System and method for suppressing high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration of oversized parts
By dynamically adjusting the clamping stiffness and reverse ultrasonic vibration of the broach and workpiece, the vibration problem during high-speed heavy-load broaching of ultra-large specification parts is solved, and the machining accuracy and tool life are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510597393.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-11
AI Technical Summary
During the high-speed heavy-load broding process of ultra-large specification parts, the vibration phenomenon is serious, affecting the processing accuracy and tool life, and the existing static control technology is difficult to effectively solve.
Dynamic vibration suppression technology is adopted to accurately control and adjust the clamping stiffness of the broach and workpiece, combined with reverse ultrasonic vibration, to suppress vibration of the broach and workpiece.
It effectively suppresses vibration during high-speed heavy-load broking of ultra-large specification parts, improves processing accuracy and product quality, and extends tool life.
Smart Images
Figure CN120286773A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a vibration suppression system and method for high-speed heavy-load broaching of super-large parts Background Art
[0002] In the field of machining, vibration is an inevitable problem. In the process of high-speed heavy-load broaching of super-large parts (such as aero-engine blades, large gears, etc.), due to factors such as large cutting forces, insufficient workpiece rigidity, and the dynamic characteristics of machine tools, vibration is likely to occur. Especially in the broaching process of large workpieces, the broach is long, and objectively, the rigidity of the broach is poor, making it easier to generate vibration. Vibration not only affects machining accuracy and surface quality but also reduces tool life and even causes damage to the machine tool. Existing vibration suppression methods mostly adopt static control techniques, such as increasing the rigidity of the machine tool and the tool, improving the reliability of workpiece clamping, adding damping vibration reduction components, etc., which have a certain vibration suppression effect. However, machining is a dynamic process, and changes in cutting parameters, material properties, and workpiece structure and dimensions affect the dynamic process at any time, making the vibration phenomenon in machining an uncontrollable factor. In the case of machining super-large complex parts and long broaches with poor rigidity, the vibration phenomenon is more serious, and the existing conventional methods simply cannot solve the above problems. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a vibration suppression method and system for high-speed heavy-load broaching of super-large parts to solve the dynamic suppression technology of the vibration process. Such an effective vibration suppression method and system are of great significance for improving machining efficiency and product quality Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibration suppression system and method for high-speed heavy-load broaching of super-large parts, which adopts dynamic vibration suppression technology and aims to suppress vibration in the machining process of large parts through precise control and adjustment, so as to improve machining accuracy and surface quality
[0004] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a vibration suppression system for high-speed heavy-load broaching of super-large parts, which includes a broaching working feed mechanism and a workbench. The broaching working feed mechanism includes a machine base, a broaching drive mechanism, a feed guide rail, a broach positioning and clamping mechanism, and a broaching damping oil cylinder. The broach positioning and clamping mechanism is used to clamp the broach. The broach positioning and clamping mechanism is slidably connected to the machine base through the feed guide rail and is driven by the broaching drive mechanism. The broaching damping oil cylinder is installed on the machine base and provides an adjustable damping force to the broach positioning and clamping mechanism along the broaching feed direction, changing the clamping rigidity of the broach in the axial direction to achieve the purpose of suppressing the axial vibration of the broach. A vibration sensor for detecting the vibration signal of the broach is provided on the broaching working feed mechanism
[0005] The described workbench includes a two-axis vibration-damping slide table and a clamping assembly. The two-axis vibration-damping slide table includes an X-direction moving table, a Y-direction moving table, a two-axis moving plate driven by the X-direction moving table and the Y-direction moving table, and an end vibration-damping assembly mounted on the two-axis moving plate. Both the X-direction moving table and the Y-direction moving table adopt a lead screw slide table structure driven by a motor. An ultrasonic transducer for driving the axial vibration of the lead screw is connected to the lead screws of the X-direction moving table and the Y-direction moving table. The clamping assembly is mounted on the end vibration-damping assembly and is used for clamping the workpiece. A vibration sensor for detecting the vibration signal of the workpiece is provided on the workbench.
