A method for optimizing arrangement of a channel type slag yard and drainage facilities

Abstract

The application provides a channel type residue field and drainage facility arrangement optimization method, comprising the following steps: step 1, residue field body type determination; step 2, drainage open channel planning and design; step 3, residue field periphery water intercepting ditch planning and arrangement; step 4, optimization and adjustment of the residue field body type; step 5, residue field bottom drainage cushion layer planning and arrangement; and step 6, residue field top surface drainage ditch and horse path drainage ditch planning and arrangement. The application has the following advantages: the channel type residue field body surface and upstream channel, residue field periphery incoming flow and catchment can be quickly and effectively drained into the residue field downstream channel, the residue field and the blocking and drainage facility land area is reduced, and the situation that the drainage facility forms a 'gutter' and cannot timely drain the residue field body surface catchment due to the actual residue amount reduction during the residue storage implementation process is avoided. The application can be widely applied to the engineering of setting the channel type residue field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and particularly relates to a channel-type slag yard and drainage facility layout optimization method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the vigorous advancement of pumped-storage power stations, major water-saving and water-supply projects involving various types of reservoirs, and other water conservancy and hydropower projects, waste slag planning for these projects has been integrated into natural resource trading platforms for processing. All other waste slag must be stored or temporarily stored in waste dumps or temporary storage areas within the projects themselves. To minimize or minimize the occupation of arable and forested land, waste dumps are prioritized in ravines, hillsides, wastelands, and riverbanks near excavation sites. Channel-type waste dumps, located within ravines, are widely used due to their small footprint and compact protection and drainage arrangements.

[0003] The capacity of the slag dump is planned based on the results of the project's earthwork balance. According to regulatory requirements, the slag storage capacity should be 1.05 to 1.10 times the planned storage capacity. However, as the project design and construction progress, due to optimization of excavation plans, increased utilization of earthwork, and loss of waste slag during construction, the final slag dump storage volume often fails to reach the designed capacity. Under the soil and water conservation principle of "blocking first, then abandoning," drainage facilities constructed on both sides of the top of the channel-type slag dump will be higher than the final top surface of the slag dump, making it impossible to drain the surface water nearby. The catchment area of ​​some slag top front drainage ditches and horseway drainage ditches will also be larger than the originally designed catchment area.

[0004] Therefore, the design of the trench-type slag dump and the arrangement of its supporting drainage facilities are key challenges. On the one hand, the actual waste dump storage capacity is less than the planned capacity for the slag dump, which meets regulatory requirements, as outlined in the soil and water conservation plan report. On the other hand, drainage from the top of the slag dump must ensure a close and smooth connection with surrounding drainage facilities to avoid surrounding drainage facilities being higher than the top of the slag dump, creating "gutter" problems.

[0005] In existing technologies, the shape of the trench-type slag dump is often adjusted at the end of the waste dump, based on the existing storage capacity and the estimated remaining storage volume. The top platform of the slag dump near the upstream of the trench is maintained at the original design elevation and shape, while the downstream side is solved by widening the horseway to form a platform and slowing down the top storage slope. However, the effect is not good. Therefore, how to balance the size of the slag dump with the layout of the surrounding drainage facilities during the planning of the trench-type slag dump, reduce the increase in slag transportation costs caused by the subsequent adjustment of the slag dump storage volume, avoid the increase in the size of drainage facilities such as drainage ditches due to the increase in the catchment area, and reduce project investment, etc., is a difficult problem that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the defects of the existing technology, the present invention provides a channel-type slag yard and drainage facility layout optimization method, which can effectively solve the above problems.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of a channel-type slag field and drainage facilities, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Determine the shape of the slag dump: Based on the original branch ditch topography determined by the slag dump site selection and the amount of stored waste slag, plan and arrange the slag dump shape to determine the shape of the slag dump;

[0010] Step 2: Open drainage channel planning and design: Determine the open drainage channel layout parameters, including the open drainage channel axis, open drainage channel longitudinal section, open drainage channel structure shape, and open drainage channel foundation excavation boundary, based on the size of the slag dump, topographic conditions for the open drainage channel layout, and the design flow of the open drainage channel.

