Method for improving ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of degenerated grassland restoration, in particular to a method for improving degenerated desert grassland ecological restoration, which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a degenerated desert grassland with relatively flat terrain and surface soil having mechanical tillage conditions; s2, when continuous rainfall exists from early July to early August and the rainfall is not lower than 20 mm, a no-tillage reseeding machine is adopted for sowing in soil moisture, the sowing time is not later than August 10, the sowing line spacing is 40-50 cm, and the sowing amount is 30-45 kg / hm < 2 >; and S3, enclosing the reseeding area by adopting a fence. In the actual application process, for the degraded grassland, the utilization rate of natural rainfall and the reseeding effect of the degraded grassland are effectively improved by accurately selecting proper grass seeds, adopting professional no-tillage reseeding machinery, scientifically planning grass seed configuration and reasonably setting reseeding density and reseeding time; and the reseeding effects that the damage to the original grassland is small, the seedling protection rate of the degraded grassland is averagely improved by 61.45%, the productivity is averagely improved by 19.5%, and the proportion of high-quality forage grass is increased by 20% or above are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of degraded grassland restoration, and particularly relates to a method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert grassland. Background Art

[0002] Ningxia is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone in the northwest inland of China, belonging to the temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate zone. Desert grassland is the largest type of grassland in the natural grassland area of this region. However, due to past overgrazing, human destruction, and scarce precipitation and other factors, the grassland vegetation in this area has degraded severely, the number of species has decreased, the diversity has decreased, and the ecological environment has become more fragile. In this regard, making efficient use of limited precipitation resources and taking artificial restoration measures are the first choices for grassland vegetation restoration in this area. However, the previous mechanical tillage and reseeding methods have caused great damage to the original grassland, and due to the imperfect key technologies such as the reseeding period and the selection of reseeding grass species, problems such as low emergence rate of grass seeds for grassland restoration, poor adaptability, and unsatisfactory reseeding effects have greatly restricted the achievements of grassland ecological restoration and the results of regional ecological environment construction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert grassland to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert grassland, including the following steps:

[0005] S1. Select a degraded desert grassland with relatively flat terrain and surface soil suitable for mechanical tillage;

[0006] S2. When there is continuous rainfall from the first half of July to the first ten days of August, and the rainfall is not less than 20 mm, use a no-till seeder to plant seeds while seizing the soil moisture. The seeding time should not be later than August 10th, and the seeding row spacing is 40 cm - 50 cm, and the seeding rate is 30 kg / hm 2 -45 kg / hm 2 ;

[0007] S3. Enclose the reseeding area with a fence;

[0008] S4. Check the emergence situation of the seeds in the reseeding area every two days.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, select a grassland with a total vegetation coverage of less than 20%, a coverage of excellent forage grass in the vegetation community of less than 30%, or a biomass accounting for less than 45% of the total biomass.

[0010] Preferably, this method is applicable to areas with a precipitation of 250 - 350 mm.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the overseeding grass seeds are a mixture of Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, Lespedeza dahurica and other forage grasses for overseeding.

[0012] Preferably, after selecting various grass seeds such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, Lespedeza dahurica, etc., use a screening machine to screen the seeds.

[0013] Preferably, the quality of the screened grass seeds should meet the requirements that the germination rate is above 80% and the seed purity is above 85%.

[0014] Preferably, mix the screened grass seeds according to the ratio of 7:3 or 6:4 of Gramineae and Leguminosae, and then pack them into the seed box of the no-till overseeding machine.

[0015] Preferably, carry out moisture-grabbing seeding before rain, and adopt the no-till overseeding mode of deep furrowing and shallow soil covering, so as to form a V-shaped rainwater collection trough on the soil surface to achieve the effect of storing water and preserving soil moisture. This mode can reduce the damage to the original vegetation while effectively improving the utilization rate of rainwater and the emergence rate of overseeding grass seeds.

