Carnot battery device with adjustable working medium components and adaptive to low-temperature waste heat recovery

Abstract

The invention discloses a working medium component adjustable Carnot battery device adaptive to low-temperature waste heat recovery. The Carnot battery device comprises a heat pump unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit and an adjusting unit, the heat pump unit comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger which are connected in sequence, the first heat exchanger is used for recycling a working medium output by the industrial waste heat heating adjusting unit, and the preheated working medium exchanges heat with a heat transfer medium of the energy storage unit through the second heat exchanger; a closed loop for circulation of a heat transfer medium is arranged in the energy storage unit; a heat storage tank for storing the heat transfer medium heated by the second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger for exchanging heat and releasing energy with a working medium in the power generation unit are arranged in the closed loop; the power generation unit comprises an expansion machine connected with the adjusting unit and the third heat exchanger. Working media output by the adjusting unit enter the expansion machine for power generation after being heated by the third heat exchanger. A plurality of cavities for storing working media with different temperature gradients are arranged in the adjusting unit, and each cavity provides the working media with matched temperatures for the heat pump unit and the adjusting unit through the corresponding connector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of low-temperature waste heat recovery, and particularly relates to a Carnot battery device with adjustable working fluid components suitable for low-temperature waste heat recovery. Background Art

[0002] To effectively reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2, it is necessary to actively develop renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy. However, the output of these energy sources is affected by both time and location. For example, the intensity of solar energy varies with regions, seasons, and time. Energy storage technologies can convert this unstable renewable energy into a continuous and stable form of energy, such as converting energy into gravitational potential energy (such as pumped hydro storage), chemical energy (such as electrochemical energy storage), or thermal energy (such as the heat pump energy storage of a Carnot battery). Compared with other energy storage methods such as pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage, or electrochemical energy storage, the Carnot battery provides a solution with high energy storage density, low cost, high efficiency, and no geographical location restrictions. In addition, by combining low-grade waste heat, the energy storage efficiency of the Carnot battery can be further improved.

[0003] A Carnot battery is an energy storage and conversion system based on the Carnot cycle principle. It consists of a heat pump subsystem, an energy storage subsystem, and a heat pump subsystem. These subsystems work together to raise low-temperature waste heat to a higher temperature, store thermal energy, and release thermal energy to generate electrical energy when needed. However, the operating performance of the Carnot battery is affected by various factors, including the working fluid components, boundary conditions, and dynamic changes in the actual operating scenario.

[0004] When the power demand of the Carnot battery changes, the system may need to adjust its output to adapt to the new load requirements, which will affect the operating efficiency and stability of the system.

[0005] The invention patent (CN 117424256 A) introduces a microgrid peak shaving and cogeneration system using Carnot battery technology and its control strategy. The system consists of a heat pump cycle, an organic Rankine cycle, a multi-stage heat storage and supply unit. During low electricity price periods, the heat pump uses cheap electricity to raise the temperature of industrial waste heat and stores the heat. The storage system contains heat storage at different temperature levels, so that during peak periods or when peak shaving is required, heat is released through a heat exchanger to drive the organic Rankine cycle to generate electricity and provide heat energy. The heating unit uses the stored heat to preheat the industrial heat medium, domestic hot water, and the working fluid of the organic Rankine cycle. Although the system realizes the cascade utilization of waste heat, this patent does not explore the selection of working fluid components in different temperature intervals.

[0006] The invention patent (CN 117346581 A) discloses a waste heat recovery and utilization system using the technology of a Carnot battery. The system consists of two parts: the user side and the Carnot battery device. The user side is responsible for generating waste heat at two different temperature levels, namely, the low-temperature waste heat after preliminary recovery and the higher-temperature high-temperature waste heat. Inside the Carnot battery device, there are two mechanisms: an energy storage mechanism and an energy release mechanism. The energy storage mechanism includes a circulating heat exchange part, which is designed to exchange heat with the low-temperature waste heat; a high-temperature heat storage part, which not only exchanges heat with the circulating heat exchange part but also exchanges heat with the high-temperature waste heat and stores this part of the heat energy; and a low-temperature heat storage part, which exchanges heat with the circulating heat exchange part and stores heat energy. The energy release mechanism: can convert the heat energy stored in the energy storage mechanism into electrical energy and transmit it to the user side.

