Umbrella type adjustable photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system

Abstract

The invention provides an umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system which comprises a central shaft, two or more layers of semitransparent photovoltaic cells and a layer of photo-thermal reflecting mirror, and the photo-thermal reflecting mirror and each layer of semitransparent photovoltaic cells are installed on the central shaft from bottom to top. Wherein each layer of semitransparent photovoltaic cell can respectively rotate and adjust on a central shaft along the horizontal direction, and each layer of semitransparent photovoltaic cell can respectively carry out angle adjustment relative to the horizontal plane; each layer of semitransparent photovoltaic cell comprises light-transmitting areas and light-absorbing areas which are arranged in a staggered mode, and the light-absorbing areas of the upper layer of semitransparent photovoltaic cell and the light-absorbing areas of the lower layer of semitransparent photovoltaic cell are adjusted to be in a state change of complete overlapping, partial overlapping, non-overlapping, offset overlapping or gradual overlapping. The light transmittance of the system is dynamically adjusted, dynamic balance optimization of photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation is achieved, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic-thermal coupling, and particularly to an umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. Background Art

[0002] Existing photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems mainly combine photovoltaic cells and solar thermal mirrors. The photovoltaic cells absorb ultraviolet and visible light in solar radiation for power generation, while the solar thermal mirrors reflect the infrared light passing through the photovoltaic cells to a solar thermal collector for solar thermal power generation.

[0003] However, traditional photovoltaic-thermal coupling systems usually adopt a fixed structure, fixing the positions and installation angles of the photovoltaic cells and solar thermal mirrors. This makes the system unable to perform effective dynamic adjustment under different lighting conditions and seasonal changes. For example, when the solar angle changes or the light intensity is unstable, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation of the system cannot achieve the best balance, resulting in a low overall system efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first object of the present invention is to provide an umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system to solve the technical problems mentioned in the above background art section.

[0005] The present invention provides an umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, including a central axis, two or more layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, and a layer of solar thermal mirror. The solar thermal mirror and each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are installed on the central axis at intervals from bottom to top. Each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can rotate horizontally on the central axis respectively, and each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can adjust the angle relative to the horizontal plane respectively;

[0006] Each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells includes alternately arranged light-transmitting regions and light-absorbing regions. When each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is arranged vertically aligned from top to bottom, the light-transmitting regions of the upper and lower adjacent layers of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are alternately arranged; by adjusting the state changes of complete overlap, partial overlap, non-overlap, offset overlap or gradual overlap between the light-absorbing regions of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing regions of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the dynamic adjustment of the light transmittance of the system is realized.

[0007] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, when the light-absorbing regions of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing regions of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are completely overlapped, the light-transmitting regions of each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells will not be blocked, so that the light transmittance of the system is the largest.

[0008] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, when there is partial overlap between the light-absorbing regions of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing regions of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the light-transmitting regions of each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are partially blocked, so that the light transmittance of the system is reduced.

[0009] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, when there is no overlap between the light-absorbing regions of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing regions of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the light-absorbing regions of each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are in an exposed state, so that the light transmittance of the system is minimized.

[0010] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, when there is offset overlap between the light-absorbing regions of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing regions of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, there is a certain angle of offset between the light-transmitting regions of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-transmitting regions of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, so as to adjust the energy distribution between solar thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation.

[0011] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, when there is gradual overlap between the light-absorbing regions of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing regions of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, it is possible to gradually increase or gradually decrease the light transmittance of the system, so as to gradually adjust the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation.

[0012] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells includes a plurality of photovoltaic cell units uniformly distributed on the same plane, and each of the photovoltaic cell units includes a light-transmitting region and a light-absorbing region arranged in an alternating manner.

[0013] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, the solar thermal mirror includes a plurality of mirror units uniformly distributed on the same plane, and each of the mirror units corresponds to each of the photovoltaic cell units in the upper layer respectively.

[0014] According to the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, the solar thermal mirror can be adjusted in translational position along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the solar thermal mirror can be adjusted in tilt angle relative to the horizontal plane.