[0016] A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe proposed by the present invention has the beneficial effects that: in the actual application process of the present invention, for degraded grasslands, by accurately selecting suitable grass seeds, adopting professional no-till overseeding machinery, scientifically planning grass seed configuration, reasonably setting the overseeding density and overseeding time, the utilization rate of natural rainfall and the overseeding effect of degraded grasslands are effectively improved, achieving an overseeding effect of little damage to the original grassland, an average increase of 61.45% in the survival rate of seedlings in the degraded grassland, an average increase of 19.5% in productivity, and an increase of more than 20% in the proportion of high-quality forage grasses. Detailed implementation mode

[0017] The following will further illustrate the present invention in combination with specific embodiments.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] The present invention proposes a method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe, including the following steps:

[0020] S1. Select a degraded desert steppe with relatively flat terrain and the surface soil having mechanical tillage conditions. Selecting a grassland that can be mechanically tilled for restoration can reduce labor intensity and improve productivity. Select a grassland with a total vegetation coverage lower than 20%, a coverage of excellent forage grasses in the vegetation community lower than 30% or its biomass accounting for less than 45% of the total biomass. This method is applicable to areas with a precipitation of 250 mm. After sowing, use natural rainfall to provide necessary moisture for seed germination to ensure the germination rate of seeds and the survival rate of seedlings;

[0021] S2. From the first half to the first ten days of July to the first ten days of August, when there is continuous rainfall and the rainfall is not less than 20 mm, use a no-till reseeding machine to seize the soil moisture for sowing. The sowing time should not be later than August 10th. Complete the sowing before the rain, relying on natural precipitation to provide the required moisture for seed germination, without the need for additional artificial watering of the sowing land, making full use of rainwater resources to ensure a relatively high germination rate of the reseeded grass seeds. Select a no-till reseeding machine for operation, which can avoid tilling the land, reduce the disturbance to the original degraded grassland and the damage to the original vegetation, achieve the purpose of reseeding and restoration, and the sowing row spacing is 40 cm, and the sowing rate is 30 kg / hm 2 ;

[0022] For the reseeded grass seeds, a variety of perennial forages such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica are selected for mixed sowing. The seeds of Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica are all suitable species for desert steppes and are preferred grass seeds for the ecological restoration of desert steppes. After selecting a variety of grass seeds such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica, a screening machine is needed to screen the seeds to remove large and hard impurities in the seeds, especially the long straws mixed in the Agropyron mongolicum seeds, which are extremely likely to block the seed dropping tank of the no-till reseeding machine, thereby affecting the seed dropping amount of reseeding and ultimately affecting the reseeding effect. Through screening treatment, not only can large and hard impurities be avoided from damaging the no-till reseeding machine, but also a solid foundation is laid for the smooth progress of subsequent reseeding operations and the ecological restoration effect;

[0023] The quality of the screened grass seeds should meet the requirements that the germination rate is above 80% and the seed purity is not less than 85%, ensuring the germination rate of the seeds and at the same time ensuring the ecological restoration effect of the degraded grassland. The grass seeds that have been screened and meet the quality requirements are proportioned according to the ratio of 6:4 of Gramineae and Leguminosae and are packed into the seed box of the no-till reseeding machine. This ratio aims to make full use of the symbiotic and complementary characteristics of Gramineae and Leguminosae plants to improve community stability and enhance the restoration effect on the desert steppe ecosystem. Carry out moisture-seizing sowing before the rain and adopt the no-till reseeding mode of deep furrowing and shallow soil covering to form a V-shaped rainwater collection trough on the soil surface to achieve the effect of storing water and preserving soil moisture. This mode reduces the damage to the original vegetation while effectively improving the utilization rate of rainwater and the emergence rate of reseeded grass seeds. In addition, using a water-retaining agent can ensure the moisture content around the seeds after the seeds are sown, and even in the case of insufficient rain, it can improve the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds;

[0024] S3. Enclose the reseeding area with a fence to protect the reseeding area with the fence, preventing people or animals around from trampling on the reseeding area and livestock from eating the seedlings, which may affect the reseeding effect;

[0025] S4. Check the emergence situation of the seeds in the reseeding area every two days.

