Ash remover of air preheater

Abstract

The invention discloses an air preheater deashing device which comprises a flexible deashing unit, a rotating shaft and a rotating shaft moving device, the flexible deashing unit is arranged on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with the rotating shaft moving device, and the air preheater deashing device adopts a flexible deashing unit mode. The flexible ash removal unit is in a free state, ash is not prone to adhering to the surface of the flexible ash removal unit, and the ash adhering to the surface of the flexible ash removal unit is prone to falling off due to rotation and small contact area, so that continuous ash removal is achieved, and vertical channels between heat exchange tubes of the air preheater are kept unobstructed. And accessories or characteristic design for enhancing the grinding function can be additionally arranged on the surface of the flexible ash removal unit, so that the ash removal effect of the equipment is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ash cleaning equipment, and particularly relates to an air preheater ash cleaner. Background Art

[0002] In the existing contact mechanical ash cleaning device for air preheaters, the following problems still exist during actual working conditions: The ash cleaning elements such as combs or scrapers of the contact mechanical ash cleaning device for air preheaters use the rigidity of the ash cleaning elements when reciprocating between the tube seams of the air preheater to squeeze and peel off the ash covering the surface of the heat exchange tubes; the ash is continuously pushed by the ash cleaning elements towards the two end tube plates of the air preheater, resulting in the accumulation of ash at both ends of the air preheater; due to the inability to push the accumulated ash, the ash cleaning stroke of the contact mechanical ash cleaning device for air preheaters gradually shortens, ultimately causing the equipment to be unable to perform ash cleaning operations. In addition, during the ash cleaning process of the ash cleaning elements such as combs or scrapers of the contact mechanical ash cleaning device for air preheaters, due to reasons such as the out-of-alignment or thermal deformation of the heat exchange tubes of the air preheater, the comb plate or scraper will be stuck, resulting in the shutdown of the ash cleaning device and inability to operate.

[0003] In the prior art patent CN221076499U, this device further blows the ash between the air preheater tubes through an additional blowing device. However, due to the limitations of the blowing device; the air flow coverage is restricted by the complex structure of the tube bundle gap, and there are still significant defects during actual operation: First, the penetration of the blowing air flow between the dense tube bundles is insufficient, making it difficult to effectively blow the ash away from the tube seams of the air preheater; second, continuous high-pressure blowing will cause the intensification of tube bundle vibration, accelerating metal fatigue and possibly causing cracks in the welds between the heat exchange tubes and the tube plates; third, when the blowing device is aimed at highly viscous ash, due to the stronger adhesion of the highly viscous ash and its difficulty in being removed by the blowing air flow, the ash cleaning effect is more limited. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an air preheater ash cleaner to solve the current technical problems.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: The present invention provides an air preheater ash cleaner, including: a flexible ash cleaning unit, a rotating shaft, and a rotating shaft moving device. The flexible ash cleaning unit is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to the rotating shaft moving device.

[0006] Preferably, the flexible ash cleaning unit is a closed loop composed of a combination or single of chains, ropes, cables, and belts. The flexible ash cleaning unit is suspended on the rotating shaft, and the flexible ash cleaning unit is arranged between the tube seams of the heat exchange tubes; the vertical height between the highest point and the lowest point of the flexible ash cleaning unit is greater than the vertical height between the highest point and the lowest point of the heat exchange tube bundle of the air preheater.

[0007] Preferably, the rotating shaft cooperates with a track provided on the air preheater. The rotating shaft drives the flexible soot cleaning unit to rotate around the rotating shaft, and the flexible soot cleaning unit is located between the vertical gaps of adjacent heat exchange tubes of the air preheater. The track can be erected separately on the air preheater or the strengthened air preheater heat exchange tubes can be used as the track.

[0008] Preferably, a rotation driving device is connected to the rotating shaft. The rotation driving device is a high-temperature resistant motor, a pneumatic motor or a hydraulic motor, and the rotation driving device drives the rotating shaft through a transmission mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating shaft moving device is used to adjust the relative position of the rotating shaft on the air preheater, and the rotating shaft moving device drives the rotating shaft and the flexible soot cleaning unit to move back and forth along the axial direction of the heat exchange tube.

[0010] Preferably, the rotating shaft moving device is connected to the rotating shaft through a push-pull rod passing through the wall of the boiler flue. The rotating shaft is arranged above the track. The track is axially parallel to the air preheater heat exchange tube, and the track is arranged on the upper side of the air preheater.

