Medical flat head drill and drilling method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a medical flat head drill and a drilling method.The medical flat head drill comprises a drill bit body, a groove cavity is formed in the end of one side of the drill bit body, and one opposite side of the groove cavity penetrates through the side face of the drill bit body to form two drilling tool bodies which are oppositely arranged; a first cutting structure and a second cutting structure are arranged on the inner sides of the tail ends of the two drilling tool bodies correspondingly and are in central symmetry, and the drill bit body rotates to drive the drilling tool bodies to rotate around the axis of the drill bit body. The detection assembly is connected with the drilling tool body and used for detecting changes of working parameters of the drilling tool body; the controller is connected with the detection assembly, receives the corresponding sudden change signals and stops rotation of the drill bit body, the medical flat head drill can efficiently and smoothly drill into a to-be-drilled part and cut the to-be-drilled part, the moment before a drilled hole penetrates can be detected in time, stopping and retracting are achieved, and the medical flat head drill has the advantages of being simple in structure and easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly to a medical flat drill and a drilling method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of neurosurgery, skull or spinal drilling surgery is a very common operation. At present, most neurosurgeons usually use a twist drill with a pointed tip for manual drilling when performing such surgeries. The doctor needs to manually push the rotating twist drill towards the skull or spine and quickly retract the drill bit when the tactile sensation of the thrust decreases to avoid excessive penetration of the drill bit and thus damage to the brain or spine. During the operation, the penetration depth of the drill bit must be strictly controlled within the meninges of the brain and spine. Ideally, the doctor should stop drilling in time before the drill bit penetrates the bone. However, in actual operation, neurosurgeons often encounter the situation where the drill bit fails to retract quickly after penetrating the bone, which is called "drill bit plunge", and it may cause irreversible damage to the brain or the nerves under the bone.

[0003] The brain and spinal nerves are extremely fragile during the operation and are only protected by two layers of pia mater and arachnoid mater on the outside. For humans, the thickness of the dura mater is about 0.56 mm in the skull and about 0.30 mm in the spine; the thickness of the pia mater is about 0.005 mm in the skull and about 0.008 - 0.015 mm in the spine; the thickness of the arachnoid mater is about 0.034 - 0.069 mm in the skull and about 0.035 - 0.040 mm in the spine. These three structures, the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater, together form the meninges. The average thickness of the human meninges is 0.71 mm, ranging from 0.3 to 1.3 mm.

[0004] At present, the skull / spinal drilling surgical tool widely used clinically is a twist drill with a drill bit tip angle of 118° and a diameter of 5.2 mm. Although the tip design of this twist drill is beneficial for centering at the beginning of drilling, after completing the bone drilling, the drill bit will leave a protruding part with a height of about 1.5 mm, which is much greater than the thickness of the meninges. In addition, the sharp tip will reduce the doctor's tactile sensitivity when the bone is penetrated. When the drill bit penetrates the bottom surface of the bone, the contact area between the drill bit and the bone will gradually decrease, and the thrust will also gradually decrease. In this case, it is very difficult for the doctor to retract the drill bit in time only by tactilely perceiving the change in force. This insensitivity to the decrease in force makes it extremely challenging to retract the drill bit in time in practice, and a certain degree of "drill bit plunge" seems inevitable. The results of a survey of 304 neurosurgeons in the UK and Ireland showed that 65.6% of the doctors had experienced "drill bit plunge", and 22.3% of the doctors had experienced "drill bit plunge" at least twice.

[0005] To reduce the occurrence of drill-through problems, the prior art has proposed implementing mechanical braking to automatically disengage the drill bit from rotation and retract the drill bit. For example, a classic mechanical braking device is a cranial perforator with a cam lug clutch mechanism. This device uses a dual-drill design, with a larger outer drill and a smaller inner drill. When the perforating drill no longer encounters bone resistance, its drive mechanism will deactivate and automatically stop the feed and rotation of the drill bit, thereby reducing the risk of sinking. However, the momentum generated by the forward movement of the drill bit will still bring the drill bit into the brain or spine. Clinical studies have shown that this clutch perforator cannot stop in some cases. Between January 2005 and August 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received more than 300 reports of failures to separate in automatic clutch devices, resulting in more than 200 people being injured. A recent retrospective study still reported an incidence rate of 0.5%. Due to the dual-drill design and the need to install a clutch device internally, the outer diameter of this automatic stop bone drilling device is relatively large (about 14 mm), so it is not suitable for spinal surgery and minimally invasive surgery. Another automatic retraction device for cranial drilling is based on a dynamic bistable mechanism. The mechanical linkage supports the drill bit with a thrust force for drilling and retracts the drill bit into the sheath when the thrust force decreases. However, the retraction of this drill bit occurs after penetration, and an average penetration distance of 1.22 mm still occurs, while some test results show that a penetration of more than 2 mm is not desirable.