[0011] Step 3: Planning and arranging intercepting ditches around the slag dump: Based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and the open drainage channel layout parameters determined in step 2, and taking into account the terrain conditions along the route, determine the intercepting ditch layout parameters; the intercepting ditch layout parameters include the intercepting ditch layout boundary, intercepting ditch drainage direction, and intercepting ditch shape parameters;

[0012] Step 4: Optimizing and adjusting the slag dump shape: Based on the excavation slope boundary of the drainage channel determined in step 2 and the layout boundary of the intercepting ditch determined in step 3, the slag dump shape determined in step 1 is optimized and adjusted to obtain an optimized and adjusted slag dump shape;

[0013] Specifically, upper reverse storage slopes are set on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slope leaning towards the inside of the slag dump, and drainage facilities are set at the foot of the upper reverse storage slope to minimize the elevation of the drainage facilities; and barrier facilities are set at the foot of the slag dump of the slag dump shape determined in step 1;

[0014] Step 5: Planning and Layout of Drainage Pad at the Bottom of the Slag Yard: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag yard shape determined in Step 4, drainage pads of branch ditches and main ditches are arranged according to the distribution and direction of ditches within the planned storage area of ​​the slag yard;

[0015] Step 6: Planning and Layout of Slag Dump Top Surface Drainage Ditch and Horse Road Drainage Ditch: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag dump shape determined in Step 4, set up slag dump top surface drainage ditch, determine the drainage slope of the slag dump top surface drainage ditch, and give priority to draining to the drainage open channel; arrange horse road drainage ditch on the inner side of the horse road, set the drainage direction of the horse road drainage ditch, and give priority to draining to the drainage open channel; set up longitudinal slag dump slope drainage ditch on the storage slope between the horse roads in sections, and drain the water in the slag dump top surface drainage ditch into the drainage open channel in sections through the slag dump slope drainage ditch, and drain the water in the horse road drainage ditch into the drainage open channel.

[0016] Preferably, step 1 is specifically:

[0017] Step 1.1: In the selected branch ditch, determine the slag dumping range based on the layout of surrounding buildings;

[0018] Step 1.2, determine the stockpile slope ratio based on the slag source;

[0019] Step 1.3, within the branch ditch slag storage range determined in step 1.1, based on the storage slope ratio determined in step 1.2, preliminarily determine the slag field size that meets the requirements for the storage of waste slag;

[0020] Step 1.4: Adjust the shape of the slag dump determined in step 1.3 by setting upper reverse storage slopes on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slopes inclined toward the interior of the slag dump. The capacity of the upper reverse storage slopes is determined based on 5% to 25% of the amount of stored waste slag, thereby redetermining the shape of the slag dump.

[0021] Preferably, step 2 is specifically as follows:

[0022] Step 2.1, based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and in accordance with the terrain conditions, preliminarily plan the drainage channel axis, including the setting of the drainage channel turning points;

[0023] Step 2.2: Based on the axis of the drainage channel determined in step 2.1, the longitudinal section of the drainage channel is preliminarily determined taking into account the topographic and geological conditions along the axis.

[0024] Step 2.3, based on the longitudinal section of the drainage channel determined in step 2.2, different flow widths are proposed according to the overflow flood flow rate under the design flood standard, and hydraulic calculation of the drainage channel flow is performed to select the drainage channel flow section that meets the requirements;

[0025] Step 2.4, based on the flow cross section of the drainage channel determined in step 2.3, determine the structural shape of the drainage channel through structural calculation;

[0026] Step 2.5: Designing the excavation boundary of the drainage channel foundation based on the drainage channel axis determined in step 2.1, the drainage channel longitudinal section determined in step 2.2, and the drainage channel structure determined in step 2.4;

[0027] Step 2.6, based on the terrain and the shape of the slag dump determined in step 1, optimize and adjust the layout parameters of the drainage open channel. The adjustment steps are as follows: repeat step 2.1 to adjust the axis of the drainage open channel, repeat step 2.2 to make corresponding adjustments to the longitudinal section of the drainage open channel, repeat step 2.3 to perform hydraulic calculations, repeat step 2.4 to design the structure of the drainage open channel, and repeat step 2.5 to design the foundation excavation boundary of the drainage open channel until the layout parameters of the drainage open channel that are reasonable and meet the flood discharge requirements are determined, including the axis of the drainage open channel, the longitudinal section of the drainage open channel, the structure of the drainage open channel, and the foundation excavation boundary of the drainage open channel.

[0028] Preferably, step 3 is specifically as follows:

[0029] Step 3.1, based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and the open drainage channel layout parameters determined in step 2, determine the layout boundaries of the intercepting ditch around the slag dump;

[0030] Step 3.2: Based on the boundaries of the intercepting ditches around the slag dump determined in step 3.1, the drainage directions of the intercepting ditches are set in sections according to the terrain conditions along the route, with the upstream intercepting ditches draining to the upstream side of the drainage channel and the downstream intercepting ditches draining to the downstream side of the slag dump; the design standard flow rate corresponding to the confluence range of each intercepting ditch is determined in sections;

[0031] In step 3.3, based on the intercepting ditch layout boundary determined in step 3.1, the intercepting ditch drainage direction and the design standard flow determined in step 3.2, the intercepting ditch shape parameters that meet the requirements are set in sections, including the intercepting ditch plan and longitudinal section parameters, and the intercepting ditch cross-sectional dimensions.

