A high-precision forging die for copper castings

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of forging dies, and discloses a high-precision forging die for copper castings, comprising a centrifugal frame capable of centrifugal rotation, a controllable rotatable transmission core shaft and an oscillating forging system driven by the transmission core shaft installed on the centrifugal frame, a double oscillating frame capable of synchronously oscillating up and down and left and right, and a guide shaft capable of periodic reciprocating rotation on the oscillating forging system, the guide shaft being rotatably installed on the double oscillating frame, the reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the double oscillating frame being cyclically changed, a movable moving die frame being installed on the double oscillating frame, a fixed rotating die seat being rotatably installed on the double oscillating frame, a movable rotating die seat being rotatably installed on the moving die frame, and a forging die cavity being provided in both the fixed rotating die seat and the movable rotating die seat. The present invention improves the filling coverage rate of complex structures, solves the material shortage defect caused by "filling dead angle", and solves the problem that traditional technologies rely solely on unidirectional centrifugal force or linear acceleration force field, resulting in insufficient filling of structures such as narrow gaps and deep cavities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of forging dies, and more particularly to a high-precision forging die for copper castings. Background Art

[0002] Patent document CN117531980A in the prior art discloses a high-precision forging die for copper castings, comprising a lower die, an upper die, and a cavity. The top of the upper die is provided with an exhaust flow channel connected to the cavity, and the bottom of the lower die is provided with a feed port. The metal liquid is injected into the die from bottom to top during the linear upward acceleration of the die. In the above technical solution, the die is accelerated linearly upward and a certain pressure is combined to uniformly inject the metal liquid. The effect of this acceleration enables the metal liquid to flow better into the smaller die cavity, thereby avoiding the situation of missing molds. However, the above device has the following technical problems when used:

[0003] Existing molds rely solely on centrifugal force or linear acceleration, resulting in limited filling capabilities for complex structures such as narrow gaps and deep cavities. Existing mold bases are mostly fixed or unidirectionally rotating. During solidification, the molten copper is only subjected to unidirectional shear force, which fails to effectively break up coarse dendrites and easily forms columnar or coarse equiaxed crystals. Traditional injection methods, mostly linear extrusion or gravity injection, can easily generate turbulence in the molten copper flow, leading to oxide film entrapment and gas encapsulation.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention provides a high-precision forging die for copper castings to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a high-precision forging mold for copper castings. The present invention improves the filling coverage of complex structures, solves the material shortage defects caused by "filling dead corners", and solves the problem that traditional technology relies solely on unidirectional centrifugal force or linear acceleration force field, resulting in insufficient filling of structures such as narrow gaps and deep cavities.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-precision forging die for copper castings, comprising a centrifugal frame capable of centrifugal rotation, a controllable rotating transmission core shaft and an oscillating forging system driven by the transmission core shaft installed on the centrifugal frame, the oscillating forging system is provided with a double oscillating frame capable of synchronous up and down and left and right reciprocating oscillation and a guide shaft capable of periodic reciprocating rotation, the guide shaft is rotatably mounted on the double oscillating frame, the reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the double oscillating frame are periodically cyclically changed, and a movable movable member is installed on the double oscillating frame. The mold frame has a fixed rotary mold base rotatably installed on the double vibration frame, and a movable rotary mold base rotatably installed on the movable mold frame. A forging mold cavity is opened in the fixed rotary mold base and the movable rotary mold base. The fixed rotary mold base and the movable rotary mold base are driven by the guide shaft and periodically rotate forward and reverse. A casting cylinder connected to the forging mold cavity is installed on the back of the fixed rotary mold base. An injection cavity connected to the forging mold cavity is provided in the casting cylinder. A piston injection component for rotating and extruding and feeding material to the forging mold cavity is provided in the injection cavity. An exhaust component for exhausting the negative pressure of the injection cavity is installed on the injection cavity.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a base frame and a transmission ring, the base frame is fixedly mounted with a centrifugal motor and rotatably mounted with a centrifugal shaft, the output shaft end of the base frame is driven by a first synchronous toothed belt, the centrifugal shaft is driven by the first synchronous toothed belt, the centrifugal frame is fixedly mounted at an eccentric position of the centrifugal shaft, a group of transmission push rods are mounted on the upper part of the base frame, the movable end of each transmission push rod is fixedly connected to the transmission ring, the centrifugal frame is rotatably mounted with a wheel axle, a friction wheel is mounted on the wheel axle, the friction wheel is arranged below the transmission ring, the friction wheel and the transmission ring are both provided with transmission teeth, the wheel axle and the transmission core shaft are both mounted with a first bevel gear, the two first bevel gears are meshed with each other, the double vibration frame is mounted with a first linear transmission module, and the first linear transmission module is transmission-connected to the mold moving frame.

[0008] As an optimal technical solution of the present invention, the oscillation forging system includes a single vibration frame, a vertical screw rod rotatably connected to the centrifugal frame, a driven core shaft and a horizontal screw rod rotatably connected to the single vibration frame, a transmission sleeve shaft and a driven sleeve shaft, the transmission sleeve shaft is driven by the transmission core shaft, the driven sleeve shaft is driven by the driven core shaft, the transmission sleeve shaft is respectively provided with a notched large gear and a notched small gear, and two symmetrically arranged transmission interruption areas are provided on the transmission sleeve shaft and corresponding to the positions between the notched large gear and the notched small gear, the driven sleeve shaft is respectively provided with two full gears, the two full gears are respectively meshed with the notched large gear and the notched small gear, the horizontal screw rod is transmission-connected to the double vibration frame, the vertical screw rod, the horizontal screw rod and the guide shaft are all driven by the driven sleeve shaft, and the rotation connection between the vertical screw rod and the centrifugal frame, the rotation connection between the horizontal screw rod and the single vibration frame, and the rotation connection between the guide shaft and the double vibration frame are all provided with energy storage torsion springs.