[0011] Preferably, it further includes a connecting bracket and a supporting shaft. The connecting bracket is connected to the rotating shaft and fixes the supporting shaft below the air preheater heat exchange tube. The supporting shaft synchronously moves with the upper rotating shaft through the connecting bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating shaft moving device is installed above the air preheater. The flexible soot cleaning unit is sleeved on the rotating shaft and the supporting shaft. The rotating shaft moving device drives the two rotating shafts to move in opposite directions at the same time, and the rotating shaft and the supporting shaft drive the flexible soot cleaning unit to move.

[0013] Preferably, the rotating shaft and the rotating shaft moving device are arranged on the lower side of the air preheater. The rotating shaft moving device is connected to the rotating shaft below the air preheater through a push-pull rod. The rotating shaft is arranged on a track laid along the axial direction of the heat exchange tube. The rollers of the rotating shaft are conventional rollers or hanging wheels. The ends of the connecting brackets extending upward on both sides of the rotating shaft exceed the horizontal height of the heat exchange tube, and the top ends thereof fix the supporting shaft to form a tension structure of the lower rotating shaft and the upper supporting shaft.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a self-cleaning ash device, which is composed of at least one of a scraping plate, an orbital scraping plate, and a pneumatic purging system. The scraping plate is arranged on the circulating path of the flexible ash cleaning unit around the rotating shaft. The orbital scraping plate is installed on the rotating shaft and moves with the rotating shaft. The pneumatic purging system includes a plurality of soot blowing nozzles, which access the gas source from the outside of the boiler flue wall. The soot blowing nozzles are fixed on the rotating shaft and are respectively directed towards the flexible ash cleaning unit and the track.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The air preheater ash cleaning equipment adopts the flexible ash cleaning unit (chain, rope, belt, etc.) method to realize the removal of ash accumulation in the air preheater tube seams. The flexible ash cleaning unit is in a free state, and its surface is not easy to adhere to ash. Moreover, due to rotation and a small contact surface, the ash adhering to the surface is easy to fall off, thereby realizing continuous ash cleaning and keeping the vertical channels between the heat exchange tubes of the air preheater unobstructed. And auxiliary parts or features with enhanced grinding functions can be installed in the flexible ash cleaning unit, further improving the ash cleaning effect of the equipment.

[0016] The air preheater ash cleaning device adopts a flexible ash cleaning unit, which has a high degree of deformation freedom. When encountering the situation of the air preheater heat exchange tubes being out of alignment or thermally deformed, it can generate bending deformation and pass through this part without being stuck.

[0017] Devices such as scraping plates are added to the air preheater ash cleaning equipment to clean the accumulated ash adhered to the track and the ash cleaning elements, ensuring the ash cleaning efficiency and stability during the long-term operation of the equipment.

[0018] The driving devices of the air preheater ash cleaning equipment have various implementation methods, and different driving methods can adapt to different working conditions and environmental conditions, improving the applicability of the equipment in different scenarios.

[0019] The equipment supports upper and lower bilateral installation, adapts to different air preheater structures, and improves the environmental adaptability and expandability of the ash cleaning equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above aspects and advantages of the present invention will become obvious and easy to understand from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, where: Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the air preheater ash cleaner in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the air preheater ash cleaner in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 3 is another schematic structural diagram of the air preheater ash cleaner in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the air preheater ash cleaner in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the soot blower for the air preheater in Embodiment 5 of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the soot blower for the air preheater in Embodiment 6 of the present invention; Figure 7 It is another schematic structural diagram of the soot blower for the air preheater in Embodiment 6 of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the soot blower for the air preheater in Embodiment 7 of the present invention. Description of reference numerals