[0032] Preferably, step 4 is specifically as follows:

[0033] Step 4.1, based on the excavation boundary of the drainage channel foundation determined in step 2 and the boundary of the intercepting ditch around the slag dump determined in step 3, redetermine the slag dump layout range;

[0034] Step 4.2: Based on the slag dump layout range determined in step 4.1, upper reverse storage slopes are set up on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slope leaning towards the inside of the slag dump, and space for drainage facilities is reserved at the foot of the upper reverse storage slope; the shape of the slag dump is adjusted, and the surface of the slag dump after the adjustment forms a drainage slope from both sides to the drainage channel or intercepting ditch, and from the downstream slope to the horse road drainage ditch;

[0035] Step 4.3: For the areas where the local dump boundary of the slag dump is not connected to the open drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides, a slope with a gentler slope than the one used when determining the slag dump shape, or a local low-lying area, is backfilled to connect to the open drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides. This allows the water collected from the slag dump slopes on both sides to flow down the slope and into the open drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides, thereby determining the optimized slag dump shape.

[0036] Step 4.4: Based on the slag dump shape determined in step 4.3, slag retaining walls and slag dams are set up at the foot of the slope of the slag dump shape.

[0037] Preferably, step 5 is specifically as follows:

[0038] Step 5.1: Based on the slag dump size determined in Step 4, determine the slag dump storage area. Based on the seepage area of ​​the branch ditch and main ditch covered by the slag dump, determine the drainage capacity of the drainage cushion layer according to the flood control standard design.

[0039] Step 5.2: Based on the zoned drainage volume determined in step 5.1, determine the layout parameters of the drainage cushion layers of the branch ditch and the main ditch, including the plane, longitudinal section and cross section of the drainage cushion layers of the branch ditch and the main ditch.

[0040] Preferably, step 6 is specifically:

[0041] Step 6.1: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag dump shape determined in step 4, a slag dump top surface drainage ditch is arranged at the front edge of the slag dump top surface; and a bridleway drainage ditch is arranged on the inner side of each level of bridleway;

[0042] Step 6.2: Adjust the slope of the top surface drainage of the slag dump according to the drainage ditch on the top surface of the slag dump, giving priority to draining to the side where the open drainage channel is arranged; set up the slag dump slope drainage ditch on the slag dump slope, and connect the slag dump top surface drainage ditch with the drainage open channel in sections, and connect the horse road drainage ditch with the drainage open channel in sections;

[0043] Step 6.3, adjust the slope of the horseway drainage ditch. Based on the catchment area, give priority to setting the drainage slope for the single-sided drainage channel. If there are drainage channels on both sides of the slag yard, the catchment area should be evenly divided, and the horseway drainage ditch should be set with a drainage slope to drain water to both sides.

[0044] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities, which has at least the following technical effects and advantages:

[0045] (1) The technical solution provided by this application effectively solves the problem of adapting the shape of a channel-type slag dump to the drainage system. By optimizing the layout of drainage facilities and adjusting the shape of the slag dump, the problem of drainage on the top surface of the slag dump during actual implementation is solved, avoiding the problem of drainage facilities becoming a "gutter".

[0046] (2) The technical solution provided by this application reduces the land occupation of the trench-type slag dump. The reverse storage slope is set at the top of the slag dump. Compared with the slag dump of the same volume without the reverse storage slope, it reduces the land occupation, vegetation disturbance and soil erosion scope, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

[0047] (3) The technical solution provided by this application reduces the scope of drainage facilities in the channel-type slag dump, saving investment. The reverse storage slope is set at the top of the slag dump, which reduces the area occupied and correspondingly reduces the scale of surrounding drainage facilities, thus reducing investment.