[0006] Preferably, the broaching work feed mechanism is used to drive the broach to broach the workpiece clamped on the workbench. The vibration sensor detects the vibration signals of the broach and the workpiece; the vibration of the broach is suppressed by adjusting the clamping stiffness, and the vibration of the workpiece is suppressed by applying reverse ultrasonic vibration.
[0007] Preferably, in the X-direction moving table and the Y-direction moving table, one end of the lead screw is fixed to one end of the corresponding ultrasonic transducer. The ultrasonic transducer is rotatably connected to the corresponding bottom plate.
[0008] Preferably, the end vibration-damping assembly includes a clamping bottom plate and three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers. The three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers are arranged in a triangle and are fixed to the two-axis moving plate at the bottom. The clamping bottom plate is fixed to the tops of the three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers. The described clamping assembly is mounted on the clamping bottom plate.
[0009] Preferably, one Z-direction ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the side of the two-axis moving plate close to the workpiece, and two Z-direction ultrasonic transducers are arranged on the side away from the workpiece.
[0010] Preferably, the broach positioning and clamping mechanism includes a first broach axial clamping device, a second broach axial clamping device, and a broach radial clamping device. The first broach axial clamping device and the second broach axial clamping device have the same structure and both include an axial clamping slide plate and an axial limiting assembly mounted on the axial clamping slide plate. The axial limiting assemblies in the first broach axial clamping device and the second broach axial clamping device are respectively connected to the concave structures at both ends of the broach to provide axial limitation for the broach without clamping the broach. The broach radial clamping device includes a radial clamping slide plate and a radial clamping assembly. The radial clamping assembly is mounted on the radial clamping slide plate to apply radial clamping to one end of the broach. The radial clamping slide plate is fixed together with the axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device and is driven by the broaching drive mechanism. The axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device is connected to the push rod of the broaching damping oil cylinder.
[0011] Preferably, the radial clamping assembly includes a clamping seat and a plurality of clamping units evenly distributed circumferentially along the clamping center. The clamping seat is fixed on the radial clamping slide plate. The clamping unit includes a hydraulic clamping cylinder and a V-shaped clamping block facing the clamping center. The cylinder block of the hydraulic clamping cylinder is fixed on the clamping seat. The V-shaped clamping block is fixed on the piston push rod of the hydraulic clamping cylinder. By adjusting the input pressure of the hydraulic clamping cylinder, the radial clamping force of each V-shaped clamping block is changed, and the radial clamping stiffness of the broach is adjusted to achieve the purpose of suppressing the radial vibration of the broach.
[0012] Preferably, the axial limiting assembly includes a clamping motor, a fixed V-shaped block and a movable V-shaped block. The fixed V-shaped block is fixed on the axial clamping slide plate. The movable V-shaped block is slidably connected to the axial clamping slide plate. The movable V-shaped block approaches or moves away from the fixed V-shaped block under the drive of the clamping motor.
[0013] Preferably, the broaching drive mechanism includes a broaching motor and a feed screw. One end of the feed screw is rotatably connected to the machine base. The feed screw and the nut fixed on the axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device form a screw pair. The feed screw is driven to rotate by the broaching motor.
[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for suppressing vibration in high-speed heavy-duty broaching of super-large-sized parts, which uses the aforementioned system for suppressing vibration in high-speed heavy-duty broaching of super-large-sized parts; the method includes: the broaching drive mechanism drives the broach to perform broaching on the workpiece. The vibration signals of the broach and the workpiece are detected by vibration sensors.
[0015] When the measured axial vibration of the broach exceeds the threshold value, the input pressure of the broaching damping cylinder is adjusted to change the axial clamping stiffness of the broach and suppress the axial vibration of the broach. When the measured radial vibration of the broach exceeds the threshold value, the input pressure of the hydraulic clamping cylinder is adjusted to change the radial clamping stiffness of the broach and suppress the radial vibration of the broach.
