Online heating temperature control system for magnesium alloy extrusion process

Abstract

The invention discloses an online heating temperature control system for a magnesium alloy extrusion process, which relates to the technical field of magnesium alloy hot extrusion and comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a calculation analysis module and a control management module. According to the method, the optimal temperature of the magnesium alloy in the extrusion process can be calculated, the temperature can be dynamically adjusted in the production process according to factors such as actual environment temperature, heat source power and alloy heat conduction, accurate temperature control ensures that the alloy is extruded at the optimal temperature, and then the microstructure and mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy are optimized; the system dynamically calculates the time required for the magnesium alloy to reach the required temperature, empirical estimation of the heating temperature and time in a traditional system is avoided, the heating time is neither too short nor too long, the hot extrusion temperature requirement is accurately met, the system predicts the mechanical property of the magnesium alloy, heating parameters are adjusted in time according to the prediction result, and the magnesium alloy hot extrusion quality is improved. Therefore, the optimization of the microstructure and the mechanical property is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hot extrusion of magnesium alloys, and specifically to an on-line heating temperature control system for magnesium alloy extrusion processes. Background Art

[0002] Magnesium alloys are the lightest engineering metal materials, with characteristics such as low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, good heat dissipation, strong shock absorption performance, and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, and have broad application prospects in fields such as aerospace, new energy vehicles, and electronic products. The mechanical properties of magnesium alloys are closely related to their microstructure. The grain size of magnesium alloys can be refined through hot extrusion processes, significantly enhancing the later service performance of the materials. The temperature control and heating time control management during the extrusion process have an important impact on the extrusion process.

[0003] The problem with existing extrusion die temperature control systems is that their control of extrusion temperature is mostly based on preset values, without real-time adjustment according to actual production conditions, such as fluctuations in ambient temperature and heat sources. This may result in uneven temperature distribution and excessive temperature drop of the alloy during extrusion, unable to reach the optimal process temperature, thus affecting the microstructure uniformity and mechanical properties of the material; In addition, in the management of heating time, existing management systems may rely on experience or static formulas for estimation, lacking dynamic management of the actual state of magnesium alloys. This may lead to the inability to optimize the heating time, with the heating time being too long or too short, further affecting the mechanical properties of the material. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an on-line heating temperature control system for magnesium alloy extrusion processes, solving the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An on-line heating temperature control system for magnesium alloy extrusion processes, comprising: Data acquisition module: Collect temperature data, heating equipment data, and magnesium alloy heat conduction data during the magnesium alloy extrusion process through the data acquisition module; Data processing module: Input the temperature data, heating equipment data, and magnesium alloy heat conduction data into the data processing module. The data processing module cleans and standardizes the input data, and then outputs the ambient temperature TTEA, the extrusion die temperature, the input current parameter TTEB of the heating equipment, the heat conduction coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy, and the specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy; Calculation and analysis module: The environmental temperature TTEA, the input power TTEB of the heating device, the thermal conductivity HLEA of the magnesium alloy, and the specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy are input into the calculation and analysis module, and the optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, the heating time of the magnesium alloy, and the evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy are output. Control and management module: The optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, the heating time of the magnesium alloy, and the evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy are input into the control and management module. The control and management module adjusts the temperature control system based on the input values to ensure that the alloy is heated to the optimal temperature and the heating time is adjusted.

[0006] Optionally, the calculation and analysis module includes: a temperature control sub-module, a time control sub-module, and a quality evaluation and management sub-module.

[0007] Optionally, the calculation formula of the temperature control sub-module is as follows: ; Where: TTE refers to the optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, TTEA refers to the environmental temperature, TTEB refers to the input power of the heating device, TTEC refers to the thermal conductivity of the magnesium alloy, TTED refers to the total heat required during the heating process, PP refers to the weighting factor used to adjust the heat input term in the formula, TTEF refers to the thermal resistance coefficient of the magnesium alloy, and K1 refers to the adjustment coefficient used to control the influence degree of the exponential term on heating; Refers to the relationship between the energy input efficiency during the heating process and the conduction ability of the material itself; Refers to the relationship between the heat transfer effect and the thermal resistance and environmental temperature; The processing process of the temperature control sub-module is as follows: The environmental temperature TTEA and the input power TTEB of the heating device are input into the temperature control sub-module, and the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy is output based on the thermal conductivity TTEC of the magnesium alloy.

[0008] Optionally, the calculation formula of the time control sub-module is as follows: ; Where: HLE refers to the heating time of the magnesium alloy, HLEA refers to the thermal conductivity of the magnesium alloy, HLEC refers to the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy, HLED refers to the temperature change of the magnesium alloy during the heating process, HLEB refers to the volume of the magnesium alloy material sample, and HLEE refers to the starting temperature; Refers to the relationship between multiple factors during the heating process; Refers to the non-linear change of the heating time with the temperature difference; The processing procedure of the time control sub-module is as follows: Input the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, the thermal conductivity coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy, and the specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy into the time control sub-module, and the time control sub-module outputs the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy.

