Wear-resistant mixed-flow water turbine set for high water head, high rotating speed and high sand content

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-wear mixed-flow water turbine set for high water head, high rotating speed and high sand content, and belongs to the technical field of mixed-flow water turbines. Comprising a volute and a main shaft, one end of the main shaft penetrates through the volute and is fixedly connected with a rotating wheel located in the volute, and blades are evenly distributed on the inner side of the rotating wheel; water is guided into the water inlet pipe in the tangential direction through the guide-in pipe, then spiral water flow descending can be formed, sediment and water can be better separated under the action of centrifugal force through cooperation of the sediment removal structure, the filtered and intercepted sediment can be discharged out of the filter cartridge in time, the situation that follow-up water flowing is affected due to blockage is avoided, and the service life of the filter cartridge is prolonged. Meanwhile, abrasion caused by impact of small silt to the blades can be effectively blocked through the protection blocks, and meanwhile the collection channel is arranged and can be used for intercepting and collecting the silt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mixed-flow turbines, and particularly to an anti-wear mixed-flow turbine unit for high head, high speed and high sediment content. Background Art

[0002] The mixed-flow turbine is also known as the Francis turbine, which belongs to a type of reaction turbine. It was invented by the American engineer Francis in 1849, also known as the Francis turbine or the radial-axial flow turbine. The water flow radially enters the runner from all around and then approximately axially exits the runner. The runner consists of a crown, a lower ring and blades. In recent years, the development trend has been towards high head, large capacity, high specific speed and high efficiency. However, the sediment content in rivers in China is relatively high, and the sediment in the water will cause relatively large wear to the inside of the turbine.

[0003] At present, the existing methods for reducing the internal wear of the turbine unit caused by impurity sediment are mainly divided into two parts:

[0004] First, intercept the impurity garbage in the water in the form of a grille to prevent it from entering the inside of the turbine and causing damage.

[0005] Second, build a sedimentation tank: When building a power station in a sediment-laden river, a sedimentation tank can be built in front of the inlet of the diversion tunnel, so that a large amount of sediment is first deposited in the sedimentation tank, and then relatively clean water is introduced into the turbine to reduce wear.

[0006] However, the above two methods will still cause some sediment to enter the inside of the turbine unit through the water flow, and the sediment will gradually wear the internal structure of the turbine unit, affecting the operation of the turbine. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an anti-wear mixed-flow turbine unit for high head, high speed and high sediment content, which solves the problem of relatively large wear caused by sediment in the water to the inside of the turbine.

[0008] The present invention is realized as follows. An anti-wear mixed-flow turbine unit for high head, high speed and high sediment content includes a spiral case and a main shaft. One end of the main shaft penetrates through the spiral case and is connected to a runner located inside the spiral case. Uniformly distributed blades are arranged inside the runner. A draft tube is connected to the bottom of the spiral case, and a water inlet pipe is connected to one side of the spiral case. A guiding pipe is connected to the water inlet of the water inlet pipe. The guiding pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe and is used to introduce water into the inside of the water inlet pipe along the tangent direction of the water inlet pipe. A sand removal structure for removing sediment in the water is arranged in the water inlet pipe.

[0009] The sand removal structure includes a guiding plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the water inlet pipe. The guiding plate is distributed in a spiral shape. A filter cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the water inlet pipe. A guiding ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cylinder. The lower end of the guiding plate extends into the interior of the filter cylinder and is fixedly connected to the top of the guiding ring. A discharge groove is formed at the bottom of the filter cylinder.

[0010] A connecting block is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the filter cylinder. The top of the connecting block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guiding ring. The cross-sectional shape of the connecting block is J-shaped, and the inner side of the connecting block communicates with the discharge groove.