[0021] In Figures 1-8 , the rotating shaft moving device 1; push-pull rod 2; rotating shaft 3; track 4; heat exchange tube 5; air preheater 6; soot cleaning unit 7; gear 8; rotating drive device 9; transmission rod 10; bevel gear box 11; boiler flue wall 12; high-temperature resistant cylinder 13; crank-rocker mechanism 14; support shaft 15; connecting bracket 16; soot cleaning trolley 17; scraping plate 18; track scraping plate 19; soot blowing nozzle 20; telescopic shaft 21. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention provides a soot blower for an air preheater, including the following common features: Flexible soot cleaning unit 7: A closed-loop structural component made of parts such as chains, ropes, cables, belts, etc. singly or in combination, with a high degree of deformation freedom. The flexible soot cleaning unit 7 is relative to the comb tooth plate in the prior art (patent: CN216346334U). During the soot cleaning process, the closed-loop structure made of parts such as chains, ropes, cables, belts, etc. singly or in combination will deform. It is installed on the rotating shaft 3 and penetrates downward or upward between the tube gaps of the heat exchange tubes 5 of the air preheater; the accumulated ash is scraped and ground through the combined movement of rotation and horizontal movement. After the flexible soot cleaning unit 7 is installed, its highest point is higher than the highest point of the heat exchange tube bundle of the air preheater, and the lowest point is lower than the lowest point of the heat exchange tube bundle, and the overall coverage range exceeds the vertical height range of the heat exchange tube bundle of the air preheater. Accessories or features for enhancing the grinding function can be added to the flexible soot cleaning unit 7, such as bumps on the ring chain, knots on the rope, wire brushes, toothed plate chains, etc.

[0024] Rotating shaft 3: As the bearing and driving component of the flexible soot cleaning unit 7, the rotating shaft 3 drives the flexible soot cleaning unit 7 to perform cyclic rotation around its own axis. At the same time, the rotating shaft 3 is connected to the rotating shaft moving device 1 and can reciprocate axially along the heat exchange tube 5.

[0025] Rotating shaft moving device 1: Used to adjust the relative position of the rotating shaft 3 on the air preheater 6 and drive the rotating shaft 3 and the flexible soot cleaning unit 7 to reciprocate axially along the heat exchange tube 5. The driving method of the rotating shaft moving device 1 can be selected according to the actual working conditions, including but not limited to: motor-screw drive, cylinder drive, rack and pinion drive, and stepping device drive.

[0026] The air preheater soot cleaner includes: a rotating shaft moving device 1, a rotating shaft 3, and a flexible soot cleaning unit 7. The push-pull rod 2 of the rotating shaft moving device 1 penetrates the boiler flue wall 12 and drives the rotating shaft 3 to reciprocate axially along the heat exchange tube 5. The rotating shaft 3 drives the flexible soot cleaning unit 7 to perform continuous rotational motion, so that the flexible soot cleaning unit 7 continuously scrapes and grinds the accumulated ash between the tube seams. This composite motion mode effectively avoids the problem of accumulated ash piling up at the tube plate end caused by traditional one-way scraping. By continuously peeling off the adhered accumulated ash through the continuous circular path of the flexible soot cleaning unit 7, it significantly improves the cleaning efficiency of highly viscous deposits such as ammonium bisulfate and low-temperature adhesive ash, and extends the effective operation cycle of the equipment. At the same time, the air preheater soot cleaner can adjust the horizontal movement speed and / or rotation frequency in real time, and can make corresponding adjustments according to the degree of accumulated ash, reducing the energy consumption of the equipment.

[0027] The air preheater soot cleaner realizes the efficient cleaning of the heat exchange tube 5 by the flexible soot cleaning unit 7 through the rotating shaft moving device 1 and the rotating shaft 3. The specific process is as follows: 1. Position adjustment of the rotating shaft 3 Horizontal movement (axial along the heat exchange tube 5): The rotating shaft moving device 1 adopts a motor-rack and pinion or cylinder drive. The rotation of the motor drives the gear to mesh with the rack fixed on the upper side of the air preheater 6; or the telescopic movement of the cylinder piston rod pushes the rotating shaft 3, and the rotating shaft 3 reciprocates above the air preheater 6 to cover the soot cleaning area of the air preheater 6.

[0028] 2. Rotation drive of the flexible soot cleaning unit 7 Power input: The driving methods of the rotating shaft 3 include: driving by converting the horizontal movement of the rotating shaft into rotational movement or directly driving through the power input of the driving device, so as to realize the self-rotation of the rotating shaft 3 around its axis. For example, a gear or sprocket is fixed on the rotating shaft, and a rack and a chain are arranged on the moving path of the rotating shaft to engage with it, and the rotating shaft rotates while moving; the linear motion of the piston rod of the cylinder is converted into the circular motion of the rotating shaft 3 through a crankshaft, or the motor directly drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate at high / low speed.

[0029] Flexible unit circular motion: A plurality of flexible ash cleaning units 7 are equidistantly installed on the rotating shaft 3 according to the spacing of the heat exchange tubes 5 of the air preheater. When the rotating shaft 3 rotates, the flexible units are driven to rotate circularly around the rotating shaft through friction or meshing teeth, so that they make continuous reciprocating motions between the gaps of the heat exchange tubes 5.