[0026] In the actual application process of the present invention, for degraded grasslands, by precisely selecting suitable grass species, adopting professional no-till reseeding machinery, scientifically planning the grass species configuration, reasonably setting the reseeding density and reseeding time, the utilization rate of natural rainfall and the reseeding effect of degraded grasslands have been effectively improved, achieving a reseeding effect of causing little damage to the original grassland, increasing the seedling preservation rate of the degraded grassland by 61.12%, increasing the productivity by 19.26%, and increasing the proportion of high-quality forage by more than 20%.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] The present invention proposes a method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert grasslands, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. Select a degraded desert grassland with a relatively flat terrain and surface soil suitable for mechanical tillage. Using a grassland that can be mechanically tilled for restoration can reduce labor intensity and increase productivity. Select a grassland with a total vegetation cover of less than 20%, a good forage cover of less than 30% in the vegetation community, or a biomass accounting for less than 45% of the total biomass. This method is applicable to areas with a precipitation of 280 mm. After sowing, utilize natural precipitation to provide necessary moisture conditions for the germination of grass seeds to ensure the germination rate of seeds and the survival rate of seedlings;

[0030] S2. When there is continuous rainfall from the first to the middle ten days of July to the first ten days of August, and the rainfall is not less than 20 mm, use a no-till reseeding machine to seize the favorable soil moisture for sowing. The sowing time should not be later than August 10th. Sow before the rain, without the need for additional artificial watering of the reseeding land, reducing the cost input for grassland ecological restoration, making full use of rainwater, and ensuring the germination rate of reseeded grass seeds. Select a no-till reseeding machine, without tilling the land, which can reduce the sowing process and also reduce the damage to the original vegetation. Instead of sowing new grass, it achieves the purpose of reseeding, and the sowing row spacing is 45 cm, and the sowing rate is 35 kg / hm 2 ;

[0031] For reseeding grass seeds, a mixture of multiple forage grasses such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica is selected for sowing. Seeds of Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica are all perennial herbs, which are more suitable for the ecological restoration of desert grasslands. After selecting a variety of grass seeds such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica, use a screening machine to screen the seeds to remove large and hard impurities in the seeds, especially to remove impurities such as long straws mixed in the Agropyron mongolicum seeds. When sowing with a no-till reseeding machine, it can avoid large and hard impurities from damaging the no-till reseeding machine, and can ensure that the seeding trough is not blocked, ensuring the seed output;

[0032] The quality of the screened grass seeds should meet the requirements that the germination rate is above 80% and the seed purity is above 85%, ensuring the germination rate of the seeds and the ecological restoration effect of the desert steppe. The screened grass seeds are proportioned at 7:3 according to gramineae and leguminosae and are packed into the seed box of the no-till reseeding machine. Before rain, moisture-preserving seeding is carried out, and the no-till reseeding mode of deep furrowing and shallow soil covering is adopted to form a V-shaped rainwater collection groove on the soil surface to achieve the effect of storing water and preserving moisture. This mode can reduce the damage to the original vegetation while effectively improving the utilization rate of rainwater and the emergence rate of reseeded grass seeds. Using a water-retaining agent can ensure the moisture around the seeds after sowing, and can also improve the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds when rainwater is insufficient;

[0033] S3. Enclose the reseeding area with a fence to protect the reseeding area with the fence and prevent people or animals around from trampling on the reseeding area and grazing on the seedlings of the grass to ensure the reseeding effect;

[0034] S4. Check the emergence of the seeds in the reseeding area every two days.

[0035] In the actual application process of the present invention, for degraded grasslands, by accurately selecting suitable grass seeds, adopting professional no-till reseeding machinery, scientifically planning the grass seed configuration, reasonably setting the reseeding density and reseeding time, the utilization rate of natural rainfall and the reseeding effect of degraded grasslands are effectively improved, achieving a reseeding effect with little damage to the original grassland, a 61.23% increase in the seedling preservation rate of degraded grasslands, a 19.33% increase in productivity, and an increase in the proportion of high-quality forage by more than 20%.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] The present invention provides a method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppes, including the following steps:

[0038] S1. Select a degraded desert steppe with relatively flat terrain and mechanically tillable surface soil. Choosing a grassland that can be mechanically tilled for restoration can reduce the labor intensity and improve productivity. Select a grassland with a total vegetation coverage of less than 20%, a coverage of excellent forage in the vegetation community of less than 30%, or a biomass accounting for less than 45% of the total biomass. This method is applicable to areas with a precipitation of 320 mm. After sowing, use natural precipitation to provide the necessary moisture conditions for the germination of grass seeds to ensure the germination rate of the seeds and the survival rate of the seedlings;