[0009] Optionally, the calculation formula of the quality assessment management sub-module is as follows: ; Where: FNQ refers to the evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy, FNQA refers to the mechanical property constant for heating the magnesium alloy, FNQB refers to the grain size of the magnesium alloy; SA refers to the empirical coefficient, SB refers to the grain size related constant; refers to the relationship among the heating time, the optimal temperature, the mechanical constant, and the grain size; refers to the influence of temperature change on the material volume; The processing procedure of the quality assessment management sub-module is as follows: Input the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy, the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, and the ambient temperature TTEA into the quality assessment management sub-module, and the quality assessment management sub-module outputs the evaluation value FNQ of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy.

[0010] Optionally, the calculation process of the total heat TTED required during the heating process in the temperature control sub-module is as follows: TTED = m × HLEC × HLED; Where: m refers to the mass of the magnesium alloy, HLEC refers to the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy, HLED refers to the temperature change of the magnesium alloy during the heating process, and HLED refers to the temperature change from the starting temperature HLEE to the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy.

[0011] Optionally, in the data acquisition module, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the magnesium alloy and the ambient temperature in real time, an input power sensor is used to obtain the input power of the heating device through current, voltage, and power sensors, a thermal conductivity tester is used to obtain the thermal conductivity coefficient of the magnesium alloy, and a differential scanning calorimeter is used to obtain the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy.

[0012] Optionally, the data processing module is used to clean the input data to remove useless data, and perform sorting and normalization processing on the data, so as to meet the data input requirements of multiple sub-modules of this system.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention outputs the optimal extrusion temperature of magnesium alloy through the temperature control sub-module. This sub-module precisely controls the temperature of magnesium alloy during the extrusion process. By reasonably adjusting the input current parameters and controlling the thermal conductivity of the material, more efficient heating can be achieved, avoiding overheating or insufficient heating. This sub-module helps to dynamically adjust the temperature, enabling the system to perform real-time feedback regulation according to temperature changes during actual operation to ensure the stability of the heating process. The control optimization of the temperature of this sub-module not only considers the ambient temperature and input current parameters, but also takes into account the heat conduction ability of the material through thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, effectively avoiding overheating or uneven heat distribution, and helping to optimize the temperature control system.

[0014] 2. The present invention outputs the heating time of magnesium alloy through the time control sub-module. By calculating the required heating time, the control system accurately regulates the heating duration during actual production, avoiding too long or too short heating time to ensure the stability and quality of the material properties. Reasonably controlling the heating time can help optimize the microstructure of the alloy, avoid excessive or insufficient hot pressing treatment to achieve the required mechanical properties. This sub-module can guide the operation of the heating equipment, optimize the heating process, save energy, and at the same time ensure that the material achieves the required heating effect. This sub-module can help achieve precise control of the heating time, avoid the influence of overheating and insufficient heating on the properties of magnesium alloy, accurately calculate the heating time to improve production efficiency and reduce energy waste, and at the same time ensure the consistency and reliability of the material properties.

[0015] 3. The present invention outputs the evaluation value of the final material strength of magnesium alloy through the quality assessment and management sub-module. By adjusting the heating time, temperature and cooling rate of the mold, the hot extrusion result of magnesium alloy can be predicted in advance to ensure the optimization of properties such as the strength and hardness of the alloy. This system can evaluate the quality of magnesium alloy, and thus help to optimize the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy, improve the quality of the final product, and ensure that different performance requirements are met in actual applications. Especially, accurately predicting the mechanical properties during the extrusion process helps to avoid over-processing and under-processing of materials, ensure material uniformity and stability, and protect the extrusion die from damage. This prediction and evaluation form helps to achieve excellent management and forward-looking thinking effects.

[0016] IV. The present invention affects the weight factor of the temperature control sub-module by further calculating the heating time of the magnesium alloy. By introducing the weight factor, the heat transfer efficiency during the heating process can be flexibly adjusted. Timely adjusting the weight factor can ensure accurate temperature control, making the heating process more efficient and precise. The iterative process can continuously optimize the weight factor to obtain a more accurate temperature optimization in each iteration, which plays an important role in optimizing the heating time, avoiding the problems of overheating and underheating of the material. The weight factor PP plays a key role in temperature optimization. It indirectly affects the heat distribution, making the temperature change more uniform and thus improving the heating effect. By adjusting the weight factor, the temperature change can be precisely controlled, thereby optimizing the heating process. The weight factor controls the relationship between temperature and heat during the heating process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the method steps for the on-line heating temperature control system used in the magnesium alloy extrusion process; Figure 2 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the on-line heating temperature control system used in the magnesium alloy extrusion process; Figure 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the calculation and analysis module in the on-line heating temperature control system used in the magnesium alloy extrusion process; Figure 4 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the extrusion heating device for this magnesium alloy; Figure 5 is the partial structural schematic diagram of the extrusion heating device for this magnesium alloy; Figure 6 is the structural schematic of the concave film in the extrusion heating device for this magnesium alloy Figure 1 ; Figure 7 is the structural schematic of the concave film in the extrusion heating device for this magnesium alloy Figure 2 ; Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the relationship between the force applied and the indenter displacement during the extrusion heating process of this magnesium alloy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] An online heating temperature control system for magnesium alloy extrusion process is different from the existing die heating temperature control systems. Most of the existing die heating temperature control systems are preset values, and the temperature control cannot be adjusted in real time according to actual production conditions such as ambient temperature and heat source fluctuations. This results in uneven alloy temperature distribution during extrusion, unable to reach the optimal process temperature, and further affects the uniformity of the microstructure and mechanical properties. The heating time of the existing management system is usually estimated by experience or static formulas, which may lack the management of the actual state of magnesium alloy, and then the duration of the heating process cannot be optimized best, and the heating time may be too long or too short, further affecting the extrusion process. And the existing management system fails to dynamically manage the prediction of mechanical properties, so it is impossible to adjust the process in time during the heating process according to the actual situation, so the control effect is not good.