[0030] 3. Multi-unit collaborative ash cleaning A plurality of flexible ash cleaning units 7 on the same rotating shaft 3 are evenly distributed according to the spacing of the heat exchange tubes 5 of the air preheater, and can simultaneously clean multiple groups of adjacent heat exchange tubes 5. The coverage range dynamically expands with the movement of the rotating shaft 3, realizing an efficient ash cleaning mode of "single shaft with multiple units and full-stroke coverage". Embodiment 1

[0031] On the basis of the above common features, this embodiment further includes the following features: 4. Support shaft 15 stabilizes the ash cleaning path Vertical tension control: The support shaft 15 maintains a fixed spacing from the rotating shaft 3 through the connecting bracket 16 to realize the fixation of the relative position, and the support shaft 15 moves synchronously with the rotating shaft 3. The support shaft 15 spreads the flexible ash cleaning units 7 to both sides, so that the vertical parts thereof remain in a substantially vertical state, forming a stable "rectangular ash cleaning track", ensuring that the flexible units closely adhere to the surfaces of the two rows of heat exchange tubes 5 and avoiding the attenuation of the ash cleaning pressure caused by flexible deformation.

[0032] Compound motion ash cleaning: Under the combined action of the rotation of the rotating shaft 3 (circumferential power) and the horizontal movement of the rotating shaft 3 (axial power), the flexible ash cleaning unit 7 has a double effect of "scraping + grinding" on the ash accumulated between the heat exchange tubes 5; During the rotation process, the convex points, saw teeth or knotted structures on the surface of the flexible unit continuously scrape the ash adhering to the tube wall; When moving horizontally back and forth, the flexible unit advances along the axis of the heat exchange tube 5, gradually taking the peeled ash away from the air preheater 6 to avoid the accumulation of ash at the end of the tube sheet.

[0033] Preferably, the air preheater ash cleaner can also be optionally equipped with the following auxiliary components: Connecting bracket 16: Both ends are connected to the supporting shaft 15 and the rotating shaft 3 (or the moving end of the telescopic shaft 21) to ensure that the two move synchronously.

[0034] Support shaft 15: The support shaft forms a "two-point support" structure with the rotating shaft 3 (fixed by the connecting bracket 16), which props up the closed-loop structure of the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 to keep it in a tensioned state. It constrains the swing of the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 and increases the shear force generated by the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 when it contacts the dust accumulation.

[0035] Track 4: The track provides a stable guide path for the horizontal reciprocating movement of the rotating shaft 3 (the main shaft carrying the flexible dust removal unit). It is usually set on the upper or lower side of the air preheater 6 and arranged parallel to the axis of the heat exchange tube 5 of the air preheater 6. Profiles, linear slides, etc., or the heat exchange tube 5 on the upper layer of the air preheater 6 can be used as the track 4. Example 2

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, based on the above common features or embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes the following features: The air preheater ash cleaner rotating shaft moving device 1 is placed outside the boiler flue wall 12 (air preheater 6 shell), and the rotating shaft moving device 1 passes through the boiler flue wall 12 (air preheater 6 shell) through the push-pull rod 2 installed at the moving end and is hinged to the rotating shaft 3. The rotating shaft 3 is placed above the track 4, and the track 4 is parallel to the heat exchange tube 5 of the air preheater 6 and is laid on the upper side of the air preheater 6. The track 4 is similar to a rack, and the track 4 surface has equidistant notches that mesh with the gears 8 fixed on the rotating shaft 3. The rotating shaft 3 is sleeved with multiple groups of flexible ash cleaning units 7. When the ash cleaning equipment is started, the rotating shaft moving device 1 drives the rotating shaft 3 and the flexible ash cleaning unit 7 to move back and forth along the track 4 through the push-pull rod 2. At the same time, when the rotating shaft 3 moves, the tooth surface of the gear 8 continuously meshes with the notch on the track 4, driving the rotating shaft 3 to rotate, and driving the flexible cleaning unit 7 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 3. During the reciprocating movement of the rotating shaft 3 along the track 4, the flexible cleaning unit 7 always keeps rotating around the rotating shaft 3. When encountering dust accumulation, the continuously circulating flexible cleaning unit 7 continuously scrapes and grinds the dust accumulation between the pipe seams, forming a continuous cleaning pressure. This cleaning method can gradually remove the dust accumulation from the air preheater 6. For sticky dust accumulation, the cleaning pressure formed by this continuous scraping and grinding also has a good cleaning effect, and due to the high degree of freedom of the flexible cleaning unit 7, the sticky dust accumulation can be dropped by a slight bump after adhering to the surface of the flexible cleaning unit 7. Example 3