[0007] The invention patent (CN 117346387 A) reveals a novel Carnot battery system, which couples low-grade waste heat and has an adjustable working fluid composition. The system consists of four main parts: a heat pump subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a heat engine subsystem, and a composition control subsystem. During the energy storage stage, the low-grade waste heat is first introduced into the heat pump subsystem to heat the working fluid in the first evaporator, causing it to evaporate into a gas. Then, the gaseous working fluid is pressurized and heated up in the compressor. Next, the high-temperature working fluid releases heat in the first liquid separation condenser, transferring this part of the heat energy to the heat storage medium. The high-temperature heat storage medium is then sent to the first heat storage tank to store the high-grade heat energy. During the energy release stage, the working fluid pump pushes the heat storage medium in the first heat storage tank into the second evaporator, transferring the stored high-grade heat energy to the working fluid in the heat engine subsystem. After that, the working fluid expands in the expander, generating work and outputting electrical energy. When the operating boundary conditions of the system change, the composition control subsystem can adjust the working fluid composition of the heat engine subsystem and the heat pump subsystem to ensure that the subsystems operate at optimal performance. However, this invention only gives the control strategy for the operation of the working fluid composition, and does not give a specific solution for the design of the device and the specific operation mode of the composition.

[0008] The invention patent (CN 116207784 A) introduces a system that combines coal-fired power generation with Carnot battery energy storage and its operation method. This technology combines coal-fired power generation and thermal energy storage technologies. The system consists of three main parts: a coal-fired power generation coupled storage tank system, a Carnot battery energy storage system, and a Carnot battery energy release system. During periods of low power demand, the coal-fired power generation unit maintains its current load level, and the excess electrical energy is transferred to the Carnot battery energy storage system through an electric motor. During this process, the electrical energy is converted into thermal energy and stored in the heat storage medium in different storage tanks. When the power demand reaches a peak, the heat load of the boiler remains unchanged, while the feed water, newly added feed water, and condensate are heated using the thermal energy in the storage tanks through a bypass system. This can increase the power output of the unit. At the same time, the Carnot battery energy release system also uses the thermal energy in the storage tanks to generate additional electrical energy to meet the peak power demand. This invention patent successfully applies the Carnot battery to coal-fired power plants. For the output end, different media are used. The Brayton cycle is adopted for high temperatures, and the ORC is adopted for low temperatures. However, the working fluid components of the ORC are not explored.

[0009] In summary, as an important means of recovering low-grade waste heat, existing Carnot battery patents mainly focus on system optimization. However, the structure and operation mode of specific devices inside the system have not been studied. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a working fluid component adjustable Carnot battery device adapted to low-temperature waste heat recovery. The design goal of this device is to improve the energy storage efficiency of the Carnot battery under different working conditions and achieve high-efficiency energy storage under all working conditions to solve the problem of low energy storage efficiency of the existing Carnot battery system under variable working conditions. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0011] A working fluid component adjustable Carnot battery device adapted to low-temperature waste heat recovery, comprising a heat pump unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, and a regulation unit;

[0012] The heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger connected in sequence. The first heat exchanger is used to recover industrial waste heat to heat the working fluid output by the regulation unit, and the preheated working fluid exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium of the energy storage unit through the second heat exchanger;

[0013] A closed loop for the circulation of the heat transfer medium is provided inside the energy storage unit; a heat storage tank for storing the heat transfer medium heated by the second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger for exchanging heat and releasing energy with the working fluid inside the power generation unit are provided in the closed loop;

[0014] The power generation unit includes an expander connected to the regulation unit and the third heat exchanger. The working fluid output by the regulation unit enters the expander to generate electricity after being heated by the third heat exchanger;

[0015] The adjustment unit is provided with a plurality of chambers for storing working fluids at different temperature gradients, and each chamber provides the working fluid matching the heat source temperature to the heat pump unit and the adjustment unit through corresponding interfaces.