[0006] It can be seen that the current methods for controlling the "drill bit plunge" problem of twist drills mainly lie in reducing the thrust force and temperature rise and improving the centering ability, which still cannot accurately avoid the problem of "drill bit plunge". Summary of the Invention

[0007] One object of the present invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a medical flat drill, which can efficiently and smoothly drill into the part to be drilled and perform cutting, can timely detect the moment before drilling penetration and achieve stopping and retracting, and has the advantages of simple structure and easy operation.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a drilling method.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A drill bit body, a cavity is provided at one end of the drill bit body, one opposite side of the cavity penetrates through the side surface of the drill bit body to form two relatively arranged drill knife bodies, a first cutting structure and a second cutting structure are respectively provided inside the ends of the two drill knife bodies, and the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure are centrosymmetric; when the drill bit body drives the drill knife body to rotate around the axis of the drill bit body by rotation, the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure layer by layer cut the part to be drilled; A detection component, connected to the drill knife body, for collecting the working parameters of the drill knife body; A controller, connected to the detection component. When the first cutting structure and / or the second cutting structure are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the working parameters of the drill body change suddenly. The controller, based on the mutation signal of the working parameters of the drill body, stops the rotation of the drill bit body.

[0010] In some embodiments, both the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure include a first cutting surface for contacting the surface of the part to be drilled. One end of the first cutting surface extends towards the center of the cavity to form a first cutting edge. The first cutting edge extends obliquely away from the first cutting surface to form a second cutting surface. The inclined edge of the second cutting surface is a second cutting edge, and the second cutting edge extends towards the first cutting surface to form a third cutting surface.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first cutting surface on the first cutting structure and the second cutting surface on the second cutting structure extend along the circumference of the same circle.

[0012] In some embodiments, it further includes an internal cooling hole provided at the sealed end of the cavity for injecting a cooling medium.

[0013] In some embodiments, it further includes a vacuum suction head. During use, the vacuum suction head is close to the drill body for sucking the waste generated by drilling.

[0014] In some embodiments, it further includes a camera and a vision light. The vision light is provided on the camera. During use, the camera points to the drill body.

[0015] In some embodiments, the material of the drill bit body is one or a combination of two or more of medical stainless steel, titanium alloy, ceramic material, high carbon steel, cemented carbide, amorphous alloy, and diamond coating material.

[0016] In some embodiments, the detection component is a current detector. The drill bit body is connected to a motor, and the motor drives the drill bit body to rotate to drive the drill body to rotate. The controller is connected to the motor. The working parameter of the drill body is the current of the motor. When the first cutting structure and / or the second cutting structure are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the current of the motor changes suddenly. The controller, based on the current mutation signal, stops the motor to stop the rotation of the drill bit body.

[0017] In some embodiments, the detection component is a force detector, and the operating parameters of the drill bit body are the force and torque of the drill bit body. When the first cutting structure and / or the second cutting structure are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the force and torque of the drill bit body change suddenly. The controller stops the rotation of the drill bit body according to the force and torque mutation signals.