[0016] When the measured mechanical vibration of the workpiece exceeds the threshold value, the ultrasonic transducers in the X-direction moving table, Y-direction moving table and end vibration suppression assembly are activated to apply ultrasonic vibration with the same frequency and opposite amplitude to the workpiece to suppress the vibration of the workpiece.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention provides a vibration suppression system and method for high-speed and heavy-load broaching of extra-large parts. For the vibration of the broach, a dynamic stiffness adjustment method is adopted, that is, the clamping stiffness of the broach in the X, Y, and Z directions is changed to suppress the vibration of the broach in the X, Y, and Z directions; for the vibration of the workpiece, a reverse compensation method is adopted to suppress the vibration of the workpiece in the X, Y, and Z directions and the torsional vibration in the X, Y, and Z directions in the reverse direction. This dynamic vibration suppression technology can suppress the vibration in the machining process through precise control and adjustment, which is of great significance for improving the machining efficiency and product quality of machinery. Therefore, it has significant economic, social, and environmental benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the broaching feed mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the axial clamping device of the broach in the embodiment of the present invention ( Figure 1 sectional view of the A-A section).
[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the radial clamping device of the broach in the embodiment of the present invention ( Figure 1 sectional view of the B-B section).
[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the workbench in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 5 It is a side sectional view of the workbench in the embodiment of the present invention ( Figure 4 sectional view of the C-C section).
[0023] Figure 6 It is a front view of the clamping assembly in the embodiment of the present invention ( Figure 5 view D in).
[0024] Figure 7 It is a block diagram of the control system in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0026] Embodiment Mechanical cutting is a dynamic process. Changes in cutting parameters, material properties, and the structure and dimensions of the workpiece affect the dynamic process at any time, making the vibration phenomenon in machining an uncontrollable factor. In the machining of extra-large and complex parts and in the case of long broaches with poor rigidity, the vibration phenomenon is even more serious. The existing conventional methods mainly through system parameter matching, adding damping vibration reduction components, etc., cannot fundamentally solve the above problems. The vibration suppression system for high-speed heavy-duty broaching of extra-large parts provided in this embodiment adjusts the clamping stiffness dynamically for the workpiece, applies reverse vibration to the workpiece, and effectively realizes the suppression of broaching vibration, specifically as follows: As Figure 1 and Figure 4 shown, a vibration suppression system for high-speed heavy-duty broaching of extra-large parts includes a broaching work feed mechanism, a workbench, and a control system. The broaching work feed mechanism includes a machine base 9, a broaching drive mechanism, a feed guide rail 6, a broach positioning and clamping mechanism, and a broaching damping oil cylinder 2. The broach positioning and clamping mechanism includes a first broach axial clamping device 1, a second broach axial clamping device 4, and a broach radial clamping device 3. The feed guide rail 6 is fixed on the machine base 9.
[0027] The broach positioning and clamping mechanism is used to apply axial and radial limiting and clamping to the broach. The broaching drive mechanism is used to drive the broach positioning and clamping mechanism to move along the feed guide rail 6, and then drive the broach to perform broaching feed motion and reset motion. The broaching damping oil cylinder 2 is used to apply a resistance for adjusting stiffness to suppress vibration to the end of the broach; Taking the broach feed direction as the X-axis direction and the cutting depth direction as the Z-axis direction, a broaching space rectangular coordinate system is established. When the broach generates X-direction vibration, the vibration signal is measured by a vibration sensor, analyzed and calculated by an optimized controller, and a control signal is output to the servo hydraulic valve to adjust the pressure in the broaching damping oil cylinder 2, so as to adjust the X-direction clamping stiffness of the broach by changing the magnitude of the resistance to suppress the vibration of the broach in the X direction.