[0020] The module of this online heating temperature control system can calculate the optimal temperature of magnesium alloy during extrusion, and dynamically adjust the temperature according to factors such as actual ambient temperature, heat source power, and alloy heat conduction during the production process. Precise temperature control ensures that the alloy is extruded at the optimal temperature, thus ensuring the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy. And this system dynamically calculates the time required for magnesium alloy to reach the required temperature, avoiding the empirical estimation of heating time in the traditional system, making the heating time neither too short nor too long, accurately meeting the heating requirements. In addition, this system predicts the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy and adjusts the heating parameters in time according to the prediction results, so as to achieve the optimization of ensuring the mechanical properties. Such as Figures 4 - 8 It should also be noted that this online heating temperature control system is based on the heating process of magnesium alloy extrusion. The device of this heating process is composed of an upper punch 1, a cylinder 11, a protection device 2, a die 3, a base 4, an eddy current heating coil 6, a temperature sensor and other components, which is used for magnesium alloy extrusion heating. The temperature sensor is installed between the eddy current heating coil 6 and the protection device 2 and is connected to the heating control system. The center lines of the transition cavity 7 and the extrusion cavity 8 are aligned. The protection device contains the cylinder 11 and is externally wound with the eddy current heating coil 6. When used for magnesium alloy extrusion heating operation, it has the advantages of fast heating speed, high temperature control accuracy, good heat preservation effect, convenient maintenance, high work efficiency, etc. And the die is replaceable, and it can extrude plates, cylinders and pipes without moving high-temperature dies, with higher safety. In addition, a high-frequency power supply and a copper tube coil are adopted, and electromagnetic induction is used to assist extrusion. The temperature can be quickly raised to more than 600 degrees, with a fast heating rate and adjustable coil density, combining the characteristics of temperature controllability and energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 This embodiment provides an online heating temperature control system for magnesium alloy extrusion process, including: Data acquisition module: Collect temperature data, heating equipment data, and magnesium alloy heat conduction data during the magnesium alloy extrusion process through the data acquisition module; Data processing module: Input the temperature data, heating equipment data, and magnesium alloy heat conduction data into the data processing module. The data processing module cleans and standardizes the input data, and then outputs the ambient temperature TTEA, extrusion die temperature, input power TTEB of the heating equipment, heat conduction coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy, and specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy; Calculation and analysis module: Input the ambient temperature TTEA, extrusion die temperature, input power TTEB of the heating equipment, heat conduction coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy, and specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy into the calculation and analysis module, and output the optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, heating time of the magnesium alloy, and evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy; Control and management module: Input the optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, heating time of the magnesium alloy, and evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy into the control and management module. The control and management module adjusts the temperature control system based on the input values to ensure that the alloy is heated to the optimal temperature and adjusts the heating time during the heating process; The calculation and analysis module includes: a temperature control sub-module, a time control sub-module, and a quality evaluation and management sub-module.

[0022] In this embodiment: The temperature control sub-module is used to control and optimize the temperature during the extrusion process, ensuring that the magnesium alloy obtains the best microstructure during extrusion to improve the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, reduce the deformation loss of the material, and ensure that an appropriate temperature can be maintained throughout the processing, thereby improving the processing efficiency and quality of the material. The time control sub-module accurately calculates the heating time according to the volume, specific heat capacity, and temperature change of the alloy, ensuring that the magnesium alloy can reach the best quality and structure during heating. By precisely controlling the heating time, overheating or underheating is avoided, ensuring that the magnesium alloy is heated completely uniformly during extrusion, and improving the performance and uniformity of the magnesium alloy. The quality assessment and management sub-module predicts the tensile strength after heating to ensure the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, such as tensile strength, and enables it to have better durability and strength during use. The combination of multiple sub-modules provides a comprehensive heating control framework that covers the entire process from temperature optimization to time control and then to mechanical property prediction. Through precise temperature control, time adjustment, and microstructure optimization, it is ensured that the final product of the magnesium alloy has optimal physical and mechanical properties. The comprehensive application of multiple sub-modules can achieve all-round regulation of the heating process of the magnesium alloy, enabling the mechanical properties of the final material to reach the expected goal and significantly improving production efficiency. Compared with traditional methods, it can optimize the operation of each link according to real-time parameters, thereby avoiding excessive or insufficient processing and ensuring the stability and high quality of the final product. Most existing hot pressing auxiliary control systems for magnesium alloys use empirical methods or simple control strategies, such as fixed temperature, fixed time, or adjustments based on traditional experience, and it is difficult to achieve dynamic optimization and precise control. This system can achieve precise adjustment of the heating process of the magnesium alloy through a mathematical model and precise parameter control, avoiding the randomness and errors in traditional methods. Combining the changes in various parameters, the heating conditions can be adjusted in real time to optimize the operation of each stage, thereby ensuring the performance of the final material. Compared with the prior art, the combination of multiple sub-modules can consider factors such as temperature and time simultaneously, achieving comprehensive optimization and management of the hot extrusion process.