[0018] Advantages of a medical flat drill of the present invention: (1) In the medical flat drill of the present invention, due to the provision of two relatively arranged drill bit bodies, and the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure that are centrosymmetrically arranged on the two drill bit bodies respectively, when the drill bit body rotates one circle, it can drive the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure to cut a plane layer by layer. Layer-by-layer cutting will cut out a "bone ring" parallel to the flat bottom on the bone at the part to be drilled, making the cutting plane always parallel to the surface. When the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure approach the bottom of the bone, a thin annular bone pad will be generated. The annular bone pad will deform or break under pressure, resulting in obvious changes in the force and torque of the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure, that is, a sudden change in force and torque. Using the change in force and torque as a signal to stop and retract the drill bit, the controller controls the drill bit body to stop feeding and retract. At this time, the remaining annular bone pad is taken out with tools such as tweezers, effectively avoiding the contact between the drill bit and the tissue, thereby reducing the mechanical and thermal damage to the bone tissue and brain tissue during the drilling process.

[0019] (2) In the medical flat drill of the present invention, due to the provision of a cavity, if the drill bit body does not completely penetrate the bone at the part to be drilled, a pile will be generated at the end of the drilling, and a thin bone layer will be left at the bottom of the hole, enabling the pile to be pushed to mechanically break the remaining thin gasket without generating any heat. It is an ideal method for bone drilling in other heat-sensitive areas beside the spine or nerves. Compared with the traditional twist drill, it not only reduces the chips generated during the drilling process, but also generates less cutting heat, reducing the secondary damage to the patient during the operation.

[0020] (3) The medical flat drill of the present invention is more sensitive to mechanical changes when about to cut into soft tissues compared to the traditional twist drill. It not only greatly reduces the error rate of sensor judgment, enabling better control of the cutting depth, thereby protecting the patient and reducing secondary damage.

[0021] To achieve the second above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: Provide a drilling method using the above-mentioned medical flat drill, including the following steps: Bring the drill bit body into contact with the part to be drilled, rotate the drill bit body to drive the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure to rotate and cut the part to be drilled layer by layer; The detection component obtains the working parameters in the drill bit body in real time and transmits them to the controller. When the controller determines that the change value of the obtained working parameters reaches the threshold, it indicates that the first cutting structure and the first cutting structure are about to drill through the part to be drilled. The controller stops the rotation of the drill bit body. At this time, there is a remaining thin gasket at the part to be drilled. After removing the drill bit body, clamp the thin gasket to complete the drilling.

[0022] Advantages of a drilling method of the present invention: In the drilling method of the present invention, first, drill a hole in the part to be drilled with the above-mentioned medical flat drill until a relatively thin annular bone pad remains. The annular bone pad will deform or break under pressure, resulting in obvious changes in the force and torque of the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure. Therefore, a sudden change signal of force and torque is generated. At this time, stop the drill bit body according to this signal, and then take out the remaining annular bone pad, effectively avoiding the problem that the drill bit body drills through and damages the tissue under the bone pad. Description of the drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is the first visual structure schematic diagram of the medical flat drill in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is the first visual structure schematic diagram of the medical flat drill in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is the first visual structure schematic diagram of the medical flat drill in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is the working state diagram of the medical flat drill in the embodiment of the present invention and other components.

[0027] Figure 5 It is the working state schematic diagram of the medical flat drill of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is the picture of the medical flat drill of the present invention.

[0029] Reference signs 1. Drill bit body; 2. Groove cavity; 3. Drill bit body; 4. First cutting structure; 5. Second cutting structure; 6. Detection component; 7. Controller; 8. First tool face; 9. First cutting edge; 10. Second tool face; 11. Second cutting edge; 12. Third tool face; 13. Internal cooling hole; 14. Vacuum suction head; 15. Camera; 16. Vision lamp; 17. Data collector. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be more thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0031] The terms used in the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" used in the present invention and the appended claims are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used in the present invention to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0033] Embodiment 1 The medical flat drill disclosed in this embodiment Figures 1 to 6 As shown, it includes: A drill bit body 1, a groove cavity 2 is opened at one end of the drill bit body 1, one opposite side of the groove cavity 2 penetrates through the side surface of the drill bit body 1 to form two relatively arranged drill blade bodies 3, and a first cutting structure 4 and a second cutting structure 5 are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the ends of the two drill blade bodies 3, and the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 are centrosymmetric. The groove cavity 2 is opened at one end of the drill bit body 1 and one opposite side penetrates through the side surface of the drill bit body 1, so that two outwardly extending drill blade bodies 3 can be formed, and a first cutting structure 4 and a second cutting structure 5 are respectively arranged on the inner sides (towards the inside of the groove cavity 2) of the ends of the two drill blade bodies 3.