[0028] As Figure 2 shown, the first broach axial clamping device 1 and the second broach axial clamping device 4 have the same structure, and both include an axial clamping slide plate and an axial limiting component. The axial limiting component includes a clamping motor 4-7, a clamping lead screw 4-4, a fixed V-block 4-1, a movable V-block 4-3, a clamping dovetail guide rail 4-2, a clamping support seat 4-5, and a clamping bearing 4-6. The axial clamping slide plate is slidably connected to the feed guide rail 6. The fixed V-block 4-1 is fixed on the axial clamping slide plate.
[0029] The movable V-shaped block 4-3 is slidably connected to the axial clamping slide plate through the clamping dovetail guide rail 4-2. The clamping screw rod 4-4 is rotatably connected to the axial clamping slide plate through the clamping support seat 4-5 and the clamping bearing 4-6. The clamping screw rod 4-4 is driven to rotate by the clamping motor 4-7; in this embodiment, the output shaft of the clamping motor 4-7 is fixed to the end of the clamping screw rod 4-4. The clamping screw rod 4-4 and the threaded hole or nut on the movable V-shaped block 4-3 form a screw pair. The fixed V-shaped block 4-1 and the adjacent side surfaces of the movable V-shaped block 4-3 are provided with mutually matching V-shaped grooves.
[0030] When the end of the broach is placed on the fixed V-shaped block 4-1, the clamping motor 4-7 drives the movable V-shaped block 4-3 to move through the clamping screw rod 4-4. When the fixed V-shaped block 4-1 and the movable V-shaped block 4-3 hold the broach but have not yet clamped it, the clamping motor 4-7 stops. At this time, the first broach axial clamping device 1 and the second broach axial clamping device 4 respectively have an axial limiting effect on the annular grooves at both ends of the broach, and only hold the broach radially rather than clamp it.
[0031] As Figure 3 shown, the broach radial clamping device 3 includes a radial clamping slide plate and a radial clamping assembly. The radial clamping assembly includes a clamping seat 3-3 and three clamping units (spaced 120° from each other) evenly distributed circumferentially along the clamping center. The radial clamping slide plate is slidably connected to the feed guide rail 6. The radial clamping slide plate and the axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device 1 are of an integrated structure, specifically fixed together through a fastening structure or directly using the same slide plate. In some other embodiments, the number of clamping units is greater than three; each clamping unit is evenly distributed circumferentially along the clamping center.
[0032] The clamping seat 3-3 is fixed on the radial clamping slide plate and is provided with a central through hole. The clamping unit includes a hydraulic clamping cylinder 3-1 and a V-shaped clamping block 3-2 facing the clamping center. The cylinder block of the hydraulic clamping cylinder 3-1 is fixed on the clamping seat 3-3, and the piston push rod faces the clamping center. The V-shaped clamping block 3-2 is fixed on the piston push rod of the hydraulic clamping cylinder 3-1.
[0033] The function of the broach radial clamping device 3 is to radially clamp the broach. When the broach vibrates, the vibration signal detected by the vibration sensor is analyzed and calculated by the optimization controller, and a control signal is output to the servo hydraulic valve to adjust the pressure of the hydraulic clamping cylinder 3-1, changing the clamping stiffness of the broach in the Y and Z directions to suppress the vibration of the broach in the Y and Z directions.
[0034] The broaching drive mechanism includes a broaching motor 10, a feed screw rod 5, a feed support seat 7, and a feed bearing 8. One end of the feed screw rod 5 is rotatably connected to the machine base 9 through the feed support seat 7 and the feed bearing 8. The feed screw rod 5 and the nut fixed to the axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device 1 form a screw pair. The broaching motor 10 is used to drive the feed screw rod 5 to rotate. In this embodiment, the output shaft of the broaching motor 10 is directly fixed to the feed screw rod 5. In some other embodiments, the broaching motor 10 and the feed screw rod 5 are connected through a transmission structure. By adjusting the transmission ratio of the transmission structure, the maximum broaching force output by the broaching motor 10 can be adjusted.