[0037] like Figures 2-3 As shown, based on the above common features or embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes the following features: To enhance the stability of the rotation of the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 driven by the rotating shaft 3, a rotary drive device 9 is added to the dust cleaning equipment. This device can adopt various high-temperature resistant drive forms and transmission mechanisms to adapt to the complex working conditions in the boiler flue. The direct drive method installs a high-temperature resistant motor, pneumatic motor or hydraulic motor on the inner side of the flue wall to directly transmit the power to the rotating shaft 3, driving the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 to rotate around the shaft to ensure reliable drive in a high-temperature environment.

[0038] When it is necessary to transmit the rotational power through a transmission mechanism, considering the sealing requirements in the positive pressure environment in the flue, the power transmission opening (for passing through the transmission rod 10) and the opening of the push-pull rod 2 of the rotating shaft moving device 1 are usually set in the same plane to reduce the number and size of the openings in the flue wall. For example, when using a crank connecting rod mechanism, the cylinder can be installed inside or outside the flue. When installed outside, the crank connecting rod is connected through transmission, converting the linear reciprocating motion of the piston into the intermittent rotation of the rotating shaft 3. When the piston thrust exceeds the rotational resistance torque, the crank drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate; the bevel gear or helical gear mechanism transmits the rotational motion of the drive source to the rotating shaft 3 through the meshing of gears on two intersecting or staggered axes, realizing the power conversion of spatial angles; the worm and worm gear mechanism uses the precise meshing of the worm spiral teeth and the worm gear tooth grooves to convert the rotational motion of the worm into the rotation of the worm gear around the vertical axis, and then drives the rotating shaft 3 to operate stably; the double universal joint drive structure consists of two universal joints and an intermediate shaft to form a spatial drive chain, which is arranged at an angle of 45°, realizing the rotational power transmission in a 90° spatial right-angle layout; the belt pulley and belt mechanism transmits power through the vertically crossed belt pulleys and the tensioned transmission belt, and it is necessary to ensure an appropriate pre-tightening force to maintain stability; the flexible shaft transmission mechanism connects the drive source and the rotating shaft 3 through the 90° arc bending of the flexible metal shaft, realizing the power transmission under the vertical deflection of the axis.

[0039] Thanks to the independent setting of the rotary drive device 9, the horizontal reciprocating motion and the rotational motion of the dust cleaning equipment can be controlled separately: when the equipment starts, the rotating shaft moving device 1 first drives the rotating shaft 3 and the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 to reciprocate along the track 4 to initially locate the ash accumulation area, and at this time the rotary drive device 9 does not start temporarily; when it reaches the area with concentrated ash accumulation, the rotary drive device 9 starts, driving the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 to rotate at high speed, forming a directional dust cleaning pressure through continuous scraping and grinding, and specifically removing stubborn ash accumulation. This "moving positioning - fixed-point strengthening" operation mode enables the rotary drive device 9 to work only when necessary, effectively reducing the overall energy consumption of the equipment, and at the same time improving the pertinence and efficiency of the dust cleaning operation. Embodiment 4

[0040] As Figure 4 shown, on the basis of the above common features or Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes the following features: In the ash cleaning equipment of the air preheater, the auxiliary component connecting bracket 16 is connected to the rotating shaft 3 to fix the support shaft 15 below the heat exchange tubes 5 of the air preheater 6. The support shaft 15 moves synchronously with the upper rotating shaft 3 through the connecting bracket 16. Its function is to penetrate into the closed loop of the flexible ash cleaning unit 7 (such as a plate chain), restricting the movement path of the flexible unit between the two points of "rotating shaft 3 - support shaft 15", thus forming a stable and tensioned rectangular trajectory. This design can effectively reduce the swing deformation of the flexible unit during movement and enhance the tangential component force acting on the ash during ash cleaning. The rotating shaft 3 is fixed on the ash cleaning trolley 17. The rollers on the ash cleaning trolley 17 cooperate with the roller track 4 arranged along the axis of the heat exchange tubes 5 above the air preheater 6, enabling the rotating shaft 3 to reciprocate along the track 4. Driving sprockets are arranged equidistantly on the rotating shaft 3 according to the spacing of the heat exchange tubes 5, used for hanging the annular plate chain and driving its cyclic rotation. The driving system includes two parts: horizontal driving and rotational driving. The horizontal driving is achieved by a linear motor installed outside the wall 12 of the boiler flue. The moving end of the linear motor is connected to the push-pull rod 2. A sealing device is provided when the push-pull rod 2 passes through the flue wall to prevent flue gas leakage, thereby driving the ash cleaning trolley 17 to move along the track 4. The rotational driving relies on the high-temperature resistant cylinder 13 on the trolley. The piston rod of the cylinder converts the linear motion into the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft 3 through the crank-rocker mechanism 14.

