103 is further configured to perform an automatic grouting operation; specifically, the processing unit 103 can also be used for: Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset upper limit position; When the upper limit position is reached and the residence time exceeds n seconds, it is determined that the traveling block is in a drill string replacement state; n≥12; Determine whether the number of times the traveling block is in the drill string replacement state within the current counting period reaches N times, N≥3; When the number of times reaches N, a second control signal is generated and sent to the grouting control box; the second control signal is used to instruct the grouting control box to perform automatic grouting operations.

[0051] In practical applications, n can be configured to 12, that is, when staying at the upper limit position for more than 12 seconds, it is determined that the current state enters the drill string replacement state; N can be set to 3 times; each time the drill string is replaced, the counter is incremented by one. When the count reaches 3 times, a grouting instruction is triggered to instruct the grouting control box to perform automatic grouting operations; at the same time, the counter is reset and enters the next counting cycle; of course, on-site staff can also manually input a grouting instruction, that is, manually control the generation of instructions to start or end grouting to achieve manual remote grouting.

[0052] Here, through automatic grouting control, it is possible to automatically control the supplementary drilling fluid to be injected into the wellbore through the grouting pump, causing the liquid level to rise, restoring the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column to balance the formation pressure, and achieving the prevention of formation fluid from invading the wellbore by increasing the liquid column pressure in the well, avoiding dangerous situations such as well kicks and blowouts, and maintaining the stability of the downhole pressure; at the same time, since the drilling fluid starts to circulate in the annulus again after the grouting starts and the cuttings return to the surface with the liquid flow, it is possible to achieve the effect of cleaning the wellbore, allowing the drilling fluid to smoothly carry the cuttings generated by the bit crushing the rock to the surface during the circulation process, ensuring the normal operation of the bit, and thereby improving the drilling efficiency.

[0053] In summary, the intelligent safety control device and method for a drilling system provided by the embodiments of the present application detect the locked state of the blowout preventer by collecting a total of four signals, namely two hydraulic signals and two switch signals, to achieve accurate and reliable monitoring of the locked state of the blowout preventer, so as to be able to accurately and timely perform the anti-pulling break operation, increasing the safety and reliability of the drilling system; further, by using an encoder to obtain the change in the moving position of the traveling block and implementing a hierarchical warning mechanism when the traveling block reaches multiple warning positions, and performing a braking operation after reaching the limit position, not only realizes the hierarchicalization of the anti-collision response, but also realizes automatic response and automatic control, effectively improving the problems of operation lag and inaccurate braking position caused by manual operation, improving the accuracy and reliability of the traveling block control, and ensuring the safe operation of the drilling system.

[0054] The embodiments of the present application also provide an intelligent safety control method for a drilling system; as Figure 2 shown, the method may include: S201: Collect the mechanical displacement parameters of the winch drum shaft; S202: Based on the mechanical displacement parameters, determine the height information of the traveling block; S203: Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset position; S204: Perform corresponding braking operations when reaching preset positions; there are multiple preset positions, and the braking operations for different preset positions are different; S205: Based on the analog signal and the digital signal, determine the locked state of the blowout preventer; the analog signal is generated by collecting the pressure parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline of the blowout preventer sealing component, and the digital signal is generated by detecting the in-place state of the sealing component; S206: When the blowout preventer is locked, perform an anti-pulling break operation.

[0055] In one embodiment, the preset positions include the second-floor platform position, the warning position, and the upper brake position; the performing corresponding braking operations when reaching the preset positions includes: When the traveling block reaches the second-floor platform position, control the warning unit 102 to perform the first warning operation; When reaching the warning position, control the warning unit 102 to perform the second warning operation; When reaching the upper brake position, generate a first control signal and send it to the winch brake mechanism; in response to the first control signal, the winch brake mechanism performs a braking operation.

[0056] In practical applications, the first control signal is used to control the winch brake mechanism to perform a braking operation.

[0057] In practical applications, the first warning operation can be to emit a warning prompt sound for 3 seconds; the warning position can be configured to be 2 meters in front of the upper brake position, and the second warning operation can be to continuously emit a sound warning.