[0035] As Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the workbench includes a two-axis vibration damping slide and a clamping assembly. The two-axis vibration damping slide includes an X-axis moving table, a Y-axis moving table, a two-axis moving plate 22, and an end vibration damping assembly.
[0036] The X-axis moving table includes an X-axis motor 11, an X-axis screw rod 16, an X-axis guide rail 14, an X-axis ultrasonic transducer 15, an X-axis bottom plate 13, and an X-axis bearing 12. The Y-axis moving table includes a Y-axis motor 26, a Y-axis screw rod 23, a Y-axis guide rail 27, a Y-axis ultrasonic transducer 24, a Y-axis bottom plate 17, and a Y-axis bearing 25.
[0037] The X-axis guide rail 14 is fixed to the X-axis bottom plate 13; the Y-axis bottom plate 17 is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail 14. One end of the X-axis screw rod 16 is fixed to one end of the X-axis ultrasonic transducer 15. The other end of the X-axis ultrasonic transducer 15 is rotatably connected to the X-axis bottom plate 13 through a connecting shaft and an X-axis bearing 12. The X-axis motor 11 drives the X-axis screw rod 16 to rotate through the X-axis ultrasonic transducer 15. In this embodiment, the output shaft of the X-axis motor 11 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft of the X-axis ultrasonic transducer 15. The X-axis screw rod 16 and the nut fixed to the bottom of the Y-axis bottom plate 17 form a screw pair.
[0038] The Y-axis guide rail 27 is fixed to the Y-axis bottom plate 17; the two-axis moving plate 22 is slidably connected to the Y-axis guide rail 27. One end of the Y-axis screw rod 23 is fixed to one end of the Y-axis ultrasonic transducer 24. The other end of the Y-axis ultrasonic transducer 24 is rotatably connected to the Y-axis bottom plate 17 through a connecting shaft and a Y-axis bearing 25. The Y-axis motor 26 drives the Y-axis screw rod 23 to rotate through the Y-axis ultrasonic transducer 24. In this embodiment, the output shaft of the Y-axis motor 26 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft of the Y-axis ultrasonic transducer 24. The Y-axis screw rod 23 and the nut fixed to the bottom of the two-axis moving plate 22 form a screw pair.
[0039] The X-direction moving stage is used to adjust the X-direction position of the workpiece. When the workpiece vibrates, the vibration signal detected by the vibration sensor is analyzed and calculated by the optimization controller, and a control signal is output to the ultrasonic generator to control the X-direction ultrasonic transducer 15 to output vibrations with the same frequency and opposite amplitude as the X-direction vibration component of the workpiece, so as to cancel and suppress the vibration of the workpiece in the X-direction in the opposite direction form.
[0040] The Y-direction moving stage is used to adjust the Y-direction position of the workpiece. When the workpiece vibrates, the vibration signal detected by the vibration sensor is analyzed and calculated by the optimization controller, and a control signal is output to the ultrasonic generator to control the Y-direction ultrasonic transducer 24 to output vibrations with the same frequency and opposite amplitude as the Y-direction vibration component of the workpiece, so as to cancel and suppress the vibration of the workpiece in the Y-direction in the opposite direction form.
[0041] The end vibration suppression assembly is installed on the two-axis moving plate 22 and includes a clamping bottom plate 18 and three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers 20. The three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers 20 are arranged in an equilateral triangle and are fixed at the bottom on the two-axis moving plate 22. One Z-direction ultrasonic transducer 20 is arranged on the side of the two-axis moving plate 22 close to the workpiece, and two Z-direction ultrasonic transducers 20 are arranged on the side away from the workpiece. The clamping bottom plate 18 is fixed on the top of the three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers 20.
[0042] The clamping assembly includes a three-jaw chuck 21 and a support block 19. The three-jaw chuck 21 is installed on the clamping bottom plate 18, and the clamping axis is parallel to the axis of the Y-direction lead screw 23. The support block 19 is fixed on the clamping bottom plate 18 and abuts against the back side of the three-jaw chuck 21. Three clamping jaws 28 for clamping the workpiece are provided on the three-jaw chuck 21.