[0041] The design of the support shaft 15 is optimized for the deficiencies when the flexible ash cleaning unit 7 naturally droops. When the flexible unit has no support, it is prone to large bending deformation due to its flexibility during movement, resulting in only being able to apply pressure in a single direction (upward or downward) during ash cleaning, with insufficient cutting force on the viscous ash. The support shaft 15, as the lower support point, forms two-point support with the upper rotating shaft 3, keeping the plate chain in a vertically tensioned state. This not only reduces the attenuation of the contact pressure caused by bending deformation, ensuring that the plate chain closely adheres to the heat exchange tubes 5, but also can simultaneously apply a vertical scraping force and a horizontal shearing force to the ash during the composite process of the plate chain rotation (circumferential movement) and the horizontal movement of the trolley (axial movement), efficiently peeling off the highly viscous ash.

[0042] When the device is running, in the initial state, the plate chain is sleeved on the driving sprocket of the rotating shaft 3 and the lower support shaft 15, and naturally droops to form a "upper sprocket - lower support shaft 15" closed loop in the gap of the heat exchange tubes 5. The linear motor, the high-temperature resistant cylinder 13 and the push-pull rod 2 sealing device are all in a ready state. After the dust cleaning is started, the linear motor drives the push-pull rod 2 to drive the dust cleaning trolley 17 to reciprocate along the axial track 4, covering multiple rows of heat exchange tubes 5 area. At the same time, the piston rod of the high-temperature resistant cylinder 13 expands and contracts, and the rotating shaft 3 is continuously rotated through the crank-rocker mechanism 14, and the driving sprocket drives the plate chain to rotate in a cycle. In the compound movement, the plate chain continuously scrapes the accumulated dust in the gap of the heat exchange tubes 5 in the spiral trajectory formed by "rotation + horizontal movement" through the surface protrusion or serrated structure. The restriction of the support shaft 15 on the swing of the plate chain generates an additional shear force when it contacts the accumulated dust, preventing the accumulated dust from piling up towards the end of the tube sheet, and thus gradually taking the accumulated dust away from the air preheater 6. Embodiment 5

[0043] As Figure 5 shown, on the basis of the above common features or Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes the following features: In this embodiment, the air preheater dust cleaning device is integrally adjusted and installed under the air preheater 6. Its core structure continues the configuration of the track 4, the rotating shaft moving device 1, the rotating shaft 3, the flexible dust cleaning unit 7, the connecting bracket 16 and the support shaft 15, and adapts to different preheater structures through position reconstruction. The rotating shaft moving device 1 adopts a linear motor and a push-pull rod 2. The rotating shaft 3 is composed of a dust cleaning trolley 17 (including a trolley bracket and a roller assembly), a rotating shaft 3 and a rotating shaft 3 driving device. The flexible dust cleaning unit 7 is a plate chain.

[0044] When the device is installed, the linear motor is fixed on the outer side of the boiler flue wall 12, and its moving end is connected to the rotating shaft 3 below the air preheater 6 through the push-pull rod 2. A sealing device is arranged at the place where the push-pull rod 2 penetrates the flue wall to prevent flue gas leakage. The rotating shaft 3 is carried on the roller track 4 laid along the axis of the heat exchange tubes 5. The roller assembly of the dust cleaning trolley 17 can be designed as a conventional roller or a hanging wheel form according to requirements (so that the trolley is suspended below the track 4) to ensure the stability of reciprocating movement along the track 4. The rotating shaft 3 is installed on the trolley, and driving sprockets are evenly arranged on the shaft according to the spacing of the heat exchange tubes 5. The ends of the connecting brackets 16 extending upward on both sides of the trolley exceed the horizontal height of the heat exchange tubes 5, and the support shaft 15 is fixed at their tops. Driven wheels that are vertically aligned and equally spaced with the driving sprockets can be selectively configured on the support shaft 15 to form a tensioning structure of "lower driving sprocket - upper support shaft 15", so that the plate chain is tensioned as the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 between the two, and the operating efficiency is guaranteed through the pre-tightening force. The high-temperature resistant cylinder 13 of the rotary driving device 9 is fixed on the trolley, and its piston rod is connected to the rotating shaft 3 through the crank-rocker mechanism 14, converting the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft 3.