[0011] An installation cylinder is arranged on the surface of the water inlet pipe. A sand discharge pipe is communicated with the upper end of the surface of the installation cylinder. The inner top wall of the installation cylinder is rotatably connected with an installation shaft. The lower end of the installation shaft penetrates out of the installation cylinder and is fixedly connected with a third transmission wheel. A spiral conveyor plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation shaft and is located inside the installation cylinder. A connecting pipe is communicated with the lower end of the surface of the installation cylinder. The other end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the tail water pipe. A filter screen is arranged at the communication part of the connecting pipe and the installation cylinder.

[0012] A discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation cylinder. The other end of the discharge pipe is communicated with the discharge groove. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe. Annularly distributed driving vane plates are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating rod. A guiding plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe and is located between the discharge groove and the rotating rod.

[0013] The lower end of the rotating rod penetrates out of the discharge pipe and is fixedly connected with a fourth transmission wheel. A second transmission belt is arranged on the surface of the fourth transmission wheel. The fourth transmission wheel is in transmission connection with the third transmission wheel through the second transmission belt.

[0014] A second transmission wheel is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating rod. A first transmission belt is arranged on the surface of the second transmission wheel. The second transmission wheel is in transmission connection with a first transmission wheel through the first transmission belt.

[0015] A rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the filter cylinder. The lower end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the first transmission wheel. The upper end of the rotating shaft penetrates the filter cylinder and is fixedly connected with a rotating plate. Annularly distributed push rods are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating plate.

[0016] A protective block is fixedly connected to the surface of the blade. Uniformly distributed collection channels are formed on the surface of the protective block. A discharge channel is formed on the surface of the protective block. The collection channels communicate with the discharge channel, and the collection channels and the discharge channel are distributed in a cross shape.

[0017] Advantages and technical effects of the present invention: In the Francis turbine unit of the present invention, water is introduced into the inner part of the water inlet pipe in a tangential direction through the inlet pipe, and then a spiral water flow can be formed to descend. Cooperating with the sand removal structure, sediment and water can be better separated under the action of centrifugal force, and the filtered and intercepted sediment can be discharged from the inside of the filter cylinder in time to avoid blockage and affect the subsequent water flow. At the same time, the protective block can effectively prevent the wear caused by the impact of smaller sediment on the blades, and the collection channel can be used for the interception and collection of sediment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the sand removal structure and the water inlet pipe of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic connection diagram of the guiding plate and the filter barrel of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged view of A in

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic connection diagram of the discharge pipe and the installation cylinder of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 is a schematic connection diagram of the blade and the runner of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 is a schematic distribution diagram of the discharge channel, the collection channel and the protective block of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1, volute; 101, water inlet pipe; 102, main shaft; 103, draft tube; 2, inlet pipe; 3, sand removal structure; 301, guiding plate; 302, installation cylinder; 303, sand discharge pipe; 304, filter cylinder; 305, guiding ring; 306, discharge groove; 307, connecting block; 308, rotating plate; 309, push rod; 310, rotating shaft; 311, first transmission wheel; 312, first transmission belt; 313, discharge pipe; 314, guiding plate; 315, second transmission belt; 316, spiral conveyor plate; 317, installation shaft; 318, second transmission wheel; 319, rotating rod; 320, driving vane; 321, third transmission wheel; 322, fourth transmission wheel; 323, connecting pipe; 324, filter screen; 1021, runner; 1022, blade; 1023, protective block; 1024, discharge channel; 1025, collection channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may also be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in the description of the present invention are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only implementation manner.

[0028] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0029] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the first feature may be in direct contact with the second feature "on" or "under" the second feature, or the first feature and the second feature may be in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the description of the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used in the description of the present invention includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0031] As Figure 1-7As shown in the figure, the anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high water head, high rotational speed and high sediment content of the present invention includes a spiral case 1 and a main shaft 102. One end of the main shaft 102 penetrates through the spiral case 1 and is connected to a runner 1021 located inside the spiral case 1. Uniformly distributed blades 1022 are arranged on the inner side of the runner 1021. A draft tube 103 is connected to the bottom of the spiral case 1, and a water inlet pipe 101 is connected to one side of the spiral case 1. An inlet pipe 2 is connected to the water inlet of the water inlet pipe 101. The inlet pipe 2 is communicated with the water inlet pipe 101 and is used to introduce water into the interior of the water inlet pipe 101 along the tangential direction of the water inlet pipe 101. A sand removal structure 3 for removing sediment in the water is arranged in the water inlet pipe 101.