[0009] As an optimal technical solution of the present invention, the transmission sleeve shaft is fixedly provided with a first guide groove with openings at both ends and slidingly connected to the transmission core shaft, the driven sleeve shaft is fixedly provided with a second guide groove with openings at both ends and slidingly connected to the driven core shaft, the cross sections of the first guide groove, the second guide groove, the transmission core shaft and the driven core shaft are all regular polygons, a solid shaft is rotatably mounted on the single vibration frame, a second bevel gear is mounted on the solid shaft and the horizontal screw rod, the two second bevel gears are orthogonally meshed, an elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt is transmission-installed on the driven sleeve shaft, the solid shaft, the driven sleeve shaft and the guide shaft are all transmission-connected with the elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt, the elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt is made of elastic rubber, and a third synchronous toothed belt is transmission-connected between the driven core shaft and the vertical screw rod.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the center angle corresponding to the notched large gear is 180°, the center angle corresponding to the notched small gear is 100°, the center angles corresponding to the two transmission interruption zones are both 40°, the radii of the notched large gear and the notched small gear and the radii of the two whole gears are the same, and the radius of the notched large gear is 8 to 10 times the radius of the whole gear.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a right square shaft is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame, and a third bevel gear is installed on the right square shaft and the guide shaft, and the two third bevel gears are orthogonally meshed. A hollow right shaft driven by the right square shaft is rotatably installed on the mold moving frame, and a right gear is installed on the hollow right shaft and the movable rotary mold base, and the two right gears are meshed with each other. A left gear is installed on the right square shaft and the fixed rotary mold base, and the two left gears are meshed with each other.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the piston injection component includes a casting pipe rotatably connected to the bottom of the casting cylinder, a hollow left shaft rotatably connected to the casting cylinder and a piston disk arranged in the injection chamber, the back of the piston disk is equipped with a left square shaft driven by the hollow left shaft, a second linear transmission module is installed on the casting cylinder, a feeding pressure plate is installed on the second linear transmission module, the left square shaft is rotatably installed on the feeding pressure plate, and the hollow left shaft is linked to the right square shaft.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the interior of the hollow right shaft is fixed with a first polygonal groove with openings at both ends and slidingly connected to the right square shaft, and the interior of the hollow left shaft is fixed with a second polygonal groove with openings at both ends and slidingly connected to the left square shaft. The cross-sections of the first polygonal groove, the second polygonal groove, the left square shaft and the right square shaft are all regular hexagons. A shaft cylinder and a belt shaft are rotatably installed on the casting cylinder, and a second synchronous toothed belt is connected to the belt shaft and the hollow right shaft for transmission. A synchronous bevel gear ring is installed on the shaft cylinder, and a fourth bevel gear meshing with the linked bevel gear ring is installed on the belt shaft and the right square shaft.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the exhaust assembly includes a vacuum pump installed on a base frame, an exhaust flow channel opened in the centrifugal shaft, and an exhaust joint installed at the top of the casting cylinder and connected to the injection chamber. A corrugated inner conduit is rotatably connected between the exhaust joint and the exhaust flow channel. The vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump is rotatably connected to the exhaust flow channel. The vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump is provided with an air pressure probe. A microcontroller connected to the data of the air pressure probe is fixedly installed on the base frame.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a water-cooling liquid circulation device installed on the base frame and a water-cooling loop opened in the centrifugal shaft. The water-cooling liquid circulation device is connected to the water-cooling loop. Water-cooling chambers are provided in the fixed rotary die seat and the movable rotary die seat at positions corresponding to the outside of the forging die cavity. The water-cooling loop in the centrifugal shaft is connected to the water-cooling chamber in the fixed rotary die seat through a corrugated outer conduit, and the water-cooling circulation port of the water-cooling liquid circulation device is connected to the water-cooling chamber in the movable rotary die seat through a circulation branch pipe.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention uses a dual-vibration frame to synchronously oscillate up and down and left and right, and the reciprocating frequency and stroke change periodically, which cooperates with the centrifugal rotation of the centrifugal frame to form a three-dimensional dynamic force field. The dual-vibration frame is driven by the oscillation forging system to realize the periodic alternating oscillation of "low-frequency long stroke and high-frequency short stroke". In the low-frequency stage, the surface tension of the copper liquid is broken through by large-stroke oscillation, which pushes it to deeply fill complex areas such as narrow gaps and deep cavities. In the high-frequency stage, short-stroke micro-vibration is used to eliminate the turbulence of the copper liquid flow, reduce the flow resistance, and promote uniform diffusion. At the same time, the oscillation interruption zone cooperates with the energy release of the energy storage torsion spring to achieve a smooth transition of the force field, so that the copper liquid completes the filling in the dynamic process of "extrusion, relaxation, and re-extrusion". Compared with the traditional unidirectional force field mold, the present invention improves the filling coverage rate of complex structures, solves the material shortage defect caused by "filling dead corner", and solves the problem that the traditional technology relies solely on unidirectional centrifugal force or linear acceleration force field, and is insufficient in filling structures such as narrow gaps and deep cavities.