[0048] The realization of these technical effects and advantages improves the relevance of the shape of the channel-type slag dump and the layout of the drainage system, reduces the land occupation, and reduces the project cost, reflecting the innovation, environmental protection and practicality of the technical solution of this application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the layout of the channel-type slag dump and drainage facilities in the embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the slag dump in the embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the arrangement of the open drainage channel and intercepting ditch in the embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the drainage ditch on the top surface of the slag dump and the drainage ditch on the horseway in the embodiment of the present application;

[0053] In the figure: 1---open drainage channel; 2---inlet of open drainage channel; 3-1---intercepting ditch draining to the inlet of upstream open drainage channel; 3-2---intercepting ditch draining to the downstream of slag dump; 4---slag dump; 5---drainage cushion layer; 6---drainage ditch on the top surface of slag dump; 7---drainage ditch on the horse path; 8---slag retaining wall; 9---drainage slope and direction indicator arrow; 10---temporary storage area; 11---topography contour line; 12---original ground line at the bottom of the ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the drawings in the specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments; it should be understood that the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting this patent: in order to better illustrate this embodiment, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; the terrain shown in the drawings only represents an example terrain, not a universal terrain; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "reverse", "inner", "top / bottom", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0056] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0057] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of a channel-type slag dump and drainage facilities, which effectively solves the problem of matching the slag dump shape with the layout of surrounding drainage facilities, reduces the problems of later storage shape adjustment and drainage facility adjustment, reduces the land occupied by the slag dump, reduces the disturbance to the original ecological vegetation, and saves investment.

[0058] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of a channel-type slag dump and drainage facilities, the main steps of which include: step 1, formulating the layout of the slag dump; step 2, determining the layout of the open drainage channel; step 3, determining the layout of the surrounding intercepting ditches; step 4, optimizing and adjusting the shape of the slag dump; step 5, determining the layout of the drainage cushion layer; step 6, determining the layout of the slag surface and the horseway drainage ditch.

[0059] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of a channel-type slag field and drainage facilities, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Determine the shape of the slag dump: Based on the original branch ditch topography determined by the slag dump site selection and the amount of stored waste slag, plan and arrange the slag dump shape to determine the shape of the slag dump;

[0061] Step 1 is as follows:

[0062] Step 1.1: In the selected branch ditch, determine the slag dumping range based on the layout of surrounding buildings and relevant construction specifications;

[0063] Step 1.2, determine the stockpile slope ratio based on the slag source;

[0064] Step 1.3, within the branch ditch slag storage range determined in step 1.1, based on the storage slope ratio determined in step 1.2, preliminarily determine the slag field size that meets the requirements for the storage of waste slag;

[0065] Step 1.4: Adjust the slag dump shape determined in step 1.3 by setting upper reverse storage slopes on both sides of the slag dump. The upper part of the upper reverse storage slopes is inclined toward the interior of the slag dump. The capacity of the upper reverse storage slopes is determined by 5% to 25% of the amount of stored waste slag. The above ratios are recommended values ​​and can be adjusted based on comprehensive considerations such as terrain conditions, surrounding sensitive factors, and land use scope, with the principle of minimizing the elevation of drainage facilities. This will redefine the slag dump shape, i.e., the slag dump storage shape.

[0066] Step 2: Open drainage channel planning and design: Determine the open drainage channel layout parameters, including the open drainage channel axis, open drainage channel longitudinal section, open drainage channel structure shape, and open drainage channel foundation excavation boundary, based on the size of the slag dump, topographic conditions for the open drainage channel layout, and the design flow of the open drainage channel.

[0067] Step 2 is as follows:

[0068] Step 2.1, based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and in accordance with the terrain conditions, preliminarily plan the drainage channel axis, including the setting of the drainage channel turning points;

[0069] Step 2.2: Based on the axis of the drainage channel determined in step 2.1, the longitudinal section of the drainage channel is preliminarily determined taking into account the topographic and geological conditions along the axis.

[0070] Step 2.3, based on the longitudinal section of the drainage channel determined in step 2.2, different flow widths are proposed according to the overflow flood flow rate under the design flood standard, and hydraulic calculation of the drainage channel flow is performed to select the drainage channel flow section that meets the requirements;

[0071] Step 2.4, based on the flow cross section of the drainage channel determined in step 2.3, determine the structural shape of the drainage channel through structural calculation;

[0072] Step 2.5: Designing the excavation boundary of the drainage channel foundation based on the drainage channel axis determined in step 2.1, the drainage channel longitudinal section determined in step 2.2, and the drainage channel structure determined in step 2.4;

[0073] Step 2.6, based on the terrain and the shape of the slag dump determined in step 1, optimize and adjust the layout parameters of the drainage open channel. The adjustment steps are as follows: repeat step 2.1 to adjust the axis of the drainage open channel, repeat step 2.2 to make corresponding adjustments to the longitudinal section of the drainage open channel, repeat step 2.3 to perform hydraulic calculations, repeat step 2.4 to design the structure of the drainage open channel, and repeat step 2.5 to design the foundation excavation boundary of the drainage open channel until the layout parameters of the drainage open channel that are reasonable and meet the flood discharge requirements are determined, including the axis of the drainage open channel, the longitudinal section of the drainage open channel, the structure of the drainage open channel, and the foundation excavation boundary of the drainage open channel.