[0016] The design of the adjustment unit of the present invention fully considers the requirements of working fluid storage, mixing, recovery and control. Through innovative design and layout, a plurality of chambers for storing working fluids at different temperature gradients are adopted, realizing the efficient utilization of thermal energy and the stable operation of the system.

[0017] The following also provides several optional ways, which are not additional limitations to the above overall solution, but only further supplements or optimizations. On the premise of no technical or logical contradictions, each optional way can be combined with the above overall solution alone, or multiple optional ways can be combined with each other.

[0018] Optionally, the heat pump unit includes a first preheater arranged between the first heat exchanger and the adjustment unit. The recovered industrial waste heat flows through the first heat exchanger and the first preheater in sequence to perform two heat exchanges on the working fluid output by the adjustment unit.

[0019] Optionally, the heat pump unit further includes a compressor and a condenser. The working fluid after two heat exchanges enters the second heat exchanger through the compressor to transfer heat to the energy storage unit, and the working fluid after heat exchange enters the adjustment unit after being cooled by the condenser.

[0020] Optionally, the energy storage unit includes a cold tank connected to the second heat exchanger. The heat transfer medium in the cold tank enters the heat storage tank after being heated by the second heat exchanger; a third heat exchanger is arranged between the heat storage tank and the cold tank.

[0021] Optionally, a valve is installed at the outlet of the cold tank. The low-temperature medium flows out of the cold tank and is divided into two paths through the valve. One path flows to the solar energy utilization unit through a working fluid pump and returns to the heat storage tank after heating, and the other path enters the second heat exchanger.

[0022] Optionally, the power generation unit further includes a working fluid preheater. The working fluid output by the adjustment unit enters the third heat exchanger after being preheated by the working fluid preheater; the medium after doing work through the expander preheats the working fluid output by the adjustment unit through the working fluid preheater.

[0023] Optionally, the power generation unit further includes a heating system connected to the outlet of the expander for meeting the heating requirements of users.

[0024] Optionally, the adjustment unit includes a housing, and a plurality of chambers for storing working fluids at different temperature gradients and communicating with each other are arranged in the housing, and a working fluid flow channel connected to each chamber; outlets and inlets leading to the power generation unit and the heat pump unit are arranged on the working fluid flow channel.

[0025] Optionally, the chamber is divided into multiple layers. The upper layer is the working fluid chamber connected to the power generation unit, the lower layer is the working fluid chamber of the heat pump unit, and the middle layer is the mixed working fluid chamber.

[0026] The spherical design of the working fluid storage tank improves the confidentiality and heat preservation of the storage tank, enhances the stability of the storage tank, and effectively prevents the leakage of the working fluid and temperature fluctuations. The design of the multi-layer chamber in the storage tank includes a power generation unit part, a mixed working fluid part, and a heat pump unit part. This layered design improves the flexibility and efficiency of the system, can match and mix the working fluid according to different heat source temperatures, and can accurately control the mixing ratio of different working fluids to achieve accurate matching of the heat source temperature.

[0027] Optionally, multiple spherical and connected working fluid storage tanks are arranged in each working fluid chamber. A concave bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the working fluid storage tank, and a working fluid flow channel communicating with the working fluid storage tank is formed inside the concave bottom plate.