[0018] 2. The present invention innovatively designs a periodic forward and reverse mechanism of the fixed rotating die base and the movable rotating die base, so that the copper liquid is subjected to alternating shear force during the solidification process. During forward rotation, the shear force forces the dendrites to grow directionally along the mold cavity surface to form dense metal streamlines. At the moment of reverse rotation, the direction of the shear force suddenly changes, breaking the grown coarse dendrites and inducing dynamic recrystallization, promoting the formation of equiaxed crystals. Combined with the "large strain and micro strain" alternating load generated by the dual-frame oscillation, low-frequency and large strokes generate large strains to promote grain boundary migration, and high-frequency and small strokes generate micro strains to inhibit grain growth, ultimately obtaining a fine-grained structure with a smaller average grain size. Compared with the traditional unidirectional rotating die base, the tensile strength of the casting of the present invention is improved, the elongation is increased, and the structural uniformity is significantly improved.

[0019] 3. This invention utilizes a combined feeding technique of "rotating extrusion and linear feed" using a piston injection component, combined with the negative pressure environment of the exhaust assembly, to achieve laminar filling of the molten copper. Rotating extrusion allows the molten copper to spread evenly in a spiral, reducing flow resistance. Linear feed controls the feeding speed, avoiding sudden local pressure changes. Negative pressure exhaust simultaneously expels gas from the injection cavity, preventing it from entering the mold cavity with the molten copper. Experimental data demonstrates that compared to conventional processes, the porosity of the castings produced by this invention is lower, oxidation inclusion defects are reduced, and density is increased, significantly improving the mechanical properties and reliability of the castings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision forging die for copper castings of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the centrifugal shaft and circulation branch pipe of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust channel and the water cooling loop of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the centrifugal shaft and the transmission core shaft of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the left square shaft and guide shaft of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at B in the middle;

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the guide shaft and the mold moving frame of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the belt shaft and right-hand shaft of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the mold transfer frame and the hollow right shaft of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the vertical screw rod and the notched large gear of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Centrifugal frame; 2. Transmission mandrel; 3. Double vibration frame; 4. Guide shaft; 5. Transmission mold frame; 6. Fixed rotary die seat; 7. Moving rotary die seat; 8. Forging die cavity; 9. Casting cylinder; 10. Base frame; 11. Transmission ring; 12. Centrifugal motor; 13. Centrifugal shaft; 14. Transmission push rod; 15. Axle; 16. Friction wheel; 17. First linear transmission module; 18. Single vibration frame; 19. Vertical screw; 20. Driven mandrel; 21. Horizontal screw; 22. Transmission sleeve; 23. Driven sleeve; 24. Gear with large gap; 25. Gear with small gap Gear; 26. Full gear; 27. Energy storage torsion spring; 28. Solid shaft; 29. ​​Elastic tensioning synchronous belt; 30. Right square shaft; 31. Hollow right shaft; 32. Right gear; 33. Left gear; 34. Casting pipe; 35. Hollow left shaft; 36. Piston disc; 37. Left square shaft; 38. Second linear transmission module; 39. Feed pressure plate; 40. Shaft cylinder; 41. Belt shaft; 42. Vacuum pump; 43. Exhaust flow channel; 44. Microcontroller; 45. Water cooling liquid circulation device; 46. Water cooling loop; 47. Water cooling chamber; 48. Circulation branch pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the present invention provides a high-precision forging mold for copper castings, comprising a centrifugal frame 1 that can be centrifugally rotated, a controllable rotatable transmission core shaft 2 and an oscillating forging system driven by the transmission core shaft 2 installed on the centrifugal frame 1; further comprising a base frame 10 and a transmission ring 11, a centrifugal motor 12 is fixedly mounted on the base frame 10 and a centrifugal shaft 13 is rotatably mounted, the output shaft end of the base frame 10 is driven by a first synchronous toothed belt, the centrifugal shaft 13 is driven by the first synchronous toothed belt, the centrifugal frame 1 is fixedly mounted at an eccentric position of the centrifugal shaft 13, a group of transmission push rods 14 are installed on the upper part of the base frame 10, and the movable end of each transmission push rod 14 is fixedly connected to the transmission ring 11; a wheel shaft 15 is rotatably mounted on the centrifugal frame 1, a friction wheel 16 is installed on the wheel shaft 15, the friction wheel 16 is arranged below the transmission ring 11, the friction wheel 16 and the transmission ring 11 are both provided with transmission teeth, and a first bevel gear is installed on the wheel shaft 15 and the transmission core shaft 2. The two first bevel gears are meshed with each other; the first synchronous toothed belt is driven by the centrifugal motor 12 on the base frame 10, which drives the centrifugal shaft 13 and the eccentrically installed centrifugal frame 1 to rotate, thereby realizing the centrifugal motion of the entire mold; the transmission push rod 14 is meshed with the teeth of the friction wheel 16 through the transmission ring 11, and converts the linear motion into the rotational motion of the wheel axle 15, which is transmitted to the transmission core shaft 2 through the first bevel gear, so that it rotates synchronously and controllably. This design integrates the centrifugal rotation and the power input of the transmission core shaft 2 into the same drive chain, realizes the efficient transmission of power through mechanical linkage, solves the problem of poor coordination of multiple power sources of traditional molds, ensures the synchronization of centrifugal forging and oscillation forging, and improves the molding accuracy of castings; the oscillation forging system is provided with a double vibration frame 3 that can oscillate synchronously up and down and left and right and a guide shaft 4 that can rotate back and forth periodically. The guide shaft 4 is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame 3, and the reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the double vibration frame 3 change periodically.