[0074] Step 3: Planning and Layout of Intercepting Ditches around the Slag Dump: Based on the slag dump shape determined in Step 1 and the open drainage channel layout parameters determined in Step 2, and taking into account the terrain conditions along the route, determine the intercepting ditch layout parameters; the intercepting ditch layout parameters include the intercepting ditch layout boundary, intercepting ditch drainage direction, drainage slope and intercepting ditch shape parameters; the intercepting ditch shape parameters include the intercepting ditch plane and longitudinal section parameters, and the intercepting ditch cross-sectional dimensions.

[0075] Step 3 is as follows:

[0076] Step 3.1, based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and the open drainage channel layout parameters determined in step 2, determine the layout boundaries of the intercepting ditch around the slag dump;

[0077] Step 3.2: Based on the boundaries of the intercepting ditches around the slag dump determined in step 3.1, the drainage directions of the intercepting ditches are set in sections according to the terrain conditions along the route, with the upstream intercepting ditches draining to the upstream side of the drainage channel and the downstream intercepting ditches draining to the downstream side of the slag dump; the design standard flow rate corresponding to the confluence range of each intercepting ditch is determined in sections;

[0078] In step 3.3, based on the intercepting ditch layout boundary determined in step 3.1, the intercepting ditch drainage direction and the design standard flow determined in step 3.2, the intercepting ditch shape parameters that meet the requirements are set in sections, including the intercepting ditch plan and longitudinal section parameters, and the intercepting ditch cross-sectional dimensions.

[0079] Step 4: Optimizing and adjusting the slag dump shape: Based on the excavation slope boundary of the drainage channel determined in step 2 and the layout boundary of the intercepting ditch determined in step 3, the slag dump shape determined in step 1 is optimized and adjusted to obtain an optimized and adjusted slag dump shape;

[0080] Specifically, upper reverse storage slopes are set up on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slope leaning towards the inside of the slag dump. Drainage facilities are set up at the foot of the upper reverse storage slope to minimize the elevation of the drainage facilities. This is convenient for construction and avoids the formation of "gutters". Barrier facilities are set up at the foot of the slag dump of the slag dump shape determined in step 1;

[0081] Step 4 is as follows:

[0082] Step 4.1, based on the excavation boundary of the drainage channel foundation determined in step 2 and the boundary of the intercepting ditch around the slag dump determined in step 3, redetermine the slag dump layout range;

[0083] Step 4.2: Based on the slag dump layout range determined in step 4.1, upper reverse storage slopes are set up on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slope leaning towards the inside of the slag dump, and space for drainage facilities is reserved at the foot of the upper reverse storage slope; the shape of the slag dump is adjusted, and the surface of the slag dump after the adjustment forms a drainage slope from both sides to the drainage channel or intercepting ditch, and from the downstream slope to the horse road drainage ditch;

[0084] Step 4.3: For the areas where the local dump boundary of the slag dump is not connected to the drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides, a slope with a gentler slope than the one used when determining the slag dump shape, i.e., the slope with the slope determined in Step 1.2, is adopted. Alternatively, the local low-lying areas are backfilled to connect to the drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides, so that the water collected from the slag dump slopes on both sides can flow down the slope into the drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides, thereby determining the optimized slag dump shape.

[0085] Step 4.4: Based on the slag dump shape determined in step 4.3, slag retaining walls, slag dams and other retaining facilities are set up at the foot of the slope of the slag dump shape.

[0086] Step 5: Planning and Layout of Drainage Pad at the Bottom of the Slag Yard: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag yard shape determined in Step 4, drainage pads of branch ditches and main ditches are arranged according to the distribution and direction of ditches within the planned storage area of ​​the slag yard;

[0087] Step 5 is as follows:

[0088] Step 5.1: Based on the slag dump size determined in Step 4, determine the slag dump storage area. Based on the seepage area of ​​the branch ditch and main ditch covered by the slag dump, determine the drainage capacity of the drainage cushion layer according to the flood control standard design.

[0089] Step 5.2: Based on the zoned drainage volume determined in step 5.1, determine the layout parameters of the drainage cushion layers of the branch ditch and the main ditch, including the plane, longitudinal section and cross section of the drainage cushion layers of the branch ditch and the main ditch.

[0090] Step 5.2 is as follows:

[0091] Step 5.2.1: Drainage cushion layer is set along the existing water flow direction. The foundation excavation depth is not less than 50cm, and the undulation along the ditch bottom is not more than 20cm. The foundation forms a drainage slope downstream to avoid pits and other existing water flow, and backfill to form a continuous drainage cushion layer;

[0092] Step 5.2.2: The cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage cushion layer is calculated and determined according to the seepage requirements, and the permeability coefficient is required to be greater than 10 -1 cm / s. A two-layer filter material with a geotextile in between is placed outside the drainage cushion to prevent fine particles from entering the drainage cushion and clogging the drainage channel, reducing the permeability coefficient. The filter material is generally 30 cm thick.