[0039] S2. When there is continuous rainfall from July to early August and the rainfall is not less than 20 mm, use a no-till reseeding machine to plant seeds while seizing the soil moisture. The sowing time should not be later than August 10th, and sow before the rain. There is no need to water the sowing land manually. Make full use of the rainwater to ensure the germination rate of the seeds. Select a no-till reseeding machine, which does not require tilling the land. While reducing the sowing process, it can also ensure that the original vegetation is not damaged, thus achieving the purpose of reseeding. The sowing row spacing is 45 cm, and the sowing rate is 40 kg / hm 2 ;

[0040] For the reseeded grass seeds, a variety of forages such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica are selected for mixed sowing. The seeds of Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica are all perennial herbs, which are more suitable for the ecological restoration of desert steppes. After selecting a variety of grass seeds such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica, use a screening machine to screen the seeds, removing large and hard impurities in the seeds, especially removing the long straws mixed in the Agropyron mongolicum seeds. When sowing with a no-till reseeding machine, it can avoid the blockage of the seed dropping groove by impurities such as straw, affecting the sowing rate, and can also avoid large and hard impurities from damaging the no-till reseeding machine;

[0041] The quality of the screened grass seeds should meet the requirements that the germination rate is above 80% and the seed purity is above 85%, ensuring the germination rate of the seeds and at the same time ensuring the effect of desert steppe ecological restoration. Mix the screened grass seeds according to the ratio of 6:4 of Gramineae and Leguminosae, and pack them into the seed box of the no-till reseeding machine. Carry out moisture-seizing sowing before the rain, and adopt the no-till reseeding mode of deep furrowing and shallow soil covering, so as to form a V-shaped rainwater collection groove on the soil surface, achieving the effect of storing water and preserving soil moisture. This mode reduces the damage to the original vegetation while effectively improving the utilization rate of rainwater and the emergence rate of reseeded grass seeds. Using a water-retaining agent can ensure the moisture around the seeds after the seeds are sown, and can also improve the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds when the rainwater is insufficient;

[0042] S3. Enclose the reseeding area with a fence to protect the reseeding area with the fence, preventing people or animals around from trampling on the reseeding area and livestock from grazing on the seedlings, thus improving the reseeding effect;

[0043] S4. Check the emergence situation of the seeds in the reseeding area every two days.

[0044] In the actual application process of the present invention, for degraded grasslands, by accurately selecting suitable grass seeds, using professional no-till reseeding machinery, scientifically planning the grass seed configuration, reasonably setting the reseeding density and reseeding time, the utilization rate of natural rainfall and the reseeding effect of degraded grasslands are effectively improved, achieving a reseeding effect with little damage to the original grassland, a 61.48% increase in the seedling preservation rate of degraded grasslands, a 19.52% increase in productivity, and an increase in the proportion of high-quality forage by more than 20%.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] The present invention proposes a method for improving ecological restoration of degraded desert grassland, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. Select degraded desert grasslands with relatively flat terrain and surface soil that are suitable for mechanical cultivation. Select grasslands that can be mechanically cultivated for restoration, which can reduce labor intensity and improve productivity. Select grasslands with a total vegetation coverage of less than 20%, a coverage of fine forage grass in the vegetation community of less than 30%, or a biomass of less than 45% of the total biomass. This method is suitable for areas with a precipitation of 350 mm. After sowing, use natural precipitation to provide the necessary moisture conditions for grass seed germination to ensure the germination rate of seeds and the survival rate of seedlings;

[0048] S2. When there is continuous rainfall from early to mid-July to early August with a rainfall of no less than 20 mm, a no-tillage seeding machine is used to sow the seeds in advance. The sowing time should be no later than August 10. Sowing before the rain does not require additional manual watering of the sowing ground, which reduces cost investment, makes full use of rainwater resources, and ensures the germination rate of grass seeds. The no-tillage seeding machine is used, which does not require tilling the land, reduces the sowing process, and can ensure that the original vegetation is not destroyed, achieving the purpose of replanting. The sowing row spacing is 50 cm and the sowing rate is 45 kg / hm2. 2 ;