[0033] The oscillation forging system includes a single oscillation frame 18, a vertical screw 19 rotatably connected to the centrifugal frame 1, a driven core shaft 20, and a horizontal screw 21 rotatably connected to the single oscillation frame 18, a transmission sleeve 22, and a driven sleeve 23. The transmission sleeve 22 is driven by the transmission core shaft 2, and the driven sleeve 23 is driven by the driven core shaft 20. The transmission sleeve 22 is fixedly provided with a first guide groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the transmission core shaft 2. The driven sleeve 23 is fixedly provided with a second guide groove with both ends open and slidably connected to the driven core shaft 20. The cross-section of the first guide groove, the second guide groove, the transmission core shaft 2, and the driven core shaft 20 is shown. They are all regular polygons; the transmission sleeve shaft 22 is respectively mounted with a notched large gear 24 and a notched small gear 25, and two symmetrically arranged transmission interruption areas are provided on the transmission sleeve shaft 22 and at positions corresponding to the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25; two full gears 26 are mounted on the driven sleeve shaft 23, and the two full gears 26 are respectively meshed with the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25; the center angle corresponding to the notched large gear 24 is 180°, the center angle corresponding to the notched small gear 25 is 100°, the center angle corresponding to the two transmission interruption areas is 40°, and the radius of the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25 is 180°. The radii of the two full gears 26 are the same, and the radius of the notched large gear 24 is 9 times the radius of the full gear 26; the horizontal screw 21 is connected to the double vibration frame 3, and the vertical screw 19, the horizontal screw 21 and the guide shaft 4 are all driven by the driven sleeve 23. The rotation connection between the vertical screw 19 and the centrifugal frame 1, the rotation connection between the horizontal screw 21 and the single vibration frame 18, and the rotation connection between the guide shaft 4 and the double vibration frame 3 are all provided with energy storage torsion springs 27; a solid shaft 28 is rotatably installed on the single vibration frame 18, and a second bevel gear is installed on the solid shaft 28 and the horizontal screw 21. The two second bevel gears are orthogonally meshed, and the driven sleeve 2 3 is equipped with an elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt 29 for transmission. The solid shaft 28, the driven sleeve shaft 23 and the guide shaft 4 are all connected to the elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt 29 for transmission. The elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt 29 is made of elastic rubber. A third synchronous toothed belt is connected between the driven core shaft 20 and the vertical screw rod 19. When the transmission sleeve shaft 22 is driven to rotate by the transmission core shaft 2, the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25 on it are periodically meshed with the two full gears 26 of the driven sleeve shaft 23, and the two symmetrically arranged 40° transmission interruption zones are used to make the driven sleeve shaft 23 produce an intermittent transmission with alternating "meshing and interruption".

[0034] When the notched large gear 24 and the full gear 26 are meshed 180°, due to the radius ratio of the notched large gear 24 to the full gear 26 being 9:1, the driven sleeve 23 rotates, driving the vertical screw 19, the horizontal screw 21 and the guide shaft 4 to move, and combined with the energy storage torsion spring 27 to release the stored energy, the double vibration frame 3 exhibits "low frequency and long stroke" oscillation, and then enters the 40° transmission interruption zone, the driven sleeve 23 loses drive, and the energy storage torsion spring 27 releases the remaining energy to maintain oscillation; then the notched small gear 25 and the full gear 26 are meshed 100°, the driven sleeve 23 rotates at high speed, the double vibration frame 3 switches to "high frequency and short stroke" oscillation, and finally enters the 40° interruption zone again, the torsion spring re-stores energy, and a complete cycle is completed;

[0035] This parameter design is unique and irreplaceable:

[0036] First, the sum of the central angles accurately covers one cycle of the transmission sleeve shaft 22, ensuring that the oscillation period is synchronized with the rotation of the transmission sleeve shaft 22 to avoid parameter disorder;

[0037] Secondly, the combination of gear radius ratios perfectly matches the multi-stage requirements of copper liquid filling and solidification. The low-frequency, long-stroke stage provides sufficient compaction time during the solidification period of the copper liquid to reduce shrinkage and porosity. The high-frequency, short-stroke stage promotes rapid and uniform flow of the copper liquid during the filling period, reducing flow resistance.

[0038] Thirdly, the setting of the 40° transmission interruption zone not only avoids the transmission shock caused by the continuous meshing of the gears, but also releases the smooth transition oscillation state through the energy storage torsion spring 27, thus ensuring the continuity of movement;

[0039] If any parameter is adjusted, such as reducing the center angle of the notched large gear 24 to 160°, the low-frequency stage time will be insufficient and sufficient compaction will not be achieved; if the radius ratio deviates from 9:1, the speed ratio will be out of adjustment, and the oscillation frequency and stroke will not be able to accurately match the characteristics of the copper liquid, which will destroy the synergy between the oscillation parameters and the solidification behavior of the copper liquid, resulting in a decrease in the density and uniformity of the casting.

[0040] In the low-frequency, large-stroke stage, the oscillating force breaks through the surface tension of the molten copper, pushing it to fill the complex structures of the mold cavity, such as narrow gaps and deep cavities, solving the problem of incomplete filling in "dead corners" in traditional centrifugal casting; in the high-frequency, small-stroke stage, tiny vibrations can eliminate turbulence in the flow of molten copper, reduce the involvement of oxide film, and at the same time produce a micro-forging effect on the solidified layer, thereby improving the surface density.

[0041] The cyclic changes in frequency and stroke cause the molten copper to undergo a dynamic process of "extrusion, relaxation, and re-extrusion" in the forging die cavity 8, promoting gas escape and shrinkage cavity closure. When the oscillation is paused in the transmission interruption zone, the centrifugal force alone can cause the molten copper to directionally solidify in the static die cavity, reducing thermal shrinkage cavities. Subsequently, the high-frequency vibration can break up coarse dendrites and inhibit the growth of columnar crystals.