[0015] The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention further includes a light sensing device and an automatic control system. The light sensing device is used to monitor the intensity and direction of sunlight in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the automatic control system in real time. The automatic control system adjusts and controls the state changes between the layers of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells based on the monitoring data, and adjusts and controls the position and tilt angle of the photovoltaic-thermal reflector to adjust the energy distribution between photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic-thermal power generation by dynamically adjusting the system transmittance.

[0016] In the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system provided by the present invention, by adjusting the state changes between the light absorption regions of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell to be completely overlapped, partially overlapped, non-overlapped, offset overlapped or gradually overlapped, the dynamic adjustment of the system transmittance is realized, and then the dynamic balance optimization between photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic-thermal power generation is realized, effectively improving the synergistic effect of photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic-thermal power generation, and further enhancing the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram when the light transmission region of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in the present invention completely overlaps with the light absorption region of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell;

[0020] Figure 3 For Figure 2 the state schematic diagram of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in

[0021] Figure 4 For Figure 2 the state schematic diagram of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram when the light transmission region of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in the present invention partially overlaps with the light absorption region of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell;

[0023] Figure 6 For Figure 5 the state schematic diagram of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in

[0024] Figure 7 is Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the state of the middle and lower layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0025] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a structure when there is no overlap between the light-transmitting area of the upper middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the light-absorbing area of the lower middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 is Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the state of the upper middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0027] Figure 10 is Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the state of the middle and lower layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0028] Figure 11 is another schematic diagram of a structure when there is no overlap between the light-transmitting area of the upper middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the light-absorbing area of the lower middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 is Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the state of the upper middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0030] Figure 13 is Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the state of the middle and lower layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cells;

[0031] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the upper middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the lower middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention are completely aligned;

[0032] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the upper middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention rotates 45 degrees;

[0033] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure when the upper middle layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention rotates 90 degrees;

[0034] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the servo motors of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the optical-thermal reflector in the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the servos of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells in the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the servo of the optical-thermal reflector of one layer in the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 20 This is a schematic installation diagram of a linear drive motor for a layer of solar thermal reflectors in the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system of the present invention.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Central axis; 2. Solar thermal reflector; 3A. Upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 3A1. Upper light-transmitting area; 3A2. Upper light-absorbing area; 3B. Lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell; 3B1. Lower light-transmitting area; 3B2. Lower light-absorbing area; 4. First servo motor; 5. First steering gear; 6. First bracket; 7. Second steering gear; 8. Second bracket; 9. Linear drive motor; 10. Base; 11. Second servo motor. Specific implementation manners

[0040] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0042] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] As shown Figure 1 in FIG. Figure 1 , the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a central axis 1, two or more layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, and a layer of photothermal reflector 2. The photothermal reflector 2 and each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are installed on the central axis 1 from bottom to top. Each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can be rotated and adjusted horizontally on the central axis 1 respectively, and each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can be adjusted at an angle relative to the horizontal plane respectively.

[0044] Each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells includes a light-transmitting area and a light-absorbing area arranged alternately. When each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is arranged in alignment from top to bottom, the light-transmitting areas of the upper and lower adjacent layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells 2 are arranged alternately.

[0045] The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiment of the present invention realizes the dynamic adjustment of the system transmittance by adjusting the state change of complete overlap, partial overlap, non-overlap, offset overlap or gradual overlap between the light-absorbing areas of the upper layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing areas of the lower layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, thereby realizing the dynamic balance optimization of photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation, effectively improving the synergistic effect of photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation, and further enhancing the comprehensive energy efficiency of the system.

[0046] Specifically, the number of layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic-thermal coupling system can be set according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, two layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are provided, that is, the upper layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B.

[0047] Each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells includes one or more photovoltaic cell units evenly distributed on the same plane. Each photovoltaic cell unit includes a light-transmitting area and a light-absorbing area arranged alternately. The light-transmitting part is formed by etching a part of each photovoltaic cell unit. That is, each photovoltaic cell unit of the upper layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A includes an upper light-transmitting area 3A1 and an upper light-absorbing area 3A2 arranged alternately, and each photovoltaic cell unit of the lower layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B includes a lower light-transmitting area 3B1 and a lower light-absorbing area 3B2 arranged alternately.