[0034] The drill bit body 1 rotates to drive the drill blade body 3 to rotate around the axis of the drill bit body 1, and the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 cut the part to be drilled layer by layer.

[0035] Since the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 are centrosymmetric, during the rotation of the drill bit body 1, the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 cut the bone to be cut along the rotation direction, achieving the drilling function.

[0036] The detection component 6 is connected to the drill cutter body 3 and is used to collect the changes in the working parameters of the drill cutter body 3. When the drill cutter body 3 is almost drilling through the bone to be drilled, the thickness of the remaining bone part will be very small, and problems such as cracks will occur. At this time, the force on the drill cutter body 3 will change, resulting in changes in the working parameters reflected by the drill cutter body 3. Taking this change signal as an instruction, The controller 7 is connected to the detection component 6. When the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the working parameters of the drill cutter body 3 change suddenly. The controller 7 receives the corresponding sudden change signal, and the controller 7 stops the rotation of the drill bit body 1.

[0037] Taking the change signal generated by the above drill cutter body 3 as an instruction and transmitting it to the controller 7. After the data collector in the controller 7 receives this instruction, it controls the rotation of the drill bit body 1, thereby stopping the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5, enabling the cutting of the part to be drilled to stop, and avoiding the problem of damaged tissues due to the part to be drilled being drilled through. The staff can stop it independently through the force data displayed on the screen or use the controller 7 to stop it, thereby maximizing the protection of the integrity of the patient's soft tissues.

[0038] Specifically, the controller 7 includes a data collector 17. Its principle is that when the drill cutter body 3 penetrates the cortical bone and enters the soft tissue, the stiffness difference between the bone and the soft tissue will cause the contact force to drop or change suddenly. At this time, the sensor transmits the signal to the control system, triggering the motor to stop rotating. This technology predicts the critical point through a pre-established mechanical model (such as the relationship model between bone density and drilling force based on CT images) and dynamically adjusts the feed speed of the drill bit to avoid damaging the soft tissue due to the sudden change in force at the breakthrough moment.

[0039] In this embodiment, Both the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 include a first cutting surface 8 for contacting the surface of the part to be drilled. One side end of the first cutting surface 8 extends towards the center of the cavity 2 to form a first cutting edge 9. The first cutting edge 9 extends obliquely in a direction away from the first cutting surface 8 to form a second cutting surface 10. The inclined edge of the second cutting surface 10 is a second cutting edge 11. The second cutting edge 11 extends towards the first cutting surface 8 to form a third cutting surface 12.

[0040] The first flank 8 serves as the outer end face of the cutting structure. The first flank 8 contacts the bone at the part to be drilled to play a positioning role. The first cutting edge 9 and the second cutting edge 11 play a cutting role during the rotation of the drill bit body 1. The function of the first cutting edge 9 is to directly remove the workpiece material to form chips, and to affect the cutting force, cutting heat, and machining quality. Its angle determines the distribution of the cutting component forces, affects the tool life and the workpiece rigidity matching. The flat tip formed by the first cutting edge 9 has high sensitivity during penetration.

[0041] The second flank 10 and the third flank 12 guide and remove the cutting waste. Moreover, since the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 are centrosymmetric, during the rotation of the drill bit body 1, the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 can be driven to rotate along the central axis, so as to cut out a region with a fixed shape. Finally, a relatively thin bone pad can be obtained and clamped by clamping.

[0042] The function of the second flank 10 is to guide the chip to flow out, reduce the cutting resistance, and affect the cutting temperature and surface quality. An included angle α is formed between the second flank 10 and the first flank 8, and an included angle β is formed between the second flank 10 and the third flank 12. The included angle α and the included angle β will affect the cutting force, chip morphology, and tool life, thus affecting the machining effect. Among them, smaller included angles α and β will have better cutting performance, but at the same time, the strength will decrease correspondingly as the angle becomes smaller.