[0042] The periodic changes in the vibration frequency and stroke of the dual vibration frame 3 cause the copper liquid to bear alternating strain loads during the solidification process, triggering dynamic recrystallization. The large strain generated by the low-frequency and large-stroke oscillation promotes the migration of grain boundaries, while the high-frequency and small-stroke oscillation suppresses grain growth through micro-strain, and ultimately obtains a fine-grained structure with an average grain size of ≤50μm. For copper castings with thin ribs, bosses and other structures, the dual vibration frame 3 can preferentially fill complex areas through the low-frequency and large-stroke mode to avoid material shortages caused by premature solidification of the copper liquid; for thin-walled parts, the high-frequency and small-stroke mode can reduce mold impact wear, and at the same time prevent thin-walled parts from deformation under centrifugal force through micro-vibration; a movable mold is installed on the dual vibration frame 3. Frame 5, the double vibration frame 3 is equipped with a first linear transmission module 17, the first linear transmission module 17 is connected to the moving die frame 5 in transmission; the double vibration frame 3 is rotatably equipped with a fixed rotary die seat 6, the moving die frame 5 is rotatably equipped with a movable rotary die seat 7, the fixed rotary die seat 6 and the movable rotary die seat 7 are both provided with a forging die cavity 8, the fixed rotary die seat 6 and the movable rotary die seat 7 are driven by the guide shaft 4 and periodically alternately rotated forward and reverse; a right square shaft 30 is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame 3, the right square shaft 30 and the guide shaft 4 are both equipped with a third bevel gear, the two third bevel gears are orthogonally meshed, the moving die frame 5 is rotatably equipped with a hollow right shaft 31 driven by the right square shaft 30, the hollow right shaft 31 and the movable rotary die seat 7 are both equipped with a right gear 32, the two right gears The wheels 32 are meshed with each other, and left gears 33 are installed on the right square shaft 30 and the fixed rotary die seat 6, and the two left gears 33 are meshed with each other; the periodic forward and reverse motion of the fixed rotary die seat 6 and the movable rotary die seat 7 is realized by the transmission mechanism of the guide shaft 4, bevel gear and synchronous toothed belt, and forms a multi-dimensional synergistic effect with the reciprocating oscillation and centrifugal rotation of the double vibration frame 3. The guide shaft 4 drives the right square shaft 30 to rotate through the third bevel gear, and transmits the movable rotary die seat 7 through the hollow right shaft 31 and the right gear 32, and at the same time transmits the fixed rotary die seat 6 through the left gear 33, forming a synchronous reverse rotation. The periodic switching of the rotation direction is triggered by the gear meshing cycle of the oscillation forging system, thereby realizing the coupling of the rotation frequency and the oscillation frequency of the double vibration frame 3; the fixed rotary die When the seat 6 and the movable rotating die seat 7 rotate forward and reverse, the copper liquid is subjected to periodic shear force in the forging die cavity 8, forcing the growth direction of the dendrite to be consistent with the shear direction, forming a directional metal streamline distributed along the die surface; the alternating shear force generated by the counter-rotating rotation of the fixed rotating die seat 6 and the movable rotating die seat 7 promotes dynamic recrystallization of the solidified layer, breaks up the coarse grains and forms equiaxed crystals; when the fixed rotating die seat 6 and the movable rotating die seat 7 rotate, the relative movement of the copper liquid and the die cavity wall can break up the oxide film formed during the casting process, preventing it from being drawn into the casting to form inclusions. For multi-layer composite copper castings, the forward and reverse movement can promote dynamic mixing of the copper liquid at the interface, thereby increasing the interlayer bonding strength by more than 50%, solving the interface stratification problem in traditional processes.

[0043] The centrifugal tangential force generated by the rotation and the oscillating axial force form a three-dimensional compaction effect. Especially at the moment of mold reversal, the copper liquid flows back to the center to fill the shrinkage holes caused by solidification shrinkage. When the fixed rotating mold base 6 and the movable rotating mold base 7 rotate, the copper liquid flows close to the inner wall of the mold cavity under the action of centrifugal force. Combined with the micro-polishing effect of high-frequency oscillation, the surface roughness of the casting can be reduced, which is close to the mechanical polishing effect. It is especially suitable for scenarios with high-precision surface requirements such as optical lens bases and electronic packaging shells.

[0044] The periodic reversal of the fixed rotating die seat 6 and the movable rotating die seat 7 can change the relative sliding direction of the copper liquid and the die, reduce the heat accumulation in the local area, and thus inhibit the surface scratches and thermal cracks caused by die sticking; the back of the fixed rotating die seat 6 is installed with a casting cylinder 9 connected to the forging die cavity 8, and the casting cylinder 9 is provided with an injection cavity connected to the forging die cavity 8, and the injection cavity is provided with a piston injection component that rotates and extrudes the material into the forging die cavity 8, and the injection cavity is installed with an exhaust component for exhausting the negative pressure of the injection cavity.

[0045] The piston injection component includes a casting pipe 34 rotatably connected to the bottom of the casting cylinder 9, a hollow left shaft 35 rotatably connected to the casting cylinder 9 and a piston disc 36 arranged in the injection chamber. The back of the piston disc 36 is equipped with a left square shaft 37 driven by the hollow left shaft 35. A second linear transmission module 38 is installed on the casting cylinder 9. A feeding pressure plate 39 is transmission-installed on the second linear transmission module 38. The left square shaft 37 is rotatably installed on the feeding pressure plate 39, and the hollow left shaft 35 is linked to the right square shaft 30.