[0028] The design of working fluid recovery and separation in the working fluid storage tank vaporizes the low-temperature working fluid in the mixed working fluid and liquefies the high-temperature working fluid, realizing the separation of the mixed working fluid and returning it to the corresponding chamber. This design improves the efficiency of working fluid recovery and the operating stability of the system. The specially designed partition plate and concave bottom plate enhance the stability of the sphere and the sealing of the storage tank, ensuring the safe storage of the working fluid and the normal operation of the system. At the same time, the pipeline adopts a pentagonal design, enhancing the functionality of the pipeline, ensuring the full flow of the organic working fluid during heat exchange and mixing, and improving the operating efficiency of the system.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the adjustment unit of the present invention adopts a multi-layer chamber design, fully considering the requirements of working fluid storage, mixing, recovery and control, realizing the efficient utilization of thermal energy and the stable operation of the system; through the collaborative work of the heat pump unit and the power generation unit, the matching and utilization of different heat source temperatures are realized, improving the comprehensive performance of the system and the energy utilization efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is the system flow chart of the working fluid component adjustable Carnot battery device of the present invention;

[0031] In the figure: 1-1 working medium regulating unit, 1-2 working medium pump, 1-3 low-grade heat source inlet, 1-4 first heat exchanger, 1-5 low-grade heat source outlet, 1-6 compressor, 1-7 second heat exchanger, 1-8 hot tank, 1-9 hot circulation pump, 1-10 third heat exchanger, 1-11 cold circulation pump, 1-12 cold tank, 1-13 energy storage medium circulation pump, 1-14 heat absorber, 1-15 solar heat source inlet, 1-16 heat source outlet, 1-17 output end organic working medium circulation pump, 1-18 user heating demand, 1-19 power generation unit, 1-20 expander, 1-21 second preheater, 1-22 condenser of power generation unit, 1-23 first preheater;

[0032] Figure 2 It is the structural diagram of the regulating unit in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is the internal structural diagram of the regulating unit;

[0034] In the figure: 2-1 working medium inlet of power generation unit, 2-2 working medium outlet of power generation unit, 2-3 working medium inlet of heat pump unit, 2-4 working medium outlet of heat pump unit, 2-5 working medium storage tank, 2-6 working medium flow channel, 2-7 higher temperature working medium inlet and outlet of heat pump unit, 2-8 lower temperature working medium inlet and outlet of heat pump unit, 2-9 low temperature working medium inlet and outlet of power generation unit, 2-10 high temperature working medium inlet and outlet of power generation unit, 2-11 mixing chamber;

[0035] Figure 4 It is the developed view of the internal chamber of the regulating unit;

[0036] In the figure: 3-1 high temperature working medium chamber of power generation unit, 3-2 medium temperature working medium chamber of power generation unit, 3-3 working medium separation chamber, 3-4 heat pump unit 90 - 150 degree adapted working medium chamber, 3-5 working medium standby chamber above 200 degrees, 3-6 high temperature working medium standby chamber of power generation unit, 3-7 low temperature working medium chamber of power generation unit, 3-8 heat source channel chamber, 3-9 heat pump unit 60 - 90 degree adapted working medium chamber, 3-10 150 - 200 degree adapted working medium chamber, 3-11 heat pump unit working medium mixing chamber, 3-12 power generation unit working medium mixing chamber, 3-13 high temperature working medium flow channel of power generation unit, 3-14 medium and low temperature working medium flow channel of power generation unit, 3-15 medium and low temperature working medium flow channel of heat pump unit, 3-16 high temperature working medium flow channel of heat pump unit;

[0037] Figure 5 It is the connection diagram of the chambers between each layer and the balls;

[0038] In the figure: 4-1 internal structure of the working medium flow channel, 4-2 working medium inlet of the sphere, 4-3 connecting pipeline of the working medium storage tank, 4-4 connecting surface of the partition board and the storage tank device, 4-5 working medium inlet of the chamber. Detailed implementation mode