[0032] Furthermore, the sand removal structure 3 includes a guide plate 301 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the water inlet pipe 101. The guide plate 301 is spirally distributed. A filter cylinder 304 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the water inlet pipe 101. A guide ring 305 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cylinder 304. The lower end of the guide plate 301 extends into the interior of the filter cylinder 304 and is fixedly connected to the top of the guide ring 305. A discharge groove 306 is formed at the bottom of the filter cylinder 304.

[0033] Furthermore, a connecting block 307 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the filter cylinder 304. The top of the connecting block 307 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide ring 305. The cross-sectional shape of the connecting block 307 is J-shaped, and the inner side of the connecting block 307 is communicated with the discharge groove 306.

[0034] Furthermore, an installation cylinder 302 is arranged on the surface of the water inlet pipe 101. A sand discharge pipe 303 is communicated with the upper end of the surface of the installation cylinder 302. The inner top wall of the installation cylinder 302 is rotatably connected to an installation shaft 317. The lower end of the installation shaft 317 penetrates through the installation cylinder 302 and is fixedly connected to a third transmission wheel 321. A spiral conveyor plate 316 located inside the installation cylinder 302 is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation shaft 317. A connecting pipe 323 is communicated with the lower end of the surface of the installation cylinder 302. The other end of the connecting pipe 323 is connected to the draft tube 103. A filter screen 324 is arranged at the communication part of the connecting pipe 323 and the installation cylinder 302.

[0035] Furthermore, a discharge pipe 313 is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation cylinder 302. The other end of the discharge pipe 313 is communicated with the discharge groove 306. A rotating rod 319 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe 313. Annularly distributed driving vane plates 320 are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating rod 319. A guide plate 314 located between the discharge groove 306 and the rotating rod 319 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe 313.

[0036] Further, the lower end of the rotating rod 319 penetrates out of the discharge pipe 313 and is fixedly connected with a fourth transmission wheel 322. A second transmission belt 315 is arranged on the surface of the fourth transmission wheel 322. The fourth transmission wheel 322 is in transmission connection with the third transmission wheel 321 through the second transmission belt 315.

[0037] Further, a second transmission wheel 318 is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating rod 319. A first transmission belt 312 is arranged on the surface of the second transmission wheel 318. The second transmission wheel 318 is in transmission connection with a first transmission wheel 311 through the first transmission belt 312.

[0038] Further, a rotating shaft 310 is arranged at the bottom of the filter cartridge 304. The lower end of the rotating shaft 310 is fixedly connected to the top of the first transmission wheel 311. The upper end of the rotating shaft 310 penetrates through the filter cartridge 304 and is fixedly connected with a rotating plate 308. Annularly distributed push rods 309 are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating plate 308.

[0039] Further, a protective block 1023 is fixedly connected to the surface of the blade 1022. Uniformly distributed collection channels 1025 are arranged on the surface of the protective block 1023. A discharge channel 1024 is arranged on the surface of the protective block 1023. The collection channels 1025 are communicated with the discharge channel 1024, and the collection channels 1025 and the discharge channel 1024 are distributed in a cross shape.

[0040] Specifically, water is introduced into the inside of the water inlet pipe 101 in a tangential direction through the inlet pipe 2, and then a spiral water flow can be formed to descend. The spiral guide plate 301 can enhance the rotation effect of the water flow. During this process, the rotation of the water flow separates it from water under the action of centrifugal force, facilitating better retention of sediment inside the filter cartridge 304 after entering the inside of the filter cartridge 304. The sediment can be discharged through the discharge groove 306 under the action of part of the water. The filtered water can be introduced into the inside of the volute 1 through the water inlet pipe 101, and then the volute 1 can guide the water to push the blade 1022 inside the runner 1021 to rotate.