[0046] The interior of the hollow right shaft 31 is fixed with a first polygonal groove with openings at both ends and slidingly connected to the right square shaft 30. The interior of the hollow left shaft 35 is fixed with a second polygonal groove with openings at both ends and slidingly connected to the left square shaft 37. The cross-sections of the first polygonal groove, the second polygonal groove, the left square shaft 37 and the right square shaft 30 are all regular hexagons. The shaft cylinder 40 and the belt shaft 41 are rotatably installed on the casting cylinder 9. A second synchronous toothed belt is connected to the belt shaft 41 and the hollow right shaft 31 for transmission. A synchronous bevel gear ring is installed on the shaft cylinder 40, and a fourth bevel gear meshing with the linked bevel gear ring is installed on the belt shaft 41 and the right square shaft 30.

[0047] The piston injection component achieves precise delivery of molten copper to the forging die cavity 8 through the combined action of "linear feeding and rotary extrusion". Its working principle is as follows: the second linear transmission module 38 drives the feeding pressure plate 39 to advance linearly, driving the left square shaft 37 to transmit torque through the regular hexagonal polygonal groove of the hollow left shaft 35, pushing the piston disc 36 to axially squeeze the molten copper in the injection cavity;

[0048] At the same time, the right square shaft 30 is driven to rotate by the guide shaft 4 through the third bevel gear, and then the hollow right shaft 31 is linked through the belt shaft 41 and the second synchronous toothed belt, and is meshed with the synchronous bevel gear ring of the shaft cylinder 40 through the fourth bevel gear, and finally drives the hollow left shaft 35 to rotate, so that the left square shaft 37 transmits the rotational torque through the regular hexagonal polygonal groove, forming a spiral feeding of the piston disc 36 with "linear feed plus rotation"; its technical effects are: first, the flow resistance is reduced through the spiral and axial composite flow field, the uniform diffusion of the copper liquid is promoted, the filling coverage rate is improved, and the local undercasting defects are reduced; second, the rotation extrusion fit The negative pressure environment of the exhaust component causes the copper liquid to be filled in a laminar flow, the porosity is reduced, and the density is increased; the exhaust component includes a vacuum pump 42 installed on the base frame 10, an exhaust channel 43 opened in the centrifugal shaft 13, and an exhaust joint installed at the top of the casting cylinder 9 and connected to the injection chamber. A corrugated inner conduit is rotatably connected between the exhaust joint and the exhaust channel 43, the vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump 42 is rotatably connected to the exhaust channel 43, the vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump 42 is provided with an air pressure probe, and a microcontroller 44 connected to the data of the air pressure probe is fixedly installed on the base frame 10.

[0049] The right square shaft 30 drives the hollow left shaft 35 to rotate through the fourth bevel gear and the second synchronous toothed belt, driving the left square shaft 37 and the piston disc 36 to rotate and squeeze the copper liquid in the injection cavity. The casting pipe 34 cooperates with the feeding pressure plate 39 of the second linear transmission module 38 to achieve quantitative feeding. At the same time, the vacuum pump 42 exhausts the injection cavity under negative pressure through the exhaust channel 43 in the centrifugal shaft 13. The air pressure probe monitors the air pressure in the cavity in real time, and the microcontroller 44 dynamically adjusts the exhaust rate. The system completes exhaust synchronously during the injection process, avoiding the problem of gas porosity in the casting caused by gas entanglement in the traditional process. The rotary extrusion feeding can make the copper liquid fill the mold in a laminar state. Reduce the oxidation inclusions caused by turbulence, combine with the effect of centrifugal force, and further improve the filling efficiency and casting density; it also includes a water-cooling liquid circulation device 45 installed on the base frame 10, and a water-cooling ring channel 46 opened in the centrifugal shaft 13. The water-cooling liquid circulation device 45 is connected to the water-cooling ring channel 46. A water-cooling chamber 47 is provided in the fixed rotary die seat 6 and the movable rotary die seat 7 at a position corresponding to the outside of the forging die cavity 8. The water-cooling ring channel 46 in the centrifugal shaft 13 is connected to the water-cooling chamber 47 in the fixed rotary die seat 6 through a corrugated outer conduit, and the water-cooling circulation port of the water-cooling liquid circulation device 45 is connected to the water-cooling chamber 47 in the movable rotary die seat 7 through a circulation branch pipe 48.

[0050] The water-cooling liquid circulation device 45 transports cooling liquid to the water-cooling chamber 47 of the fixed rotary die seat 6 through the water-cooling loop 46 in the centrifugal shaft 13 through the corrugated outer conduit. At the same time, the circulation branch pipe 48 directly cools the movable rotary die seat 7 to form a dual-circuit temperature control system. During the forging process, the outside of the mold cavity is cooled in real time, and the temperature field distribution of the mold can be accurately controlled to avoid the problem of copper liquid sticking to the mold or coarse grains caused by local overheating. Compared with traditional air cooling or single-circuit water cooling, this design achieves rapid response and uniform control of the mold temperature, shortens the production cycle, and improves the surface finish of the casting and the stability of the mechanical properties; the water-cooling liquid circulation device 45 is used to realize the circulation of the water-cooling liquid and to maintain the low temperature of the water-cooling liquid. The water-cooling liquid circulation device 45 can be customized according to actual needs or the model can be selected.