[0023] It should be noted that, such as Figures 4 - 8, for the online heating process of magnesium alloy extrusion, this system uses device components such as the upper punch 1, cylinder 11, protection device 2, concave die 3, base 4, eddy current heating coil 6, and temperature sensor to form the online heating device and system for magnesium alloy extrusion. Among them, the temperature sensor is connected to the heating control system by wires, and the temperature sensor is placed between the eddy current heating coil 6 and the protection device 2. Transition cavities 7 and extrusion cavities 8 are respectively opened on the upper and lower surfaces of the concave die 3. The center lines of the transition cavity 7 and the extrusion cavity 8 are on a straight line. The protection device 2 houses the cylinder 11 and is externally wound with the eddy current heating coil 6. Then, through the above components, it is used for the hot extrusion process of magnesium alloy, which has the advantages of fast heating, high temperature control accuracy, good heat preservation effect, easy maintenance, and high working efficiency. When using the above components for hot pressing operations, it has the characteristic that the concave die can be replaced, and thus can be extruded into plates and cylinders without the need to move the high-temperature die back and forth, so the safety is better. And electromagnetic induction assisted extrusion is adopted, using a high-frequency power supply and a copper tube coil, and the temperature can be quickly raised to more than 600 degrees, so the heating rate is fast, and the coil density is adjustable, with the characteristics of temperature controllability and energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the processing process of the temperature control sub-module is as follows: ; Among them: TTE refers to the optimal extrusion temperature of magnesium alloy; TTEA refers to the ambient temperature. The temperature of the external environment affects the heat loss and conduction during the heating process of magnesium alloy and is measured by the temperature sensor; TTEB refers to the input power of the heating equipment, which refers to the energy input provided by external equipment during the heating process and directly affects the heating rate of the alloy. It is usually measured through current, voltage, and power sensors; TTEC refers to the thermal conductivity of magnesium alloy, and data acquisition is carried out using a thermal conductivity tester; TTED refers to the total heat required during the heating process; TTED = m × HLEC × HLED; Among them: m refers to the mass of magnesium alloy, HLEC refers to the specific heat capacity of magnesium alloy, and HLED refers to the temperature change of magnesium alloy during the heating process; HLED refers to the temperature change from the starting temperature HLEE to the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of magnesium alloy; PP refers to the weight factor, which is used to adjust the heat input term in the formula to make the temperature distribution or heating efficiency during the heating process more flexible. The weight factor PP can be regarded as an adjustment factor, which plays a regulatory role in the temperature response of the material and affects the accuracy of the entire heating process; TTEF refers to the thermal resistance coefficient of magnesium alloy; TTEF = LA / (TTEC × LS); Where: LA represents the thickness of the material, and LS represents the cross-sectional area of the material; It represents the relationship between the energy input efficiency during the heating process and the conduction ability of the material itself. When the input power TTEB is relatively large, more energy is input into the alloy. However, if the thermal conductivity TTEC is relatively low, the heat transfer efficiency will decrease, meaning that the heat propagates slowly inside the material, which may lead to uneven heating or an extended required time; It represents the relationship between the heat transfer effect and the thermal resistance and the ambient temperature. As the total heat TTED required during the heating process increases, the value of the exponential term gradually becomes smaller, meaning that the heating efficiency will decrease. When the thermal resistance coefficient TTEF is relatively large, it means that the resistance to heat transfer increases, and more time is required to heat the material to the target temperature. This exponential form of temperature control indicates that the heating process is not linear but gradually becomes more difficult to heat as the thermal resistance and heat increase, thus requiring more regulation; Input the ambient temperature TTEA and the input power TTEB of the heating device into the temperature control sub-module, and output the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy based on the thermal conductivity TTEC of the magnesium alloy.

[0025] In this embodiment: This sub-module can precisely control the temperature of the magnesium alloy during the extrusion process. By reasonably adjusting the input power TTEB and controlling the thermal conductivity TTEC of the material, more efficient heating can be achieved, avoiding overheating or insufficient heating. Optimizing the temperature control enables the material to be extruded within a suitable temperature range, thereby avoiding a decline in the alloy properties caused by too high or too low temperatures. In addition, this sub-module helps to dynamically adjust the temperature, enabling the system to perform real-time feedback regulation according to temperature changes during actual operation to ensure the stability of the heating process. This sub-module combines factors such as the input power, thermal conductivity, and ambient temperature with the heat demand during the electric extrusion process. Usually, the temperature control during the extrusion process often relies on a single variable, such as the ambient temperature or the machine power, etc. However, this sub-module considers the interaction between multiple factors through an exponential relationship, making the calculation more comprehensive and accurate. The optimization of temperature control not only considers the ambient temperature and power input but also considers the heat conduction ability of the material through the thermal resistance and thermal conductivity. This is very important for heating lightweight metals such as magnesium alloy, which can effectively avoid overheating or uneven heat distribution, helping to optimize the temperature control system and making the heating of the magnesium alloy more efficient during the extrusion process, avoiding the adverse effects of overheating or uneven temperature on the quality of the final product; In this embodiment, data can be substituted into the sub-module. The TTEA data is substituted with 300K, where k is the unit of thermodynamic temperature. 300K is approximately equal to 27°C. The TTEB data is substituted with 500W, the TTEC data is substituted with 150 W / (m·K), the TTED data is substituted with 200J, the PP data is substituted with 0.8, the TTEF data is substituted with 8.314, the K1 data is substituted with 1.5, and finally the output TTE is 725.8K, which is approximately equal to 452.6°C.