[0043] When the workpiece clamped on the three-jaw chuck 21 vibrates, Z-direction damping, X-direction damping moment, Y-direction damping moment, and Z-direction damping moment are generated by the three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers 20, so as to suppress the Z-direction mechanical vibration, X-direction mechanical torsional vibration, Y-direction mechanical torsional vibration, and Z-direction torsional mechanical vibration of the workpiece in the form of opposite-direction vibrations.
[0044] As Figure 7 shown, the control system includes a servo driver, a servo motor, a lead screw nut, a servo pressure regulating valve, a hydraulic cylinder, an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, an optimization controller, a parameter setter, and a vibration sensor. A vibration sensor is installed on the workpiece or the clamping assembly. A vibration sensor is installed on the broach or the workpiece or the broach radial clamping device 3.
[0045] The vibration sensor can detect the vibration displacement, vibration velocity, and vibration acceleration of the workpiece and the broach, and uses existing technologies and devices.
[0046] The method for suppressing the vibration of high-speed heavy-load broaching of super-large-sized parts is as follows: The broaching drive mechanism drives the broach to perform broaching on the workpiece. The vibration signal of the workpiece is detected by a vibration sensor installed on the workpiece or the clamping assembly. The vibration signal of the broach is detected by a vibration sensor installed on the broach or the radial clamping device 3 of the broach. The dynamic vibration suppression technology is adopted to suppress the vibration during the machining process through precise control and adjustment. For the vibration of the broach, the dynamic stiffness adjustment method is adopted, that is, the clamping stiffness of the broach in the X, Y, and Z directions is changed to suppress the vibration of the broach in the X, Y, and Z directions. For the vibration of the workpiece, the reverse compensation method is adopted to suppress the vibration of the workpiece in the X, Y, and Z directions and the torsional vibration in the X, Y, and Z directions in the reverse direction. The specific process is as follows: In the broaching feed direction, a broaching damping oil cylinder 2 is set. When the broach generates vibration in the X direction, the vibration signal in the X direction detected by the vibration sensor is analyzed and calculated by the optimization controller, and a control signal is output to the servo hydraulic valve to adjust the pressure of the broaching damping oil cylinder 2 and change the clamping stiffness of the broach in the X direction to suppress the vibration of the broach in the X direction.
[0047] For the left and right ends of the broach, during the broaching process, vibrations in the Y and Z directions will occur. Therefore, a radial clamping device 3 for the broach is set. When the broach vibrates, the vibration signal detected by the vibration sensor is analyzed and calculated by the optimization controller, and a control signal is output to the servo hydraulic valve to adjust the pressure of the hydraulic clamping oil cylinder 3-1 and change the clamping stiffness of the broach in the Y and Z directions to suppress the vibration of the broach in the Y and Z directions.
[0048] For the vibrations of the workpiece in the X and Y directions, an X-direction moving table and a Y-direction moving table with ultrasonic vibration functions are set. When the workpiece vibrates, the vibration signal detected by the vibration sensor is analyzed and calculated by the optimization controller, and a control signal is output to the ultrasonic generator to control the X-direction ultrasonic transducer 15 and the Y-direction ultrasonic transducer 24 on the X-direction moving table and the Y-direction moving table, so that the workpiece generates ultrasonic vibrations in the X and Y directions to suppress the mechanical vibrations of the workpiece in the X and Y directions in the reverse direction.
[0049] For the Z-direction vibration and the torsional vibrations in the X, Y, and Z directions of the workpiece, an end vibration suppression assembly with ultrasonic vibration functions in the corresponding directions is set. In this way, when the workpiece vibrates, three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers 20 generate Z-direction damping, X-direction damping moment, Y-direction damping moment, and Z-direction damping moment, so as to suppress the X-direction vibration, X-direction torsional vibration, Y-direction torsional vibration, and Z-direction torsional vibration of the workpiece in the reverse direction.