[0058] In practical applications, when the traveling block descends to an excessively low position, an anti-smashing operation can also be performed.

[0059] Based on this, in one embodiment, the preset positions further include upper and lower anti-smashing positions, and the lower anti-smashing position is set below the brake position; the performing corresponding braking operations when reaching the preset positions further includes: When reaching the preset lower anti-smashing position, generate a first control signal and send it to the winch brake mechanism.

[0060] In practical applications, the lower anti-smashing position can be configured to be 0.5 meters away from the upper brake position, and when reaching the lower anti-smashing position, braking is performed to prevent the traveling block from smashing down onto the platform.

[0061] In practical applications, when the lifting and lowering state of the traveling block is abnormal, an anti-pulling break operation can also be performed.

[0062] Based on this, in one embodiment, the method may further include: Collect the torque parameter and load parameter of the traveling block hook; Determine the moving direction of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameter; Judge whether the moving state of the traveling block is normal based on the moving direction, the torque parameter and the load parameter; In the case of abnormal moving state, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism.

[0063] Here, the normal torque range of different load parameters in different moving directions can be preset in advance, judge whether the current torque parameter exceeds the corresponding torque range, and judge that the current moving state is abnormal when it exceeds.

[0064] In an embodiment, the blowout preventer is a double ram blowout preventer, and the plugging assembly includes an upper ram and a lower ram. The upper ram is a full-closure assembly for fully closing the wellhead, and the lower ram is a half-closure assembly for annularly closing the wellhead; the judging the locked state of the blowout preventer based on the analog signal and the digital signal, that is, S205, may include; Judge whether the hydraulic parameter exceeds a preset threshold based on the analog signal, and judge that the blowout preventer is locked when it exceeds the preset threshold; Or, Judge whether the upper ram and the lower ram are closed based on the digital signal, and judge that the blowout preventer is locked when any ram is closed.

[0065] In practical applications, the hydraulic sensor and the position switch can be installed alternatively according to the actual construction conditions. For example, when the installation condition of the hydraulic sensor is not available, the closing state of the ram is detected by installing the position switch. Another example is that when the installation condition of the position switch is not available, the closing state of the ram is detected by installing the hydraulic sensor; of course, when both installation conditions are available, the hydraulic sensor and the position switch can be installed simultaneously.

[0066] Here, the embodiment of the present application can collect a total of four analog quantities including the upper ram hydraulic signal, the lower ram hydraulic signal, the hook pressure load signal and the hook torque signal. Among them, through a total of two types of four signals, namely two hydraulic analog signals and two digital signals, the closing state of the plugging assembly can be judged by any one of the signals, so as to improve the reliability and accuracy of the ram state detection, realize the accurate execution of the anti-pulling-off function, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the braking control.

[0067] In practical applications, the preset hydraulic threshold can be configured to 11 Mpa; when the working state of the ram is closed, judge whether the hydraulic parameter in the hydraulic oil pipeline of any one of the upper ram and the lower ram of the plugging mechanism exceeds 11 Mpa, and perform the anti-pulling-off operation when any hydraulic parameter exceeds 11 Mpa.

[0068] In one embodiment, determining whether the hydraulic parameter exceeds a preset threshold based on the analog signal includes: Based on the analog signal, determine whether the hydraulic parameters of the hydraulic oil pipelines of the upper and lower gate plates of the plugging mechanism exceed 11 Mpa, and when the hydraulic parameter of any hydraulic oil pipeline exceeds 11 Mpa, determine that the hydraulic parameter exceeds the preset threshold.

[0069] In the prior art, the drilling system grouts the well by manual control or through a grouting control box; the height information of the traveling block can be introduced to determine whether the drill string has been replaced, so as to automatically send a grouting instruction to the grouting control box to instruct the grouting control box to perform the grouting operation automatically.