[0039] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus, the present invention is not limited by the limitations of the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals denote like or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0042] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first", "second", "one", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0043] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] This embodiment provides a working fluid composition adjustable Carnot battery device, which includes: a heat pump part, an energy storage device part, a power generation part, and a regulation unit. The heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger 1-4 and a second heat exchanger 1-7 connected in sequence. The first heat exchanger 1-4 is used to recover industrial waste heat to heat the working fluid output by the regulation unit, and the preheated working fluid exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium of the energy storage unit through the second heat exchanger 1-7; a closed loop for the heat transfer medium to flow is arranged in the energy storage unit; a heat storage tank 1-8 for storing the heat transfer medium heated by the second heat exchanger 1-7 and a third heat exchanger 1-10 for exchanging heat and releasing energy with the working fluid in the power generation unit are arranged in the closed loop; the power generation unit includes an expander 1-20 connected to the regulation unit and the third heat exchanger 1-10, and the working fluid output by the regulation unit enters the expander 1-20 to generate electricity after being heated by the third heat exchanger 1-10; multiple chambers for storing working fluids with different temperature gradients are arranged in the regulation unit, and each chamber provides a working fluid matching the heat source temperature to the heat pump unit and the regulation unit through corresponding interfaces.

[0045] Specifically, in combination with the attached Figures 1-5 , the structures of the heat pump part, the energy storage device part, the power generation part, and the regulation unit of the working fluid composition adjustable Carnot battery device in this embodiment will be specifically described.

[0046] Heat pump unit: The heat pump part is mainly used to upgrade low-grade energy and mainly includes a working fluid pump 1-2, a first heat exchanger 1-4, a compressor 1-6, a second heat exchanger 1-7, and a first preheater 1-23. The selection and regulation of the working fluid in the heat pump system are mainly responsible by the control unit 1-1. In this system, the pipeline 1-3 is the inlet of the industrial waste heat source. First, the organic working fluid is pushed by the working fluid pump 1-2 and flows to the first preheater 1-23 of the system. In the first preheater 1-23, the organic working fluid exchanges heat with the industrial waste heat source for the preliminary heat of the working fluid. Subsequently, the preheated organic working fluid flows into the first heat exchanger 1-4, where the second heat exchange occurs. Through these two heat exchange processes, the system effectively recovers and utilizes the low-grade energy discharged in the industrial production process. After the heat exchange processes of the first preheater 1-23 and the first heat exchanger 1-4 are completed, the temperature of the organic working fluid is increased, and then it flows into the compressor 1-6. Different types of heat pumps can be selected according to the heating and power generation requirements of the system. For example, when the power generation unit uses CO2 as the working fluid, the system tends to select a high-temperature heat pump to achieve higher thermal efficiency; while when the power generation unit adopts an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), the system is more suitable to select a low-temperature heat pump. The compressed high-temperature working fluid then flows into the second heat exchanger 1-7, where it exchanges heat with the energy storage unit and transfers heat to the energy storage system. After that, the working fluid flows into the condenser 1-24, where through the cooling effect, the working fluid changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state. Finally, the cooled working fluid enters the working fluid regulation unit 1-1 for necessary regulation and treatment to maintain the normal operation of the system.

[0047] Energy storage unit: Water is used as the heat transfer medium in the energy storage device part, including heat storage tank 1-8, heat working fluid circulation pump 1-9, cold working fluid circulation pump 1-11, and the second heat exchanger 1-7, the third heat exchanger 1-10. Among them, the second heat exchanger 1-7 is for heat exchange between water and the heat pump, and the second heat exchanger 1-10 is for heat exchange between the organic working fluid of the power generation unit and high-temperature hot water. In order to make better use of renewable energy, when the heat storage unit is working, the low-temperature hot water flows out of the cold tank 1-12 and is divided into two paths through the valve 1-26. One path flows to the solar energy utilization unit 1-25 after passing through the working fluid pump 1-13, and the flow rate of the valve 1-26 entering the solar energy unit can change with the change of solar light intensity. The other path enters the working fluid heat exchanger 1-7, and after the temperature rise, it enters the heat storage tank 1-8 for storage. Due to the existence of the heat storage tank 1-8, the low-temperature hot water absorbs the energy of solar energy after passing through 1-25 and then enters the heat storage tank 1-8 for storage. Then, the high-temperature hot water is pumped by the working fluid pump 1-9 and enters the third heat exchanger 1-10.