[0050] In this embodiment, vibration sensors are arranged in the X, Y, and Z directions of the broach, as well as in the three displacement and three rotation directions of the workpiece. The vibration signals are measured in real time, analyzed and calculated by an optimization controller, and control signals are output to a servo pressure regulating valve and an ultrasonic generator to control the damping cylinders 2 and the hydraulic clamping cylinder 3-1 of the broaching to generate damping in the corresponding directions, adjust the dynamic stiffness, and suppress the vibration in the corresponding directions. The X-direction ultrasonic transducer 15, the Y-direction ultrasonic transducer 24, and the three Z-direction ultrasonic transducers 20 are controlled to cause the workpiece to generate ultrasonic vibration in the corresponding directions to suppress the vibration of the workpiece in the opposite direction.
[0051] In this embodiment, the principle of suppressing the vibration of the broach is to change the resonance frequency of the broach by changing the clamping stiffness, so as to avoid resonance by avoiding the resonance frequency from the mechanical vibration frequency, thereby playing a role in suppressing vibration.
[0052] In this embodiment, the principle of suppressing the vibration of the workpiece is to apply ultrasonic vibration with the same frequency and opposite amplitude as the mechanical vibration frequency to the workpiece to cancel the mechanical vibration, and the workpiece remains stationary relative to the absolute coordinate system, thereby playing a role in suppressing vibration.
Claims
1. A high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system for extra-large-sized parts, comprising a broaching working feed mechanism and a workbench; the broaching working feed mechanism includes a machine base (9), a broaching drive mechanism, a feed guide rail (6), and a broach positioning and clamping mechanism; characterized in that: The described broaching working feed mechanism further includes a broaching damping oil cylinder (2); the broach positioning and clamping mechanism is used to clamp the broach; the broach positioning and clamping mechanism is slidably connected to the machine base (9) through a feed guide rail (6) and is driven by a broaching drive mechanism; the broaching damping oil cylinder (2) is installed on the machine base (9) and provides an adjustable damping force to the broach positioning and clamping mechanism along the broaching feed direction to change the clamping stiffness of the broach in the axial direction; a vibration sensor for detecting the vibration signal of the broach is provided on the broaching working feed mechanism. The described workbench includes a two-axis vibration suppression slide and a clamping assembly; the two-axis vibration suppression slide includes an X-axis moving table, a Y-axis moving table, a two-axis moving plate (22) driven by the X-axis moving table and the Y-axis moving table, and an end vibration suppression assembly installed on the two-axis moving plate (22); both the X-axis moving table and the Y-axis moving table adopt a screw slide structure driven by a motor; an ultrasonic transducer for driving the axial vibration of the screw is connected to the screw of the X-axis moving table and the Y-axis moving table; the clamping assembly is installed on the end vibration suppression assembly; a vibration sensor for detecting the vibration signal of the workpiece is provided on the workbench.
2. The high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system for an extra-large specification part according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broaching working feed mechanism is used to drive the broach to broach the workpiece clamped on the workbench; the vibration sensor detects the vibration signals of the broach and the workpiece; the vibration of the broach is suppressed by adjusting the clamping stiffness, and the vibration of the workpiece is suppressed by applying reverse ultrasonic vibration.
3. An ultra-large specification part high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the X-axis moving table and the Y-axis moving table, one end of the screw is fixed to one end of the corresponding ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer is rotatably connected to the corresponding bottom plate.
4. An ultra-large specification part high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end vibration suppression assembly includes a clamping bottom plate (18) and three Z-axis ultrasonic transducers (20); the three Z-axis ultrasonic transducers (20) are arranged in a triangle and the bottom is fixed on the two-axis moving plate (22); the clamping bottom plate (18) is fixed on the tops of the three Z-axis ultrasonic transducers (20); the described clamping assembly is installed on the clamping bottom plate (18).