[0070] Based on this, in one embodiment, the method may further include: Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset upper limit position; When it reaches the upper limit position and stays for more than n seconds, determine that the traveling block is in the drill string replacement state; n≥12; Determine whether the number of times the traveling block is in the drill string replacement state within the current counting period reaches N times, N≥3; When it reaches N times, generate a second control signal and send it to the grouting control box; the second control signal is used to instruct the grouting control box to perform the automatic grouting operation.

[0071] Here, by automatically monitoring the number of drill string replacements and performing the automatic grouting operation, it can ensure that the static liquid column pressure in the wellbore is sufficient to offset the formation pressure, thereby preventing accidents such as blowouts or well leaks, reducing the direct contact between the formation and the drilling fluid, reducing the impact of pore pressure on the wellbore wall, enhancing the stability of the wellbore wall, and improving the safety and efficiency of the drilling operation.

[0072] In practical applications, n can be configured to 12, that is, when staying at the upper limit position for more than 12 seconds, it is determined that the current enters the drill string replacement state; N can be set to 3 times; every time the drill string is replaced, the counter is incremented by one, and when the count reaches 3 times, a grouting instruction is triggered to instruct the grouting control box to perform the automatic grouting operation; at the same time, the counter is reset and enters the next counting cycle; of course, on-site staff can also manually input the grouting instruction, that is, execute manual control to generate an instruction to start grouting or end grouting to achieve manual remote grouting.

[0073] In summary, the intelligent safety control method for the drilling system provided by the embodiments of the present application collects two signals, namely, the hydraulic signal and the switch signal that can reflect the locked state of the blowout preventer, to achieve accurate and reliable monitoring of the locked state of the blowout preventer. Thus, the operation of preventing lifting and breaking can be accurately and timely executed, increasing the safety and reliability of the drilling system. Further, by using an encoder to obtain the change in the moving position of the traveling block and implementing a hierarchical early warning mechanism when the traveling block reaches multiple early warning positions, and performing a braking operation after reaching the limit position, not only is the anti-collision response hierarchized to avoid excessive braking from interfering with the operation process, but also automatic response and automatic control are realized, effectively improving the problems of operation lag and inaccurate braking position caused by manual operation, improving the accuracy and reliability of traveling block control, and ensuring the safe operation of the drilling system.

[0074] It should be noted that when the intelligent safety control device for the drilling system provided in the above embodiments performs intelligent safety control of the drilling system, only the above division of each program module is used for illustration. In practical applications, the above processing can be allocated to different program modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different program modules to complete all or part of the above-described processing. In addition, the intelligent safety control device for the drilling system provided in the above embodiments and the embodiments of the intelligent safety control method for the drilling system belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0075] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with specific application examples.

[0076] Figure 3 shows an intelligent drilling safety control system; as Figure 3 shown, the system includes a host, a full-close switch (i.e., the position switch of the upper full-close ram), a half-close switch (i.e., the position switch of the lower half-close ram), a torque sensor, a hook load sensor, a full-close pressure sensor (i.e., the hydraulic sensor of the upper full-close ram), a half-close pressure sensor (i.e., the hydraulic sensor of the lower half-close ram), a keyboard, an LCD screen, an automatic grouting control box, a brake signal output terminal, a brake solenoid valve interface, and an audible alarm interface; among them, the system uses a wireless communication module to communicate with external devices, and the wireless communication module can use Figure 4 the wireless module with the model number AS10-M4463D-SMA shown.

[0077] The host can use a main control chip with the model number STM32F103; the circuit board structure diagram of the main control chip is as Figure 5As shown, the main control chip operates at a frequency of 72 MHz. A 10-pin interface with 7 keys is connected to an external keyboard, and a winch encoder interface is configured to access encoder signals. One acoustic alarm interface is configured to control the acoustic alarm. One brake solenoid valve interface is configured to control the brake solenoid valve for braking operations. One brake digital output interface is configured to send control signals to an external control device to enable the external device to control the brake solenoid valve for braking operations. Four analog input interfaces are respectively used to receive analog signals sent by a torque sensor, a hook load sensor, a full-closed pressure sensor, and a half-closed pressure sensor, and are respectively used to receive torque parameters, hook load parameters, full-closed hydraulic parameters, and half-closed hydraulic parameters. Two digital input interfaces are respectively used to receive digital signals sent by the full-closed switch and the half-closed switch, and are used to monitor the open or closed states of the upper and lower gate plates.