[0048] Power generation unit: The core components of the power generation unit include the working fluid preheating unit 1-21, the third heat exchanger 1-10, the working fluid pump 1-17, and the expander 1-20. The following is the detailed working process and description of this power generation unit: First, the organic working fluid located in the working fluid regulation unit 1-1 is pumped to the second preheater 1-21, where the working fluid absorbs the waste heat of the exhaust steam from the expander. This process realizes the preliminary preheating of the working fluid, effectively utilizes the heat discharged by the expander, and improves the overall energy utilization efficiency. The preheated organic working fluid then flows into the third heat exchanger 1-10 and exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat fluid provided by the energy storage unit. In this step, the organic working fluid further absorbs heat, and its temperature and pressure increase significantly, and finally turn into superheated steam at high temperature and high pressure. The superheated steam at high temperature and high pressure then enters the expander 1-20, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam drives the expander to rotate and do work, thereby generating electric energy. This part of the electric energy can be transmitted to the power grid or directly supplied to users. While meeting the power demand, if the user has a heating demand, the system can be flexibly adjusted to draw a part of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam from the expander outlet and transport it to the heating system through the pipeline 1-18. In this way, the power generation unit can not only generate electricity but also realize combined heat and power generation, further improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy. Although the energy of the exhaust steam after the expander has been greatly reduced, it still has a certain amount of heat energy. These exhaust steams are guided to the second preheater 1-21 and are used again to preheat the organic working fluid about to enter the system, realizing the reuse of heat. The exhaust steam passing through the second preheater 1-21 further reduces its temperature and pressure and becomes steam at low temperature and low pressure. This part of the steam then flows into the condenser, is cooled and condensed into a liquid state, and finally returns to the working fluid regulation unit 1-1 to complete a complete cycle. Through such a design, the power generation unit not only realizes efficient heat energy conversion and electric energy generation but also provides a flexible and efficient energy solution for users through combined heat and power generation.

[0049] Regulation unit: The overall layout is as Figure 2 shown. The key components of this unit include the working fluid inlet 2-1 of the power generation unit, the working fluid outlet 2-2 of the power generation unit, the working fluid inlet 2-3 of the heat pump unit, and the heat pump working fluid outlet 2-4. The internal design of the regulation unit has multiple storage tanks for working fluids with different temperature gradients. For example, the working fluid storage tank 2-5 adopts a spherical design, which is suitable for storing high-temperature and low-temperature working fluids. This spherical device not only has good confidentiality and heat preservation but also can effectively prevent the leakage of working fluids and temperature fluctuations.

[0050] Pipeline 2-6 is responsible for connecting the heat pump unit and the power generation unit, ensuring the sufficient flow of the organic working fluid during the heat exchange and mixing processes. Its unique pentagonal design enhances the functionality of the pipeline. Multiple inlets and outlets are also provided on the pipeline, including the higher-temperature working fluid inlet / outlet 2-7 of the heat pump unit, the lower-temperature working fluid inlet / outlet 2-8 of the heat pump unit, the lower-temperature working fluid inlet / outlet 2-9 of the power generation unit, and the higher-temperature working fluid inlet / outlet 2-10 of the power generation unit, to achieve the flexible deployment and recovery of the working fluid.