5. The high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system for an extra-large specification part according to claim 4, wherein: One Z-axis ultrasonic transducer (20) is arranged on the side of the two-axis moving plate (22) close to the workpiece, and two Z-axis ultrasonic transducers (20) are arranged on the side away from the workpiece.
6. The high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system for extra-large parts according to claim 1, wherein: The described broach positioning and clamping mechanism includes a first broach axial clamping device (1), a second broach axial clamping device (4), and a broach radial clamping device (3); the first broach axial clamping device (1) and the second broach axial clamping device (4) have the same structure, each including an axial clamping slide plate and an axial limit component mounted on the axial clamping slide plate; the axial limit components in the first broach axial clamping device (1) and the second broach axial clamping device (4) are respectively connected to the concave structures at both ends of the broach to provide axial limit for the broach without clamping the broach; the broach radial clamping device (3) includes a radial clamping slide plate and a radial clamping component; the radial clamping component is mounted on the radial clamping slide plate to apply radial clamping to one end of the broach; the radial clamping slide plate is fixed together with the axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device (1) and is driven by a broaching drive mechanism; the axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device (1) is connected to the push rod of the broaching damping oil cylinder (2).
7. A high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system for extra-large-sized parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The described radial clamping component includes a clamping seat (3-3) and a plurality of clamping units evenly distributed circumferentially along the clamping center; the clamping seat (3-3) is fixed on the radial clamping slide plate; the clamping unit includes a hydraulic clamping oil cylinder (3-1) and a V-shaped clamping block (3-2) facing the clamping center; the cylinder body of the hydraulic clamping oil cylinder (3-1) is fixed on the clamping seat (3-3); the V-shaped clamping block (3-2) is fixed on the piston push rod of the hydraulic clamping oil cylinder (3-1); by adjusting the input pressure of the hydraulic clamping oil cylinder (3-1), the radial clamping force of each V-shaped clamping block (3-2) is changed to adjust the clamping stiffness of the broach in the radial direction.
8. The high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system for extra-large specification parts according to claim 6, wherein: The described axial limit component includes a clamping motor (4-7), a fixed V-shaped block (4-1), and a movable V-shaped block (4-3); the fixed V-shaped block (4-1) is fixed on the axial clamping slide plate; the movable V-shaped block (4-3) is slidably connected to the axial clamping slide plate; the movable V-shaped block (4-3) approaches or moves away from the fixed V-shaped block (4-1) under the drive of the clamping motor (4-7).
9. The high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system for an extra-large specification part according to claim 6, characterized in that: The described broaching drive mechanism includes a broaching motor (10) and a feed screw rod (5); one end of the feed screw rod (5) is rotatably connected to the machine base (9); the feed screw rod (5) forms a screw pair with the nut fixed on the axial clamping slide plate in the first broach axial clamping device (1); the feed screw rod (5) is driven to rotate by the broaching motor (10).
10. A method for suppressing vibration during high-speed and heavy-load broaching of extra-large-sized parts, characterized in that, Use the ultra-large specification part high-speed heavy-load broaching vibration suppression system described in claim 7; the method includes: the broaching drive mechanism drives the broach to perform broaching on the workpiece; the vibration signals of the broach and the workpiece are detected by vibration sensors; When the measured axial vibration of the broach exceeds the threshold, adjust the input pressure of the broaching damping oil cylinder (2) to change the axial clamping stiffness of the broach and suppress the axial vibration of the broach; when the measured radial vibration of the broach exceeds the threshold, adjust the input pressure of the hydraulic clamping oil cylinder (3-1) to change the radial clamping stiffness of the broach and suppress the radial vibration of the broach; When the measured mechanical vibration of the workpiece exceeds the threshold value, the ultrasonic transducers in the X-direction moving stage, Y-direction moving stage and the end vibration suppression assembly are activated to apply ultrasonic vibration with the same frequency and opposite amplitude to the mechanical vibration to suppress the vibration of the workpiece.