Thermal guarantee device and control method thereof, electric energy equipment and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat guarantee device and a control method thereof, electric energy equipment and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of rail transit air conditioners, and the control method of the heat guarantee device comprises the steps that mode switching is conducted according to environment information, and the modes capable of being switched comprise a refrigeration mode and a heating mode; in the heating mode, in-mode control is carried out according to cooling liquid information, the controllable condition comprises a plurality of heater branches, the heater branches are arranged in the liquid cooling branch in parallel, and multi-stage adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch is achieved by controlling the opening and closing number of the heater branches. According to the control method of the heat guarantee device, the problem that in the prior art, accurate control over the cooling liquid temperature is difficult to achieve through a single high-power electric heater is solved, and the stability and accuracy of the heat guarantee device for cooling liquid temperature adjustment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of rail transit air conditioners, and particularly to a thermal protection device, its control method, electrical energy equipment, and vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The efficient operation of the thermal protection device is crucial for ensuring the performance and safety of the equipment. With the development of technology, various battery thermal protection devices have been widely used in fields such as new energy locomotives to ensure that the battery operates within an appropriate working temperature range, thereby extending the battery life and improving its performance.

[0003] Generally, these devices achieve temperature control of the battery through complex liquid cooling circuits and refrigeration circuits. However, the existing thermal protection devices have certain limitations in the design of electric heating.

[0004] In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that the prior art has at least the following problems: Currently, conventional liquid cooling circuit electric heaters usually use a single high-power electric heater. In the case of large ambient temperature changes or high requirements for temperature regulation accuracy of power batteries, the control method of a single high-power electric heater is likely to cause fluctuations in the coolant temperature, thereby affecting the performance and service life of the power battery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a control method for a thermal protection device, which improves the problem that it is difficult to accurately control the coolant temperature with a single high-power electric heater in the prior art, and improves the stability and accuracy of the thermal protection device in regulating the coolant temperature. Another purpose of this application is to provide a thermal protection device, electrical energy equipment, and vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides a control method for a thermal protection device, including:

[0007] Perform mode switching according to environmental information, and the modes available for switching include a refrigeration mode and a heating mode;

[0008] In the heating mode, perform in-mode control according to coolant information. The conditions available for control include multiple heater branches, and the multiple heater branches are connected in parallel in the liquid cooling branch. By controlling the number of opened and closed heater branches, multi-level adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch is achieved.

[0009] In some embodiments, the steps of the heating mode further include:

[0010] The conditions available for control further include a flow regulator, and the flow regulator is arranged in the heater branch. By controlling the opening and closing degree of the flow regulator, stepless adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch is achieved.

[0011] In some embodiments, the steps of the heating mode further include:

[0012] The heating power of the heater is Q, and Q is a non - negative number;

[0013] The number of the heater branches is N, and N is a positive integer greater than 1;

[0014] The heating power of the liquid - cooling branch can be adjusted within the range of {(k1 + k2)Q|k1 = 0, 1,..., N - 1; k2 ∈ [0, 1]}, where k1 is a multi - stage adjustment coefficient and k2 is a stepless adjustment coefficient.

[0015] In some embodiments, the steps of switching the mode according to the environmental information further include:

[0016] Judge the relationship between the environmental information and the mode - switching information. The mode - switching information includes a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, and the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold;

[0017] When the environmental temperature of the environmental information is greater than the first temperature threshold, switch to the cooling mode;

[0018] When the environmental temperature of the environmental information is less than the second temperature threshold, switch to the heating mode.

[0019] In some embodiments, the steps of switching the mode according to the environmental information further include:

[0020] The modes available for switching further include a transition mode;

[0021] When the environmental temperature of the environmental information is between the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold, switch to the transition mode;

[0022] In the transition mode, predict according to the change trend of the environmental temperature of the environmental information, and at the same time perform in - mode control according to the coolant information.

[0023] In some embodiments, the environmental information includes the environmental temperature, which is monitored and obtained by an environmental temperature sensor;

[0024] The coolant information includes the outlet water temperature and the return water temperature. The outlet water temperature is monitored and obtained by an outlet water temperature sensor, and the return water temperature is monitored and obtained by a return water temperature sensor.

[0025] The present application also provides a thermal protection device that applies the above thermal protection device control method. The thermal protection device includes a liquid cooling branch, in which a plurality of heater branches are connected in parallel. The thermal protection device further includes a heat exchanger and a refrigeration circuit. The heat exchanger is provided with a refrigerant flow channel and a coolant flow channel capable of heat exchange. The refrigerant flow channel is communicated with the refrigeration circuit, and the coolant flow channel is communicated with the liquid cooling branch.

[0026] In some embodiments, the thermal protection device further includes an air cooling branch, which is connected in parallel with the liquid cooling branch. The first parallel node of the liquid cooling branch and the air cooling branch is located upstream of the liquid inlet end of the coolant flow channel. The air cooling branch is communicated with an air cooler.

[0027] The present application also provides an electrical energy device including the above thermal protection device.

[0028] The present application also provides a vehicle including the above electrical energy device.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the thermal protection device control method provided by the present application mainly includes: performing mode switching according to environmental information, and the modes available for switching include a refrigeration mode and a heating mode; in the heating mode, performing in-mode control according to coolant information, and the conditions available for control include a plurality of heater branches, which are connected in parallel in the liquid cooling branch. By controlling the opening and closing numbers of the plurality of heater branches, multi-stage regulation of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch is achieved.

[0030] In the prior art, when a single high-power electric heater is used for heating a liquid cooling circuit, since its power is fixed and non-adjustable, it is difficult to accurately control the temperature of the coolant according to actual requirements. This design is likely to cause fluctuations in the coolant temperature when facing different ambient temperatures and high requirements for temperature regulation accuracy of power batteries, affecting the performance and service life of power batteries. In addition, a single high-power electric heater lacks flexibility during operation. Once a failure occurs, the entire heating system will not be able to work properly, reducing the reliability of the system.

