Planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of high-planting coconuts

Abstract

The invention provides a planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of high-planting coconuts, and relates to the technical field of tropical coconut tree planting. The planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting mainly comprises the steps that sheep manure is used, then a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, an orange peel fermentation extract, sinensetin and boric acid are adopted as nutrient fertilizers for dilution and root irrigation, and then monopotassium phosphate, the orange peel fermentation extract, hydroxyethyl piperazine ethanesulfonic acid and citric acid are adopted as leaf fertilizers for continuous spraying. According to the method, the defects in the prior art are overcome, the high-species coconuts can blossom and bear fruits in the third year of planting, and the planting economic benefits of the high-species coconuts are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tropical coconut tree planting, and particularly relates to a planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tall coconut trees. Background Art

[0002] Coconut is one of the typical tropical characteristic tree species in Hainan Island. It has a planting history of more than 2,300 years in China and is distributed in mountains, by the sea, and villages below 200 meters above sea level across the island. Due to different locations, such as arid areas (Dongfang City and Danzhou City in the western part of Hainan Island), humid areas (Haikou, Qionghai, Lingshui, Sanya City), and low-temperature regions (Wuzhishan City), etc., the growth conditions of coconuts growing in each area are different. Coupled with the tall and straight coconut plants themselves and the large number of leaves, the demand for environmental growth, water, and fertilizer is also very large. Especially during the vegetative growth period of the plant (4 years after being planted in the ground), due to the tropical soil being close to the sea and relatively sandy, and the rainy season being relatively concentrated, due to excessive consumption of soil fertility in the early stage, the situation where the supply capacity of water and fertilizer required during the reproductive growth period is not timely and sufficient often occurs. As a result, the fruits are small, the number of fruits is small, and there are many fruit drops during the growth period. Generally speaking, traditional cultivated tall coconut trees need 6 - 8 years to flower and fruit, and at the same time, the number of fruits in the first 1 - 2 years after just flowering is also relatively small, causing great losses to farmers. The planting in barren and coastal areas will take even longer.

[0003] The long planting period of tall coconut trees seriously affects the economic benefits of actual farmers and also causes relatively high planting costs. Therefore, how to promote the early flowering and fruiting of coconut trees is an important research direction in the current planting of tall coconut trees. The existing treatment methods usually regulate the internal physiological functions of coconuts by applying sufficient chemical fertilizers to meet the conditions for coconut trees to flower and fruit. However, the existing high-water and high-fertilizer planting can only make tall coconut trees show the phenomenon of flowering and fruiting after about five years of planting, and the overall fruiting situation is not good. There is basically no effect on the earlier fruiting of coconut trees. For actual production planting, the input is high and the income is low, and it does not have practical application value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tall coconut trees, which can enable tall coconut trees to flower and fruit in the third year of planting, effectively improving the planting economic benefits of tall coconut trees.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of coconuts, the planting management method includes the following steps: S1. Apply sheep manure fertilizer to coconut trees that are two years old or older (the net pole of a 1-meter coconut tree, with a head diameter of more than 1 meter) at the beginning of the year; S2. Preparation of orange peel fermentation extract: Microwave-dry the orange peel and then crush it. Then, mix it with clear water and raw milk, stir evenly, inoculate Geotrichum candidum and Bacillus subtilis, and ferment for 12 - 24 hours. Then, press and filter, and freeze-dry the filtrate to obtain the orange peel fermentation extract; S3. Prepare the nutrient fertilizer according to the following formula: 40 - 60 g of water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients + 0 - 20 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1 - 3 g of orange peel fermentation extract + 4 - 6 g of sweet orange element + 15 - 22 g of boric acid; S4. Prepare the foliar fertilizer according to the following formula: 3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.8 g of orange peel fermentation extract + 1.3 g of 2 - [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid + 1 g of citric acid; S5. Application of the nutrient fertilizer: Dilute the nutrient fertilizer with 0 potassium dihydrogen phosphate content 800 - 1000 times with water 1 - 2 months after applying the sheep manure fertilizer, and then apply it to the coconut tree by root irrigation for the first time; When applying for the second time, select the nutrient fertilizer containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dilute it 800 - 1000 times with water, and carry out another root irrigation 2 - 3 months after the first application; S6. Spraying of the foliar fertilizer: Dilute the foliar fertilizer 200 - 300 times with water 10 - 15 days after the second root irrigation and spray it on the tree crown and leaves, and spray it once every 20 - 25 days. After the inflorescence appears, spray it once every 15 - 20 days.

[0006] Preferably, the application method of the sheep manure fertilizer in step S1 is to apply it in a circle at a range of 40 ± 5 cm from the root of the coconut tree at 20 - 25 kg per plant at the end of February and the beginning of March, and then cover it with a layer of coconut leaves, leaf stalks and coconut coir as a protective circle.