[0043] The function of the first flank 8 is to reduce the friction between the tool and the machined surface of the workpiece, reduce the cutting heat and tool wear, so as to improve the machining surface quality. The included angle θ between the first flank 8 and the horizontal plane is 0~45°, which is the clearance angle in a traditional turning tool. The size of its clearance angle affects the tool durability and cutting stability, and needs to be reasonably selected according to the machining material. The included angle θ allows the tool tip to contact the workpiece to be cut first, thus reducing the friction between the first flank 8 and the workpiece to be machined, and reducing the thermal damage and mechanical damage.

[0044] The function of the third flank 12 is to reduce the friction between the tool and the workpiece, reduce the cutting heat and surface roughness, so as to improve the machining quality.

[0045] The included angle µ between the first cutting edge 9 and the vertical direction affects the length of the cutting edge.

[0046] The function of the second cutting edge 11 is to affect the surface finish of the workpiece, and assist in controlling the cutting force to reduce the load on the main cutting edge. Its angle affects the roughness and burr situation of the machining surface.

[0047] The number of cutting edges of the first cutting edge 9 and the second cutting edge 11 is not only 2, but can also be 2 / 3 / 4 or even more to meet different actual application requirements.

[0048] In this embodiment, The first cutting surface 8 on the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting surface 10 on the second cutting structure 5 extend along the circumference of the same circle.

[0049] By controlling and setting the first cutting surface 8 and the second cutting surface 10 on the same circle circumference, a circular shape can be cut during the cutting process, so as to achieve the effect of cylindrical drilling.

[0050] In this embodiment, It further includes an internal cooling hole 13, and the internal cooling hole 13 is arranged at the sealed end of the groove cavity 2 for injecting a cooling medium.

[0051] Due to the internal cooling hole 13 in the center, a small cylinder will be generated during processing. The third cutting surface 12 arranged above can also reduce the lateral jitter of the small cylinder, thereby reducing the secondary damage caused by vibration.

[0052] The internal cooling hole 13 is used to spray out the cooling medium to avoid the problem of overheating during the cutting process. Therefore, the internal cooling hole 13 can use coolant to cool the flat drill. Compared with the traditional twist drill, there is more cooling medium and cooling space to cool the drill bit.

[0053] The internal cooling hole 13 can also be used as an irrigation channel to convey brine for cooling and lubrication, and remove debris to increase the visibility of the bottom surface during bone drilling.

[0054] In this embodiment, It further includes a vacuum suction head 14, and the vacuum suction head 14 points to the drill bit body 3 for sucking the waste generated during drilling.

[0055] During the drilling process, it is inevitable to generate a large amount of waste chips and waste liquid. Using the vacuum suction head 14 can timely suck out the waste chips and waste liquid to ensure the smooth progress of drilling.

[0056] The function of the vacuum suction head 14 is that during the operation, the vacuum suction head 14 is used to remove bone chips and blood, keep the surgical field clear, and improve the surgical precision. At the same time, it can reduce heat accumulation, reduce tissue damage, and reduce the risk of infection. In some surgeries, it can also be used to recover bone chips for bone grafting.

[0057] The materials of the vacuum suction head 14 include but are not limited to stainless steel, medical plastics, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, etc. The specific selection depends on durability, disinfection methods, and surgical needs. The working principle of the vacuum suction head 14 is to form an air flow through a negative pressure suction system to suck bone chips and liquid into the collection device. The negative pressure is provided by an electric or pneumatic pump, and continuous or pulsed suction is used to ensure efficient cleaning while reducing tissue damage.

[0058] In this embodiment, It also includes a camera 15 and a vision light 16. The camera 15 points to the drill bit body 3, and the vision light 16 is provided on the camera 15.

[0059] The camera 15 is used to monitor the progress of the drilling process, and the vision light 16 facilitates the camera 15 to observe more accurately.

[0060] The function of the camera 15 is to capture the surgical area in real time and transmit high-definition images to assist the doctor in accurately observing the bone structure and the operation path. Its principle is to collect light through an optical lens, convert the optical signal into an electrical signal by a sensor, and then display it after enhancing the contrast and resolution through an image processing unit.

[0061] The function of the vision light 16 is to provide high-brightness, shadowless and uniform illumination to ensure that the color of the surgical area is real and there is no visual interference. Its principle is to form a composite light source by arranging multiple groups of LEDs in a ring, use the superposition of light rays to eliminate the umbra, and match with cold light reflection technology to reduce heat radiation.