[0031] To solve the above problems, the thermal protection device control method provided by the present application realizes multi-stage regulation of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch by introducing a plurality of heater branches connected in parallel in the liquid cooling branch and performing in-mode control according to coolant information. Specifically, by controlling the opening and closing numbers of the plurality of heater branches, the heating power can be flexibly adjusted according to actual requirements. For example, when the coolant requires a lower heating power, only some heater branches are turned on; while when a higher heating power is required, more branches can be turned on. This multi-stage regulation method can effectively avoid the problem of coolant temperature fluctuations caused by the fixed power of a single high-power electric heater, thereby achieving precise control of the coolant temperature.

[0032] In addition, the design of multi-stage regulation also has significant energy-saving effects. By flexibly adjusting the heating power according to actual needs, it effectively avoids the situation where a traditional single high-power electric heater still operates at the maximum power under low-load demand, thus reducing unnecessary energy consumption. At the same time, the parallel setting of multiple heater branches also has a backup effect. When a certain heater branch fails, other branches can still operate normally, effectively ensuring the stable operation of the heating system and improving the stability and reliability of the system. This design not only improves the problem that it is difficult to accurately control the coolant temperature with a single high-power electric heater in the prior art, but also enhances the overall performance of the thermal protection device through multi-stage regulation, energy saving, and backup functions.

[0033] Combined with the above structural and process descriptions, it can be seen that the control method of this thermal protection device has at least the following beneficial effects: The control method of this thermal protection device improves the problem that it is difficult to accurately control the coolant temperature with a single high-power electric heater in the prior art, and improves the stability and accuracy of the thermal protection device in regulating the coolant temperature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a relational diagram of the control method of the thermal protection device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the thermal protection device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling branch provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 It is another schematic diagram of the thermal protection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Wherein:

[0041] Thermal protection device 100,

[0042] Refrigeration circuit 1,

[0043] Liquid cooling circuit 2, liquid cooling branch 201, heater branch 2011, first heating branch 20111, second heating branch 20112, return water sub-branch 2012, outlet water sub-branch 2013, air-cooling branch 202, return water main path 203, outlet water main path 204

[0044] Heat exchanger 3, refrigerant flow channel 301, coolant flow channel 302

[0045] Air cooler 4, second heat exchange structure 401, refrigeration fan 402

[0046] Return water temperature sensor 5

[0047] Outlet water temperature sensor 6

[0048] First control valve 7

[0049] Second control valve 8

[0050] Heater 9, first heater 901, second heater 902, flow regulator 903

[0051] First heat exchange structure 10

[0052] Compressor 11

[0053] Gas-liquid separator 12

[0054] Low-pressure pressure sensor 13

[0055] Suction temperature sensor 14

[0056] First fluorine injection nozzle 15

[0057] Check valve 16

[0058] Discharge temperature sensor 17

[0059] Second fluorine injection nozzle 18

[0060] High-pressure pressure sensor 19

[0061] High-pressure pressure switch 20

[0062] Third fluorine injection nozzle 21

[0063] Filter 22

[0064] Liquid sight glass 23

[0065] Electronic expansion valve 24

[0066] Circulation pump 25

[0067] Automatic exhaust valve 26

[0068] Expansion tank 27

[0069] Liquid injection port 28,

[0070] Return water pressure sensor 29,

[0071] Impurity filter 30,

[0072] Liquid discharge port 31,

[0073] Outlet water pressure sensor 32. Specific embodiments

[0074] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0075] In order to enable those skilled in the art of the present technology to better understand the solution of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0076] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , wherein, Figure 1 is a relationship diagram of the thermal protection device control method provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the thermal protection device provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling branch provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0077] As Figure 1 shown, the objects involved in the thermal protection device control method include the thermal protection device 100 and the part that implements thermal management under the action of the thermal protection device 100, such as a battery cabinet. In the relationship between the thermal protection device 100 and the battery cabinet, the controller of the thermal protection device 100 performs thermal management control on the battery cabinet according to the environmental information and coolant information. Among them, the battery cabinet is specifically, for example, the power battery cabinet of a new energy locomotive.

[0078] As Figure 2 shown, the thermal protection device 100 mainly includes a refrigeration circuit 1, a liquid cooling circuit 2, and a heat exchanger 3. The thermal protection device 100 realizes precise control of the coolant temperature through the coordinated action of the refrigeration circuit 1, the liquid cooling circuit 2, and the heat exchanger 3. Among them, the refrigeration circuit 1 is specifically, for example, a compression refrigeration circuit.

[0079] The refrigeration circuit 1 is responsible for providing the refrigeration function and transferring heat through the refrigerant cycle; the liquid cooling circuit 2 is responsible for circulating the coolant to provide stable temperature regulation for the equipment that needs to be cooled; the heat exchanger 3 serves as a bridge between the two to achieve heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant, thereby ensuring that the coolant maintains an appropriate temperature in the liquid cooling circuit 2. This structure enables the thermal protection device 100 to flexibly adjust the temperature of the coolant under different working conditions to meet the thermal management requirements of the equipment.

[0080] In some cases, both ends of the liquid cooling circuit 2 are connected to two interfaces of the battery cabinet.

[0081] As Figure 3 shown, the liquid cooling circuit 2 includes a liquid cooling branch 201. The liquid cooling branch 201 includes a heater branch 2011, a return water sub-branch 2012, and an outlet water sub-branch 2013. The heater branch 2011 is connected in parallel between the return water sub-branch 2012 and the outlet water sub-branch 2013, and the heater 9 is arranged in the heater branch 2011.

[0082] In the first specific embodiment, the embodiment of the present application provides a control method for the thermal protection device, which is applicable to the controller / controller system / control system of the thermal protection device 100. Therefore, it is also a control method for the thermal protection device 100. The control method mainly includes: performing mode switching according to the environmental information, and the available switching modes include the refrigeration mode and the heating mode; in the heating mode, performing in-mode control according to the coolant information, and the available control conditions include multiple heater branches 2011. The multiple heater branches are connected in parallel in the liquid cooling branch 201, and by controlling the opening and closing numbers of the multiple heater branches, multi-level adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 is achieved.