[0078] The main unit is arranged inside the housing, and the housing structure is as Figure 6 shown, Figure 7 which shows a top view of the housing, as Figure 6 shown. There are 10 interfaces on the side of the housing for connecting the main control circuit board to external devices; as Figure 7 shown, there is one power-on button and six function buttons on the upper end face of the housing. These six function buttons are respectively Test, Low Position, Settings, Platform, Release, and High Position.

[0079] A power interface circuit for accessing an external DC24V DC power supply is arranged on the main unit, as Figure 8 shown; among them, the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) Q1, diode D1, and resistor R1 together form a protection circuit to prevent reverse current connection; U1 plays a role in isolating the internal and external parts of the system circuit; LDO1 and U5 are low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) chips, which are respectively used to convert the system voltage into DC5V and 3.3V to provide stable power supply for the system.

[0080] A winch encoder interface circuit for accessing encoder signals is arranged on the main unit; Figure 9 which shows the circuit structure of the encoder interface circuit. Specifically, the encoder interface circuit is a one-channel height parameter acquisition module using an optoelectronic-digital tuning isolation coupling circuit. In the application example of this application, the control system can accurately calculate the height of the hook by collecting the parameters of the winch encoder; at the same time, according to the rotation direction of the encoder, the system can also judge whether the hook is rising or falling.

[0081] A display screen interface circuit for accessing a liquid crystal display screen is also arranged on the main unit; Figure 10The circuit structure of the display screen interface circuit is shown; wherein, the display screen interface circuit includes a power on / off circuit and a level conversion circuit, the power on / off circuit is used to control the power on / off of the screen, and the level conversion circuit is used to perform level conversion between the MCU and the liquid crystal display screen; wherein, TXS0108EPWR is responsible for converting the 3.3V level connected to the MCU into a 5V working level suitable for the screen, and Q3AO3401, R7, R8, Q3 MMBT3904, R15 and R7 are mainly responsible for the control task of the screen power on and off circuit; wherein, P3 is a 24Pin interface specially used for connecting to the LCD screen.

[0082] The host is equipped with an analog interface circuit for accessing analog signals; the analog interface circuit includes a transmitter interface circuit, an analog channel selection circuit, an analog channel protection circuit, and an analog conversion circuit; among which, the transmitter interface circuit mainly includes a sensor protection circuit and a 4-20ma transmitter circuit; Figure 11 As shown, the analog channel protection circuit uses the component ISO EM U1P1O4, which can isolate and transform the external sensor signal, convert it into an internal analog signal, and transmit it to the conversion unit AD12055, thereby realizing an effective anti-interference function; the analog conversion circuit can use the ADS1255 ADC unit, such as Figure 12 As shown, the ADS1255 ADC unit is responsible for collecting these analog signals and obtaining corresponding engineering values. In addition, the analog signal channel selection circuit can use the analog signal channel selection switch DG408DYZ-T. DG408DYZ-T transmits the analog signals of the four channels to the MCU in sequence through the address lines A, B, and C, thereby completing the collection and calculation of engineering parameters.

[0083] The analog interface circuit includes the above-mentioned four analog input interfaces, which are respectively used to receive analog signals sent by the torque sensor, the hook load sensor, the fully sealed pressure sensor, and the semi-sealed pressure sensor, and are respectively used to receive torque parameters, hook load parameters, fully sealed hydraulic parameters, and semi-sealed hydraulic parameters.

[0084] The host is equipped with a wireless output circuit for communicating with external devices, such as Figure 4 As shown; the host communicates with the automatic grouting control box through the wireless output circuit, thereby realizing the automatic grouting function; the wireless output circuit communicates through 433Mhz shortwave.