[0026] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , and the processing procedure of the time control sub-module is as follows: ; Wherein: HLE refers to the heating time of the magnesium alloy, HLEA refers to the thermal conductivity coefficient of the magnesium alloy, HLEC refers to the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy, and HLED refers to the temperature change of the magnesium alloy during the heating process; HLEB refers to the volume of the magnesium alloy material sample, which determines the total heat required during the heating process; HLEE refers to the starting temperature; refers to the relationship between multiple factors during the heating process. This characterizes the relationship between the time required during the heating process and the material volume, specific heat capacity, and temperature change. During the heating process, the larger the volume and specific heat capacity, it means that more energy is required to heat the material. Therefore, the heating time will be longer. On the contrary, when the temperature change HLED is larger, the heating time is shorter. Therefore, this ratio determines the heating time required for the alloy under different conditions; refers to the non-linear change of the heating time with the temperature difference. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the value of the logarithmic term, which means that the time required to reach the target temperature is longer. The effect of this part is that the heating rate during the heating process will increase as the temperature increases, but the time required to adjust to the optimal temperature TTE will also increase accordingly; Input the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, the thermal conductivity coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy, and the specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy into the time control sub-module, and the time control sub-module outputs the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy.

[0027] In this embodiment: By calculating the time required for heating, the control system can accurately regulate the heating duration in actual production, avoiding overheating or underheating, thereby ensuring the stability and quality of material properties. Reasonably controlling the heating time can help optimize the microstructure of the alloy, avoid excessive or insufficient heating, and thus achieve the required mechanical properties. This sub-module can guide the operation of the heating equipment, optimize the heating process, save energy, and at the same time ensure that the material achieves the required heating effect. The time calculation in this sub-module not only considers the change in heating temperature, but also comprehensively considers the thermal conductivity constant and specific heat capacity of the material. The thermal conduction characteristics of magnesium alloys may be different from those of traditional alloy materials. Therefore, this comprehensive consideration provides a more accurate prediction of the heating time. Especially for low-density materials such as magnesium alloys, time control is particularly crucial. By processing the logarithmic relationship of temperature differences, the time control is not a linear relationship, but more in line with the dynamic changes in actual production. For example, the influence of temperature change on heating time is not a direct linear addition, but is affected by multiple factors. This non-linear design is more in line with the actual heating requirements. This sub-module helps to achieve precise heating time control, avoid the influence of overheating or underheating on the properties of magnesium alloys. Accurately calculating the heating time helps to improve production efficiency, reduce energy waste, and at the same time ensure the consistency and reliability of material properties.

[0028] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the processing process of the quality assessment management sub-module is as follows: ; Among them: FNQ refers to the evaluation value of the ultimate material strength of the magnesium alloy; FNQA refers to the mechanical property constant of the heated magnesium alloy, which reflects the comprehensive effect of the heating process on the improvement of the alloy's mechanical properties. FNQA is set to 0.01; FNQB refers to the grain size of the magnesium alloy; SA refers to the empirical coefficient, which reflects the influence of the change in grain size of the material under different heating conditions on the mechanical properties. The range of SA is 0.05 - 0.2, and SA is set to 0.2; SB refers to the grain size-related constant, which reflects the degree of influence of grain size on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The range of SB is 1 - 10, and SB is set to 1.5; It refers to the relationship among heating time, optimal temperature, mechanical constants, and grain size. As the heating time HLE and temperature TTE increase, the grain size gradually increases, thereby affecting the final mechanical properties, such as strength. The logarithmic form of the grain size term indicates that grain refinement can improve the strength of the alloy, and this effect gradually weakens with further grain refinement. The heating time HLE and TTE affect the grain structure of the material, while the grain size FNQB affects the mechanical properties; It refers to the effect of temperature change on the volume of the material. As the difference between the optimal temperature and the ambient temperature increases, the volume expansion effect of the material becomes more significant, which may affect the formability and final mechanical properties of the material. Especially at higher temperatures, the plasticity of the material increases, which may affect the final tensile strength and other mechanical properties; This sub-module TTE and TTEA need to be standardized by normalizing the temperature value to between 0 and 1. Using the existing technology, that is, the method of normalizing using the maximum and minimum values. For example, first subtract the minimum value of TTE from TTE, and then divide the whole by the maximum value of TTE minus the minimum value for normalization; The heating time HLE of the same magnesium alloy is also normalized through the existing normalization form of the maximum and minimum values to between 0 and 1; Input the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy, the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, and the ambient temperature TTEA into the quality assessment management sub-module, and the quality assessment management sub-module outputs the evaluation value FNQ of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy.