[0048] When the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged in alignment, the light-transmitting areas can form an alternating distribution, so that the light-transmitting areas and light-absorbing areas of the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells form a complementary structure to maximize the utilization of sunlight in different bands.

[0049] Specifically, by horizontally rotating and adjusting each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and by adjusting the angle of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells relative to the horizontal plane, the degree of overlap between the light-transmitting areas and the light-absorbing areas of the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can be changed, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of the system's light transmittance. In the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to adjust the state change such that the upper light-absorbing area 3A2 of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower light-absorbing area 3B2 of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B are in a state of complete overlap, partial overlap, non-overlap, offset overlap, or gradual overlap. The following specifically describes these several adjustment states.

[0050] 1. Complete overlap

[0051] As Figures 2 - 4 shown, when the upper light-absorbing area 3A2 of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower light-absorbing area 3B2 of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B are in a state of complete overlap, the light-transmitting part of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell will not be blocked, and the total amount of light absorption of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell for visible light and ultraviolet light is the smallest, while the total amount of infrared light that can pass through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and be reflected by the photothermal mirror 2 is the largest. Therefore, the light transmittance of the system is the largest.

[0052] In this state, the light transmittance of the system is relatively high, which is suitable for use in strong light to increase the efficiency of the photothermal power generation part. Therefore, this adjustment state is applicable to environments with strong light and can maximize the output of photothermal power generation.

[0053] 2. Partial overlap

[0054] As Figures 5 - 7 shown, when the upper light-absorbing area 3A2 of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower light-absorbing area 3B2 of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B are in a state of partial overlap, the light-transmitting area of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is partially blocked. Therefore, the light transmittance of the system will decrease.

[0055] In this state, it is possible to better balance the ratio of photothermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation, and enhance the photovoltaic power generation ability without losing too much photothermal power generation efficiency. Therefore, this adjustment state is suitable for use in environments with medium light, or when it is necessary to adjust the ratio of photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation according to seasons and weather changes.

[0056] 3. Non-overlap

[0057] As Figures 8 - 13As shown, when there is no overlap between the upper light-absorbing region 3A2 of the upper-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower light-absorbing region 3B2 of the lower-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B, the light-absorbing regions of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are all in an exposed and unobstructed state, and the overall exposed area of the light-absorbing regions of the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is the largest. Therefore, the light transmittance of the system is the lowest in this state.

[0058] In this state, since the total amount of infrared light that can pass through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and be reflected by the solar thermal mirror 2 is the smallest, the efficiency of the solar thermal power generation part is relatively low, and the photovoltaic power generation part will be optimized maximally. Therefore, this adjusted state is suitable for use in environments with weak light or high photovoltaic power generation requirements to maximize the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0059] 4. Offset Overlap

[0060] When there is an offset overlap between the upper light-absorbing region 3A2 of the upper-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower light-absorbing region 3B2 of the lower-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B, there will also be a certain-angle offset between the upper light-transmitting region 3A1 of the upper-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower light-transmitting region 3B1 of the lower-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B, and the degree of offset can affect the size of the overall light-transmitting area of the system. The elevation when there is an offset overlap between the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is as Figure 17 shown.

[0061] By adjusting the degree of offset, a fine energy distribution can be achieved between solar thermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. For example, by increasing the overlapping area of the light-absorbing regions, the output of solar thermal power generation can be enhanced; by reducing the overlapping area of the light-absorbing regions, it is beneficial to enhance the effect of photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, this adjusted state is suitable for environments that require precise adjustment of the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation, especially for the need to adjust the light transmittance of the system according to different seasons and sunlight conditions.

[0062] 5. Gradual Overlap

[0063] When there is a gradual overlap between the upper light-absorbing region 3A2 of the upper-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A and the lower light-absorbing region 3B2 of the lower-layer semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B, the light transmittance of the system can be gradually increased or gradually decreased according to the change of light.