[0051] The developed view of the internal chamber of the adjustment unit is as shown in Figure 3 The figure. The chamber has a total of five layers and is composed of three parts, namely the power generation unit part, the mixed working fluid part, and the heat pump unit part. The power generation unit part includes the high-temperature working fluid chamber 3-1 of the power generation unit, the medium-temperature working fluid chamber 3-2 of the power generation unit, the low-temperature working fluid chamber 3-7 of the power generation unit, and the high-temperature working fluid standby chamber 3-6 of the power generation unit. The above is the process of supplying the working fluid and the mixed working fluid. For the mixed working fluid, the device also specifically sets up a working fluid recovery process. When the working fluid in the power generation unit and the heat pump unit devices finishes working, it enters the working fluid separation chamber 3-3. The heat pump unit part includes the low-temperature heat source matching working fluid chamber 3-9 at 60-90 degrees, the low-temperature heat source matching working fluid chamber 3-4 at 90-150 degrees, the low-temperature heat source matching working fluid chamber 3-10 at 150-200 degrees, and the working fluid standby chamber 3-5 above 200 degrees.

[0052] Figure 4 The connection layout between each layer of the chamber and the sphere is shown in detail. The key components include the internal structure 4-1 of the working fluid flow channel, the sphere working fluid inlet 4-2, the connecting pipeline 4-3 between the No. 4-3 working fluid storage tank, the connection surface 4-4 between the partition and the storage tank device, and the chamber working fluid inlet 4-5. By finely adjusting the opening degree of the chamber working fluid inlet 4-5, the mixing ratio between different working fluids can be precisely controlled, thereby optimizing the thermal energy conversion efficiency of the system.

[0053] The working process of the organic working fluid matching different heat source temperatures is as follows:

[0054] When the temperature of the heat source inlet of the heat pump unit is relatively low, the working fluid chamber 3-9 adapted to 60-90 degrees flows into the working fluid mixing chamber 3-11 of the heat pump unit through the low-temperature working fluid flow channel 3-15, and then enters the heat pump unit. As the temperature of the low-temperature heat source inlet increases, when the heat source temperature exceeds that of a single low-temperature working fluid heat source, the working fluid chamber 3-4 adapted to 90-150 degrees can be opened, and the mixing ratio of the working fluid can be controlled according to the temperature range change to match the heat source temperature in the medium-temperature range. When the heat source temperature continues to rise, the low-temperature working fluid chamber is closed, and it is mainly the working fluid chamber 3-4 adapted to 90-150 degrees. When the heat source temperature reaches a condition that cannot be satisfied by the working fluid chamber 3-4, the working fluid chamber 3-10 adapted to 150-200 degrees is opened, and the higher-temperature working fluid is mixed with the medium-temperature working fluid to match the heat source temperature. Through the mixing of different temperature chambers, the matching of different heating heat source ranges is achieved.

[0055] For the power generation unit, the selection of the working fluid depends on the heat source temperature of the energy storage unit, where the temperature of the heat storage tank 1-8 is jointly determined by the solar energy utilization unit 1-25 and the second heat exchanger 1-7. When the power generation demand 1-19 or the heating demand 1-18 is relatively high, different types can be selected for the No. 6 high-temperature working fluid standby chamber to meet the user's needs.

[0056] When the temperature of the heat source inlet of the power generation unit is relatively low, the low-temperature working fluid 3-7 flows into the mixing chamber 3-12 through the medium-low temperature working fluid flow channel 3-14, and then enters the power generation unit. As the temperature of the low-temperature heat source inlet increases, when the heat source temperature exceeds that of a single low-temperature heating heat source, the medium-temperature working fluid chamber 3-2 can be opened, and the mixing ratio of the medium-low temperature working fluid can be controlled according to the temperature range change to match the heat source temperature in the medium-low temperature range. When the heat source temperature continues to rise, the low-temperature working fluid chamber is closed, and the working fluid is mainly supplied by the medium-temperature working fluid chamber 3-2. When the heat source temperature reaches a condition that cannot be satisfied by the medium-temperature working fluid chamber, the high-temperature working fluid chamber 3-1 is opened, and the high-temperature working fluid is mixed with the medium-temperature working fluid to match the heat source temperature.