[0045] When the equipment is running, the linear motor and the high-temperature resistant cylinder 13 start synchronously. The former drives the ash cleaning trolley 17 to reciprocate along the axis of the heat exchange tube 5 through the push-pull rod 2, and the latter drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate through the crank-rocker mechanism 14, so that the driving sprocket drives the plate chain to form a closed-loop cycle. During the combined movement of "rotation of the rotating shaft 3" and "horizontal movement of the trolley", the plate chain continuously scrapes the ash accumulated in the gaps of the heat exchange tubes 5. Its tension state is jointly maintained by the driving sprocket of the lower rotating shaft 3 and the upper support shaft 15 to avoid the attenuation of the ash cleaning pressure caused by flexible relaxation. When the plate chain contacts the accumulated ash, the stable tension trajectory enables it to apply continuous scraping and grinding forces. Combined with the propulsion effect generated by the horizontal movement, the accumulated ash is gradually carried away from the preheater, effectively meeting the stripping requirements of highly viscous accumulated ash. This solution adapts to different preheater structures through reverse design of the upper and lower positions, and at the same time uses the tension cooperation between the driving sprocket and the roller shaft to ensure the stable operation of the flexible ash cleaning unit 7 under complex working conditions, improving the environmental adaptability and ash cleaning efficiency of the equipment. Embodiment 6

[0046] As Figures 6-7 shown, on the basis of the above common features or Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes the following features: To solve the problems of reduced efficiency caused by the adhesion of accumulated ash to the ash cleaning components and derailment caused by the accumulation of ash on the track 4, multiple self-cleaning devices are added to ensure the continuous and efficient operation of the equipment. For the accumulated ash adhering to the surface of the flexible ash cleaning unit 7, scraping plates 18 are installed on its circulating path around the rotating shaft 3. The positions and angles of the scraping plates 18 are optimized to ensure that when the flexible unit (such as a chain or a plate chain) rotates, its surface continuously contacts and scrapes against the scraping plates 18, and the adhered accumulated ash is removed by mechanical peeling to prevent the accumulation of accumulated ash on the surface of the flexible components from affecting the ash cleaning effect.

[0047] Regarding the problem of ash accumulation on the running track 4 of the rotating shaft 3, a track scraping plate 19 is integrated on the ash cleaning trolley 17 or the rotating shaft 3. The track scraping plate 19 is made of wear-resistant material and is installed at the front end of the trolley or above the contact surface of the track 4. It scrapes the ash on the surface of the track 4 in advance as the trolley moves, preventing the accumulation of ash from causing roller jamming or derailment and ensuring the smooth reciprocating movement of the ash cleaning equipment along the track 4.

[0048] In addition, the equipment is also equipped with a pneumatic purging system. The air source is connected from the outside of the boiler flue wall 12, and multiple soot blowing nozzles 20 are fixed on the ash cleaning trolley 17. The nozzles are respectively oriented towards the flexible ash cleaning unit 7 and the track 4. The nozzles oriented towards the flexible unit blow the surface with compressed air to peel off the adhered fine accumulated ash by the impact force of the air flow; the nozzles oriented towards the track 4 purge the surface of the track 4 and the contact area of the rollers to remove the fly ash deposition and reduce mechanical wear.

[0049] These self-cleaning devices use a composite method of "mechanical scraping + pneumatic purging" to clean the dust accumulated on the surface of the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 and the track 4 in real time, forming a maintenance mechanism for the equipment itself, avoiding the attenuation of dust cleaning efficiency caused by dust adhesion or blockage of the track 4, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the dust cleaning equipment in a high-dust and high-viscosity dust environment, effectively extending the maintenance cycle of the equipment and improving the overall dust cleaning efficiency. Embodiment 7