[0051] The working principle and use process of the present invention:

[0052] The centrifugal motor 12 on the base frame 10 drives the centrifugal shaft 13 and the eccentrically mounted centrifugal frame 1 to rotate through the first synchronous toothed belt, realizing the centrifugal motion of the entire mold. At the same time, the transmission push rod 14 drives the transmission ring 11 to move up and down. The friction wheel 16 engages with the teeth of the transmission ring 11 to convert the linear motion into the rotational motion of the wheel shaft 15. The motion is then transmitted to the transmission core shaft 2 through the first bevel gear, causing it to rotate synchronously and controllably.

[0053] The transmission core shaft 2 drives the transmission sleeve shaft 22 to rotate, and the notched large gear 24 and the notched small gear 25 on it periodically mesh with the whole gear 26 of the driven sleeve shaft 23, and cooperate with the transmission interruption zone to make the driven sleeve shaft 23 produce intermittent transmission, driving the vertical screw rod 19, the horizontal screw rod 21 and the guide shaft 4 to move, and combined with the energy storage torsion spring 27 to make the double vibration frame 3 present a periodic oscillation of "low frequency long stroke" and "high frequency short stroke" alternating; the guide shaft 4 drives the fixed rotary die seat 6 and the movable rotary die seat 7 periodically through the transmission mechanism such as the third bevel gear The forward and reverse rotation forms a multi-dimensional synergy with the reciprocating oscillation and centrifugal rotation of the double vibration frame 3; the second linear transmission module 38 drives the feeding pressure plate 39 to advance linearly, while the right shaft 30 drives the hollow left shaft 35 to rotate through the transmission mechanism, so that the piston disc 36 realizes the spiral feeding of "linear feeding plus rotation" in the injection cavity, squeezing the copper liquid into the forging die cavity 8. During this period, the vacuum pump 42 exhausts the injection cavity with negative pressure through the exhaust flow channel 43, the air pressure probe monitors the air pressure in real time, and the microcontroller 44 dynamically adjusts the exhaust rate;

[0054] The water-cooling liquid circulation device 45 cools the water-cooling chamber 47 of the fixed rotary die seat 6 and the movable rotary die seat 7 respectively through the water-cooling loop 46 in the centrifugal shaft 13 through the corrugated outer conduit and the circulation branch pipe 48, forming a dual-circuit temperature control system to accurately control the temperature field distribution of the mold; during the whole process, the copper liquid undergoes the multi-dimensional effects of centrifugal rotation, oscillation of the double vibration frame 3, and rotation of the die seat in the forging die cavity 8, as well as injection, exhaust, cooling and other processes to achieve high-precision forging.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0056] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-precision forging die for copper castings, comprising a centrifugal frame (1) capable of centrifugal rotation, characterized in that: A controllable rotating transmission core shaft (2) and an oscillating forging system driven by the transmission core shaft (2) are installed on the centrifugal frame (1). The oscillating forging system is provided with a double vibration frame (3) that can synchronously oscillate up and down and left and right and a guide shaft (4) that can periodically reciprocate. The guide shaft (4) is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame (3). The reciprocating frequency and reciprocating stroke of the double vibration frame (3) change periodically. A movable transfer mold frame (5) is installed on the double vibration frame (3). A fixed rotating mold seat (6) is rotatably installed on the double vibration frame (3). The transfer mold frame (5) is rotated. A movable rotary die seat (7) is installed, and a forging die cavity (8) is opened in the fixed rotary die seat (6) and the movable rotary die seat (7). The fixed rotary die seat (6) and the movable rotary die seat (7) are driven by the guide shaft (4) and periodically rotate forward and reverse. A casting cylinder (9) connected to the forging die cavity (8) is installed on the back of the fixed rotary die seat (6). A material injection cavity connected to the forging die cavity (8) is provided in the casting cylinder (9). A piston injection component for rotating and extruding the material into the forging die cavity (8) is provided in the injection cavity. An exhaust component for exhausting the negative pressure of the injection cavity is installed on the injection cavity; The oscillation forging system comprises a single oscillation frame (18), a vertical screw (19) rotatably connected to the centrifugal frame (1), a driven core shaft (20), a horizontal screw (21) rotatably connected to the single oscillation frame (18), a transmission sleeve shaft (22) and a driven sleeve shaft (23), wherein the transmission sleeve shaft (22) is driven by the transmission core shaft (2), and the driven sleeve shaft (23) is driven by the driven core shaft (20), and a notched large gear (24) and a notched small gear (25) are respectively mounted on the transmission sleeve shaft (22), and two notched large gears (24) and a notched small gear (25) are respectively mounted on the transmission sleeve shaft (22) at a position corresponding to the position between the notched large gear (24) and the notched small gear (25). The invention relates to a transmission interruption zone symmetrically arranged, wherein two full gears (26) are installed on the driven sleeve shaft (23), and the two full gears (26) are respectively engaged with the notched large gear (24) and the notched small gear (25). The horizontal screw rod (21) is connected to the double vibration frame (3) in a transmission manner. The vertical screw rod (19), the horizontal screw rod (21) and the guide shaft (4) are all driven by the driven sleeve shaft (23). The rotation connection between the vertical screw rod (19) and the centrifugal frame (1), the rotation connection between the horizontal screw rod (21) and the single vibration frame (18), and the rotation connection between the guide shaft (4) and the double vibration frame (3) are all provided with energy storage torsion springs (27).