[0062] Further, the vision light 16 includes but is not limited to halogen lamps, LED lamps, etc.

[0063] In this embodiment, The material of the drill bit body 1 is one or a combination of two or more of medical stainless steel, titanium alloy, ceramic material, high carbon steel, cemented carbide, amorphous alloy, and diamond coating material.

[0064] Specifically, the materials used include but are not limited to medical stainless steel (such as 304, 316L, 3Cr13), titanium alloy, ceramic materials (aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride), high carbon steel, cemented carbide (tungsten carbide-based), amorphous alloy, and diamond coating materials and other medical tool materials.

[0065] In this embodiment, The detection component 6 is a current detector. The drill bit body 1 is connected to a motor, and the motor drives the drill bit body 1 to rotate so as to drive the drill bit body 3 to rotate. The current detector is connected to the motor. The working parameter of the drill bit body 3 is the current of the motor. When the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the current of the motor mutates. The controller 7 receives the current mutation signal, and the controller 7 stops the rotation of the drill bit body 1.

[0066] When the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the remaining bone of the part to be drilled at this time is a relatively thin bone pad. At this time, the force on the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 is small, and the current of the motor driving the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 changes suddenly. The controller 7 receives the current mutation signal, and the controller 7 stops the rotation of the drill bit body 1.

[0067] The above flat drill can efficiently and smoothly drill into the bone and perform cutting. It has a more obvious "drill bit drop", that is, a more obvious change in the motor current compared with the traditional twist drill, and can well detect the moment before penetration. It can be stopped and retracted through electronic monitoring and control, and has an internal cooling hole 13 for cooling, a vacuum suction head 14 for sucking out chips, and a vision lamp 16 cooperating with a camera 15 to provide a good vision for drilling.

[0068] Embodiment 2 To further disclose the implementation functions of the detection component 6, this embodiment also discloses that the detection component 6 can also be a force detector. The working parameters of the drill bit body 3 are the force and torque of the drill bit body 3. When the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the force and torque of the drill bit body 3 change suddenly. The controller 7 receives the force and torque mutation signal, and the controller 7 stops the rotation of the drill bit body 1.

[0069] When the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 are about to drill through the part to be drilled, the remaining bone of the part to be drilled at this time is a relatively thin bone pad. At this time, the force on the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 is small, and the force and torque driving the first cutting structure 4 and / or the second cutting structure 5 change suddenly. The controller 7 receives the mutation signal of the force and torque, and the controller 7 stops the rotation of the drill bit body 1. The above flat drill can efficiently and smoothly drill into the bone and perform cutting. It has a more obvious "drill bit drop", that is, a more obvious change in force and moment compared with the traditional twist drill, and can well detect the moment before penetration. It can be stopped and retracted through electronic monitoring and control, and has an internal cooling hole 13 for cooling, a vacuum suction head 14 for sucking out chips, and a vision lamp 16 cooperating with a camera 15 to provide a good vision for drilling.

[0070] Embodiment 3 This embodiment discloses a drilling method, using the medical flat drill described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: Bring the drill bit body 3 into contact with the position to be drilled, rotate the drill bit body 1, drive the first cutting structure 4 and the second cutting structure 5 to rotate and cut the position to be drilled layer by layer. The detection component 6 obtains the change value of the working parameters in the drill bit body 3 in real time and transmits it to the controller 7. When the obtained change value of the working parameters reaches the threshold, it indicates that the first cutting structure 4 and the first cutting structure 4 are about to drill through the part to be drilled. The controller 7 stops the rotation of the drill bit body 1. At this time, a thin gasket remains in the part to be drilled. After removing the main body of the drill bit body 3, the thin gasket is clamped to complete the drilling.