[0007] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the orange peel fermentation extract in step S2 includes the following steps: S2-1. Microwave-dry the orange peel at a power of 270 W until the water content ≤ 6%, then take it out and crush it to obtain orange peel powder for later use; S2-2. Mix the orange peel powder, clear water and raw milk evenly according to the mass ratio of 4∶11∶1.5, then inoculate 0.2% of Geotrichum candidum based on the total mass of the orange peel powder and 0.1% of Bacillus subtilis based on the total mass of the orange peel powder, and ferment for 20 hours to obtain the fermented material for later use; S2-3. Press and filter the above fermented material, and then freeze-dry the filtrate to obtain the orange peel fermentation extract.

[0008] Preferably, the viable count of Geotrichum candidum and Bacillus subtilis in step S2-2 is 10 8 -10 10 CFU / g.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is a 20-20-20+TE water-soluble fertilizer, that is, the nitrogen content is 20%, the total phosphorus content is 20%, and the total potassium content is 20%. The trace elements include boron, zinc, iron, and manganese.

[0010] Preferably, in step S5, the dosage of the nutrient fertilizer for each root irrigation is 70-100 g per coconut tree.

[0011] Preferably, in step S5, the root irrigation is carried out at dusk without sunlight, and the night temperature on the day of root irrigation is selected to be above 25°C.

[0012] Preferably, in step S6, the dosage of the foliar fertilizer for each coconut tree for each spraying is 15-20 g.

[0013] Preferably, in step S6, each spraying is carried out at 7-8 pm in the evening.

[0014] The present invention provides a planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tall coconut trees. Compared with the prior art, the advantages are as follows: (1) By using sheep manure fertilizer on two-year-old tall coconut trees in the early stage and controlling the application range of sheep manure fertilizer, it can meet the demand of tall coconut trees for organic matter fertilizer without harming the aerial roots, and can slowly release carbon dioxide. After watering thoroughly, it can slowly evaporate, generate humidity, play a role in heat preservation and moisture retention, and facilitate the subsequent application of nutrient fertilizer; (2) The present invention uses a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, orange peel fermentation extract, sweet orange element, and boric acid as a nutrient fertilizer. After dilution, it is used for root irrigation of coconut trees. In addition to effectively supplementing the basic nutrients required for coconut trees to flower and fruit, it can promote coconut trees to flower and fruit earlier. And no potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added during the first root irrigation, but potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added to the nutrient fertilizer during the second root irrigation to prevent the problem of subsequent coconut flower and fruit drop caused by excessive fertilizer. The addition of orange peel fermentation extract and sweet orange element can effectively promote coconut trees to flower and fruit in the third year, improving the planting economic benefits of coconut trees.

[0015] (3) The present invention uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate, orange peel fermentation extract, 2-(N-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid and citric acid as foliar fertilizers, which can effectively promote coconut trees to flower and fruit earlier, prevent early flower and fruit drop of coconut trees, and improve the fruit yield of coconut trees in the early stage. The addition of 2-(N-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-ethanesulfonic acid can promote the absorption of effective substances such as orange peel fermentation extract by leaves, promote the planting effect, and enable tall coconut trees to bear fruit and have a good harvest three years after being planted in the field. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1Growth of Group 1 (right) and Group 5 (left) in August 2024 in Example 1 of the present invention. There are obvious inflorescences on the coconut trees in Group 1 on the right side. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the growth of Group 1 in early March 2025 in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the growth of Group 2 in early March 2025 in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the growth of Group 3 in early March 2025 in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the growth of Group 4 in early March 2025 in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the growth of Group 5 in early March 2025 in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the growth of Group 6 in early March 2025 in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] The preservation number of Geotrichum candidum used in the following examples is CGMCC NO.14633, and the viable count is 10 9 CFU / g; the preservation number of Bacillus subtilis is CDMCC NO.60294, and the viable count is 10 9 CFU / g; the preservation number of yeast is GDMCCNO: 61292, and the viable count is 10 9 CFU / g.

[0019] The water-soluble fertilizer for macronutrients is 20-20-20+TE, purchased from Sichuan Ranbei Chemical Co., Ltd., and the nitrogen content: nitrate nitrogen: 6%, ammonium nitrogen: 14%; total phosphorus content: phosphorus pentoxide 10%, polymeric phosphorus 10%; total potassium content: potassium oxide 20%; trace elements: boron: 0.03%, zinc: 0.03%, iron: 0.01%, manganese: 0.005%.