[0029] In this embodiment: Based on this sub-module, by adjusting the heating time, temperature, and cooling rate, the hot pressing result of the magnesium alloy can be predicted in advance, thereby ensuring the properties such as strength and hardness of the alloy. This system can evaluate the extrusion quality of the magnesium alloy, which helps to optimize the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, improve the quality of the final product, and ensure that different performance requirements are met in practical applications. Especially during the extrusion process, accurate prediction of mechanical properties helps to avoid over-processing or under-processing of materials, and ensure the uniformity and stability of the materials. This sub-module combines the grain size of the magnesium alloy with factors such as temperature and time to propose a comprehensive performance prediction system. Different from conventional methods, this sub-module not only calculates the influence of temperature and time on mechanical properties, but also considers non-linear terms such as temperature difference and grain size. This sub-module helps to predict the final mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy during the heating process, such as tensile strength and hardness, which is crucial for manufacturing high-performance magnesium alloy parts. During the extrusion process, accurate prediction of mechanical properties helps to avoid over-processing or under-processing of materials, and ensure the uniformity and stability of the materials.

[0030] It should be noted that the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy is further calculated to affect the weight factor PP of the temperature control sub-module, so as to continuously optimize the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy and the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy. The specific processing process is as follows: First: PP new = PP old + α × (HLE - HLEPL); Second: Set the iteration termination conditions: Termination condition 1: The number of iterations is 100 times; Termination condition 2: |PP new - PP old | < 0.001; Where: PP new refers to the weight factor after iteration, PP old refers to the weight factor before iteration, α refers to the adjustment coefficient, which controls the change rate of the weight factor, and HLEPL refers to the target heating time.

[0031] In this embodiment: By introducing the weight factor PP, the heat transfer efficiency during the heating process can be adjusted more flexibly. Timely adjusting this weight factor can ensure the accurate control of temperature, making the heating process more efficient and precise. The iteration process continuously optimizes the weight factor, so as to obtain more accurate temperature optimization in each iteration. This plays an important role in optimizing the heating time, avoiding the problems of overheating or underheating of the material. By adjusting the weight factor, the heating efficiency can be adjusted according to the change of the heating time, which makes the system have stronger adaptability. The weight factor PP plays a key role in temperature optimization. It indirectly affects the distribution of heat, making the change of temperature more uniform, thus improving the heating effect. Through the relationship with the heating time, the change of the weight factor enables each iteration to be optimized according to the actual situation, ensuring that the expected temperature control effect is finally achieved. The heating time HLE reflects the heating time experienced by the alloy during the heating process. The change of the heating time affects the rate of the heating process and directly affects the uniformity of the temperature distribution. By adjusting the weight factor PP, the change of temperature can be accurately controlled, thereby optimizing the heating process. The weight factor controls the relationship between temperature and heat during the heating process. By iteratively adjusting PP, the heating efficiency can be effectively controlled, so that the material can reach the optimal temperature within a reasonable time.

[0032] In the specific implementation process, a multi-submodule in this method is used to form an online heating temperature control system for the magnesium alloy extrusion process. By inputting the ambient temperature TTEA and the input power TTEB of the heating equipment into the temperature control submodule, and based on the thermal conductivity TTEC of the magnesium alloy, the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy is output. This submodule can accurately control the temperature of the magnesium alloy during extrusion. By reasonably adjusting the input power TTEB and controlling the thermal conductivity TTEC of the material, more efficient heating can be achieved, avoiding overheating or insufficient heating. This submodule helps to dynamically adjust the temperature, enabling the system to perform real-time feedback regulation according to temperature changes during actual operation, ensuring the stability of the heating process. This submodule considers the interaction between multiple factors through an exponential relationship, making the calculation more comprehensive and accurate. The optimization of temperature control not only considers the ambient temperature and power input, but also considers the heat conduction ability of the material through thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, which can effectively avoid overheating or uneven heat distribution and help optimize the temperature control system; By inputting the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, the thermal conductivity coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy, and the specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy into the time control submodule, the time control submodule outputs the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy. By calculating the time required for heating, the control system can accurately regulate the heating duration during actual production, avoiding too long or too short heating time to ensure the stability and quality of the material properties. And reasonably controlling the heating time can help optimize the microstructure of the alloy, avoiding excessive or insufficient hot pressing treatment, thereby achieving the required mechanical properties. This submodule can guide the operation of the heating equipment to optimize the heating process and save energy, while ensuring that the material achieves the required heating effect. This submodule helps to achieve precise control of the heating time, avoiding the impact of overheating and insufficient heating on the properties of the magnesium alloy. Precise calculation of the heating time helps to improve production efficiency and reduce energy waste, while ensuring the consistency and reliability of the material properties; By inputting the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy, the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, and the ambient temperature TTEA into the quality assessment and management submodule, the quality assessment and management submodule outputs the final material strength assessment value FNQ of the magnesium alloy. By adjusting the heating time, temperature, and cooling rate, the hot pressing result of the magnesium alloy can be predicted in advance, thereby ensuring the properties such as the strength and hardness of the alloy. This system can evaluate the quality of the magnesium alloy and thus help optimize the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, improving the quality of the final product and ensuring that different performance requirements are met in actual applications. Especially during the extrusion process, accurate prediction of mechanical properties helps to avoid overprocessing or underprocessing of the material, ensuring material uniformity and stability. This comprehensive prediction and evaluation form helps to achieve excellent management and forward-looking thinking effects; Further operations based on the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy affect the weight factor PP of the temperature control sub-module. By introducing the weight factor PP, the heat transfer efficiency during heating can be adjusted more flexibly. Timely adjustment of the weight factor can ensure accurate temperature control, making the heating process more efficient and precise. The iterative process can continuously optimize the weight factor, thereby obtaining more accurate temperature optimization in each iteration, which plays an important role in optimizing the heating time, avoiding the problems of overheating and underheating of the material. The weight factor PP plays a key role in temperature optimization. It indirectly affects the heat distribution, making the temperature change more uniform, thereby improving the heating effect. By adjusting the weight factor PP, the temperature change can be precisely controlled, and then the heating process can be optimized. The weight factor controls the relationship between temperature and heat during the heating process; Furthermore, it enables the overall multiple sub-modules to cooperate and calculate pairwise, and can also perform overall circulation and iteration, making the overall system have the effect of automatic optimization and update, and thus having better self-adaptability.