[0093] Step 6: Planning and Layout of Slag Dump Top Surface Drainage Ditch and Horse Road Drainage Ditch: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag dump shape determined in Step 4, set up slag dump top surface drainage ditch, determine the drainage slope of the slag dump top surface drainage ditch, and give priority to draining to the drainage open channel; arrange horse road drainage ditch on the inner side of the horse road, set the drainage direction of the horse road drainage ditch, and give priority to draining to the drainage open channel; set up longitudinal slag dump slope drainage ditch on the storage slope between the horse roads in sections, and drain the water in the slag dump top surface drainage ditch into the drainage open channel in sections through the slag dump slope drainage ditch, and drain the water in the horse road drainage ditch into the drainage open channel.

[0094] Step 6 is as follows:

[0095] Step 6.1: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag dump shape determined in step 4, a slag dump top surface drainage ditch is arranged at the front edge of the slag dump top surface; and a bridleway drainage ditch is arranged on the inner side of each level of bridleway;

[0096] Step 6.2: Adjust the slope of the top surface drainage of the slag dump according to the drainage ditch on the top surface of the slag dump, giving priority to draining to the side where the open drainage channel is arranged; set up the slag dump slope drainage ditch on the slag dump slope, and connect the slag dump top surface drainage ditch with the drainage open channel in sections, and connect the horse road drainage ditch with the drainage open channel in sections;

[0097] In this step, the drainage ditches, which are longer than 300 meters and are located at the top edge of the slag dump and on the bridleway, are divided into sections of approximately 150 to 200 meters, along the slope. Furthermore, the drainage ditches at the top edge of the slag dump and along the bridleway between the two slope-downward drainage ditches are bidirectionally arranged to discharge water to the nearest slope-downward drainage ditch. This reduces the catchment area of ​​the segmented drainage ditches, thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage ditches, saving investment and improving drainage efficiency.

[0098] Step 6.3, adjust the slope of the horseway drainage ditch. Based on the catchment area, give priority to setting the drainage slope for the single-sided drainage channel. If there are drainage channels on both sides of the slag yard, the catchment area should be evenly divided, and the horseway drainage ditch should be set with a drainage slope to drain water to both sides.

[0099] This invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of a channel-type slag dump and its drainage facilities. This method fully utilizes the drainage surface created by optimizing the slag dump's shape while simultaneously optimizing the layout of drainage facilities to form a complete drainage system. This method effectively and efficiently drains the surface, upstream, and surrounding areas of the channel-type slag dump. The method includes: planning and arranging the slag dump based on the amount of waste stored in the slag dump and the topography and geology of the channel; arranging drainage facilities based on hydrological data; and optimizing the slag dump's shape and the layout of drainage facilities.

[0100] like Figures 1 to 4 Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities arranged using the trench-type slag dump and drainage facility layout optimization method of the present invention. In the figure, 1 represents an open drainage channel; 2 represents the inlet of the open drainage channel; 3-1 represents the intercepting ditch that drains to the inlet of the upstream open drainage channel; 3-2 represents the intercepting ditch that drains to the downstream of the slag dump; 4 represents the slag dump; 5 represents the drainage cushion layer; 6 represents the drainage ditch on the top surface of the slag dump; 7 represents the drainage ditch on the horse path; 8 represents the slag retaining wall; 9 represents the drainage slope and direction indicator arrow; 10 represents the temporary storage area; 11 represents the terrain contour line; and 12 represents the original ground line at the bottom of the ditch.

[0101] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities, which has at least the following technical effects and advantages:

[0102] (1) The technical solution provided by this application achieves the adaptation of the shape of the channel-type slag dump to the drainage system. After planning the shape of the slag dump and the drainage facilities according to the technical solution provided by this application, the top surface of the slag dump can still be higher than the surrounding drainage facilities after the storage is completed, even if the amount of waste slag is greatly reduced. The surface runoff can be discharged into the drainage facilities on both sides. Therefore, this application effectively solves the problem of slag dump top surface drainage during actual implementation, avoiding the problem of drainage facilities becoming "gutters", that is, avoiding the problem of the drainage facilities of the channel-type slag dump being higher than the top of the slag dump and becoming "gutters".