[0083] In the prior art, when a single high-power electric heater is used for heating the liquid cooling circuit 2, due to its fixed and non-adjustable power, it is difficult to accurately control the temperature of the coolant according to actual needs. This design is likely to cause fluctuations in the coolant temperature and affect the performance and service life of the power battery when facing different environmental temperatures and high requirements for temperature regulation accuracy of the power battery. In addition, a single high-power electric heater lacks flexibility during operation. Once a failure occurs, the entire heating system will not be able to work properly, reducing the reliability of the system.

[0084] In view of the above problems, the control method of the thermal protection device provided by the present application realizes multi-level adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 by introducing multiple heater branches 2011 connected in parallel in the liquid cooling branch 201 and performing in-mode control according to the coolant information. Specifically, by controlling the number of opened and closed heater branches, the heating power can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. For example, when the coolant requires a lower heating power, only some of the heater branches are turned on; while when a higher heating power is needed, more branches can be turned on. This multi-level adjustment method can effectively avoid the problem of coolant temperature fluctuations caused by the fixed power of a single high-power electric heater, thereby achieving precise control of the coolant temperature.

[0085] In addition, the design of multi-level adjustment also has significant energy-saving effects. By flexibly adjusting the heating power according to actual needs, it effectively avoids the situation where a traditional single high-power electric heater still operates at the maximum power under low-load demands, thereby reducing unnecessary energy consumption. At the same time, the parallel setting of multiple heater branches also has a backup effect. When a certain heater branch fails, the other branches can still operate normally, ensuring the stable operation of the heating system and improving the stability and reliability of the system. This design not only improves the problem that it is difficult for a single high-power electric heater in the prior art to achieve precise control of the coolant temperature, but also enhances the overall performance of the thermal protection device 100 through multi-level adjustment, energy saving, and backup functions.

[0086] Combined with the above structural and process descriptions, it can be seen that the control method of the thermal protection device has at least the following beneficial effects: The control method of the thermal protection device improves the problem that it is difficult for a single high-power electric heater in the prior art to achieve precise control of the coolant temperature, and improves the stability and accuracy of the thermal protection device 100 in adjusting the coolant temperature.

[0087] As Figure 3 shown, the heater branch 2011 is divided into a first heating branch 20111 and a second heating branch 20112 according to different component settings. The first heater 901 is provided in the first heating branch 20111, and the second heater 902 and the flow regulating member 903 are provided in the second heating branch 20112.

[0088] In some embodiments, the steps of the heating mode further include: The controllable conditions also include the flow regulating member 903. The flow regulating member 903 is provided in the heater branch 2011, and by controlling the opening and closing degree of the flow regulating member 903, stepless adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 is achieved.

[0089] In this embodiment, the thermal protection device 100 introduces a flow regulating member 903, and at the same time, the thermal protection device control method introduces the control of the flow regulating member 903, further optimizing the regulation ability of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201. The flow regulating member 903 is arranged in the heater branch 2011, and by controlling its opening and closing degree, stepless regulation of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 can be achieved. This design enables the thermal protection device 100 in the heating mode to not only perform multi-level regulation by the number of opened and closed heater branches 2011, but also achieve more precise power control through the flow regulating member 903, thereby improving the accuracy and flexibility of the coolant temperature regulation.

[0090] Under different working conditions, by adjusting the opening degree of the flow regulating member 903, the flow rate and flow of the coolant can be flexibly adjusted to ensure that the heating power can be steplessly regulated according to actual needs. This stepless regulation ability not only improves the control accuracy of the thermal protection device 100 for the coolant temperature, but also enables it to quickly respond and adjust the heating power when the ambient temperature changes or the coolant demand fluctuates, thus better meeting the thermal management requirements of the equipment.

[0091] Specifically, multiple heater branches 2011 in the liquid cooling branch 201 are arranged in parallel and are divided into a first heating branch 20111 and a second heating branch 20112. Only the first heater 901 is arranged in the first heating branch 20111, while both the second heater 902 and the flow regulating member 903 are arranged in the second heating branch 20112. Under such a structural arrangement, when the coolant requires a lower heating power, only the first heater 901 in the first heating branch 20111 can be turned on to meet the basic heating demand by controlling its working state. When the coolant requires a higher heating power, the second heater 902 in the second heating branch 20112 can be activated, and at the same time, by adjusting the flow regulating member 903, the flow of the coolant through the second heater 902 can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving a wider range of heating power regulation. When the coolant requires a further increase in heating power, the number of opened first heating branches 20111 can be increased.

[0092] In some embodiments, the steps of the heating mode further include: the heating power of the heater 9 is Q, where Q is a non-negative number; the number of heater branches 2011 is N, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 can be regulated within the range of {(k1 + k2)Q|k1 = 0, 1,..., N - 1; k2 ∈ [0, 1]}, where k1 is the multi-level regulation coefficient and k2 is the stepless regulation coefficient.

[0093] In this embodiment, the heating mode of the thermal protection device 100 further optimizes the control of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 through an accurate power adjustment mechanism. Specifically, the heating power of the heater 9 is defined as Q, where Q is a non-negative number representing the basic heating capacity of each heater. The number of heater branches 2011 is N, and N is a positive integer greater than 1, indicating that multiple heater branches 2011 are arranged in parallel in the liquid cooling branch 201 to achieve a multi-stage adjustment function.

[0094] The heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 can be adjusted within the range of {(k1 + k2)Q|k1 = 0, 1,..., N - 1; k2 ∈ [0, 1]}, where k1 is the multi-stage adjustment coefficient and k2 is the stepless adjustment coefficient. This adjustment method combines the advantages of multi-stage adjustment and stepless adjustment, making the control of the heating power more flexible and accurate.