[0071] Specifically, the first step is that the flat drill is driven by an external actuator to cut into the bone and continue drilling. Due to the design of the tool structure, for each revolution of the drill bit, a "bone ring" parallel to the flat bottom will be cut out on the bone, making the cutting plane always parallel to the surface. During cutting, the doctor observes the field of view through the camera 15 and sucks away the chips through the vacuum chuck 14. The second step is that when the bottom of the flat drill approaches the bone end, by real-time monitoring of the sudden changes in force and torque, the doctor or the supporting mechanical device is guided to stop the feed of the drill bit and retract it. When the drill tip approaches the bottom of the bone, a thin annular bone pad will be generated. The annular bone pad will deform or break under pressure, resulting in sensitive changes in the drilling force and torque. Then, the changes in force and torque are used as signals to stop and retract the drill bit. Depending on the type of motor used, this can also be achieved by detecting the voltage or current changes of the drill bit drive motor. After the flat drill is lifted, a thin bone pad and a small cylinder will remain in the hole. The third step is to use tools such as forceps to remove the remaining bone pad and small cylinder, effectively avoiding the contact between the drill bit and the tissue, thereby reducing the mechanical and thermal damage to the bone tissue and brain tissue during the drilling process.

[0072] To further illustrate the specific implementation manners of the present invention, the following Examples 4 to 6 are also disclosed.

[0073] Example 4 During spinal screw implantation, the flat drill of Example 2 is used for bone drilling operation. First, connect the flat drill to the numerically controlled bone drill, start the camera 15 and the vision light 16, and observe the surface of the pedicle bone in real time through the display screen. When drilling, the first cutting edge 9 and the second cutting edge 11 cooperate to cut the bone, and the first cutting surface 8 (the angle α with the second cutting surface 10 is 0 to 180°, and the angle β with the third cutting surface 12 is 0 to 180°) guides the chips to be discharged through the cavity 2, and the vacuum suction head 14 synchronously sucks away bone chips and blood. The internal cooling hole 13 continuously injects cooling brine to reduce the cutting temperature. When the flat drill approaches the cortical bone at the anterior edge of the vertebral body, the flat tip of the second cutting surface 10 (the angle θ with the horizontal plane is 0 to 45°) contacts the thin bone layer, and the data collector 17 in the controller 7 detects a sudden drop in the drill bit torque. The controller 7 immediately stops the feed and retracts the drill bit. At this time, an annular bone pad is reserved at the bottom of the hole. Finally, use micro forceps to remove the bone pad to avoid damaging the anterior spinal cord tissue. Observe the thickness of the bottom of the hole through the cavity throughout the process to ensure the safety margin.

[0074] Example 5 During cranial drilling, the doctor uses a flat drill for craniotomy hole processing. The angle α between the first cutting surface 8 and the second cutting surface 10 of the flat drill is 0 to 180°, the angle β with the third cutting surface 12 is 0 to 180°, and the angle θ between the second cutting surface 10 and the horizontal plane is 0 to 45°. The cutting force distribution is optimized through angle combination. During the drilling process, physiological saline is simultaneously injected through the internal cooling hole 13 for cooling and lubrication, and the mixed liquid and bone chips are sucked away through the vacuum suction head 14 to keep the vision clear. When the drill bit approaches the dura mater, when the residual bone layer thickness shown in the cavity 2 is 0 to 2 mm, the data collector 17 synchronously monitors a 50% drop in the axial force, and the controller 7 triggers the motor to reverse and retract the flat drill, leaving a complete bone pad. Subsequently, gently tap the center of the bone pad with a bone chisel, and use its preset microcracks to safely disconnect, avoiding the thermal conduction damage to nerves when the traditional drill bit penetrates. Throughout the process, the camera 15 and the vision light 16 provide high-definition images to assist in accurately controlling the drilling depth.

[0075] Example 6 During maxillofacial repair surgery, a flat drill equipped with 4 first cutting edges 9 is used for zygomatic bone drilling, with an outer diameter of (0.1 mm to 8.0 mm), and the second cutting edge 11 optimizes the surface finish. During the drilling process, the third cutting surface 12 suppresses the lateral vibration of the bone core, the internal cooling hole 13 conveys the coolant to reduce the local temperature, and the vacuum suction head 14 sucks away the chips to improve the vision clarity. When the drill bit approaches the maxillary sinus mucosa, the data collector 17 triggers the controller 7 through the sudden change of force and torque. After the drill bit retracts, confirm the integrity of the residual bone layer through the cavity 2. The camera 15 and the vision light 16 provide multi-angle illumination and imaging to ensure accurate operation in complex anatomical areas.