[0085] The digital input circuit configured on the host includes the above-mentioned 2 switch input interfaces, which are respectively used to receive the switch signals sent by the full-closed switch and the half-closed switch, and are used to monitor the open or closed state of the upper and lower gate plates; the digital input circuit can adopt an opto-digital tuning isolation coupling circuit to achieve electrical isolation between input and output; the circuit structure of the digital input circuit is as Figure 13 shown.

[0086] A digital output circuit for outputting control signals is also provided on the host. The digital output circuit is respectively used to output a sound alarm control signal, a brake control signal, and a brake signal; Figure 14 shows the circuit structure of the digital output circuit; among them, the digital output circuit mainly includes resistors R26, R27, a transistor Q5 (model MMBT3904), and an opto-relay AQV252GA; in order to ensure circuit safety, a protection circuit composed of a self-resetting fuse SMD1812P075TF / 33 and SMBJ30CA is also equipped.

[0087] Based on the above system architecture, the application example of this application also provides a drilling safety intelligent control method, including S1 to S6.

[0088] S1: Input of height signal; The accurate calculation of the traveling block height depends on the winch encoder installed at the end of the winch drum shaft; the encoder can effectively convert the mechanical displacement into an electrical signal; as the winch drum rotates, the encoder rotates synchronously and accurately captures the pulse signal during the rotation process; according to the pulse signal, the length of the wire rope is calculated, and then the specific height of the traveling block hook is determined.

[0089] S2: Input of four-channel analog signals; The first channel collects the pressure signal of the full-closed hydraulic pressure, which comes from the remote control console; The second channel collects the pressure signal of the half-closed hydraulic pressure, which comes from the remote control console; The third channel collects the pressure load signal of the hook; The fourth channel collects the torque signal.

[0090] S3: Input of two-channel digital signals; Here, the two-channel digital signals are also two-channel switch signals, which are respectively the switch signals of the full-closed and half-closed, and are used to reflect the switch states of the half-closed and full-closed; the switch signals are collected through devices such as pressure switches on the remote control console and proximity switches or Hall switches for detecting the gate position, ensuring accurate acquisition of the open or closed state of the blowout preventer gate.

[0091] S4: Data processing according to the input signals; Specifically, the data processing unit 103 uses a high-performance STM32F103 processor with a main frequency of 72Mhz; The processor is used to isolate and digitally convert analog signals to generate corresponding engineering values ​​such as pressure and torque; At the same time, the processor is also used to convert the pulse signal of the winch sensor into a height signal, and the switch signal into a corresponding engineering value; At the same time, the processor is also used to compare key parameters such as hook height, hook load, torque, etc. with preset thresholds in real time. When exceeded, it will trigger an audible alarm, brake action or send a brake signal.

[0092] Here, the alarm is installed near the driller and connected to the sound alarm interface of the host. When it is detected that the traveling block reaches the predetermined position (i.e. the first warning position), a slower frequency warning sound will be issued; once the traveling block reaches the brake position (i.e. the second warning position), the system will issue an alarm sound with a faster frequency. The electronic pneumatic control valve is installed at the bottom of the winch disc and is connected in parallel with the overwinding valve. When the main engine determines that there is a collision risk (i.e., it reaches the risk warning position), it can send a braking signal to the winch braking system through the brake signal output terminal to stop the drum from rotating and prevent the traveling block from continuing to move.

[0093] The system is also equipped with a brake solenoid valve interface, which can directly output a switch signal to trigger a brake shutdown.

[0094] S5: Execute the anti-break operation according to the data processing result; Among them, the control operation includes anti-lifting and breaking operation; specifically, the state of the gate is judged by monitoring the hydraulic oil pressure installed in the opening pipeline of the upper gate or the lower gate; when the gate is in a closed state, the corresponding pipeline pressure will rise, and the system uses a pressure sensor to detect this pressure change, so as to accurately judge whether the gate has been started or closed; to ensure safety, when the pressure of any gate exceeds 11Mpa, the system will automatically identify it as a closed state, and prohibit the drilling operation in this case.