[0103] (2) The technical solution provided by this application reduces the land occupation of the trench-type slag dump. The reverse storage slope is set at the top of the slag dump. Compared with the slag dump of the same volume without the reverse storage slope, it reduces the land occupation, vegetation disturbance and soil erosion scope, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

[0104] (3) The technical solution provided by this application reduces the scope and scale of drainage facilities in channel-type slag dumps, saving investment. The reverse storage slope is set up at the top of the slag dump, which reduces the area occupied and the scale of surrounding drainage facilities accordingly. The segmented installation of intercepting ditches, drainage ditches, and downslope drainage ditches reduces the scale of intercepting ditches and drainage ditches, reducing project investment.

[0105] The realization of these technical effects and advantages improves the relevance of the shape of the channel-type slag dump and the layout of the drainage system, reduces the land occupation, and reduces the project cost, reflecting the innovation, environmental protection and practicality of the technical solution of this application.

[0106] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Determine the shape of the slag dump: Based on the original branch ditch topography determined by the slag dump site selection and the amount of stored waste slag, plan and arrange the slag dump shape to determine the shape of the slag dump; Step 2: Open drainage channel planning and design: Determine the open drainage channel layout parameters, including the open drainage channel axis, open drainage channel longitudinal section, open drainage channel structure shape, and open drainage channel foundation excavation boundary, based on the size of the slag dump, topographic conditions for the open drainage channel layout, and the design flow of the open drainage channel. Step 3: Planning and arranging intercepting ditches around the slag dump: Based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and the open drainage channel layout parameters determined in step 2, and taking into account the terrain conditions along the route, determine the intercepting ditch layout parameters; the intercepting ditch layout parameters include the intercepting ditch layout boundary, intercepting ditch drainage direction, and intercepting ditch shape parameters; Step 4: Optimizing and adjusting the slag dump shape: Based on the excavation slope boundary of the drainage channel determined in step 2 and the layout boundary of the intercepting ditch determined in step 3, the slag dump shape determined in step 1 is optimized and adjusted to obtain an optimized and adjusted slag dump shape; Specifically, upper reverse storage slopes are set on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slope leaning towards the inside of the slag dump, and drainage facilities are set at the foot of the upper reverse storage slope to minimize the elevation of the drainage facilities; and barrier facilities are set at the foot of the slag dump of the slag dump shape determined in step 1; Step 5: Planning and Layout of Drainage Pad at the Bottom of the Slag Yard: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag yard shape determined in Step 4, drainage pads of branch ditches and main ditches are arranged according to the distribution and direction of ditches within the planned storage area of ​​the slag yard; Step 6: Planning and Layout of Slag Dump Top Surface Drainage Ditch and Horse Road Drainage Ditch: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag dump shape determined in Step 4, set up slag dump top surface drainage ditch, determine the drainage slope of the slag dump top surface drainage ditch, and give priority to draining to the drainage open channel; arrange horse road drainage ditch on the inner side of the horse road, set the drainage direction of the horse road drainage ditch, and give priority to draining to the drainage open channel; set up longitudinal slag dump slope drainage ditch on the storage slope between the horse roads in sections, and drain the water in the slag dump top surface drainage ditch into the drainage open channel in sections through the slag dump slope drainage ditch, and drain the water in the horse road drainage ditch into the drainage open channel.

2. A method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1 is as follows: Step 1.1: In the selected branch ditch, determine the slag dumping range based on the layout of surrounding buildings; Step 1.2, determine the stockpile slope ratio based on the slag source; Step 1.3, within the branch ditch slag storage range determined in step 1.1, based on the storage slope ratio determined in step 1.2, preliminarily determine the slag field size that meets the requirements for the storage of waste slag; Step 1.4: Adjust the shape of the slag dump determined in step 1.3 by setting upper reverse storage slopes on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slopes inclined toward the interior of the slag dump. The capacity of the upper reverse storage slopes is determined based on 5% to 25% of the amount of stored waste slag, thereby redetermining the shape of the slag dump.