[0064] The light transmittance of the system will increase as the overlapping degree of the light-absorbing regions gradually increases; conversely, as the overlapping degree of the light-absorbing regions decreases, the overall light-transmitting area of the system gradually decreases, and the light transmittance gradually decreases. Therefore, through this adjusted state, the light transmittance can be dynamically adjusted according to the solar altitude angle and sunlight intensity, and it is suitable for use under changing light conditions. For example, as the light intensity changes during the day or with the change of seasons, the system can gradually adjust the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to solar thermal power generation.

[0065] As can be seen from the above, different overlapping methods will have different effects on the light transmittance of the system, thereby affecting the ratio and efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation. By means of the above overlapping methods, flexible control means are provided for the system, and the energy efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation can be optimized according to different environmental conditions and requirements, so as to achieve the dynamic balance of the system.

[0066] Specifically, according to actual usage requirements, the photovoltaic cell units can be set to rectangular, square, fan-shaped or other shapes. Among them, rectangular photovoltaic cell units are suitable for large-area arrangements and can efficiently capture sunlight. Square photovoltaic cell units have a high arrangement efficiency and can adapt to modular designs. Fan-shaped photovoltaic cell units are suitable for smaller spaces, have better aesthetic effects, and can reduce light reflection losses. For example, Figures 2 to 13 the photovoltaic cell units in Figures 14 to 16 adopt a square structural form, and among them Figure 14 there is no overlapping state between the upper light-absorbing area 3A2 of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the lower light-absorbing area 3B2 of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in Figure 15 and Figure 16 there is a partially overlapping state between the upper light-absorbing area 3A2 of the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell and the lower light-absorbing area 3B2 of the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell in

[0067] Specifically, the rotational adjustment of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell along the horizontal direction on the central axis 1 can be achieved by motor control or mechanical drive, and its rotation range can be ±90°. The rotation of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell can be adjusted according to the change of environmental light conditions, so as to optimize the power output of photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation.

[0068] In this embodiment, the central axis 1 is divided into upper, middle and lower sections. The upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3A is installed on the upper section of the central axis, the lower semi-transparent photovoltaic cell 3B is installed on the middle section of the central axis, and the solar thermal reflector 2 is installed on the lower section of the central axis. Each photovoltaic cell unit in each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is evenly arranged around the central axis of the corresponding section. Then, during the rotational adjustment, each photovoltaic cell unit can rotate around the axis of the central axis 1. The rotational angle of each photovoltaic cell unit in each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell along the horizontal direction can be controlled by driving the central axis of the corresponding section by the first servo motor 4, so as to achieve fine angle adjustment, as shown in Figure 17 . Through the horizontal rotation adjustment of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, the light illumination changes brought by different solar altitude angles can be adapted.

[0069] For example, when the solar altitude angle is at a relatively high angle (close to noon), the light absorption areas of the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can be adjusted to completely overlap, maximizing solar thermal power generation; while when the solar altitude angle is at a relatively low angle (dawn or dusk), the light transmittance can be reduced by adjusting the light absorption areas of the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells to reduce the overlap, increasing the photovoltaic power generation efficiency.

[0070] Specifically, as Figure 18 shown, when each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell is adjusted in angle relative to the horizontal plane, each photovoltaic cell unit can be respectively installed on the first servo 5, and the first servo 5 is installed on the first bracket 6. The adjustment angle of the first servo 5 can be set according to actual usage requirements, and then the incident angle of each photovoltaic cell unit can be adjusted to cope with the change of the illumination angle. This adjustment method is generally used when the solar illumination angle changes greatly or rapid adjustment of the photovoltaic cells is required.

[0071] Among them, by adjusting the angle of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cell, the overlapping state of the light absorption areas of the upper and lower layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can also be adjusted, that is, corresponding to the above-mentioned offset overlapping state adjustment.

[0072] Furthermore, the solar thermal reflector 2 is located at a position close to the bottom of the central axis 1. The solar thermal reflector 2 is made of a material with a high reflectivity, such as aluminum or silver, and can efficiently reflect the infrared light not absorbed by the photovoltaic cells to the collector. The solar thermal reflector 2 includes a plurality of mirror units evenly distributed on the same plane, and each mirror unit can correspond to each photovoltaic cell unit in the upper layer respectively.