[0033] For the online heating temperature control system of magnesium alloy extrusion, it integrates a heating control system, a temperature sensor and feedback mechanism, a protection device, and other auxiliary components, forming an efficient and intelligent heating solution; The heating control system realizes rapid and uniform heating of the magnesium alloy through the eddy current heating coil 6, ensuring the ideal temperature state before extrusion; The temperature sensor is carefully arranged between the heating coil and the protection device, and real-time monitors and feeds back temperature data to the control system, thereby realizing precise control of the heating process; The protection device not only provides necessary protection for the heating coil, but also ensures the effective transfer and distribution of heat, further improving the heating efficiency.

[0034] The system is also equipped with auxiliary components such as a cooling system and a handling device, which can quickly cool the magnesium alloy when needed, and conveniently handle and position the extrusion die, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency and flexibility.

[0035] In summary, as Figures 4 - 8, this online heating assistance control system is aimed at the heating process of magnesium alloy extrusion. The device for this heating process mainly consists of an upper punch 1, a cylinder 11, a protection device 2, a die 3, a base 4, an eddy current heating coil 6, a temperature sensor and other components. Among them, electromagnetic induction assisted extrusion is one of the core technologies of the system. Through a high-frequency power supply and a copper tube coil, rapid heating is achieved by electromagnetic induction. The temperature can quickly rise to over 600 degrees. The heating rate is fast and the temperature is controllable. Moreover, the temperature sensor is installed between the eddy current heating coil 6 and the protection device 2 and is connected to the heating control system, which can monitor the temperature in real time and precisely control it to ensure the stability and uniformity of the heating process. In addition, the density of the eddy current heating coil 6 adopted by the system is adjustable, which not only saves energy and is environmentally friendly, but also can flexibly adjust the heating effect according to actual needs; In practical applications, the heating process of this magnesium alloy extrusion has the advantages of fast heating speed, high temperature control accuracy, good heat preservation effect, etc. At the same time, the die 3 is replaceable and can be extruded into plates, cylinders or pipes without the need to carry high-temperature molds, so the safety is higher. This electromagnetic induction assisted extrusion technology shows significant advantages in magnesium alloy processing and can effectively improve the mechanical properties and tissue uniformity of materials; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the force applied during the extrusion heating process of this magnesium alloy and the displacement of the punch. Among them, the horizontal axis IDt refers to the displacement, indicating the displacement of the punch during the extrusion process, and the unit is millimeter. The vertical axis Lode refers to the load, indicating the magnitude of the force applied during the extrusion process, and the unit is kilonewton. Mg / Al in the figure refers to the magnesium-aluminum alloy material, and Mg refers to the AZ31 material. In the markings of each stage in the figure, Contact refers to the contact stage, which refers to the initial stage when the mold and the material start to contact during the extrusion process. Compaction refers to the compaction stage, which refers to the process in which the material is gradually compacted under the action of the mold. Upsetting refers to the upsetting stage, which refers to the process in which the material undergoes upsetting deformation within the mold. Squeeze out refers to the extrusion stage, which refers to the stage in which the material finally extrudes through the mold to form the required shape. Through this figure, the change differences between the aluminum-magnesium alloy and the magnesium alloy under the action of the same extrusion force can be clearly known.

[0036] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in the data acquisition module, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the magnesium alloy and the ambient temperature in real time. The input power of the heating equipment is obtained through current, voltage and power sensors. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the magnesium alloy is obtained through a thermal conductivity tester. The specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy is obtained through a differential scanning calorimeter. The data processing module is used to clean the input data to remove useless data and perform sorting and normalization and standardization processing on the data, so as to meet the data input of multiple sub-modules of this system.