[0095] Specifically, the heating powers of the first heater 901 and the second heater 902 are both Q, but their differences lie in the set positions and functions. The first heater 901 is located in the first heating branch 20111, while the second heater 902 is located in the second heating branch 20112. The first heating branch 20111 is set to be one or more, and the second heating branch 20112 is usually set to be one. The sum of the numbers of the first heating branch 20111 and the second heating branch 20112 is equal to N.

[0096] The multi-stage adjustment coefficient k1 corresponds to the number of first heaters 901 turned on in the first heating branch 20111. That is, by controlling the number of first heaters 901 turned on in the first heating branch 20111, multi-stage adjustment of the heating power can be achieved. For example, when k1 = 0, the first heating branch 20111 is not turned on and the heating power is 0; when k1 = 1, one heater in the first heating branch 20111 is turned on and the heating power is Q; and so on. When k1 = N - 1, all the first heating branches 20111 are turned on and the heating power is (N - 1)Q.

[0097] The stepless adjustment coefficient k2 corresponds to the opening and closing degree of the flow regulating member 903 in the second heating branch 20112. By adjusting the opening of the flow regulating member 903, the change in the coolant flow rate in the second heating branch 20112 can be realized, thereby achieving stepless adjustment of the heating power. For example, when k2 = 0, the flow regulating member 903 is completely closed and the second heating branch 20112 does not participate in heating; when k2 = 1, the flow regulating member 903 is completely opened and the second heating branch 20112 participates in heating with the maximum flow rate; and when k2 is between 0 and 1, the partial opening of the flow regulating member 903 enables the heating power to be continuously adjustable between 0 and Q.

[0098] Through this way of combining multi-level adjustment and stepless adjustment, the heating power of the liquid cooling branch 201 can be precisely controlled within a wide range. This design not only improves the accuracy of the thermal protection device 100 in adjusting the coolant temperature, but also enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the system, enabling it to better meet the requirements of different working conditions.

[0099] In addition, the "heating power" in this embodiment does not refer to the rated power of the heater 9, but the working power when the heater 9 is operating, such as the power in the shutdown state and the power in the operating state. This embodiment does not limit the specific working state, and the heating power is not a calibrated value like the rated power.

[0100] In some cases, taking the embodiment where the number N of the heater branches 2011 is 2 as an example, the number of the first heating branches 20111 is 1, and the power of the first heating branch 20111 can be switched between 0 and Q. The number of the second heating branches 20112 is 1, and the power of the second heating branch 20112 can be adjusted steplessly between 0 and Q. Therefore, when the first heating branch 20111 is not started, the total heating power can be adjusted steplessly between 0 and Q, which is suitable for flexible change scenarios with low power requirements; when the first heating branch 20111 is started, the total heating power can be adjusted steplessly between Q and 2Q, which is suitable for flexible change scenarios with high power requirements.

[0101] In some embodiments, the step of switching modes according to the environmental information further includes: judging the relationship between the environmental information and the mode switching information, where the mode switching information includes a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, and the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold; when the environmental temperature of the environmental information is greater than the first temperature threshold, switch to the cooling mode; when the environmental temperature of the environmental information is less than the second temperature threshold, switch to the heating mode.

[0102] In this embodiment, the thermal protection device control method further optimizes the logic of mode switching. By introducing the judgment of the relationship between the environmental information and the mode switching information, more precise and flexible mode switching control is achieved. Specifically, the mode switching information includes two key parameters: the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold, where the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold. These two thresholds provide clear switching conditions for the system, enabling the thermal protection device 100 to automatically adjust the working mode according to the change of the environmental temperature to meet the thermal management requirements under different working conditions.

[0103] When the ambient temperature of the environmental information is higher than the first temperature threshold, the thermal protection device 100 switches to the cooling mode. This design is to cope with high-temperature environments and effectively ensure that the coolant temperature can be quickly reduced to a suitable range, thus providing a stable cooling effect for equipment such as battery cabinets. In the cooling mode, the cooling circuit 1 transfers heat through the refrigerant cycle to reduce the temperature of the coolant to meet the equipment's demand for a low-temperature environment.

[0104] On the contrary, when the ambient temperature of the environmental information is lower than the second temperature threshold, the thermal protection device 100 switches to the heating mode. This mode is mainly used in low-temperature environments to heat the coolant through the heater branch 2011 to ensure that the coolant temperature can be maintained within a suitable range, thus ensuring the normal operation of the equipment. In the heating mode, the system can adjust the heating power precisely by controlling the number of heater branches 2011 (specifically, the number of the first heating branch 20111) and the opening degree of the flow regulating member 903 according to the actual demand of the coolant.

[0105] Through this mode switching logic based on the ambient temperature threshold, the thermal protection device 100 can automatically adapt to different environmental conditions and ensure that the system always operates in the best state. This design not only improves the automation level of the system but also enhances the reliability and adaptability of the system, enabling it to operate stably within a wider range of ambient temperatures.

[0106] In some embodiments, the step of switching modes according to the environmental information further includes: the modes available for switching also include a transition mode; when the ambient temperature of the environmental information is between the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold, switch to the transition mode; in the transition mode, predict according to the change trend of the ambient temperature of the environmental information, and at the same time perform in-mode control according to the coolant information.

[0107] In this embodiment, the thermal protection device control method further introduces a transition mode to optimize the operation strategy under the condition that the ambient temperature is between the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold. The core of this transition mode lies in the prediction of the change trend of the ambient temperature, so as to perform thermal management control more leadingly on the time axis, rather than simply switching between the cooling or heating modes. It is an intelligent dynamic switch.

[0108] When the ambient temperature of the environmental information is between the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold, the thermal protection device 100 switches to the transition mode. In the transition mode, the system is no longer limited to a single cooling or heating mode, but dynamically adjusts according to the change trend of the ambient temperature. The core of this dynamic adjustment lies in predicting the future change of the ambient temperature, so as to make a reaction in advance to ensure that the coolant temperature always remains within a suitable range.