[0020] Example 1: I. Raw material treatment: 1. Preparation of fermented orange peel extract: 1.1 Preparation of JP-1: The orange peel is microwave-dried at a power of 270 W until the water content is ≤ 6%, and then taken out and crushed to obtain orange peel powder for standby; The orange peel powder, clear water, and raw milk are mixed and stirred evenly according to a mass ratio of 4∶11∶1.5, and then Geotrichum candidum accounting for 0.2% of the total mass of the orange peel powder and Bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.1% of the total mass of the orange peel powder are inoculated, and fermented for 20 h to obtain a fermented material for standby; The filtrate of the above fermented material is freeze-dried after pressing and filtering to obtain the orange peel fermentation extract as JP-1.

[0021] 1.2 Preparation of JP-2: The orange peel, clear water, and raw milk are mixed and ground into a slurry according to a mass ratio of 6∶11∶1.5, and then Geotrichum candidum accounting for 0.2% of the total mass of the orange peel and Bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.1% of the total mass of the orange peel are inoculated, and fermented for 20 h to obtain a fermented material for standby; The filtrate of the above fermented material is freeze-dried after pressing and filtering to obtain the orange peel fermentation extract as JP-2.

[0022] 1.3 Preparation of JP-3: The orange peel is microwave-dried at a power of 270 W until the water content is ≤ 6%, and then taken out and crushed to obtain orange peel powder for standby; The orange peel powder, clear water, and raw milk are mixed and stirred evenly according to a mass ratio of 4∶11∶1.5, and then Saccharomyces cerevisiae accounting for 0.2% of the total mass of the orange peel powder and Bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.1% of the total mass of the orange peel powder are inoculated, and fermented for 20 h to obtain a fermented material for standby; The filtrate of the above fermented material is freeze-dried after pressing and filtering to obtain the orange peel fermentation extract as JP-3.

[0023] 2. Preparation of nutrient fertilizer: Refer to Table 1 below to prepare different nutrient fertilizers: Table 1

[0024] 3. Preparation of foliar fertilizer: Refer to Table 2 below to prepare different foliar fertilizers: Table 2

[0025] II. Planting experiment: 1. Test plot: Fengmenling Tall Coconut Planting Base, Xinlong Town, Dongfang City, Hainan Province; 2. Experimental materials: Two-year-old tall coconut trees, with a net pole height of more than 1 m, having a gourd head, a breast diameter of more than 60 cm, having more than 17 evergreen leaves, the leaves hanging naturally, and having single-row aerial roots at the tree head. The spacing is 7.5 m × 8 m, with a total of 120 trees, evenly divided into 12 rows, with two rows as a group and 20 trees in a group; 3. Experimental treatment: 3.1 On February 20, 2024, apply sheep manure fertilizer in a circular shape around each coconut tree at a rate of 22.5 ± 2.5 kg per tree. The sheep manure fertilizer is applied within a range of 40 ± 5 cm from the tree roots. Then, cover the sheep manure fertilizer with a layer of coconut leaves, petioles, and coir, and thoroughly water it. 3.2 In the evening of March 31, 2024, dilute the first nutrient fertilizer by 800 times and then perform root irrigation, with a fertilization amount of 100 g of the first nutrient fertilizer per tree. Then, on June 12, dilute the second nutrient fertilizer by 1000 times and perform root irrigation, with a fertilization amount of 70 g of the first nutrient fertilizer per tree. 3.3 On the evening of June 24, 2024, from 7 to 8 o'clock, spray the foliar fertilizer diluted 250 times with water on the tree crown and leaves. The spraying amount is 17.5 ± 2.5 g of the foliar fertilizer per tree. Then, spray it once every 20 - 25 days until flower spikes appear, and then adjust to spray once every 15 - 20 days (choose a sunny evening for spraying). The selection of the first nutrient fertilizer, the second nutrient fertilizer, and the foliar fertilizer for each group of coconut trees is as shown in Table 3 below: Table 3

[0026] Observe and record the flowering and fruiting conditions of each group of coconut trees in July, September, and November 2024. See Table 4 below for details: Table 4

[0027] During the actual observation, the growth conditions of Group 1 and Group 5 in August 2024 are as Figure 1 shown. The coconut trees on the right side are from Group 1, and it can be clearly seen that there are flowering spikes in the red frame in the figure. While the coconut trees on the left side are from Group 5, and there are no flower spikes growing.