[0041] During the process of part of the water flow driving the sediment to be discharged through the discharge groove 306, the sediment can be pushed into the inside of the discharge pipe 313, and under the action of the guide plate 314, the driving vane 320 is pushed to rotate the rotating rod 319, and finally it is introduced into the inside of the installation cylinder 302. During this process, when the rotating rod 319 rotates, it can drive the fourth transmission wheel 322 to rotate synchronously. Then, under the action of the second transmission belt 315, the third transmission wheel 321 can be driven to rotate, and thus the installation shaft 317 can be driven to rotate. During this process, the effect of driving the spiral conveyor plate 316 to rotate and convey the sediment upward can be achieved, and it is discharged through the sand discharge pipe 303. Part of the water entering the inside of the installation cylinder 302 can enhance the fluidity of the sediment, thereby facilitating the lifting of the sediment.

[0042] By setting the filter screen 324, the water entering the inside of the installation cylinder 302 can pass through the filter screen 324, enter the inside of the connecting pipe 323, and be introduced into the draft tube 103 for dust removal. The sediment is intercepted by the filter screen 324 inside the installation cylinder 302, and the lifting effect of the sediment is achieved as the bolt conveyor plate 316 rises. Moreover, the setting of the filter screen 324 can ensure that the water level inside the connecting pipe 323 is always lower than the outlet height inside the discharge pipe 313, thereby ensuring the flow direction of water and sediment.

[0043] At the same time, during the rotation of the rotating rod 319, the rotating shaft 310 can be driven to rotate under the combined action of the first driving wheel 311, the first transmission belt 312, and the second driving wheel 318, and then the rotating plate 308 is driven to rotate. During this process, the push rod 309 can be driven to push the sediment inside the filter cylinder 304, so that it can pass through the inner side of the connecting block 307 and be discharged better through the discharge slot 306.

[0044] The setting of the desilting structure 3 can intercept and filter a large amount of sediment. A small amount of smaller sediment will still enter the inside of the volute 1 and cause wear on the surface of the blade 1022 during the process of driving the blade 1022 to rotate. Therefore, the protective block 1023 is set to effectively block the wear caused by the impact of smaller sediment on the blade 1022. At the same time, the setting of the collection channel 1025 can be used for intercepting and collecting sediment, and the discharge channel 1024 can drive the sediment to be discharged into the inside of the draft tube 103 together during the process of water being introduced into the draft tube 103.

[0045] The working principle of the present invention: Water is introduced into the inside of the water inlet pipe 101 in a tangential direction through the inlet pipe 2, and then a spiral water flow can be formed and descend. Cooperating with the spiral guide plate 301 can strengthen the rotation effect of the water flow. During this process, the water flow rotates under the action of centrifugal force to separate it from the water, which is convenient for better intercepting the sediment inside the filter cylinder 304 after entering the filter cylinder 304 later. The sediment can be discharged through the discharge slot 306 under the action of part of the water. The filtered water can be introduced into the inside of the volute 1 through the water inlet pipe 101, and then the volute 1 can be used to guide the water to drive the blade 1022 inside the runner 1021 to rotate. During this process, by setting the desilting structure 3, the sediment in the water can be effectively intercepted and filtered, reducing the impact of sediment on the water turbine. Moreover, the protective block 1023 can effectively block the wear caused by the impact of smaller sediment on the blade 1022. At the same time, the setting of the collection channel 1025 can be used for intercepting and collecting sediment, and the discharge channel 1024 can drive the sediment to be discharged into the inside of the draft tube 103 together during the process of water being introduced into the draft tube 103.

[0046] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the various technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as falling within the scope described in this specification.