[0109] The method for judging the change trend in the transition mode is not limited in this embodiment. For example, the rising or falling trend can be judged by monitoring the change rate of the ambient temperature. If the change rate of the ambient temperature indicates that the temperature is about to rise, the system can switch to the cooling mode in advance; conversely, if the change rate indicates that the temperature is about to fall, the system can switch to the heating mode in advance. In addition, more complex time series analysis or machine learning algorithms can be used to predict the change trend of the ambient temperature, so as to achieve more precise control. These methods all fall within the scope of the description of this embodiment.

[0110] By introducing the transition mode, the thermal protection device 100 can more flexibly adjust the working mode under the condition of large fluctuations in the ambient temperature, and avoid system instability caused by frequent switching between the cooling and heating modes. This prediction-based change trend control method not only improves the response speed and control accuracy of the system, but also enhances the adaptability and reliability of the system, enabling it to better cope with complex environmental conditions.

[0111] In some embodiments, the environmental information includes the ambient temperature, which is monitored and obtained by the ambient temperature sensor; the coolant information includes the outlet water temperature and the return water temperature, the outlet water temperature is monitored and obtained by the outlet water temperature sensor 6, and the return water temperature is monitored and obtained by the return water temperature sensor 5.

[0112] In this embodiment, the acquisition of the environmental information and the coolant information is the basis for realizing the precise control of the thermal protection device 100. Specifically, the environmental information mainly includes the ambient temperature, which is monitored and obtained by the ambient temperature sensor. By monitoring the ambient temperature in real time, the thermal protection device 100 can accurately understand the current external environmental conditions, thereby providing a basis for mode switching and the formulation of control strategies.

[0113] The coolant information includes the outlet water temperature and the return water temperature, and these two parameters are monitored and obtained by the outlet water temperature sensor 6 and the return water temperature sensor 5 respectively. The outlet water temperature reflects the temperature state of the coolant when it enters the equipment (such as the battery cabinet) after being heated or cooled, while the return water temperature indicates the temperature of the coolant when it returns from the equipment to the thermal protection device 100. These two temperature parameters are crucial for evaluating the temperature change of the coolant during the circulation process and the heat exchange effect of the equipment.

[0114] Through the collaborative monitoring of the ambient temperature sensor, the outlet water temperature sensor 6, and the return water temperature sensor 5, the thermal protection device 100 can comprehensively grasp the current thermal management working conditions. The real-time data provided by these sensors not only provides an accurate basis for judging the switching between the refrigeration mode, the heating mode, and the transition mode, but also provides data support for the fine control within the mode. For example, in the transition mode, the system can dynamically adjust the opening and closing quantity of the heater branch 2011 and the opening degree of the flow regulating member 903 according to the change trend of the ambient temperature and the outlet and return water temperatures of the coolant, so as to achieve precise regulation of the coolant temperature.

[0115] In addition, this sensor-based real-time monitoring system also enhances the automation and intelligence level of the thermal protection device 100, enabling it to automatically optimize the operation strategy under different working conditions, improve the overall performance and reliability of the system. By accurately obtaining the ambient information and coolant information, the thermal protection device 100 can better meet the thermal management requirements of the equipment and ensure its stable operation under various environmental conditions.

[0116] Please continue to refer to Figures 2 to 4 , this application also provides a thermal protection device 100. Applying the above thermal protection device control method, the thermal protection device 100 includes a liquid cooling branch 201. A plurality of heater branches 2011 are arranged in parallel in the liquid cooling branch 201. The thermal protection device 100 also includes a heat exchanger 3 and a refrigeration circuit 1. The heat exchanger 3 is provided with a refrigerant flow channel 301 and a coolant flow channel 302 capable of performing heat exchange. The refrigerant flow channel 301 is communicated with the refrigeration circuit 1, and the coolant flow channel 302 is communicated with the liquid cooling branch 201.

[0117] As Figure 3 shown, the liquid cooling circuit 2 includes a liquid cooling branch 201, a return water main path 203, and an outlet water main path 204. The outlet water main path 204 is communicated with an outlet water sub-branch 2013, and the outlet water main path 204 is provided with an outlet water temperature sensor 6. The return water main path 203 is communicated with a return water sub-branch 2012, and the return water main path 203 is provided with a return water temperature sensor 5.

[0118] In some cases, the return water main path 203 accesses the first interface of the battery cabinet, and the outlet water main path 204 accesses the second interface of the battery cabinet.

[0119] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 3 is provided with a refrigerant flow channel 301 and a coolant flow channel 302 capable of performing heat exchange. The refrigeration circuit 1 is communicated with the refrigerant flow channel 301, and the refrigerant circulates therein to achieve a refrigeration cycle; the liquid cooling circuit 2 is communicated with the coolant flow channel 302, and the coolant circulates therein to absorb and dissipate heat.

[0120] A plurality of heater branches 2011 are arranged in parallel between the return water sub-branch 2012 and the outlet water sub-branch 2013. Each heater branch 2011 is provided with a heater 9, and each heater 9 can be independently controlled to operate.

[0121] During use, the coolant enters the liquid cooling branch 201, first enters the return water sub-branch 2012, then is split into the heater branches 2011, and finally converges into the outlet water sub-branch 2013.

[0122] In some embodiments, the thermal protection device 100 further includes a dry cooling branch 202. The dry cooling branch 202 is arranged in parallel with the liquid cooling branch 201. The first parallel node of the liquid cooling branch 201 and the dry cooling branch 202 is located upstream of the liquid inlet end of the coolant flow channel 302. The dry cooling branch 202 is connected to a dry cooler 4.

[0123] As Figure 2 shown, the liquid cooling loop 2 includes a liquid cooling branch 201, a dry cooling branch 202, a return water main path 203, and an outlet water main path 204.