[0028] Since the overall large - fruit fruiting conditions of Group 1 and Group 5, which had better flowering and fruiting conditions before the end of 2024, were not ideal either. However, observing the growth conditions of the newly - emerging flower spikes later, they were better than the initial flower spikes. Therefore, on March 10, 2025, the fruiting and fruit - dropping situations of each group were counted (the fruit - dropping is based on the number of fallen fruits under each single tree, and the fallen fruits under each coconut tree were cleared once at the end of December 2024, and only the fruit - dropping numbers starting from 2025 were counted). The specific results are as shown in Table 5 below: Table 5

[0029] As can be seen from the above table, the coconut trees in Group 1 have a higher fruit - setting rate and a lower number of fruit - dropping. Generally speaking, they can achieve early flowering and early fruiting of coconut trees, improve the early high - yield of tall - variety coconuts, and the experimental observations in February and March 2025 are asFigures 2 - 5 as shown, where Figure 2 is the result of Group 1 in March of the 25th year. It can be seen that there are coconuts of different specifications, large and small, in Group 1, indicating that new inflorescences are produced at different stages and new coconuts are growing; Figure 3 is the growth status of Group 2 of coconuts. The overall fruit setting situation is slightly worse than that of Group 1, and there are more fallen fruits, but new inflorescences continue to grow; Figure 4 is the growth status of Group 3 of coconuts. The fruit setting is low. Although the number of fallen fruits is small, the overall fruit-bearing situation is poor; Figure 5 is the growth status of Group 4 of coconuts. The overall fruit setting is less than that of Group 1 and Group 2, and the growth status of the coconuts is also poor; Figure 6 is the growth status of the coconut trees in Group 5. There are no inflorescences and fruits overall; Figure 7 is the growth status of Group 6 of coconuts. The overall number of coconuts is large, but the number of newly developed inflorescences is small, and the overall follow-up is insufficient.

[0030] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting management method for promoting early flowering and fruiting of tall coconut palms, characterized in that, The described planting management method includes the following steps: S1. Apply sheep manure fertilizer to tall coconut trees that are two years old or older at the beginning of the year; S2. Prepare orange peel fermentation extract: Microwave-dry the orange peel and then crush it. Then mix it with clear water and raw milk, stir evenly, inoculate Geotrichum candidum and Bacillus subtilis, ferment for 12 - 24 hours, then press and filter, and freeze-dry the filtrate to obtain the orange peel fermentation extract; S3. Configure nutrient fertilizer according to the following formula: 40 - 60 g of water-soluble fertilizer with macronutrients + 0 - 20 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1 - 3 g of orange peel fermentation extract + 4 - 6 g of sweet orange element + 15 - 22 g of boric acid; S4. Configure foliar fertilizer according to the following formula: 3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.8 g of orange peel fermentation extract + 1.3 g of 2 - [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid + 1 g of citric acid; S5. Application of nutrient fertilizer: Dilute the nutrient fertilizer with 0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 800 - 1000 times with water 1 - 2 months after applying the sheep manure fertilizer, and then conduct the first root irrigation on the coconut tree. When applying for the second time, select the nutrient fertilizer containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dilute it 800 - 1000 times with water, and conduct another root irrigation 2 - 3 months after the first application; S6. Spraying of foliar fertilizer: Dilute the foliar fertilizer 200 - 300 times with water 10 - 15 days after the second root irrigation and spray it on the tree crown and leaves, and spray it once every 20 - 25 days. After the inflorescence appears, spray it once every 15 - 20 days.

2. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the application method of the sheep manure fertilizer is to apply it in a circle at a range of 40 ± 5 cm from the root of the coconut tree at 20 - 25 kg per plant at the end of February and the beginning of March, and then cover a layer of coconut leaves, leaf stalks and coconut coir as a protection circle.

3. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the orange peel fermentation extract in step S2 includes the following steps: S2 - 1. Microwave-dry the orange peel at a power of 270 W until the water content ≤ 6%, then take it out and crush it to obtain orange peel powder for standby; S2 - 2. Mix the orange peel powder, clear water and raw milk evenly according to the mass ratio of 4∶11∶1.5, then inoculate 0.2% of Geotrichum candidum based on the total mass of the orange peel powder and 0.1% of Bacillus subtilis based on the total mass of the orange peel powder, and ferment for 20 hours to obtain the fermented material for standby; S2 - 3. Press and filter the above fermented material, and then freeze-dry the filtrate to obtain the orange peel fermentation extract.

4. The planting management method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The viable counts of Geotrichum candidum and Bacillus subtilis in the step S2-2 are 10 8 -10 10 CFU / g.

5. The planting management method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, the water-soluble fertilizer with macronutrients is 20 - 20 - 20 + TE water-soluble fertilizer, that is, the nitrogen content is 20%, the total phosphorus content is 20%, the total potassium content is 20%, and the trace elements include boron, zinc, iron and manganese.

6. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the dosage of the nutrient fertilizer for each root irrigation is 70 - 100 g per coconut tree.

7. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the root irrigation is selected to be carried out when there is no sunlight in the evening, and the night temperature on the day of root irrigation is selected to be above 25 °C.

8. The planting management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the dosage of the foliar fertilizer for each spraying is 15 - 20 g per coconut tree.

9. The planting management method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S6, the time for each spraying is selected to be carried out at 7 - 8 pm in the evening.

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