[0047] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high water head, high rotational speed and high sediment content, comprising a spiral case (1) and a main shaft (102). One end of the main shaft (102) penetrates through the spiral case (1) and is connected to a runner (1021) located inside the spiral case (1). Uniformly distributed blades (1022) are arranged on the inner side of the runner (1021). A draft tube (103) is communicated with the bottom of the spiral case (1), and a water inlet pipe (101) is communicated with one side of the spiral case (1). It is characterized in that, An inlet pipe (2) is connected to the water inlet of the water inlet pipe (101). The inlet pipe (2) is communicated with the water inlet pipe (101) and is used to introduce water into the interior of the water inlet pipe (101) along the tangential direction of the water inlet pipe (101). A sand removal structure (3) for removing sediment in the water is arranged in the water inlet pipe (101).

2. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment concentration according to claim 1, wherein The sand removal structure (3) includes a guide plate (301) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the water inlet pipe (101). The guide plate (301) is spirally distributed. A filter cylinder (304) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the water inlet pipe (101). A guide ring (305) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the filter cylinder (304). The lower end of the guide plate (301) extends into the interior of the filter cylinder (304) and is fixedly connected to the top of the guide ring (305). A discharge groove (306) is formed in the bottom of the filter cylinder (304).

3. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment content according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting block (307) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the filter cylinder (304). The top of the connecting block (307) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide ring (305). The cross-sectional shape of the connecting block (307) is J-shaped, and the inner side of the connecting block (307) is communicated with the discharge groove (306).

4. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment concentration according to claim 3, characterized in that, An installation cylinder (302) is arranged on the surface of the water inlet pipe (101). A sand discharge pipe (303) is communicated with the upper end of the surface of the installation cylinder (302). An installation shaft (317) is rotatably connected to the inner top wall of the installation cylinder (302). The lower end of the installation shaft (317) penetrates out of the installation cylinder (302) and is fixedly connected to a third transmission wheel (321). A spiral conveyor plate (316) located inside the installation cylinder (302) is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation shaft (317). A connecting pipe (323) is communicated with the lower end of the surface of the installation cylinder (302). The other end of the connecting pipe (323) is communicated with the tail water pipe (103). A filter screen (324) is arranged at the communication part of the connecting pipe (323) and the installation cylinder (302).

5. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment content according to claim 4, characterized in that, A discharge pipe (313) is fixedly connected to the surface of the installation cylinder (302). The other end of the discharge pipe (313) is communicated with the discharge groove (306). A rotating rod (319) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe (313). A driving vane plate (320) distributed in a ring shape is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating rod (319). A guide plate (314) located between the discharge groove (306) and the rotating rod (319) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the discharge pipe (313).

6. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment concentration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower end of the rotating rod (319) penetrates out of the discharge pipe (313) and is fixedly connected to a fourth transmission wheel (322). A second transmission belt (315) is arranged on the surface of the fourth transmission wheel (322). The fourth transmission wheel (322) is in transmission connection with the third transmission wheel (321) through the second transmission belt (315).

7. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment content according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second transmission wheel (318) is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating rod (319). A first transmission belt (312) is arranged on the surface of the second transmission wheel (318). The second transmission wheel (318) is in transmission connection with a first transmission wheel (311) through the first transmission belt (312).

8. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment content according to claim 7, characterized in that, A rotating shaft (310) is provided at the bottom of the filter cartridge (304). The lower end of the rotating shaft (310) is fixedly connected to the top of the first transmission wheel (311). The upper end of the rotating shaft (310) penetrates through the filter cartridge (304) and is fixedly connected to a rotating plate (308). Annularly distributed push rods (309) are fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating plate (308).

9. The anti-wear Francis turbine unit for high head, high rotational speed and high sediment content according to claim 1, characterized in that, A protective block (1023) is fixedly connected to the surface of the blade (1022). Uniformly distributed collection channels (1025) are formed on the surface of the protective block (1023). A discharge channel (1024) is formed on the surface of the protective block (1023). The collection channels (1025) communicate with the discharge channel (1024), and the collection channels (1025) and the discharge channel (1024) are cross-shapedly distributed.

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