[0124] In this embodiment, the liquid cooling branch 201, as the part of the liquid cooling loop 2 that is connected to the coolant flow channel 302 of the heat exchanger 3, is also arranged in parallel with the dry cooling branch 202, while the dry cooling branch 202 is not connected to the coolant flow channel 302 of the heat exchanger 3.

[0125] The thermal protection device 100 further expands its function. By introducing the dry cooling branch 202, which is arranged in parallel with the liquid cooling branch 201, it provides more flow path options and function options for the coolant. The dry cooling branch 202 is connected to a dry cooler 4 and together with the liquid cooling branch 201 constitutes the core part of the thermal protection device 100. The two work together to meet the thermal protection requirements under different working conditions, where the thermal protection requirements include refrigeration and heating.

[0126] The dry cooling branch 202 and the liquid cooling branch 201 are arranged in parallel between the return water main path 203 and the outlet water main path 204. This design enables the coolant to select different paths when flowing through the thermal protection device 100. For example, the liquid cooling branch 201 has refrigeration and heating functions and can precisely adjust the temperature of the coolant through components such as the heater branches 2011 and the heat exchanger 3. The dry cooling branch 202 mainly provides a refrigeration function and cools the coolant through the dry cooler 4.

[0127] In some cases, the refrigeration process of the liquid cooling branch 201 usually involves heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant and may be accompanied by a phase change (such as vaporization or liquefaction of the refrigerant), while the refrigeration process of the dry cooling branch 202 usually does not involve a phase change and mainly cools the coolant through heat exchange between the dry cooler 4 and the external environment.

[0128] The advantage of this parallel arrangement is that the liquid cooling branch 201 and the dry cooling branch 202 can work independently or collaboratively according to different working conditions and requirements. For example, when the ambient temperature is relatively low, the dry cooling branch 202 can be preferentially used for refrigeration to save energy; while when the ambient temperature is relatively high or rapid refrigeration is required, the liquid cooling branch 201 and the dry cooling branch 202 can work simultaneously to provide a stronger refrigeration effect. In addition, when the liquid cooling branch 201 needs to refrigerate, the dry cooling branch 202 can serve as a backup path, effectively ensuring more flexible and efficient temperature regulation of the coolant.

[0129] Through this design, the thermal protection device 100 can not only meet diverse temperature regulation requirements, but also optimize energy utilization according to the actual working conditions, improving the overall performance and reliability of the system.

[0130] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 which is another schematic diagram of the thermal protection device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0131] In some embodiments, one or more first heat exchange structures 10 are connected to the refrigeration circuit 1, and the dry cooler 4 includes one or more second heat exchange structures 401 and a refrigeration fan 402; the first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401 are arranged in the refrigeration space generated when the refrigeration fan 402 operates, that is, the first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401 share the refrigeration fan 402.

[0132] In this embodiment, the thermal protection device 100 further improves the refrigeration efficiency and energy utilization efficiency of the system by optimizing the structures of the refrigeration circuit 1 and the dry cooler 4. One or more first heat exchange structures 10 are connected to the refrigeration circuit 1, while the dry cooler 4 includes one or more second heat exchange structures 401 and a refrigeration fan 402. The first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401 are arranged in the refrigeration space generated when the refrigeration fan 402 operates. This design enables the refrigeration fan 402 to simultaneously provide a cooling air flow for the first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401, thus realizing efficient heat exchange.

[0133] Specifically, when the refrigeration fan 402 operates, it generates a refrigeration space. The air flow in this space is cooled and used to reduce the temperatures of the first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401, transferring the heat of the first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401 into the refrigeration space. Since the cooling air flow of the refrigeration fan 402 simultaneously flows through the first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401, taking away the heat released by them, an efficient refrigeration process is realized.

[0134] The advantage of this design lies in sharing the refrigeration fan 402, which avoids configuring independent cooling equipment for the first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401 respectively, thus reducing the complexity and energy consumption of the system. By sharing the refrigeration fan 402, the thermal protection device 100 can not only improve the refrigeration efficiency, but also reduce the volume and cost of the equipment, while enhancing the reliability and maintenance convenience of the system. In addition, this shared design can also optimize space utilization, enabling the thermal protection device 100 to achieve efficient refrigeration functions in a compact space.

[0135] In some cases, the first heat exchange structure 10 is equivalent to a condenser, and the refrigeration fan 402 is equivalent to a condensing fan.

[0136] In some embodiments, multiple first heat exchange structures 10 are arranged in parallel, and multiple second heat exchange structures 401 are arranged in parallel.

[0137] In this embodiment, the thermal protection device 100 further optimizes the design of its heat exchange structure. By arranging multiple first heat exchange structures 10 and multiple second heat exchange structures 401 in parallel respectively, the overall performance and reliability of the system are significantly improved.

[0138] Specifically, multiple first heat exchange structures 10 are arranged in parallel in the refrigeration circuit 1. This design allows the refrigerant to exchange heat through multiple parallel heat exchange channels, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. The parallel heat exchange structures can disperse the refrigerant flow, reduce the load on a single heat exchange structure, and make the heat exchange more uniform and efficient. At the same time, this parallel design also increases the redundancy of the system. When one or more of the first heat exchange structures 10 fail, the other heat exchange structures can still operate normally, ensuring the stable operation of the refrigeration circuit 1 and enhancing the reliability and stability of the system.

[0139] Similarly, multiple second heat exchange structures 401 are also arranged in parallel and cooperate with the refrigeration fan 402. This design not only improves the heat exchange efficiency of the dry cooler 4, but also enhances the redundancy and stability of the system. The parallel second heat exchange structures 401 can ensure that when the coolant passes through the dry cooler 4, heat can be more effectively transferred to the refrigeration space, thus achieving a better refrigeration effect. At the same time, this parallel design also provides a backup function for the system. When some heat exchange structures fail, other heat exchange structures can continue to undertake the heat exchange task to ensure the normal operation of the dry cooler 4.