[0095] The control operation also includes anti-collision control; specifically, during the drill lifting process, when the traveling carriage reaches the preset second-level platform, the system will issue a 3-second warning sound; when it reaches 2 meters before the brake position, it will continue to issue a sound warning; when it reaches the brake position, the electromagnetic system will be activated, the winch will be locked, and braking will be achieved; when the operator releases the brake, the drill bit can be lowered, and when it is lowered to the low position, the system will automatically achieve low-position braking and send out a brake signal.

[0096] Among them, the anti-pulling-break operation can also rely on the electronic switch signal on the remote console to detect the position of the ram; specifically, two digital signals are collected, corresponding to the switch states of the half-closed and full-closed respectively, and these signals can be provided by the remote console, specifically collected through the pressure switches installed on the hydraulic oil pipelines of the remote console, as well as proximity switches or Hall switches that detect the ram opening / closing in place and other devices; such a design ensures that the system can accurately obtain the position state of the blowout preventer ram, that is, the signal of its opening or closing; in this way, the system can obtain the position information of the ram in real time and take corresponding control measures when necessary to prevent the occurrence of pulling-break accidents.

[0097] S6: Perform automatic grouting operation according to the data processing result.

[0098] Specifically, when the system accurately calculates that each time the drill string is replaced by more than 3 joints, it is determined that the system needs to perform grouting. At this time, a grouting instruction is sent to the grouting control box through the wireless unit to achieve the automatic grouting function.

[0099] The application example of the present application has the following advantages: (1) By integrating a variety of important functions, it can greatly improve the safety and efficiency of oil drilling operations; (2) In terms of anti-collision, it can accurately monitor the position of the traveling block of the oil drilling rig. When the traveling block approaches the crown block, it quickly issues an alarm and brakes, effectively avoiding collision accidents and ensuring the safety of equipment.

[0100] (3) In terms of auxiliary operations, it can accurately display the real-time height of the traveling block, hook load, torque, etc., help the operator better control the lifting of the drill string, and can also record data, providing a basis for subsequent analysis and operation optimization; (3) In terms of anti-pulling-break, it can effectively avoid damage to the drill string in special situations such as the blowout preventer being locked, ensuring the safety of the operating personnel; (4) In terms of automatic grouting, on the one hand, it can balance the formation pressure. By automatically grouting, the hydrostatic pressure in the well is increased to prevent formation fluids from invading the wellbore, avoiding dangerous situations such as well kicks and blowouts, and maintaining the stability of downhole pressure; on the other hand, it can also achieve automatic wellbore cleaning, allowing the drilling fluid to smoothly carry the cuttings generated by the bit crushing the rock to the surface during the circulation process, ensuring the normal operation of the bit, and thus improving the drilling efficiency.

[0101] It should be noted that: "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily need to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0102] In addition, among the technical solutions recorded in the embodiments of the present application, they can be arbitrarily combined without conflict.