[0050] As Figure 8 shown, on the basis of the above common features or Embodiment 1, this embodiment further includes the following features: In this embodiment of the air preheater dust cleaner, each component cooperates to achieve efficient dust cleaning. A rotating shaft moving device 1 is installed above the air preheater. The rotating shaft moving device 1 uses a telescopic shaft 21 (which can use devices such as a motor plus a threaded screw or a double-acting cylinder); two mobile ends are provided on the telescopic shaft 21, and rotating shafts 3 are respectively installed on the two mobile ends. The rotating shaft 3 installs a support shaft 15 at the bottom of the air preheater through a connecting bracket 16, and the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 is sleeved on the rotating shafts 3 and the support shafts 15 on both sides. The telescopic shaft 21 adjusts the relative positions of the two rotating shafts 3 through the mobile ends (the two rotating shafts 3 move towards or away from each other simultaneously). During the dust cleaning process, the support shaft 15 moves synchronously with the rotating shaft 3 to expand the flexible dust cleaning unit 7 to both sides, keeping it in a stable shape approximately like a square. Further, a track is installed on the air preheater, and the track cooperates with the rotating shaft to provide a movement guide for the rotating shaft. Still further, a rotating driving device is provided on the rotating shaft, and the rotating driving device rotates the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft drives the flexible dust cleaning unit to rotate.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air preheater soot blower, characterized in that: Comprising: A flexible dust cleaning unit, a rotating shaft, and a rotating shaft moving device. The flexible dust cleaning unit is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to the rotating shaft moving device.

2. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible dust cleaning unit is a closed loop composed of a combination or single of chains, ropes, cables, and belts. The flexible dust cleaning unit is suspended on the rotating shaft and arranged between the gaps of the heat exchange tubes. The vertical height between the highest and lowest points of the flexible dust cleaning unit is greater than the vertical height between the highest and lowest points of the multi-row tube bundles of the heat exchange tubes of the air preheater.

3. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 1, wherein: The rotating shaft cooperates with the track arranged on the air preheater. The rotating shaft drives the flexible dust cleaning unit to rotate around the rotating shaft, and the flexible dust cleaning unit is located between the vertical gaps of adjacent heat exchange tubes of the air preheater.

4. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 3, wherein: A rotating drive device is connected to the rotating shaft. The rotating drive device is a high-temperature resistant motor, a pneumatic motor, or a hydraulic motor. The rotating drive device drives the rotating shaft through a transmission mechanism.

5. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 1, wherein: The rotating shaft moving device is used to adjust the relative position of the rotating shaft on the air preheater. The rotating shaft moving device drives the rotating shaft and the flexible dust cleaning unit to reciprocate axially along the heat exchange tubes.

6. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft moving device is connected to the rotating shaft through a push-pull rod passing through the wall of the boiler flue. The rotating shaft is arranged above the track. The track is parallel to the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes of the air preheater, and the track is arranged on the upper side of the air preheater.

7. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a connecting bracket and a support shaft. The connecting bracket is connected to the rotating shaft and fixes the support shaft below the heat exchange tubes of the air preheater. The support shaft moves synchronously with the upper rotating shaft through the connecting bracket.

8. The air preheating dust cleaner according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating shaft moving device is installed above the air preheater. The flexible dust cleaning unit is sleeved on the rotating shaft and the support shaft. The rotating shaft moving device drives the two rotating shafts to move in opposite directions simultaneously, and the rotating shaft and the support shaft drive the flexible dust cleaning unit to move.

9. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 1, wherein: The rotating shaft and the rotating shaft moving device are arranged on the lower side of the air preheater. The rotating shaft moving device is connected to the rotating shaft below the air preheater through a push-pull rod. The rotating shaft is arranged on the track laid along the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes. The rollers of the rotating shaft are conventional rollers or hanging wheels. The ends of the connecting brackets extending upward on both sides of the rotating shaft exceed the horizontal height of the heat exchange tubes, and their tops fix the support shaft to form a tension structure of the lower rotating shaft and the upper support shaft.

10. The soot blower for an air preheater according to claim 1, wherein: It further includes: A self-cleaning device, which is composed of at least one of a scraping plate, a track scraping plate, and a pneumatic purging system. The scraping plate is arranged on the circulating path of the flexible dust cleaning unit around the rotating shaft. The track scraping plate is installed on the rotating shaft and moves with the rotating shaft. The pneumatic purging system includes a plurality of soot blowing nozzles. The soot blowing nozzles access the gas source from the outside of the boiler flue wall. The soot blowing nozzles are fixed on the rotating shaft, and the soot blowing nozzles are respectively directed towards the flexible dust cleaning unit and the track.

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