[0140] Through this parallel connection setting, the thermal protection device 100 not only improves the heat exchange efficiency, but also enhances the redundancy and stability of the system. This design enables the thermal protection device 100 to operate efficiently and stably under complex working conditions, while reducing the risk of system failure caused by the failure of a single heat exchange structure, and significantly improving the reliability and service life of the system.

[0141] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 , in a specific embodiment, for the refrigeration circuit 1 of the thermal protection device 100, it further includes a compressor 11, and disposed between the upstream of the compressor 11 and the heat exchanger 3 are: a gas-liquid separator 12, a low-pressure pressure sensor 13, a suction temperature sensor 14, a first refrigerant injection nozzle 15; disposed between the downstream of the compressor 11 and the first heat exchange structure 10 are: a check valve 16, an exhaust temperature sensor 17, a second refrigerant injection nozzle 18, a high-pressure pressure sensor 19, a high-pressure pressure switch 20; disposed between the downstream of the first heat exchange structure 10 and the heat exchanger 3 are: a third refrigerant injection nozzle 21, a filter 22, a sight glass 23, an electronic expansion valve 24.

[0142] Under the driving force provided by the compressor 11, the refrigerant can achieve the following circulation path: compressor 11 - first heat exchange structure 10 - electronic expansion valve 24 - refrigerant flow path 301 of the heat exchanger 3 - compressor 11, thereby enabling a refrigeration cycle. Additionally, the refrigeration circuit 1 is configured with an inverter, and the inverter is electrically connected to the compressor 11 to control the variable-frequency operation of the compressor 11.

[0143] For the liquid cooling circuit 2 of the thermal protection device 100, it further includes a circulation pump 25, and disposed upstream of the circulation pump 25 are: an automatic air vent 26, an expansion tank 27, a liquid filling port 28, a return water temperature sensor 5, a return water pressure sensor 29, an impurity filter 30. The circulation pump 25 is located in the return water main path 203, and disposed at the drain port 31, the outlet water temperature sensor 6, and the outlet water pressure sensor 32 on the outlet water main path 204.

[0144] The impurity filter 30 is used to filter the coolant entering the liquid cooling circuit 2, preventing impurities in the coolant from damaging the circulation pump 25 and affecting the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger 3. The functions of the return water pressure sensor 29 and the outlet water pressure sensor 32 are to collect the return water and outlet water pressure values of the coolant, and feedback these pressure values to the controller for processing to execute relevant logic controls. When the outlet water or return water pressure is abnormal, the system will associate relevant faults for troubleshooting the relevant faults of the outlet water and return water pressures. For example, when the outlet water pressure is too high, the water pump operation will be stopped, and when the return water pressure is too low, an alarm will be issued. The drain port 31 and the filling port 28 are used to drain the coolant in the liquid cooling circuit 2 and replenish the coolant into the liquid cooling circuit 2. The automatic exhaust valve 26 is used to exhaust the air in the liquid cooling circuit 2 when filling the coolant, and can also exhaust the gas flashed by the coolant during operation. The expansion tank 27 is used to buffer the volume change of the coolant caused by thermal expansion and contraction. The check valve 16 is used to prevent the liquid refrigerant in the exhaust pipe from flowing back to the compressor 11 when starting up, thus avoiding damage to the compressor. The suction temperature sensor 14 and the discharge temperature sensor 17 are used to monitor the operation stability of the refrigeration system and provide feedback signals to the controller. The high-pressure safety switch 20 is used to monitor the high-pressure situation of the refrigeration system to prevent the compressor from being damaged due to faults. The high-pressure pressure sensor 19 and the low-pressure pressure sensor 13 are used to monitor the high and low pressure situations of the refrigeration system to maintain the stable operation of the refrigeration system. The gas-liquid separator 12 is used to separate the gas and liquid of the refrigerant returned from the evaporator to prevent the liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 11 and causing damage. The dryer filter 22 is used to filter the impurities in the refrigeration system to prevent the impurities from affecting the function of the electronic expansion valve 24. The sight glass 23 is used to observe the water content in the refrigeration system to prevent ice blockage caused by too high water content. The condenser fan is used to provide the cooling air required for condensation for the condenser in the refrigeration system and provide cooling for the dry cooler 4 in some modes.

[0145] When the external environment is in the ordinary refrigeration demand working condition, the thermal protection device 100 operates in the ordinary refrigeration mode. In the ordinary refrigeration mode, the second control valve 8 is closed and the flow regulating member 903 is fully opened. The coolant in the liquid cooling circuit 2 comes from the battery cabinet and is cooled in turn by passing through the impurity filter 30, the circulation pump 25, and the coolant flow passage 302 of the heat exchanger 3, and then flows to the battery cabinet for cooling through the heater branch 2011 (heating is not carried out at this time). After the coolant absorbs heat and warms up in the battery cabinet, it re-enters the liquid cooling circuit 2 of the thermal protection device 100 to complete a cycle.

[0146] When the external environment is in the ordinary heating demand condition, the heat guarantee device 100 operates in the ordinary heating mode. At this time, the second control valve 8 remains closed, and the refrigeration circuit 1 stops operating. The coolant enters the liquid cooling circuit 2, passes through the impurity filter 30, the circulation pump 25, and the heat exchanger 3 (without refrigeration at this time) in sequence, and then reaches the heater branch 2011. The coolant is heated by the first heater 901 or the second heater 902 in the heater branch 2011. After reaching the required temperature, it flows from the liquid cooling circuit 2 to the battery cabinet for heat exchange. The coolant cooled by the battery cabinet then returns to the liquid cooling circuit 2 to complete the liquid cooling circuit cycle in the ordinary heating mode.