3. A method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2 is as follows: Step 2.1, based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and in accordance with the terrain conditions, preliminarily plan the drainage channel axis, including the setting of the drainage channel turning points; Step 2.2: Based on the axis of the drainage channel determined in step 2.1, the longitudinal section of the drainage channel is preliminarily determined taking into account the topographic and geological conditions along the axis. Step 2.3, based on the longitudinal section of the drainage channel determined in step 2.2, different flow widths are proposed according to the overflow flood flow rate under the design flood standard, and hydraulic calculation of the drainage channel flow is performed to select the drainage channel flow section that meets the requirements; Step 2.4, based on the flow cross section of the drainage channel determined in step 2.3, determine the structural shape of the drainage channel through structural calculation; Step 2.5: Designing the excavation boundary of the drainage channel foundation based on the drainage channel axis determined in step 2.1, the drainage channel longitudinal section determined in step 2.2, and the drainage channel structure determined in step 2.4; Step 2.6, based on the terrain and the shape of the slag dump determined in step 1, optimize and adjust the layout parameters of the drainage open channel. The adjustment steps are as follows: repeat step 2.1 to adjust the axis of the drainage open channel, repeat step 2.2 to make corresponding adjustments to the longitudinal section of the drainage open channel, repeat step 2.3 to perform hydraulic calculations, repeat step 2.4 to design the structure of the drainage open channel, and repeat step 2.5 to design the foundation excavation boundary of the drainage open channel until the layout parameters of the drainage open channel that are reasonable and meet the flood discharge requirements are determined, including the axis of the drainage open channel, the longitudinal section of the drainage open channel, the structure of the drainage open channel, and the foundation excavation boundary of the drainage open channel.

4. A method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3 is as follows: Step 3.1, based on the slag dump shape determined in step 1 and the open drainage channel layout parameters determined in step 2, determine the layout boundaries of the intercepting ditch around the slag dump; Step 3.2: Based on the boundaries of the intercepting ditches around the slag dump determined in step 3.1, the drainage directions of the intercepting ditches are set in sections according to the terrain conditions along the route, with the upstream intercepting ditches draining to the upstream side of the drainage channel and the downstream intercepting ditches draining to the downstream side of the slag dump; the design standard flow rate corresponding to the confluence range of each intercepting ditch is determined in sections; In step 3.3, based on the intercepting ditch layout boundary determined in step 3.1, the intercepting ditch drainage direction and the design standard flow determined in step 3.2, the intercepting ditch shape parameters that meet the requirements are set in sections, including the intercepting ditch plan and longitudinal section parameters, and the intercepting ditch cross-sectional dimensions.

5. A method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4 is as follows: Step 4.1, based on the excavation boundary of the drainage channel foundation determined in step 2 and the boundary of the intercepting ditch around the slag dump determined in step 3, redetermine the slag dump layout range; Step 4.2: Based on the slag dump layout range determined in step 4.1, upper reverse storage slopes are set up on both sides of the slag dump, with the upper part of the upper reverse storage slope leaning towards the inside of the slag dump, and space for drainage facilities is reserved at the foot of the upper reverse storage slope; the shape of the slag dump is adjusted, and the surface of the slag dump after the adjustment forms a drainage slope from both sides to the drainage channel or intercepting ditch, and from the downstream slope to the horse road drainage ditch; Step 4.3: For the areas where the local dump boundary of the slag dump is not connected to the open drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides, a slope with a gentler slope than the one used when determining the slag dump shape, or a local low-lying area, is backfilled to connect to the open drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides. This allows the water collected from the slag dump slopes on both sides to flow down the slope and into the open drainage channels or intercepting ditches on both sides, thereby determining the optimized slag dump shape. Step 4.4: Based on the slag dump shape determined in step 4.3, slag retaining walls and slag dams are set up at the foot of the slope of the slag dump shape.

6. A method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 5 is as follows: Step 5.1: Based on the slag dump size determined in Step 4, determine the slag dump storage area. Based on the seepage area of ​​the branch ditch and main ditch covered by the slag dump, determine the drainage capacity of the drainage cushion layer according to the flood control standard design. Step 5.2: Based on the zoned drainage volume determined in step 5.1, determine the layout parameters of the drainage cushion layers of the branch ditch and the main ditch, including the plane, longitudinal section and cross section of the drainage cushion layers of the branch ditch and the main ditch.

7. A method for optimizing the layout of a trench-type slag dump and drainage facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 6 is as follows: Step 6.1: Based on the optimized and adjusted slag dump shape determined in step 4, a slag dump top surface drainage ditch is arranged at the front edge of the slag dump top surface; and a bridleway drainage ditch is arranged on the inner side of each level of bridleway; Step 6.2: Adjust the slope of the top surface drainage of the slag dump according to the drainage ditch on the top surface of the slag dump, giving priority to draining to the side where the open drainage channel is arranged; set up the slag dump slope drainage ditch on the slag dump slope, and connect the slag dump top surface drainage ditch with the drainage open channel in sections, and connect the horse road drainage ditch with the drainage open channel in sections; Step 6.3, adjust the slope of the horseway drainage ditch. Based on the catchment area, give priority to setting the drainage slope for the single-sided drainage channel. If there are drainage channels on both sides of the slag yard, the catchment area should be evenly divided, and the horseway drainage ditch should be set with a drainage slope to drain water to both sides.

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