[0076] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0077] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0078] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that orientation terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., usually indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. Without contrary instructions, these orientation terms do not indicate and imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present application; the orientation terms "inside, outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.

[0079] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "above...", "over...", "on the upper surface of...", "upper", etc. can be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure for the device. The exemplary term "above..." can include two orientations, "above..." and "below...". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding interpretations should be made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0080] In addition, it should be noted that using words such as "first", "second", etc. to limit components is only for the convenience of differentiating the corresponding components. Without additional statements, the above words have no special meaning, and thus cannot be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present application.

[0081] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medical flat drill, characterized in that, Comprising: A drill bit body, one end of the drill bit body is provided with a groove cavity, one opposite side of the groove cavity penetrates through the side surface of the drill bit body to form two drill cutter bodies arranged oppositely, the inner sides of the ends of the two drill cutter bodies are respectively provided with a first cutting structure and a second cutting structure, and the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure are centrosymmetric; when the drill bit body drives the drill cutter body to rotate around the axis of the drill bit body by rotation, the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure cut the part to be drilled layer by layer; A detection component, connected to the drill cutter body, for collecting the working parameters of the drill cutter body; A controller, connected to the detection component, when the first cutting structure and / or the second cutting structure is about to drill through the part to be drilled, the working parameters of the drill cutter body change suddenly, and the controller stops the rotation of the drill bit body according to the sudden change signal of the working parameters of the drill cutter body.

2. The medical flat drill according to claim 1, wherein Both the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure include a first cutting surface for contacting the surface of the part to be drilled; One side end of the first cutting surface extends towards the center of the groove cavity to form a first cutting edge, the first cutting edge extends obliquely away from the first cutting surface to form a second cutting surface, the inclined edge of the second cutting surface is a second cutting edge, and the second cutting edge extends towards the first cutting surface to form a third cutting surface.

3. The medical flat drill according to claim 2, wherein, The first cutting surface on the first cutting structure and the second cutting surface on the second cutting structure extend along the same circumferential edge.

4. The medical flat drill according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes an internal cooling hole, and the internal cooling hole is arranged at the sealed end of the groove cavity for injecting a cooling medium.

5. The medical flat drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a vacuum suction head, and during use, the vacuum suction head is close to the drill cutter body for sucking the waste generated by drilling.

6. The medical flat drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a camera and a vision lamp, the vision lamp is arranged on the camera, and during use, the camera points to the drill cutter body.

7. The medical flat drill according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The material of the drill bit body is one or a combination of two or more of medical stainless steel, titanium alloy, ceramic material, high carbon steel, cemented carbide, amorphous alloy, and diamond coating material.

8. The medical flat drill according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component is a current detector, the drill bit body is connected with a motor, the motor drives the drill bit body to rotate to drive the drill cutter body to rotate, the controller is connected to the motor, the working parameter of the drill cutter body is the current of the motor, when the first cutting structure and / or the second cutting structure is about to drill through the part to be drilled, the current of the motor changes suddenly, and the controller stops the motor according to the current sudden change signal to stop the rotation of the drill bit body.

9. The medical flat drill according to claim 1, wherein The detection component is a force detection detector, the working parameters of the drill cutter body are the force and torque of the drill cutter body, when the first cutting structure and / or the second cutting structure is about to drill through the part to be drilled, the force and torque of the drill cutter body change suddenly, and the controller stops the rotation of the drill bit body according to the force and torque sudden change signal.

10. A drilling method, characterized in that, Using the medical flat drill according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: Bring the drill bit body into contact with the part to be drilled, rotate the drill bit body, drive the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure to rotate and cut the part to be drilled layer by layer; The detection component continuously obtains the working parameters in the drill bit body and transmits them to the controller. When the controller determines that the change value of the obtained working parameters reaches the threshold, it indicates that the first cutting structure and the second cutting structure are about to drill through the part to be drilled. The controller stops the rotation of the drill bit body. At this time, there is a remaining thin gasket in the part to be drilled; After removing the drill bit body, clamp the thin gasket to complete the drilling.

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