[0147] When the liquid cooling circuit 2 is heating, the heating demand of the coolant is divided into the following N cases: 0 < X ≤ Q, Q < X ≤ 2Q,..., (N - 1)Q < X ≤ NQ, where Q represents the maximum electric heating amount when a single heater 9 is fully open. When the electric heating amount required by the coolant in the liquid cooling circuit 2 is 0 < X ≤ Q, the second heater 902 where the flow regulating component 903 of the second heating branch 20112 is located is turned on for the heating mode. At this time, the control system will adjust the opening of the flow regulating component 903 according to the detection result of the water outlet temperature sensor 6. When the electric heating amount required by the coolant in the liquid cooling circuit 2 is (N - 1)Q < X ≤ NQ, the N - 1 first heaters 901 corresponding to the N - 1 first heating branches 20111 are all turned on for the heating mode, and the control system will adjust the opening of the flow regulating component 903 according to the detection result of the water outlet temperature sensor 6. When X = NQ, the flow regulating component 903 will be adjusted to the fully open state under the adjustment of the control system.

[0148] In some cases, the refrigeration fan 402 adopts an axial flow fan. The heater 9 adopts a pipe heater (or a pipe - type electric heater). The first control valve 7, the second control valve 8, and the flow regulating component 903 adopt electric two - way valves. The heat exchanger 3 adopts a plate - type heat exchanger. The first heat exchange structure 10 and the second heat exchange structure 401 adopt finned heat exchangers.

[0149] This application also provides an electric energy device, including the above - mentioned heat guarantee device 100.

[0150] This electric energy device includes the above - mentioned heat guarantee device 100 and should have all the beneficial technical effects of the above - mentioned heat guarantee device 100, which will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0151] In this embodiment, the electrical energy device can be a device integrated with a power battery, such as a battery cabinet, specifically, the power battery cabinet of a new energy locomotive. By integrating the above-mentioned thermal protection device 100, the thermal management requirements of the internal battery or other electrical energy storage components can be met. This design enables the electrical energy device to accurately control and stably regulate the temperature of the internal battery through the thermal protection device 100, thereby effectively ensuring that the battery operates within an appropriate temperature range, extending the battery life, and improving the performance and safety of the device.

[0152] This application also provides a vehicle including the above-mentioned electrical energy device.

[0153] The vehicle includes the above-mentioned electrical energy device and should have all the beneficial technical effects of the above-mentioned electrical energy device, which will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0154] In this embodiment, the vehicle can be a new energy rail vehicle (or new energy locomotive), such as an electric train, subway or light rail. This design enables the new energy rail vehicle to efficiently manage and stably regulate the on-vehicle power battery or other electrical energy storage devices through the thermal protection device 100, effectively ensuring that the battery maintains the optimal working temperature under various operating conditions, thereby improving the operating efficiency, reliability and safety of the vehicle. At the same time, by optimizing the thermal management, the service life of the battery can also be extended and the maintenance cost of the vehicle can be reduced.

[0155] It should be noted that many components mentioned in this application are common standard components or components known to those skilled in the art. Their structures and principles can be learned by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or obtained through conventional experimental methods.

[0156] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0157] The above provides a detailed introduction to the thermal protection device and its control method, electrical energy device and vehicle provided by this application. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of this application. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of this application, several improvements and modifications can be made to this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A control method for a thermal protection device, characterized in that, Including: Performing mode switching according to environmental information, and the modes available for switching include a refrigeration mode and a heating mode; In the heating mode, performing in-mode control according to coolant information, and the controllable conditions include multiple heater branches, the multiple heater branches are arranged in parallel in the liquid cooling branch, and by controlling the opening and closing numbers of the multiple heater branches, multi-stage adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch is achieved.

2. The control method of the thermal protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of the heating mode further include: The controllable conditions further include a flow regulator, the flow regulator is arranged in the heater branch, and by controlling the opening and closing degree of the flow regulator, stepless adjustment of the heating power of the liquid cooling branch is achieved.

3. The control method of the thermal protection device according to claim 2, wherein, The steps of the heating mode further include: The heating power of the heater is Q, and Q is a non-negative number; The number of the heater branches is N, and N is a positive integer greater than 1; The heating power of the liquid cooling branch can be adjusted within the range of {(k1 + k2)Q|k1 = 0, 1,..., N - 1; k2 ∈ [0, 1]}, where k1 is a multi-stage adjustment coefficient and k2 is a stepless adjustment coefficient.

4. The control method of the thermal protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of performing mode switching according to environmental information further include: Judging the relationship between the environmental information and the mode switching information, the mode switching information includes a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, and the first temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold; When the environmental temperature of the environmental information is greater than the first temperature threshold, switching to the refrigeration mode; When the environmental temperature of the environmental information is less than the second temperature threshold, switching to the heating mode.

5. The control method of the thermal protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps of performing mode switching according to environmental information further include: The modes available for switching further include a transition mode; When the environmental temperature of the environmental information is between the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold, switching to the transition mode; In the transition mode, predicting the change trend of the environmental temperature of the environmental information, and at the same time performing in-mode control according to the coolant information.

6. The control method of the thermal protection device according to claim 1, wherein The environmental information includes the environmental temperature, and the environmental temperature is monitored and obtained by an environmental temperature sensor; The coolant information includes the outlet water temperature and the return water temperature, the outlet water temperature is monitored and obtained by an outlet water temperature sensor, and the return water temperature is monitored and obtained by a return water temperature sensor.

7. A thermal protection device, characterized in that, Applying the control method of the thermal protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the thermal protection device includes a liquid cooling branch, multiple heater branches are arranged in parallel in the liquid cooling branch, the thermal protection device further includes a heat exchanger and a refrigeration circuit, the heat exchanger is provided with a refrigerant flow channel and a coolant flow channel capable of performing heat exchange, the refrigerant flow channel is communicated with the refrigeration circuit, and the coolant flow channel is communicated with the liquid cooling branch.

8. The thermal protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, It further includes a dry cooling branch, the dry cooling branch is arranged in parallel with the liquid cooling branch, the first parallel node of the liquid cooling branch and the dry cooling branch is located upstream of the liquid inlet end of the coolant flow channel, and the dry cooling branch is communicated with a dry cooler.

9. An electrical energy device, characterized in that, Including the thermal protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including the electrical energy device according to claim 9.

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