[0037] In this embodiment: Under the action of the data acquisition module, the system can collect various data during the heating process of magnesium alloy in real time. The input of various data into the system enables the comprehensive management of heating time, extrusion temperature, and product quality, thereby effectively ensuring the extrusion temperature of magnesium alloy. Moreover, through the processing of the data processing module, the accuracy of the data is improved, which is conducive to the input of the data into multiple modules of the system.

[0038] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An on-line heating temperature control system for magnesium alloy extrusion process, characterized by including: Data acquisition module: Collect temperature data, heating equipment data and magnesium alloy heat conduction data during the magnesium alloy extrusion process through the data acquisition module; Data processing module: Input the temperature data, heating equipment data and magnesium alloy heat conduction data into the data processing module. The data processing module cleans and standardizes the input data, and then outputs the ambient temperature TTEA, extrusion die temperature, input power of the heating equipment TTEB, heat conduction coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy and specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy; Calculation and analysis module: Input the ambient temperature TTEA, input power of the heating equipment TTEB, heat conduction coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy and specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy by using the calculation and analysis module, and output the optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, heating time of the magnesium alloy and evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy; Control and management module: Input the optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, heating time of the magnesium alloy and evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy into the control and management module. The control and management module adjusts the temperature control system based on the input values to ensure that the alloy is heated to the optimal temperature and adjusts the heating time during the heating process.

2. The online heating temperature control system for the magnesium alloy extrusion process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation and analysis module includes: a temperature control sub-module, a time control sub-module and a quality evaluation and management sub-module.

3. The online heating temperature control system for the magnesium alloy extrusion process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the temperature control sub-module is as follows: ； Where: TTE refers to the optimal extrusion temperature of the magnesium alloy, TTEA refers to the ambient temperature, TTEB refers to the input power of the heating equipment, TTEC refers to the thermal conductivity of the magnesium alloy, TTED refers to the total heat required during the heating process, PP refers to the weighting factor used to adjust the heat input term in the formula, TTEF refers to the thermal resistance coefficient of the magnesium alloy, and K1 refers to the adjustment coefficient used to control the influence degree of the exponential term; Refers to the relationship between the efficiency of energy input during the heating process and the conduction ability of the material itself; Refers to the relationship between the effect of heat transfer, thermal resistance, and ambient temperature; The processing process of the temperature control sub-module is as follows: Input the ambient temperature TTEA and the input power of the heating equipment TTEB into the temperature control sub-module, and output the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy based on the thermal conductivity TTEC of the magnesium alloy.

4. The online heating temperature control system for the magnesium alloy extrusion process according to claim 3, wherein: The calculation formula of the time control sub-module is as follows: ； Where: HLE refers to the heating time of the magnesium alloy, HLEA refers to the heat conduction coefficient of the magnesium alloy, HLEC refers to the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy, HLED refers to the temperature change of the magnesium alloy during the heating process, HLEB refers to the volume of the magnesium alloy material sample, and HLEE refers to the starting temperature; Refers to the relationship between multiple factors during the heating process; Refers to the non-linear variation of the heating time with the temperature difference; The processing process of the time control sub-module is as follows: Input the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, the heat conduction coefficient HLEA of the magnesium alloy and the specific heat capacity HLEC of the magnesium alloy into the time control sub-module, and the time control sub-module outputs the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy.

5. The online heating temperature control system for the magnesium alloy extrusion process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the quality evaluation and management sub-module is as follows: ； Where: FNQ refers to the evaluation value of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy, FNQA refers to the mechanical property constant of the heated magnesium alloy, FNQB refers to the grain size of the magnesium alloy; SA refers to the empirical coefficient, and SB refers to the grain size related constant; Refers to the relationship among heating time, optimal temperature, mechanical constants, and grain size; Refers to the influence of temperature change on the volume of materials; The processing procedure of the quality assessment management sub-module is as follows: Input the heating time HLE of the magnesium alloy, the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy, and the ambient temperature TTEA into the quality assessment management sub-module, and the quality assessment management sub-module outputs the evaluation value FNQ of the final material strength of the magnesium alloy.

6. The on-line heating temperature control system for the magnesium alloy extrusion process according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation process of the total heat TTED required during the heating process in the temperature control sub-module is as follows: TTED = m × HLEC × HLED; Where: m refers to the mass of the magnesium alloy, HLEC refers to the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy, HLED refers to the temperature change of the magnesium alloy during the heating process, and HLED refers to the temperature change from the starting temperature HLEE to the optimal extrusion temperature TTE of the magnesium alloy.

7. The on-line heating auxiliary control system for magnesium alloy extrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the data acquisition module, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the magnesium alloy and the ambient temperature in real time, an input power of the heating device is obtained through current, voltage, and power sensors, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the magnesium alloy is obtained through a thermal conductivity tester, and the specific heat capacity of the magnesium alloy is obtained through a differential scanning calorimeter.

8. The online heating assisted control system for magnesium alloy extrusion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module is used to perform data cleaning on the input data to remove useless data, and perform sorting and normalization processing on the data, so as to meet the data input of multiple sub-modules of this system.

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