[0049] The grass seeds for reseeding include Mongolian ice grass, ox-twig sedge, Astragalus astragalus, Lespedeza davurica and other forage grasses for mixed sowing. The seeds of Mongolian ice grass, ox-twig sedge, Astragalus astragalus, Lespedeza davurica and other seeds are perennial herbs and are more suitable for desert grassland ecological restoration. After selecting Mongolian ice grass, ox-twig sedge, Astragalus astragalus, Lespedeza davurica and other grass seeds, the seeds are screened by a screening machine to remove large and hard impurities in the seeds, especially long straw and other impurities mixed in the ice grass seeds. When sowing with a no-till reseeder, it is necessary to avoid clogging the seed trough of the reseeder to affect the sowing amount, and to avoid large and hard impurities from damaging the no-till reseeder;

[0050] The quality of grass seeds after screening must meet the requirements of a germination rate of more than 80% and a seed purity of more than 85%, ensuring the germination rate of seeds and the effect of desert grassland ecological restoration. The screened grass seeds are packed into the seed box of the no-tillage sowing machine according to a 7:3 ratio of Gramineae and Leguminosae, and sowing is carried out before the rain. The no-tillage sowing mode of deep trenching and shallow soil covering is adopted to form a V-shaped rainwater collection trough on the soil surface to achieve the effect of water storage and moisture conservation. This mode effectively improves the utilization rate of rainwater resources and the emergence rate of sowing grass seeds while reducing damage to native vegetation. The use of water retaining agents can ensure moisture around the seeds after sowing, and can also improve the germination rate and survival rate of seeds when rain is insufficient;

[0051] S3. Use a fence to enclose the reseeding area and protect it with the fence to prevent people or animals around from trampling on the reseeding area and livestock from grazing on the seedlings, ensuring the reseeding effect.

[0052] S4. Check the emergence of seeds in the reseeding area every two days.

[0053] In the actual application process of the present invention, for degraded grasslands, by accurately selecting suitable grass seeds, using professional no-till reseeding machinery, scientifically planning grass seed configuration, reasonably setting the reseeding density and reseeding time, the utilization rate of natural rainfall and the reseeding effect of degraded grasslands have been effectively improved, achieving a reseeding effect with little damage to the original grassland, a 61.97% increase in the seedling preservation rate of degraded grasslands, a 19.89% increase in productivity, and an increase in the proportion of high-quality forage by more than 20%.

[0054] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, making equivalent substitutions or changes, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Select a degraded desert steppe with relatively flat terrain and surface soil suitable for mechanical tillage; S2. When there is continuous rainfall from the first and middle ten days of July to the first ten days of August and the rainfall is not less than 20 mm, use a no-till seeder to plant while seizing the soil moisture. The sowing time should not be later than August 10th, and the sowing row spacing is 40 cm - 50 cm, and the seeding rate is 30 kg / hm 2 - 45 kg / hm 2 ; S3. Enclose the reseeding area with a fence; S4. Check the emergence of seeds in the reseeding area every two days.

2. The method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, select a grassland with a total vegetation coverage of less than 20%, a coverage of excellent forage grasses in the vegetation community of less than 30%, or a biomass accounting for less than 45% of the total biomass.

3. A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe according to claim 2, characterized in that This method is applicable to areas with a precipitation of 250 - 350 mm.

4. A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S2, for the reseeding grass seeds, a mixture of various forage grasses such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica is selected for mixed seeding.

5. A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe according to claim 4, characterized in that, After selecting various grass seeds such as Agropyron mongolicum, Lespedeza potaninii, Astragalus adsurgens, and Lespedeza dahurica, use a screening machine to screen the seeds.

6. A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The quality of the screened grass seeds should meet the requirements that the germination rate is above 80% and the seed purity is above 85%.

7. A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe according to claim 5, characterized in that Pack the screened grass seeds into the seed box of the no-till reseeding machine according to the ratio of 7:3 or 6:4 of gramineae and leguminosae.

8. A method for improving the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe according to claim 7, characterized in that, Carry out moisture-catching seeding before rain, and adopt the no-till reseeding mode of deep furrowing and shallow soil covering to form a V-shaped rainwater catchment trough on the soil surface, achieving the effect of storing water and preserving soil moisture. This mode effectively improves the utilization rate of rainwater and the emergence rate of reseeding grass seeds while reducing the damage to the original vegetation.