[0057] In addition, the device is also specifically provided with a working fluid recovery process. When the working fluid in the power generation unit and the heat pump unit completes work, it enters the working fluid separation chamber 3-3. Utilizing the difference in the melting and boiling points of the working fluid in different temperature ranges, by introducing heat sources with different temperatures into the heat source channel chamber 3-8, the low-temperature working fluid in the mixed working fluid is vaporized, while the high-temperature working fluid is liquefied, realizing the separation of the mixed working fluid and returning it to the corresponding chamber. The multiple groups of small holes opened on the circumferential surface of the small balls in the heat source channel chamber 3-8 enhance the heat exchange effect and improve the efficiency of working fluid separation.

[0058] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A working fluid composition adjustable Carnot battery device adapted for low-temperature waste heat recovery, characterized in that It includes a heat pump unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, and a regulation unit; The heat pump unit includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger connected in sequence. The first heat exchanger is used to recover industrial waste heat to heat the working medium output by the regulation unit, and the preheated working medium exchanges heat with the heat transfer medium of the energy storage unit through the second heat exchanger; A closed loop for the circulation of the heat transfer medium is arranged in the energy storage unit; a heat storage tank for storing the heat transfer medium heated by the second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger for exchanging heat and releasing energy with the working medium in the power generation unit are arranged in the closed loop; The power generation unit includes an expander connected to the regulation unit and the third heat exchanger. The working medium output by the regulation unit enters the expander to generate electricity after being heated by the third heat exchanger; Multiple chambers for storing working media with different temperature gradients are arranged in the regulation unit, and each chamber provides a working medium matching the heat source temperature to the heat pump unit and the regulation unit through corresponding interfaces.

2. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 1, wherein, The heat pump unit includes a first preheater arranged between the first heat exchanger and the regulation unit. The recovered industrial waste heat flows through the first heat exchanger and the first preheater in sequence to exchange heat with the working medium output by the regulation unit twice.

3. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 2, wherein The heat pump unit further includes a compressor and a condenser. The working medium after two heat exchanges enters the second heat exchanger through the compressor to transfer heat to the energy storage unit, and the working medium after heat exchange is cooled by the condenser and then enters the regulation unit.

4. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that The energy storage unit includes a cold tank connected to the second heat exchanger. The heat transfer medium in the cold tank enters the heat storage tank after being heated by the second heat exchanger; the third heat exchanger is arranged between the heat storage tank and the cold tank.

5. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 4, characterized in that A valve is installed at the outlet of the cold tank. The low-temperature medium flows out of the cold tank and is divided into two paths through the valve. One path flows through a working medium pump and then to a solar energy utilization unit, and after being heated, it returns to the heat storage tank. The other path enters the second heat exchanger.

6. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 1, wherein The power generation unit further includes a working medium preheater. The working medium output by the regulation unit enters the third heat exchanger after being preheated by the working medium preheater; the medium after doing work by the expander preheats the working medium output by the regulation unit through the working medium preheater.

7. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 6, wherein The power generation unit further includes a heating system connected to the outlet of the expander to meet the heating needs of users.

8. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that The regulation unit includes a housing. Multiple chambers for storing working media with different temperature gradients and communicating with each other are arranged inside the housing, and a working medium flow channel connected to each chamber; outlets and inlets leading to the power generation unit and the heat pump unit are arranged on the working medium flow channel.

9. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The chambers are divided into multiple layers. The upper layer is a working medium chamber connected to the power generation unit, the lower layer is a working medium chamber of the heat pump unit, and the middle layer is a mixed working medium chamber.

10. The adjustable working fluid component Carnot battery device according to claim 9, characterized in that, Multiple spherical and communicating working medium storage tanks are arranged in each layer of the working medium chamber. A concave bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the working medium storage tank, and a working medium flow channel communicating with the working medium storage tank is formed inside the concave bottom plate.

Images