[0103] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An intelligent safety control device for a drilling system, the drilling system comprising a drawworks, a drawworks brake mechanism, a crown block, a traveling block, and a blowout preventer, the blowout preventer comprising a plugging assembly; characterized in that, The device includes a signal acquisition unit, a warning unit, and a processing unit; wherein, The signal acquisition unit includes an encoder, a hydraulic sensor, and a position switch; the encoder is arranged on the drum shaft of the drawworks and is used to collect the mechanical displacement parameters of the drawworks drum shaft; the hydraulic sensor is arranged in the hydraulic oil pipeline of the blowout preventer plugging assembly and is used to collect the pressure parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline and generate an analog signal; the position switch is arranged at the blowout preventer plugging assembly and is used to detect the in-place state of the plugging assembly and generate a digital signal; The first signal input end of the processing unit is connected to the signal output end of the encoder, and the control end of the processing unit is connected to the controlled end of the warning unit; the processing unit is used to determine the height information of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameters; and is used to determine whether the position of the traveling block reaches a preset position based on the height information and perform a corresponding braking operation when reaching the preset position; the number of preset positions is multiple, and the braking operations for different preset positions are different; and based on the analog signal and the digital signal, judge the locked state of the blowout preventer, and perform an anti-pulling break operation when the blowout preventer is locked.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset positions include the second floor platform position, the warning position, and the upper brake position; the processing unit is used to: When the traveling block reaches the second floor platform position, control the warning unit to perform the first warning operation; When reaching the warning position, control the warning unit to perform the second warning operation; When reaching the upper brake position, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism to control the drawworks brake mechanism to perform a braking operation.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition unit further includes a torque sensor and a load pressure sensor; The torque sensor and the load pressure sensor are arranged on the hook of the traveling block, and the signal output ends of the torque sensor and the load pressure sensor are connected to the second signal input end of the processing unit; the torque sensor is used to collect the torque parameters of the hook of the traveling block, and the load pressure sensor is used to collect the load parameters of the hook of the traveling block; The processing unit is further used to determine the moving direction of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameters; Based on the moving direction, the torque parameter, and the load parameter, judge whether the moving state of the traveling block is normal, and in the case of an abnormal moving state, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein The blowout preventer is a double ram blowout preventer; the plugging assembly includes an upper ram and a lower ram, the upper ram is a full-closed assembly for fully closing the wellhead, and the lower ram is a half-closed assembly for annularly closing the wellhead; The processing unit is used to: Based on the analog signal, judge whether the hydraulic parameter exceeds a preset hydraulic threshold, and when exceeding the preset hydraulic threshold, judge that the blowout preventer is locked; Or, Based on the digital signal, judge whether the upper ram or the lower ram is closed, and when any ram is closed, judge that the blowout preventer is locked.

5. An intelligent safety control method for a drilling system, characterized in that, The method includes: Collect the mechanical displacement parameters of the drawworks drum shaft, and determine the height information of the traveling block based on the mechanical displacement parameters; Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset position, and perform corresponding braking operations when reaching the preset position; the number of preset positions is multiple, and the braking operations for different preset positions are different; Based on analog signals and digital signals, determine the locked state of the blowout preventer, and perform an anti-pulling break operation when the blowout preventer is locked; the analog signal is generated by collecting the pressure parameters of the hydraulic oil pipeline of the blowout preventer sealing component, and the digital signal is generated by detecting the in-place state of the sealing component.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein The preset positions include the second floor platform position, the warning position, and the upper brake position; The performing corresponding braking operations when reaching the preset position includes: When the traveling block reaches the second floor platform position, control the warning unit to perform the first warning operation; When reaching the warning position, control the warning unit to perform the second warning operation; When reaching the upper brake position, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism; In response to the first control signal, the drawworks brake mechanism performs a braking operation.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The preset positions further include upper and lower anti-smashing positions, and the lower anti-smashing position is arranged below the brake position; The performing corresponding braking operations when reaching the preset position further includes: When reaching the preset lower anti-smashing position, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The method further includes: Collect the torque parameters and load parameters of the traveling block hook; Based on the mechanical displacement parameters, determine the moving direction of the traveling block; Based on the moving direction, the torque parameters, and the load parameters, determine whether the moving state of the traveling block is normal; In the case of abnormal moving state, generate a first control signal and send it to the drawworks brake mechanism.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein The blowout preventer is a double ram blowout preventer; the sealing component includes an upper ram and a lower ram. The upper ram is a full-closure component for fully closing the wellhead, and the lower ram is a half-closure component for annularly closing the wellhead. The determining the locked state of the blowout preventer based on analog signals and digital signals includes; Based on the analog signal, determine whether the hydraulic parameter exceeds a preset threshold, and when exceeding the preset threshold, determine that the blowout preventer is locked; Or, Based on the digital signal, determine whether the upper ram and the lower ram are closed, and when any one of the rams is closed, determine that the blowout preventer is locked.

10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the height information, determine whether the traveling block reaches a preset upper limit position; When reaching the upper limit position and staying for more than n seconds, determine that the traveling block is in the state of changing the drill pipe; n≥12; Determine whether the number of times the traveling block is in the state of changing the drill pipe within the current counting cycle reaches N times, N≥3; In the case of reaching N times, generate a second control signal and send it to the grouting control box; the second control signal is used to instruct the grouting control box to perform an automatic grouting operation.

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