[0073] Specifically, the solar thermal reflector 2 can be adjusted in translation position along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the solar thermal reflector 2 can also be adjusted in tilt angle relative to the horizontal plane. By adjusting the position and angle of the solar thermal reflector 2, it can be ensured that the solar thermal reflector 2 has an optimal infrared light reflection path, maximizing the solar thermal conversion efficiency of the collector.

[0074] Among them, by adjusting the tilt angle of the solar thermal reflector 2, the infrared light path it reflects can be directly affected. The tilt angle of the solar thermal reflector 2 needs to be adjusted according to the light transmittance of the upper layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells to ensure that the amount of infrared light reflected to the collector is maximized.

[0075] As Figure 19 shown, each mirror unit can be respectively installed on the second bracket 8 through the second servo 7, and the second bracket 8 is installed on the central axis 1. The tilt angle of each mirror unit is adjusted by the second servo 7, and the tilt angle adjustment range can be set between ±45°.

[0076] When the upper - layer semi - transparent photovoltaic cell is adjusted at an angle relative to the horizontal plane, the angle of the photothermal reflector 2 needs to be adjusted accordingly to maintain the optimal reflection angle, ensuring that the infrared light passing through the semi - transparent photovoltaic cell can be effectively reflected onto the collector.

[0077] Sensors can be used to detect the angle of the photothermal reflector 2 and the reflection condition of the infrared light. Through a feedback control mechanism, the angle of the photothermal reflector 2 can be automatically adjusted to maximize the photothermal efficiency. This automated adjustment method can reduce manual intervention and improve the flexibility and intelligence level of the system.

[0078] Among them, by adjusting the translational position of the photothermal reflector and combining it with the tilt - angle adjustment, the reflection path of the infrared light can be further optimized. By changing the position of the photothermal reflector 2, the reflection area of the infrared light can be controlled to ensure that the photothermal reflector 2 can effectively cover the collector area and make the most of the infrared light.

[0079] The photothermal reflector 2 can be translated horizontally or vertically, and this translation method can work in coordination with the rotation or angle adjustment of the upper - layer semi - transparent photovoltaic cell. For example, when the overall light - transmission area of the system increases, the photothermal reflector can be translated upward or downward to ensure that the reflection area of the infrared light correctly covers the collector.

[0080] Such as Figure 20 shown, a linear drive motor 9 can be installed on the lower - segment central axis, enabling the photothermal reflector 2 to be translated vertically. Such as Figure 17 shown, a second servo motor 11 can be installed on the base 10, and the lower - segment central axis corresponding to the photothermal reflector 2 is installed at the output end of the second servo motor 11, enabling the photothermal reflector 2 to rotate around the axis of the central axis to achieve horizontal translation.

[0081] The system can calculate the optimal position based on the current tilt angle of the photothermal reflector 2 and adjust the position of the photothermal reflector 2. Through the translational adjustment of the photothermal reflector 2, the irradiation position of the infrared light can be more precisely controlled, avoiding over - concentration or over - dispersion of the reflected light of the photothermal reflector 2 and improving the energy absorption efficiency of the collector.

[0082] Thus, by precisely adjusting the tilt angle and position of the photothermal reflector 2, the reflection path of the infrared light can be effectively controlled, and accurate reflection can be achieved for light of different wavelengths, thereby maximizing the photothermal conversion efficiency of the collector. At the same time, the photothermal reflector 2 can work in coordination with the transmittance adjustment of the upper - layer semi - transparent photovoltaic cell to dynamically optimize the balance between photovoltaic and photothermal power generation and improve the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0083] Specifically, the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiments of the present invention further includes a light sensing device and an automatic control system. The light sensing device is used to monitor the intensity and direction of sunlight in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the automatic control system in real time. The automatic control system can adjust and control the state changes between the layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells based on the monitoring data, and adjust and control the position and tilt angle of the photovoltaic-thermal reflector, so as to adjust the energy distribution between photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic-thermal power generation by dynamically adjusting the system transmittance.

[0084] Certainly, the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiments of the present invention can also be provided with a manual adjustment mechanism for manually adjusting the transmittance of each layer of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells according to the user's needs under specific circumstances, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the power generation effect.