2. A high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal machine further comprises a base frame (10) and a transmission ring (11), wherein a centrifugal motor (12) is fixedly mounted on the base frame (10) and a centrifugal shaft (13) is rotatably mounted thereon, a first synchronous toothed belt is installed at the output shaft end of the base frame (10), and the centrifugal shaft (13) is driven by the first synchronous toothed belt, the centrifugal frame (1) is fixedly mounted at an eccentric position of the centrifugal shaft (13), a group of transmission push rods (14) are mounted on the upper portion of the base frame (10), and the movable end of each transmission push rod (14) is fixedly connected to the transmission ring (11), A wheel shaft (15) is rotatably mounted on the centrifugal frame (1), a friction wheel (16) is mounted on the wheel shaft (15), the friction wheel (16) is arranged below the transmission ring (11), and transmission teeth are provided on the friction wheel (16) and the transmission ring (11), a first bevel gear is mounted on the wheel shaft (15) and the transmission core shaft (2), and the two first bevel gears are meshed with each other, a first linear transmission module (17) is mounted on the double vibration frame (3), and the first linear transmission module (17) is in transmission connection with the mold moving frame (5).

3. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission sleeve shaft (22) is fixedly provided with a first guide groove with two ends opened and slidably connected to the transmission core shaft (2), and the driven sleeve shaft (23) is fixedly provided with a second guide groove with two ends opened and slidably connected to the driven core shaft (20). The cross sections of the first guide groove, the second guide groove, the transmission core shaft (2) and the driven core shaft (20) are all regular polygons. A solid shaft (28) is rotatably mounted on the single vibration frame (18). The solid shaft (28) and the horizontal screw rod (21 ) are both provided with a second bevel gear, and the two second bevel gears are orthogonally meshed. An elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt (29) is installed on the driven sleeve shaft (23) for transmission. The solid shaft (28), the driven sleeve shaft (23) and the guide shaft (4) are all connected to the elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt (29) for transmission. The elastic tensioning synchronous toothed belt (29) is made of elastic rubber. A third synchronous toothed belt is connected between the driven core shaft (20) and the vertical screw rod (19).

4. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The center angle corresponding to the notched large gear (24) is 180°, the center angle corresponding to the notched small gear (25) is 100°, and the center angles corresponding to the two transmission interruption zones are both 40°. The radii of the notched large gear (24) and the notched small gear (25) and the radii of the two full gears (26) are all the same, and the radius of the notched large gear (24) is 8 to 10 times the radius of the full gear (26).

5. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A right square shaft (30) is rotatably mounted on the double vibration frame (3), and a third bevel gear is mounted on both the right square shaft (30) and the guide shaft (4), and the two third bevel gears are orthogonally meshed. A hollow right shaft (31) driven by the right square shaft (30) is rotatably mounted on the mold moving frame (5), and a right gear (32) is mounted on both the hollow right shaft (31) and the movable rotary mold seat (7), and the two right gears (32) are meshed with each other. A left gear (33) is mounted on both the right square shaft (30) and the fixed rotary mold seat (6), and the two left gears (33) are meshed with each other.

6. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 5, characterized in that: The piston injection component includes a casting tube (34) rotatably connected to the bottom of the casting cylinder (9), a hollow left shaft (35) rotatably connected to the casting cylinder (9), and a piston disc (36) arranged in the injection cavity. The back of the piston disc (36) is equipped with a left square shaft (37) driven by the hollow left shaft (35). The casting cylinder (9) is equipped with a second linear transmission module (38). The second linear transmission module (38) is equipped with a feeding pressure plate (39) for transmission. The left square shaft (37) is rotatably mounted on the feeding pressure plate (39). The hollow left shaft (35) is linked to the right square shaft (30).

7. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hollow right shaft (31) is fixedly provided with a first polygonal groove with two ends opened and slidably connected to the right shaft (30), and the hollow left shaft (35) is fixedly provided with a second polygonal groove with two ends opened and slidably connected to the left shaft (37). The cross sections of the first polygonal groove, the second polygonal groove, the left shaft (37) and the right shaft (30) are all regular hexagons. A shaft cylinder (40) and a belt shaft (41) are rotatably mounted on the casting cylinder (9). A second synchronous toothed belt is connected to the belt shaft (41) and the hollow right shaft (31). A synchronous bevel gear ring is mounted on the shaft cylinder (40). A fourth bevel gear meshing with the linked bevel gear ring is mounted on the belt shaft (41) and the right shaft (30).

8. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhaust assembly comprises a vacuum pump (42) mounted on a base frame (10), an exhaust channel (43) opened in a centrifugal shaft (13), and an exhaust joint mounted on the top of a casting cylinder (9) and connected to a material injection cavity. A corrugated inner conduit is rotatably connected between the exhaust joint and the exhaust channel (43). The vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump (42) is rotatably connected to the exhaust channel (43). An air pressure probe is provided at the vacuum generating end of the vacuum pump (42). A microcontroller (44) connected to the data of the air pressure probe is fixedly mounted on the base frame (10).

9. The high-precision forging die for copper castings according to claim 8, characterized in that: The invention also includes a water-cooling liquid circulation device (45) installed on the base frame (10) and a water-cooling loop (46) opened in the centrifugal shaft (13). The water-cooling liquid circulation device (45) is connected to the water-cooling loop (46). Water-cooling chambers (47) are provided in the fixed rotary die seat (6) and the movable rotary die seat (7) at positions corresponding to the outside of the forging die cavity (8). The water-cooling loop (46) in the centrifugal shaft (13) is connected to the water-cooling chamber (47) in the fixed rotary die seat (6) through a corrugated outer conduit. The water-cooling circulation port of the water-cooling liquid circulation device (45) is connected to the water-cooling chamber (47) in the movable rotary die seat (7) through a circulation branch pipe (48).

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