[0085] In summary, the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiments of the present invention realizes the dynamic balance between photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic-thermal power generation through the adjustable setting of the transmittance, and provides an efficient and flexible solar energy utilization system. This system can not only adjust the transmittance according to the lighting conditions, but also optimize the power generation efficiency under different lighting intensities and angles. In addition, the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiments of the present invention can also be applied to scenarios such as building integrated photovoltaics and agricultural greenhouses, and has significant application prospects and promotion value.

[0086] The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiments of the present invention, under different lighting intensity conditions (for example, the lighting intensities are 800W / m 2 、1000W / m 2 、1200W / m 2 respectively), the comprehensive energy efficiency is increased by about 15% compared with the traditional fixed-design photovoltaic-thermal coupling system. Specifically, the power output of the photovoltaic part is increased by about 5%, and the heat collection efficiency of the photovoltaic-thermal part is increased by about 10%.

[0087] Through the photovoltaic-thermal reflector according to the embodiments of the present invention, the photovoltaic-thermal heat collection efficiency is increased by about 18%. Especially in a high-temperature environment (for example, when the solar radiation intensity reaches 1200W / m 2 ), the effective reflectivity of infrared light is increased by 22%, effectively improving the temperature stability and photovoltaic-thermal conversion efficiency of the collector.

[0088] Therefore, the umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to the embodiments of the present invention can significantly improve the comprehensive energy efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic-thermal power generation compared with the prior art, while optimizing the spectral selectivity of the photovoltaic-thermal reflector and improving the heat collection efficiency.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system, characterized in that Comprising a central axis, two or more layers of semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, and a layer of photothermal reflector, the photothermal reflector and each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are installed at intervals on the central axis from bottom to top, wherein each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can be rotated and adjusted horizontally on the central axis respectively, and each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells can be adjusted at an angle relative to the horizontal plane; Each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells includes a light-transmitting area and a light-absorbing area arranged alternately. When each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is arranged in alignment from top to bottom, the light-transmitting areas of the upper and lower adjacent layers of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells are arranged alternately; By adjusting the state change of complete overlap, partial overlap, non-overlap, offset overlap or gradual overlap between the light-absorbing area of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing area of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the dynamic adjustment of the system light transmittance is realized.

2. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein When the light-absorbing area of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells completely overlaps with the light-absorbing area of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the light-transmitting area of each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells will not be blocked, so that the system light transmittance is the largest.

3. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that When the light-absorbing area of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells partially overlaps with the light-absorbing area of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the light-transmitting area of each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is partially blocked, so that the system light transmittance is reduced.

4. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein When there is no overlap between the light-absorbing area of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing area of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the light-absorbing area of each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells is in an exposed state, so that the system light transmittance is the smallest.

5. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that When there is an offset overlap between the light-absorbing area of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing area of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, there is a certain angle offset between the light-transmitting area of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-transmitting area of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, which is used to adjust the energy distribution between photothermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation.

6. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that When there is a gradual overlap between the light-absorbing area of the upper layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells and the light-absorbing area of the lower layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells, the gradual increase or decrease of the system light transmittance can be realized, which is used to gradually adjust the ratio of photovoltaic power generation to photothermal power generation.

7. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein, Each layer of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells includes a plurality of photovoltaic cell units evenly distributed on the same plane, and each of the photovoltaic cell units includes a light-transmitting area and a light-absorbing area arranged alternately.

8. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The photothermal reflector includes a plurality of mirror units evenly distributed on the same plane, and each of the mirror units corresponds to each of the photovoltaic cell units in the upper layer respectively.

9. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 1, wherein The photothermal reflector can be adjusted in translational position in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the photothermal reflector can be adjusted in tilt angle relative to the horizontal plane.

10. The umbrella-type adjustable photovoltaic-thermal coupling system according to claim 9, wherein, It further includes a light sensing device and an automatic control system. The light sensing device is used to monitor the intensity and direction of sunlight in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the automatic control system in real time. The automatic control system adjusts and controls the state changes between the semi-transparent photovoltaic cells of each layer based on the monitoring data, and adjusts and controls the position and tilt angle of the solar heat reflector, so as to adjust the energy distribution between photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation by dynamically adjusting the system transmittance.

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